Sunday, June 11, 2023

Getting to Know Walt Disney's Tinker Bell and the Nostalgic Art of Animation and NeverEnding Christmas PhilharMagic

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Getting to Know Walt Disney's Tinker Bell & The Nostalgic Art of Animation and NeverEnding Christmas PhilharMagic (November 13, 2018; 2024 Edition)
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• The D23 team
• Preface: Andreas Deja, John Canemaker
• Foreword: Pete Docter
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From all of us to all of you! Merry Christmas from Mickey Mouse, Jiminy Cricket, Tinker Bell, Peter Pan, Wendy, and all your friends from Walt Disney Animation Studios, including the Pixie Hollow gang. In the same jewelry box with the same porcelain ballerina from the first chapter in the rare Tinker Bell series, it produces musical notes from a set of pins placed on a revolving cylinder. The popular device best known today as a music box developed from a musical snuff boxes of the 18th century and were originally called chimes of music. Some of the more complex music boxes also contain a tiny drum and/or bells in addition to the metal comb. Enjoy a "philharmagical" holidays with nine popular Christmas melodies (which inspires these nine merry gentlemen—the old-school team of core animators, who he affectionately called Walt Disney's "Nine Old Men," were known for creating Disney's most famous gang of all-star ensemble of beloved characters from the studio during their careers), the Disney holiday favorite from 1958's From All of Us to All of You, and some of Disney's most memorable hits, including You Can Fly" from Peter Pan. Each of the nine Christmas carols inspire each of the Nine Old Men, including Toyland (Ward Kimball, which also inspires him to write Walt Disney's Babes in Toyland). Press the buttons on the keyboard contained within the songbook and the images (which pay tribute to Walt Disney's Nine Old Men and the other Disney Legends) will flash to music while it's playing or put the key into the music box to hear very beautifully chimes play ten songs.
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O Christmas Tree
Deck the Halls
Here We Come A-Caroling
Jingle Bells
Toyland
Christmas Is Coming
Jolly Old Saint Nicholas
We Wish You a Merry Christmas
Up on the Housetop
From All of Us to All of You
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We dedicate both this Christmas music box and song book to Eric Larson and Marc Davis, who looked like uncles to some of the children who grow up with their seven talented fathers, including some of Walt Disney's all-star animators, Frank Thomas, Ollie Johnston, and their fellow Dixieland Firehouse Five Plus Two musician and railroader Ward Kimball.
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Contents
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  • Acknowledgments
  • Preface: John Canemaker
  • Preface: Andreas Deja
  • Foreword: Pete Docter
  • Walt Disney: About the Father Figure to Tinker Bell and the Fairies of Pixie Hollow
  • Disney Legends
  • The First
  • Making an Entrance: 2024 Disney Legends
  • A Suite Legacy
  • Legends in Legends Plaza
  • Fantasy Springs Opens at Tokyo DisneySea
  • Meet Tinker Bell's Nine Forever Young Fairies
  1. O Christmas Tree / Marc Davis
  2. Deck the Halls / Frank Thomas
  3. Here We Come A-Caroling / Les Clark
  4. Jingle Bells / Eric Larson
  5. Toyland / Ward Kimball / "Our Lucky Star"
  6. Christmas Is Coming / Ollie Johnston
  7. Jolly Old Saint Nicholas / John Lounsbery
  8. We Wish You a Merry Christmas / Wolfgang Reitherman
  9. Up on the Housetop / Milt Kahl
  10. From All of Us to All of You / The Disney Legends
  • Personalities of the Parks
  • Legends on the Lot
  • The PhilharMagic Makers
  • Legends One and All
  • Studio Stars
  • Sounds Like Magic
  • In His Own Words
  • New York, New York
  • Preserving the Legacy
  • The Disneys
  • Frozen Ever After soundtrack ideas
  1. Load (with Oaken's speech)
  2. 1st Olaf ("Do You Want to Build a Snowman")
  3. The Trolls
  4. Lift ("Vuelie")
  5. Olaf, Anna, and Kristoff ("For the First Time in Forever")
  6. Elsa and Young Iduna's Voice ("Into the Unknown")
  7. Marshmallow and Drop ("Instrumental Theme (Elsa & Anna)")
  8. Arendelle Ice Castle ("For the First Time in Forever" instrumental)
  9. Anna, Elsa, and Olaf Finale ("In Summer")
  10. Unload (with Oaken's speech)
  • Walt Disney's Last Productions
  • Glossary
  • Index
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Acknowledgments
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• Michael Barrier (Norm Ferguson, Ham Luske, Bill Tytla, John Sibley)
• Dale Baer† (John Lounsbery)
• John Canemaker (Les Clark, Ham Luske, Grim Natwick)
• Ron Clements (Frank Thomas)
• Andreas Deja (Milt Kahl)
Didier Ghez (Ub Iwerks, Ham Luske)
• Eric Goldberg (Ward Kimball)
• Don Hahn (Woolie Reitherman)
• Glen Keane (Ollie Johnston)
• Bob Kurtz (Marc Davis)
Burny Mattinson† (John Sibley)
• John Musker (Eric Larson)
Floyd Norman (Hal King)
Dave Smith† (Fred Moore)
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Robin Allan† (Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Make Mine Music, Melody Time)
• Didier Ghez (The Reluctant Dragon)
Mindy Johnson (Cinderella, Peter Pan)
J.B. Kaufman (Bambi, South of the Border)
Daniel Kothenschulte (Silly Symphonies, Pinocchio, Fantasia, Burbank Studios (1939—1940), Dumbo)
Katja Lüthge (Fun and Fancy Free)
Leonard Maltin (Song of the South)
Russell Merritt (Laugh-O-grams, From Alice to Mickey)
Andreas Platthaus (Lady and the Tramp)
Brian Sibley (The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad, Alice in Wonderland, The Sword in the Stone, Mary Poppins, Winnie the Pooh)
Charles Solomon (Hyperion Studios (1926—1940), Sleeping Beauty, 101 Dalmatians, The Jungle Book)
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• Orphan's Benefit (Les Clark)
• Mickey's Elephant (Frank Thomas)
• The Country Cousin (Les Clark)
• Woodland Café (Ward Kimball)
• Hawaiian Holiday (Wolfgang Reitherman)
• Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (Les ClarkWolfgang Reitherman, Ward KimballJohn Lounsbery)
• The Brave Little Tailor (Frank Thomas)
• Goofy and Wilbur (Wolfgang Reitherman)
• Donald's Cousin Gus (Wolfgang Reitherman)
• Pinocchio (Eric Larson, Ward Kimball, Frank Thomas)
• Fantasia (John Lounsbery)
• Dumbo (Wolfgang Reitherman, Ward Kimball)
• The Symphony Hour (Les Clark)
• Bambi (Eric Larson, Milt Kahl, Frank ThomasOllie JohnstonMarc Davis)
• Saludos Amigos (Milt Kahl)
• Make Mine Music (John Lounsbery)
• Song of the South (Eric Larson, Marc Davis)
• Fun and Fancy Free (John Lounsbery)
• Melody Time (Ollie Johnston)
• The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad (Frank ThomasOllie Johnston)
• Cinderella (Marc Davis)
• Alice in Wonderland (Eric LarsonMilt Kahl, John LounsberyMarc Davis)
• Peter Pan (Wolfgang Reitherman, Ward KimballFrank ThomasJohn LounsberyMarc Davis)
• Toot, Whistle, Plunk and Boom (Marc Davis)
• Lady and the Tramp (Les ClarkWolfgang Reitherman, Frank ThomasOllie JohnstonJohn Lounsbery)
• Sleeping Beauty (Ollie Johnston, Marc Davis)
• One Hundred and One Dalmatians (Milt Kahl, John LounsberyMarc Davis)
• The Sword in the Stone (Milt Kahl)
• The Jungle Book (Milt Kahl, Frank ThomasOllie JohnstonJohn Lounsbery)
• The AristoCats (Milt Kahl)
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• Flowers and Trees (Les Clark)
• The Country Cousin (Les Clark)
• Ferdinand the Bull (Ward Kimball)
• Donald's Cousin Gus (Wolfgang Reitherman)
• Pinocchio (Wolfgang ReithermanMilt Kahl, Ollie JohnstonJohn Lounsbery)
• Fantasia (Les ClarkWolfgang Reitherman, Ward Kimball)
• The Symphony Hour (Les Clark)
• Bambi (Marc Davis)
• Saludos Amigos (Wolfgang Reitherman)
• The Three Caballeros (Eric Larson)
• Make Mine Music (Ward Kimball)
• The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad (Wolfgang Reitherman, Frank Thomas)
• Cinderella (Ward KimballMilt Kahl, Marc Davis)
• Alice in Wonderland (Ward KimballFrank ThomasOllie Johnston)
• Peter Pan (Les ClarkEric LarsonFrank ThomasOllie Johnston)
• Lady and the Tramp (Eric LarsonOllie JohnstonJohn Lounsbery)
• Sleeping Beauty (Milt Kahl, Frank ThomasJohn Lounsbery, Marc Davis)
• One Hundred and One Dalmatians (Eric Larson, Marc Davis)
• The Sword in the Stone (Eric LarsonFrank ThomasJohn Lounsbery)
• The Jungle Book (Ollie JohnstonJohn Lounsbery)
• The AristoCats (Milt Kahl)
• The Rescuers (Milt Kahl)
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Colors of Ribbons that edited as the Christmas song sheet
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• Red (O Christmas Tree (Marc Davis), Jingle Bells (Eric Larson), Christmas Is Coming (Ollie Johnston), From All of Us to All of You (The Disney Legends)
• Green (Deck the Halls (Frank Thomas), Jolly Old Saint Nicholas (John Lounsbery), Up on the Housetop (Milt Kahl))
• Yellow (Here We Come A-Caroling (Les Clark))
• Pink (Toyland (Ward Kimball), We Wish You a Merry Christmas (Wolfgang Reitherman))
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PREFACE: John Canemaker
I first became aware of Walt Disney's Nine Old Men when, as a teenager in 1958, I read Bob Thomas's book The Art of Animation. In a black-and-white photograph spread over two pages, there they were: Les ClarkWolfgang ReithermanEric LarsonWard KimballMilt KahlFrank ThomasOllie JohnstonJohn Lounsbery, and Marc Davis. Nine great animators, described as "the group Walt has called 'the nine old men.'"
They looked middle-aged, not old, and the text did not explain that Walt Disney's sobriquet was a joking reference to President Roosevelt's description of his hostile Supreme Court as "nine old men, all too aged to recognize a new idea." But the book introduced to the public a filmmaking team whose ironic appellation has come to represent some of the highest achievements in character (or personality) animation. The Nine Old Men were, wrote Thomas, "the creators who add the touch of genius to the Disney features."
Think of your favorite moments and characters in Disney films from the 1930s through the 1970s—pathos, comedy, or action performed by heroes, heroines, villains, or clowns—and chances are most were animated by one of the Nine Old Men. Although the principles and techniques of character animation were forged by an earlier group at Disney, the Nine Old Men developed and refined those methods to a high degree of expressiveness and subtlety over a forty-year period. In films such as Snow White and the Seven DwarfsPinocchioFantasiaBambiSong of the SouthCinderellaAlice in WonderlandPeter PanLady and the TrampSleeping Beauty101 Dalmatians, and The Rescuers, among others, their virtuosity remains a benchmark against which all other character animation continues to be measured.
After Walt Disney's death in 1966, the studio publicity department perpetuated and built the legend of the Nine Old Men with a second and final group photograph, this time in color; magazines and books touted the group's accomplishments. It was an attempt to personalize the continuation of the art form that Walt developed by shining a spotlight on his closest, most loyal, and gifted collaborators.
But the term obscured the individual achievements of nine unique talents and temperaments, even as it purportedly illuminated them. One got the impression that the Nine Old Men were similar, interlocking, and equal parts of a smoothly running machine. Nothing could have been further from the truth, which makes them and their achievements all the more remarkable.
I saw how different they were from each other during my first visit to the Disney Studio in Burbank, California, in the summer of 1973. Researching an academic paper on the development of Disney animation, it was my good fortune to meet and interview several of the Nine. I found them to be individualists with widely differing artistic gifts, viewpoints, personalities, and degrees of ambition and competitiveness. That they had worked together so well for so long seems, upon reflection, miraculous. Of course, the attributes and liabilities of one man complemented another's, and they had much in common.
An example of their commonality is the fact that each man came to Disney merely seeking a job. All were affected by the Depression, a period of rampant unemployment in America; Disney was one of the few places offering paying jobs to artists. The studio's 1933 short Three Little Pigs, with its theme song "Who's Afraid of the Big Bad Wolf?," became a national symbol of the spunk and optimism of the American people. It also held a special relevance for the future Nine Old Men, who arrived at the studio with the wolf literally at their door. But the film also demonstrated a powerful new kind of animation that could communicate with vast audiences by inspiring as well as amusing them. The Nine Old Men stayed at the Disney studio for decades not merely out of loyalty; they became fascinated with character animation and excited by the opportunity to expand the art form's potential.
At the time of my first visit, the Nine were no longer working as a complete team. Wolfgang Reitherman was directing and producing the features; Les Clark was directing television shows; Eric Larson was in charge of training new animators; Marc Davis was designing Disney theme park attractions; Ward Kimball was less than a month from officially retiring. (In fact, I interviewed him at his home where I had the pleasure of riding the cars of his life-size train collection.) Only Milt Kahl, John Lounsbery, Frank Thomas, and Ollie Johnston were still animating. (I was privileged to observe the latter two gentlemen at their drawing boards animating scenes for 1977's The Rescuers.)
Over the years, during subsequent visits to research articles or books, I learned more about the Nine Old Men: their individual relationships with Walt and with each other; their predecessors and mentors at the studio upon whose inspirations and innovations the Nine built; their artistic break-throughs and failures; their rivalries and their involvement in studio politics.
My closest friendships have been with Frank Thomas and Ollie Johnston, who have shared a unique and long-lived loyalty to each other as well as a deep dedication to their art. For over a quarter century we have shared phone calls, letters, and meals in different parts of the world, from Chicago, Illinois, to Cakovec, Yugoslavia. I have interviewed them countless times privately and in front of audiences large and small. I have been privileged to receive their warm encouragement and bracing "tough-love" critiques of my films and writings.
My books on animation history include biographies of Winsor McCay, Tex Avery, and even Felix the Cat; two recent books concentrated on aspects of preanimation processes at the Walt Disney Studio, namely the conceptual artwork and the storyboards. When I was finally offered the opportunity to write about the art of Disney animation itself—through the prism of the Nine Old Men, in a candid assessment of their lives and contributions to a special form of cinema—I leaped at the chance.
Both Frank and Ollie were, as always, enthusiastic. They encouraged me to tell the truth as I see it about the remarkable Disney animated films, how they were made, and who made them. Here, for example, is an excerpt from a September 28, 1998, letter to me from Frank Thomas:

So have fun and choose a heart-wrenching philosophy that will make your audience cheer while wiping a tear from their eye. The subject is BIG, from the casual way it all started, to the resentments, the unhappiness that went hand in hand with the glow of success, the failures, the continuous changes in the studio and in Walt, down to his death and the degeneration of the whole idea surrounding the 9 Old Men.
Don't give it that sugary Disney treatment, these are real people leading real lives. And what's more, they are real artists, extremely talented artists, and few talented writers, historians, teachers, critics, and animators themselves, ever get a chance to do a book with this much importance and potential. Go to it!

I have always wanted to write a book on animators modeled after Giorgio Vasari's Lives of the Artists, the famous sixteenth-century biographical work about the greatest artists of the Italian Renaissance. This project attempts to fulfill that wish.
My purpose is the same as Vasari's: "to revive the memory of those who adorned these professions, who do not merit that their names and works should remain the prey of death and oblivion."
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PREFACE: Andreas Deja
One day in the late 1970s I discussed Disney animation with my life-drawing teacher. "Anybody can learn how to animate like Disney," he claimed. "It's all technique, but no art." I was shocked! This man was a terrific teacher and an artist in his own right. I doubted his judgment quietly, having already spent endless hours studying the fluid motion of Disney animation with the help of Super-8 film clips. I could not imagine that anybody could learn to animate like this by picking up a few simple tricks. It seemed to me that in order to create life through drawings, an artist had to become very involved and committed.
My art school didn't offer any animation classes, which meant if I wanted to pursue a future career in animation, a self-taught method would be the only option. After giving myself assignments like walk cycles and other pencil tests, I found out that Disney Studios had started a training program for new talent joining the animation department. It turned out that veteran animator Eric Larson worked with newcomers on developing their craft to eventually become fully fledged animators.
About one year later, in August 1980, I applied for the program and was lucky enough to get accepted. One of the things I remember is Eric going over my drawings from a scene I was trying to animate. Looking over the shoulder of one of Disney's great animators and watching him as he strengthened my poses and timing was intimidating and thrilling at the same time.
When viewing my corrected scene, I couldn't believe my eyes. Eric's input added pure magic; the character's actions became more clear and believable. What started out as messy graphic motion, now seemed to show signs of life.
It was Eric who first introduced me to two other Disney animators, Frank Thomas and Ollie Johnston, who were in the midst of writing their first book on Disney animation, The Illusion of Life. Conversations with these artists were fascinating because, after all, they had been involved with almost all of Disney's animated films. These movies shaped my childhood and made me wonder, how on earth this level of excellence was achieved. Now I had the opportunity to ask endless questions about the art of character animation.
When I was still in Germany, the term "Disney's Nine Old Men" had been familiar to me; I knew the names of this elite group of animators from books and magazine articles. What I wasn't aware of was the fact that two of them had already passed away when I started working for the studio. John Lounsbery and Les Clark were no longer alive, but I was lucky to get to know and become friends with seven of the nine, including Eric Larson, Frank Thomas, and Ollie Johnston.
Woolie Reitherman still worked at the studio during the early 1980s, developing ideas for new projects. Marc Davis had retired, but lived close by, and he and his wife Alice enjoyed interacting with a new generation of animators. Ward Kimball lectured occasionally at the studio and was always up for a lunch date. Milt Kahl had moved to San Francisco after spending more than 40 years as an animator at Disney. I visited him once or twice a year and, despite his rough reputation, found him to be generous with his time and stimulating to talk to. I was lucky to be able to join Disney at a time when so many master animators were still alive and, as it turned out, very approachable. Every conversation with each of them left me incredibly inspired and compelled to study their work in greater detail. At that time the studio kept all of the animated, hand-drawn scenes ever done in a makeshift archive called the Morgue, which was placed in the basement of the Ink and Paint Department. Newcomers like myself were encouraged to study this material up close and learn from it. And what a school it was! Whether it was Medusa pulling off her false eyelashes, Bambi chasing a butterfly, or Baloo dancing with Mowgli, flipping those scenes left me with a feeling of either frustration—I am never going to be as good as this—or utter elation—look how incredible this medium can be!
In this book I try to share anecdotes and reflections by these incredible artists—as related to me—and present some of their brilliant work.
My art teacher was wrong; Disney animation is so much more than technique. Creating personalities on the screen through drawings is extremely difficult and only succeeds if the animator finds a way to express him, or herself personally. As Marc Davis said, it is the ultimate art form, involving drawing, acting, music, dancing, and painting, all combined into one medium.
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FOREWORD: Pete Docter
One of the questions I get asked most often is, "Who are my favorite Disney characters?" For many animators and directors, that question is like asking them to pick their favorite children. But for me, I can say without hesitation that one of my absolute favorites has always been Tinker Bell.
I must confess it was love at first flight, seeing Tinker Bell in the Walt Disney classic Peter Pan when I was just a young boy. Not only could she fly, but she had magic pixie dust that could make anyone fly. Who didn't want to fly? She was incredibly appealing, especially to an adolescent boy. She had a mischievous side to her that was human, fun, and something we could all relate to. I loved that Tinker Bell had so many facets to her personality, and she was able to beautifully communicate all of them without even saying a word. And despite her sometimes impetuous behavior, you always sensed that she had a big heart. She has a very important sibling in the very rare magical place called Pixie Hollow. She has a name based on the periwinkle flower. Her name was Periwinkle and she shared many similar traits with Elsa from Frozen.
As my interest and fascination with animation grew, including the foundation of the characteristic similarly sisterhood between Tink and Anna and Peri and Elsa, I learned to appreciate the incredible design and draftsmanship that Marc Davis, the father of Tinker Bell and one of the greatest animators to ever work at Disney, put in to bringing her to life. And make no mistake about it; Tinker Bell is full of life. These talented individuals contributed their efforts to many Disney projects over the years. One very special effort was Disney's classic Peter Pan, which they all worked on together. Marc Davis was one of Walt's creative team, the "nine old men" faced many exciting challenges in bringing this story to the screen. Not only did they need to find new ways to bring the characters to life, they added elements of the tale that had not been possible in the stage versions of the story.
The first "nine old men" were Supreme Court justices—all more than 90 years old—who were trying to block President Franklin Roosevelt's "New Deal" in the mid-1930s. When Walt Disney selected his first-string supervising animators, he was doing a wry nod to the headlines when he dubbed these then-young artists his "Nine Old Men," who were honored as Disney Legends along with the non-member, Ub Iwerks. As husbands and fathers, some of Disney's talented animators had offspring (known as sons and daughters, including brothers and sisters), except for Marc Davis and Eric Larson, who was the trainer of new generation of Disney animators, including Chris BuckRon ClementsJohn Musker (who had previously finished working on Moana), and some of the new Disney Legends: Andreas DejaGlen Keane, and Mark Henn. They looked like uncles to some of the children who grow up with his talented fathers. Les ClarkMilt Kahl, and Ollie Johnston had two while Wolfgang ReithermanWard Kimball, and John Lounsbery had three and Frank Thomas had four. I get to know and become friends with some of their children, including Thomas' son Theodore, filmmaker of 1995 documentary Frank & Ollie, and Reitherman's son Bruce who voiced Mowgli in The Jungle Book while his older brothers Dick and Bob voiced King Arthur in The Sword in the Stone. Kimball's son John was the animation director of many television series including 1989's Chip 'n' Dale Rescue Rangers.
Both Peter Pan and Tinker Bell's Pixie Hollow glory days were very, very special to Walt himself. As a young boy, Walt had portrayed Peter in a school play; he had been enchanted with the story every since. Walt long dreamed of putting this story on the silver screen. His dream became a reality in 1953 when Peter Pan was first released, which was followed by the Disney Fairies' Tinker Bell film franchise over 50 years later.
The beloved tale, based on Sir James M. Barrie's play, is the story of Peter and of the Darling children, Wendy, John and Michael, who embark on an exciting journey to Never Land. Their fantastic adventure involves an engaging assortment of characters, including a jealous fairy named Tinker Bell, a villainous pirate, Captain Hook, the crocodile, and a myriad of mermaids, Lost Boys and Indians. This dynamic team helped to sprinkle a little pixie dust into the lives of millions.
The term "Disney's Nine Old Men" had been familiar to me; we knew the names of this elite group of animators from books and magazine articles. What I wasn't aware of was the fact that five of them, including Woolie Reitherman, Milt Kahl, and Eric Larson, had already passed away and didn't survive to get handprints in the Disney Legends Award ceremony in 1989 and see the origins of the Disney Renaissance era and DisneyToon Studios when I started working for the company in the early 1990s. However, I was lucky to get to know and become friends with John Lasseter (former CEO of Disney and Pixar Animation), Bradley RaymondPeggy Holmes, the team behind The Little Mermaid and Beauty and the Beast, and four of the nine, including Marc Davis, Frank Thomas, and Ollie Johnston. Animation supervisor Mike Greenholt—who has worked on all of the films in the Tinker Bell series—was lucky to be able to join Disney at a time as a clean-up in-betweener working on Tarzan (directed by Frozen's Chris Buck) and Treasure Planet (directed by Moana's Ron Clements and John Musker) when four of many master animators, including Ollie Johnston and Ward Kimball (who were John Lasseter's two fellow railroaders), were still alive through the 1990s and the 2000s decades and, as it turned out, very approachable.
More than 40 years after Walt Disney's death in the same year Mike was born, all of the members of the Nine Old Men were deceased, starting from John Lounsbery in 1976 to Ollie Johnston in 2008 — 32 years later; the same year we decided to create the Disney Fairies films, where Tinker Bell (voiced by Mae Whitman, who previously voiced Shanti in the 2003 sequel to The Jungle Book, in which she was also animated by Ollie in the ending of the classic film) would speak for the first time, we carefully analyzed the magic that makes Tink tick. She displays the full range of human emotions from jealousy, envy, and anger, to joy and love, which inspires Joy from 2015's Inside Out and its 2024 sequel, Inside Out 2. Today, her magic is just as potent as ever, and she's still very much the same character we fell in love with long ago.
I hope you enjoy this beautiful musical jewelry box and song book, which presents some incredible visual development sketches, production art, photographs and galleries of Disney animation for the very first time, also understanding why growing up was or wasn't important to consider it as a good recognition for some of the material from the Disney Fairies' Tinker Bell franchise from DisneyToons Studios since its closures in 2015 and 2018. From earliest Walt Disney origins in his marvelous era to Tinker Bell's magical world of Pixie Hollow, there's quite an adventure ahead. If it's hard to remember those nine Supreme Court justices, think of some wonderful thoughts, turn on the Christmas music box, and get ready to sing along as the work of the nine Disney Legends continues to enchant the world...
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Walt Disney (19011966)
About the Father Figure of Tinker Bell and the Fairies of Pixie Hollow
During a 43-year Hollywood career, which spanned the development of the motion picture medium as a modern American art, Walter Elias Disney, a modern Aesop, established himself and his product as a genuine part of Americana.
David Low, the late British political cartoonist, called Disney "the most significant figure in graphic arts since Leonardo." A pioneer and innovator, and the possessor of one of the most fertile imaginations the world has ever known, Walt Disney, along with members of his staff, received more than 950 honors and citations from throughout the world, including 48 Academy Awards® and 7 Emmys® in his lifetime.
Walt Disney's personal awards included honorary degrees from Harvard, Yale, the University of Southern California, and UCLA; the Presidential Medal of Freedom; France's Legion of Honor and Officer d'Academie decorations; Thailand's Order of the Crown; Brazil's Order of the Southern Cross; Mexico's Order of the Aztec Eagle; and the Showman of the World Award from the National Association of Theatre Owners.
Walt Disney V, who had been the genius behind his famous fairy, Tinker Bell (the star of her own film collection), the creator of Mickey Mouse, and founder of Disneyland and Walt Disney World was born in Chicago, Illinois, on December 5, 1901. His father, Elias Disney, was an Irish-Canadian. His mother, Flora Call Disney, was of German-American descent. Walt was one of five children, four boys and a girl.
Raised on a farm near Marceline, Missouri, Walt early became interested in drawing, selling his first sketches to neighbors when he was only seven years old. At McKinley High School in Chicago, Disney divided his attention between drawing and photography, contributing both to the school paper. At night he attended the Academy of Fine Arts.
During the fall of 1918, Disney attempted to enlist for military service. Rejected because he was only 16 years of age, Walt joined the Red Cross and was sent overseas, where he spent a year driving an ambulance and chauffeuring Red Cross officials. His ambulance was covered from stem to stern, not with stock camouflage, but with drawings and cartoons.
After the war, Walt returned to Kansas City, where he began his career as an advertising cartoonist. Here, in 1920, he created and marketed his first original animated cartoons, and later perfected a new method for combining live-action and animation.
In August of 1923, Walt Disney left Kansas City for Hollywood with nothing but a few drawing materials, $40 in his pocket and a completed animated and live-action film. Walt's brother Roy O. Disney was already in California, with an immense amount of sympathy and encouragement, and $250. Pooling their resources, they borrowed an additional $500 and constructed a camera stand in their uncle's garage. Soon, they received an order from New York for the first "Alice Comedy" short, and the brothers began their production operation in the rear of a Hollywood real estate office two blocks away.
On July 13, 1925, Walt married one of his first employees, Lillian Bounds, in Lewiston, Idaho. They were blessed with two daughters — Diane, married to Ron Miller, former president and chief executive officer of Walt Disney Productions; and Sharon Disney Lund, formerly a member of Disney's Board of Directors. The Millers have seven children and Mrs. Lund had three. Mrs. Lund passed away in 1993.
Mickey Mouse was created in 1928, and his talents were first used in a silent cartoon entitled Plane Crazy. However, before the cartoon could be released, sound burst upon the motion picture screen. Thus Mickey made his screen debut in Steamboat Willie, the world's first fully synchronized sound cartoon, which premiered at the Colony Theatre in New York on November 18, 1928.
Walt's drive to perfect the art of animation was endless. Technicolor® was introduced to animation during the production of his "Silly Symphonies." In 1932, the film entitled Flowers and Trees won Walt the first of his 32 personal Academy Awards®. In 1937, he released The Old Mill, the first short subject to utilize the multiplane camera technique.
On December 21 of that same year, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, the first full-length animated musical feature, premiered at the Carthay Circle Theatre in Los Angeles. Produced at the unheard of cost of $1,499,000 during the depths of the Great Depression, the film is still accounted as one of the great feats and imperishable monuments of the motion picture industry. During the next five years, Walt completed such other full-length animated classics as PinocchioFantasia, Dumbo, and Bambi.
In 1940, construction was completed on Disney's Burbank studio, and the staff swelled to more than 1,000 artists, animators, story men and technicians. During World War II, 94 percent of the Disney facilities were engaged in special government work including the production of training and propaganda films for the armed services, as well as health films which are still shown throughout the world by the U.S. State Department. The remainder of his efforts were devoted to the production of comedy short subjects, deemed highly essential to civilian and military morale.
Disney's 1945 feature, the musical The Three Caballeros, combined live action with the cartoon medium, a process he used successfully in such other features as Song of the South and the highly acclaimed Mary Poppins. In all, 81 features were released by the studio during his lifetime.
Walt's inquisitive mind and keen sense for education through entertainment resulted in the award-winning "True-Life Adventure" series. Through such films as The Living DesertThe Vanishing PrairieThe African Lion and White Wilderness, Disney brought fascinating insights into the world of wild animals and taught the importance of conserving our nation's outdoor heritage.
Disneyland, launched in 1955 as a fabulous $17 million Magic Kingdom, soon increased its investment tenfold and entertained, by its fourth decade, more than 400 million people, including presidents, kings and queens and royalty from all over the globe.
A pioneer in the field of television programming, Disney began production in 1954, and was among the first to present full-color programming with his Wonderful World of Color in 1961. The Mickey Mouse Club and Zorro were popular favorites in the 1950s.
But that was only the beginning. In 1965, Walt Disney turned his attention toward the problem of improving the quality of urban life in America. He personally directed the design on an Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow, or EPCOT, planned as a living showcase for the creativity of American industry.
Said Disney, "I don't believe there is a challenge anywhere in the world that is more important to people everywhere than finding the solution to the problems of our cities. But where do we begin? Well, we're convinced we must start with the public need. And the need is not just for curing the old ills of old cities. We think the need is for starting from scratch on virgin land and building a community that will become a prototype for the future."
Thus, Disney directed the purchase of 43 square miles of virgin land — twice the size of Manhattan Island — in the center of the state of Florida. Here, he master planned a whole new Disney world of entertainment to include a new amusement theme park, motel-hotel resort vacation center and his Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow. After more than seven years of master planning and preparation, including 52 months of actual construction, Walt Disney World opened to the public as scheduled on October 1, 1971. Epcot Center opened on October 1, 1982.
Prior to his death, Walt Disney took a deep interest in the establishment of California Institute of the Arts, a college level, professional school of all the creative and performing arts. Of Cal Arts, Walt once said, "It's the principal thing I hope to leave when I move on to greener pastures. If I can help provide a place to develop the talent of the future, I think I will have accomplished something."
California Institute of the Arts was founded in 1961 with the amalgamation of two schools, the Los Angeles Conservatory of Music and Chouinard Art Institute. The campus is located in the city of Valencia, 32 miles northeast of downtown Los Angeles. Walt Disney conceived the new school as a place where all the performing and creative arts would be taught under one roof in a "community of the arts" as a completely new approach to professional arts training.
Walt Disney is a legend, a folk hero of the 20th century. His worldwide popularity was based upon the ideas which his name represents: imagination, optimism and self-made success in the American tradition. Walt Disney did more to touch the hearts, minds and emotions of millions of Americans than any other man in the past century. Through his work, he brought joy, happiness and a universal means of communication to the people of every nation. Certainly, our world shall know but one Walt Disney.
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List (in order of appearance in Walt Disney V's personal touch)
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Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (December 21, 1937)
The Little Mermaid (November 17, 1989)
Pinocchio (February 7, 1940)
Fantasia (November 13, 1940)
Dumbo (October 23, 1941)
Beauty and the Beast (November 22, 1991)
Bambi (August 13, 1942)
Aladdin (November 25, 1992)
Saludos Amigos (February 6, 1943)
The Lion King (June 24, 1994)
The Three Caballeros (February 3, 1945)
Pocahontas (June 23, 1995)
Toy Story (November 22, 1995)
Make Mine Music (April 20, 1946)
The Hunchback of Notre Dame (June 21, 1996)
Hercules (June 27, 1997)
Fun and Fancy Free (September 27, 1947)
Melody Time (May 27, 1948)
Mulan (June 19, 1998)
A Bug's Life (November 25, 1998)
Tarzan (June 18, 1999)
The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad (October 5, 1949)
Toy Story 2 (November 24, 1999)
Fantasia 2000 (December 17, 1999)
Cinderella (February 15, 1950)
The Emperor's New Groove (December 15, 2000)
Atlantis: The Lost Empire (June 15, 2001)
Alice in Wonderland (July 26, 1951)
Lilo & Stitch (June 21, 2002)
Treasure Planet (November 27, 2002)
Peter Pan (February 5, 1953)
Finding Nemo (May 30, 2003)
Brother Bear (November 1, 2003)
Home on the Range (April 2, 2004)
The Incredibles (November 5, 2004)
Lady and the Tramp (June 22, 1955)
Chicken Little (November 4, 2005)
Cars (June 9, 2006)
Meet the Robinsons (March 30, 2007)
Ratatouille (June 29, 2007)
Enchanted (November 21, 2007)
WALL-E (June 27, 2008)
Bolt (November 21, 2008)
Sleeping Beauty (January 29, 1959)
Up (May 29, 2009)
The Princess and the Frog & Tinker Bell (December 11, 2009)
Toy Story 3 (June 18, 2010)
Tangled & Muppets & Fairies' Autumn Treasure (November 24, 2010)
101 Dalmatians (January 25, 1961)
Cars 2 (June 24, 2011)
Winnie the Pooh & Tinker Bell's Midsummer Rescue (July 15, 2011)
Brave (June 22, 2012)
Monsters University (June 21, 2013)
Frozen & Muppets & Fairies' Wintry Secret (November 27, 2013)
The Sword in the Stone (December 25, 1963)
Planes (July 18, 2014)
Mary Poppins (August 27, 1964)
Frozen Fever & Muppetational & Winged Pirate (March 13, 2015)
Inside Out (June 19, 2015)
The Good Dinosaur (November 25, 2015)
The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh (February 4, 1966March 11, 1977)
Zootopia & Tinker Bell's NeverZootropolis Legend (March 4, 2016)
Finding Dory (June 17, 2016)
Moana (November 23, 2016)
Cars 3 (June 16, 2017)
The Jungle Book (October 18, 1967)
Coco (November 22, 2017)
Incredibles 2 (June 15, 2018)
Frozen & Tinker Bell Ever After (November 21, 2018)
Toy Story 4 (June 21, 2019)
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2 hours, 20 minutes: Mary Poppins
2 hours, 1 minute: Disenchanted
2 hours, 00 minutes: Fantasia
1 hour, 58 minutes: Incredibles 2
1 hour, 57 minutes: Cars
1 hour, 55 minutes: The Incredibles
1 hour, 52 minutes: Ralph Breaks the Internet
1 hour, 51 minutes: Ratatouille
1 hour, 49 minutes: Cars 3Coco
1 hour, 48 minutes: Enchanted, Zootopia, Raya and the Last Dragon
1 hour, 47 minutes: Cars 2, Moana
1 hour, 45 minutes: Strange World
1 hour, 43 minutes: Finding DoryFrozen IIOnward
1 hour, 42 minutes: Toy Story 3Monsters University, FrozenBig Hero 6
1 hour, 41 minutes: Tangled, Wreck-It Ralph, Elemental
1 hour, 40 minutes: Finding NemoToy Story 4, SoulTurning Red, Lightyear, Moana 2
1 hour, 39 minutes: Encanto
1 hour, 38 minutes: Luca
1 hour, 37 minutes: WALL-E
1 hour, 36 minutes: A Bug's Life, BoltUp, Inside Out 2
1 hour, 35 minutes: Atlantis: The Lost EmpireTreasure PlanetThe Princess and the FrogInside Out
1 hour, 34 minutes: Meet the Robinsons
1 hour, 33 minutes: Brave
1 hour, 32 minutes: HerculesToy Story 2Monsters, Inc.The Good Dinosaur, Wish
1 hour, 30 minutes: Aladdin
1 hour, 28 minutes: MulanTarzan
1 hour, 27 minutes: Pinocchio, The Lion King, Pocahontas
1 hour, 26 minutes: The Hunchback of Notre Dame
1 hour, 25 minutes: Lilo & StitchBrother Bear
1 hour, 24 minutes: Beauty and the Beast
1 hour, 23 minutes: Robin Hood, The Fox and the Hound
1 hour, 22 minutes: The Little Mermaid, Dinosaur
1 hour, 21 minutes: Chicken Little
1 hour, 20 minutes: Snow White and the Seven DwarfsThe Sword in the StoneThe Black CauldronThe Great Mouse DetectiveToy Story
1 hour, 19 minutes: 101 DalmatiansThe Emperor's New Groove
1 hour, 18 minutes: The Jungle Book, The AristoCats
1 hour, 16 minutes: Peter PanThe Rescuers
1 hour, 15 minutes: Make Mine MusicMelody TimeAlice in WonderlandLady and the TrampSleeping BeautyThe Nightmare Before ChristmasFantasia 2000, Home on the Range
1 hour, 14 minutes: CinderellaThe Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh, The Rescuers Down Under
1 hour, 13 minutes: Fun and Fancy Free
1 hour, 12 minutes: Oliver & Company
1 hour, 10 minutes: BambiThe Three Caballeros
1 hour, 8 minutes: The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad
1 hour, 4 minutes: Dumbo
45 minutes: Saludos Amigos
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The Walt Disney-era (1937–1966)
_
2 hours, 20 minutes: Mary Poppins
2 hours, 00 minutes: Fantasia
1 hour, 27 minutes: Pinocchio
1 hour, 20 minutes: Snow White and the Seven DwarfsThe Sword in the Stone
1 hour, 19 minutes: 101 Dalmatians
1 hour, 16 minutes: Peter Pan
1 hour, 15 minutes: Make Mine MusicMelody TimeAlice in WonderlandLady and the TrampSleeping Beauty
1 hour, 14 minutes: Cinderella
1 hour, 13 minutes: Fun and Fancy Free
1 hour, 10 minutes: BambiThe Three Caballeros
1 hour, 9 minutes: Winnie the Pooh
1 hour, 8 minutes: The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad
45 minutes: Saludos Amigos
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The Disney Renaissance era (1989–1999)
_
1 hour, 32 minutes: Hercules
1 hour, 30 minutes: Aladdin
1 hour, 28 minutes: MulanTarzan
1 hour, 27 minutes: The Lion King, Pocahontas
1 hour, 26 minutes: The Hunchback of Notre Dame
1 hour, 24 minutes: Beauty and the Beast
1 hour, 22 minutes: The Little Mermaid
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Tinker Bell's Revival era (2009–2016)
_
2 hours, 4 minutes: Zootopia & Tinker Bell's Legend of the NeverBeast
1 hour, 57 minutes: Tangled & Tinker Bell's Lost Treasure
1 hour, 53 minutes: Frozen & Tinker Bell's Secret of the Wings
1 hour, 49 minutes: The Princess and the Frog & Tinker Bell
1 hour, 26 minutes: Frozen Fever & Tinker Bell's Pirate Fairy
1 hour: 22 minutes: Winnie the Pooh & Tinker Bell's Great Fairy Rescue
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G-rated
_
1 hour, 57 minutes: Cars
1 hour, 51 minutes: Ratatouille
1 hour, 49 minutes: Cars 3
1 hour, 48 minutes: Enchanted (animated world and musical numbers only)
1 hour, 47 minutes: Cars 2
1 hour, 43 minutes: Frozen II (Anna and Elsa's childhood and "Into the Unknown" musical number only)
1 hour, 42 minutes: Toy Story 3, Monsters University, Frozen (Anna and Elsa's childhood only until their accident occurs)
1 hour, 40 minutes: Finding Nemo, Toy Story 4
1 hour, 37 minutes: WALL-E
1 hour, 36 minutes: A Bug's Life
1 hour, 35 minutes: The Princess and the Frog
1 hour, 34 minutes: Meet the Robinsons
1 hour, 32 minutes: Toy Story 2
1 hour, 25 minutes: Brother Bear
1 hour, 23 minutes: The Fox and the Hound
1 hour, 21 minutes: Chicken Little
1 hour, 20 minutes: The Great Mouse DetectiveToy Story
1 hour, 19 minutes: The Emperor's New Groove
1 hour, 18 minutes: The Jungle Book, The AristoCats
1 hour, 16 minutes: The Rescuers
1 hour, 15 minutes: Fantasia 2000
1 hour, 14 minutes: The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh
1 hour, 12 minutes: Oliver & Company
1 hour, 9 minutes: Winnie the Pooh
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Grade A
_
* A+:
• The Little Mermaid (November 17, 1989)
• Beauty and the Beast 3D (January 13, 2012)
• The Lion King 3D (September 16, 2011)
• Tinker Bell collection (October 28, 2008—March 3, 2015)
• Frozen Ever After / Walt Disney World vacation (June 21, 2016; July 21—28, 2016)
• Anna and Elsa's Childhood (June 21, 2016—present)
_
* A:
• Finding Nemo 3D (May 30, 2003 / September 14, 2012)
• WALL-E (June 27, 2008)
• Toy Story 3 (June 18, 2010)
• Monsters University (June 21, 2013) (based on the C grade)
• Coco (November 22, 2017)
• Incredibles 2 (June 15, 2018)
_
* A–:
• The Incredibles (November 5, 2004)
• Ratatouille (June 29, 2007)
• Enchanted (November 21, 2007) (based on the B– grade)
• Inside Out (June 19, 2015)
• Zootopia (March 4, 2016)
• Frozen II (November 22, 2019) (the childhood sister bond and "Into the Unknown" musical number only)
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PG-rated
_
1 hour, 58 minutes: Incredibles 2
1 hour, 55 minutes: The Incredibles
1 hour, 49 minutes: Coco
1 hour, 48 minutes: Enchanted (live-action world only), Zootopia
1 hour, 47 minutes: Moana
1 hour, 43 minutes: Finding DoryFrozen II (Anna and Elsa's adulthood), Onward
1 hour, 41 minutes: Tangled
1 hour, 40 minutes: SoulTurning Red
1 hour, 38 minutes: Luca
1 hour, 36 minutes: BoltUp
1 hour, 35 minutes: Atlantis: The Lost EmpireTreasure PlanetInside Out
1 hour, 33 minutes: Brave
1 hour, 32 minutes: The Good Dinosaur
1 hour, 25 minutes: Lilo & Stitch
1 hour, 15 minutes: The Nightmare Before ChristmasHome on the Range
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Grade B
_
* B+:
• Cars (June 9, 2006)
• Up (May 29, 2009)
• The Princess and the Frog (December 11, 2009)
• Tangled (November 24, 2010)
• Brave (June 22, 2012) (based on the C+ grade)
• Cars 3 (June 16, 2017) (based on the D+ grade)
• Frozen II (November 22, 2019) (the adult sister bond only)
_
* B:
• The Simpsons Movie (July 27, 2007)
• Cars 2 (June 24, 2011)
• Rise of the Guardians (November 21, 2012)
• Planes: Fire & Rescue (July 18, 2014)
• The Good Dinosaur (November 25, 2015)
• Finding Dory (June 17, 2016)
_
* B–:
• Bolt (November 21, 2008)
• Moana (November 23, 2016) (based on the B+ grade)
• Frozen II (November 22, 2019) (the ending only)
• Onward (March 6, 2020) (based on the B+ grade)
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2 hours, 1 minute: Disenchanted
1 hour, 52 minutes: Ralph Breaks the Internet
1 hour, 48 minutes: Raya and the Last Dragon
1 hour, 45 minutes: Strange World
1 hour, 42 minutes: FrozenBig Hero 6
1 hour, 41 minutes: Wreck-It Ralph, Elemental
1 hour, 40 minutes: Lightyear
1 hour, 39 minutes: Encanto
1 hour, 32 minutes: Monsters, Inc., Wish
1 hour, 23 minutes: Robin Hood
1 hour, 20 minutes: The Black Cauldron
1 hour, 14 minutes: The Rescuers Down Under
1 hour, 4 minutes: Dumbo
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Grade C
_
* C+:
• Frozen (November 27, 2013) (based on the B+ grade)
• Beauty and the Beast (March 17, 2017)
_
* C:
• Lightyear (June 17, 2022) (based on Keke Palmer's performance)
_
* C–:
• Planes (August 9, 2013)
• Big Hero 6 (November 7, 2014) (based on the B– grade)
• Frozen II (November 22, 2019) (the darker climax only, especially if Elsa and Olaf are dead and their home Arendelle will be washed away in torrents after Anna screamed a wake-up call twice to the Earth Giants who bring destruction to the dam)
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Grade D
_
* D:
• Monsters, Inc. 3D (November 2, 2001 / December 19, 2012) (based on the B grade)
• Wreck-It Ralph (November 2, 2012) (based on the B grade)
_
* D+:
• Ralph Breaks the Internet (November 21, 2018) (based on the B+ grade)
• Encanto (November 24, 2021) (based on the B+ grade)
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Not Reviewed and Watched
*Not Reviewed and Watched
• Raya and the Last Dragon (March 5, 2021) (based on the A- grade)
• Strange World (November 23, 2022)
• Elemental (June 16, 2023)
• Wish (November 22, 2023)
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The Disney Legends Awards is a Hall of Fame program that recognizes individuals who have made an extraordinary and integral contribution to The Walt Disney Company. Established in 1987, the honor was traditionally awarded annually during a special private ceremony. Today, it has been awarded biennially during Disney's D23 Expo since 2009.
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Criteria
Recipients are chosen by a selection committee, formerly appointed and chaired by Disney Legend Roy E. Disney, Walt Disney's nephew, former vice chairman and director emeritus of The Walt Disney Company. The committee consists of long-time Disney executives, historians, and other authorities. Besides the award statuette itself, each honoree is represented by a bronze commemorative plaque featuring the recipients' handprints and signature if they were living when inducted, or simply an image of the statuette emblem if the induction was posthumous. The plaques are placed on display in Legends Plaza at the Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, California, across from the Michael D. Eisner Building.
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The award
Imagineer Andrea Favilli created the Disney Legends award, which is handcrafted from bronze each year. The award depicts the arm of Mickey Mouse holding a star-tipped wand.
Disney describes the award as follows:

The Disney Legends award has three distinct elements that characterize the contributions made by each talented recipient.
The Spiral ... stands for imagination, the power of an idea.
The Hand ... holds the gifts of skill, discipline and craftsmanship.
The Wand and the Star ... represent magic: the spark that is ignited when imagination and skill combine to create a new dream.

The first Disney Legends committee consisted of Dave Smith†; Arlene Ludwig; Marty Sklar†, Randy Bright*; Jack Lindquist†; Sharon Harwood; Art Levitt; Shelley Miles; Paula Sigman; Doris Smith; and Stacia Martin.
In 2017 Kermit the Frog Muppeteer Steve Whitmire alleged that the company offered him "consolation prizes" including the Disney Legends award in return for keeping quiet about the details surrounding his termination.
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_
October 13, 1987: Fred MacMurray†.
July 19, 1989: Ub Iwerks*, Les Clark*, Marc Davis†, Ollie Johnston†, Milt Kahl*, Ward Kimball†, Eric Larson*, John Lounsbery*, Wolfgang "Woolie" Reitherman*, Frank Thomas†.
October 18, 1990: Roger Broggie†, Joe Fowler†, John Hench†, Richard Irvine*, Herb Ryman*, the Sherman Brothers†.
October 22, 1991: Ken Anderson†, Julie Andrews, Carl Barks†, Mary Blair*, Claude Coats†, Don DaGradi*, Sterling Holloway†, Fess Parker†, Bill Walsh*.
October 21, 1992: Jimmie Dodd*, Bill Evans†, Annette Funicello†, Joe Grant†, Jack Hannah†, Winston Hibler*, Ken O'Connor†, Roy Williams*.
October 20, 1993: Pinto Colvig*, Buddy Ebsen†, Peter Ellenshaw†, Blaine Gibson†, Harper Goff*, Irving Ludwig†, Jimmy Macdonald*, Clarence Nash*, Donn Tatum*, Card Walker†.
November 22, 1994: Adriana Caselotti†, Bill Cottrell†, Marvin Davis†, Van France†, David Hand*, Jack Lindquist†, Bill Martin†, Paul J. Smith*, Frank Wells*.
November 30, 1995: Wally Boag†, Fulton Burley†, Dean Jones†, Angela Lansbury†, Edward Meck*, Fred Moore*, Thurl Ravenscroft†, Wathel Rogers†, Betty Taylor†.
October 16, 1996 : Bob Allen*, Rex Allen†, X Atencio†, Betty Lou Gerson†, Bill Justice†, Bob Matheison†, Sam McKim†, Bob Moore†, Bill Peet†, Joe Potter*.
April 11, 1997: Lucien Adès*, Angel Angelopoulos*, Antonio Bertini, Armand Bigle†, Poul Brahe Pedersen*, Gaudenzio Capelli, Roberto de Leonardis*, Cyril Edgar*, Wally Feignoux*, Didier Fouret, Mario Gentilini*, Cyril James*, Horst Koblischek†, Gunnar Mansson†, Arnoldo Mondadori*, Armand Palivoda*, Poul Brahe Pedersen*, André Vanneste*, Paul Winkler*.
October 16, 1998: James Algar*, Buddy Baker†, Kathryn Beaumont, Virginia Davis†, Roy E. Disney†, Don Escen†, Wilfred Jackson*, Glynis Johns†, Kay Kamen*, Paul Kenworthy†, Larry Lansburgh†, Hayley Mills, Al and Elma Milotte*, Norman "Stormy" Palmer†, Lloyd Richardson†, Kurt Russell, Ben Sharpsteen*, Masatomo Takahashi†, Vladimir "Bill" Tytla*, Dick Van Dyke, Matsuo Yokoyama.
November 10, 1999: Tim Allen, Mary Costa, Norm Ferguson*, William Garity*, Yale Gracey*, Al Konetzni†, Hamilton Luske*, Dick Nunis†, Charlie Ridgway†.
October 12, 2000: Grace Bailey*, Harriet Burns†, Joyce Carlson†, Ron Dominguez†, Cliff Edwards*, Becky Fallberg†, Dick Jones†, Dodie Roberts†, Retta Scott*, Ruthie Tompson†.
December 5, 2001: Howard Ashman*, Bob Broughton†, George Bruns*, Frank Churchill*, Leigh Harline*, Fred Joerger†, Alan Menken, Marty Sklar†, Ned Washington*, Tyrus Wong†.
March 15, 2002: Ken Annakin†, Hugh Attwooll*, Maurice Chevalier*, Phil Collins, John Mills†, Robert Newton*, Sir Tim Rice, Robert Stevenson*, Richard Todd†, David Tomlinson*.
October 16, 2003: Neil Beckett*, Tutti Camarata†, Edna Disney*, Lillian Disney*, Orlando Ferrante, Richard Fleischer†, Floyd Gottfredson*, Buddy Hackett*, Harrison Price†, Al Taliaferro*, Ilene Woods†.
September 17, 2004: Bill Anderson*, Tim Conway†, Rolly Crump†, Alice Davis†, Karen Dotrice, Matthew Garber*, Leonard Goldenson*, Bob Gurr, Ralph Kent†, Irwin Kostal*, Mel Shaw†.
September 20, 2005: Chuck Abbott*, Milt Albright†, Hideo Amemiya*, Hideo "Indian" Aramaki*, Charles "Chuck" Boyajian*, Charles Boyer†, Randy Bright*, Jim Cora†, Bob Jani*, Mary Jones†, Art Linkletter†, Mary Anne Mang, Steve Martin, Tom Nabbe, Jack Olsen*, Cicely Rigdon†, William Sullivan†, Jack Wagner*, Vesey Walker*.
October 9, 2006: Tim Considine†, Kevin Corcoran†, Al Dempster*, Don Edgren†, Paul Frees*, Peter Jennings*, Elton John, Jimmy Johnson*, Tommy Kirk†, Joe Ranft*, David Stollery, Ginny Tyler†.
October 10, 2007: Roone Arledge*, Art Babbitt*, Carl Bongirno†, Marge Champion†, Dick Huemer*, Ron Logan†, Lucille Martin†, Tom Murphy†, Randy Newman, Floyd Norman, Bob Schiffer*, Dave Smith†.
October 13, 2008: Wayne Allwine†, Bob Booth†, Neil Gallagher*, Frank Gifford†, Toshio Kagami, Burny Mattinson†, Walt Peregoy†, Dorothea Redmond†, Russi Taylor†, Oliver Wallace*, Barbara Walters†.
September 10, 2009: Tony Anselmo, Harry Archinal†, Bea Arthur*, Bill Farmer, Estelle Getty*, Don Iwerks, Rue McClanahan†, Leota Toombs Thomas*, Betty White†, Robin Williams†.
August 19, 2011: Jodi Benson, Barton "Bo" Boyd*, Jim Henson*, Linda Larkin, Paige O'Hara, Regis Philbin†, Anika Noni Rose, Lea Salonga, Ray Watson†, Guy Williams*, Bonita Wrather*, Jack Wrather*.
August 10, 2013: Tony Baxter, Collin Campbell*, Dick Clark*, Billy Crystal, John Goodman, Steve Jobs*, Glen Keane, Ed Wynn*.
August 14, 2015: George Bodenheimer, Andreas Deja, Johnny Depp, Eyvind Earle*, Danny Elfman, George Lucas, Susan Lucci, Julie Reihm Casaletto, Carson Van Osten†.
July 14, 2017: Carrie Fisher*, Clyde Geronimi*, Whoopi Goldberg, Manuel Gonzales*, Mark Hamill, Wayne Jackson, Jack Kirby*, Stan Lee†, Garry Marshall*, Julie Taymor, Oprah Winfrey.
August 23, 2019: Christina Aguilera, Wing Chao, Robert Downey Jr., Jon Favreau, James Earl Jones†, Bette Midler, Kenny Ortega, Barnette Ricci, Robin Roberts, Diane Sawyer, Ming-Na Wen, Hans Zimmer.
September 9, 2022: Anthony Anderson, Kristen Bell, Chadwick Boseman*, Rob't Coltrin, Patrick Dempsey, Robert Price "Bob" Foster*, Josh Gad, Jonathan Groff, Don Hahn, Doris Hardoon, Idina Menzel, Chris Montan, Ellen Pompeo, Tracee Ellis Ross.
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Legends in 2016–2017 (the people (including the collaborators from Mickey's PhilharMagic) whose some of them helped the voice cast and musicians for Secret of the Wings think big to launch one of the remaining soundtracks in the Tinker Bell series by October of 2017)
September 7, 2016: Richard Sherman† (age 88)
October 7, 2016: Hayley Mills (age 70)
October 21, 2016: Bob Gurr (age 84), Jim Cora† (age 79).
November 5, 2016: Burny Mattinson† (age 81), Ruthie Tompson† (age 106), Andreas Deja (age 59), Glen Keane (age 62).
November 10, 2016: Karen Dotrice (age 60), David Stollery (age 75), Regis Philbin† (age 85).
November 11, 2016: Toshio Kagami (age 80)
November 15, 2016: Tom Murphy† (age 91), George Bodenheimer (age 58), Susan Lucci (age 69), Linda Larkin (age 46).
November 17, 2016Carl Bongirno† (age 79), Marty Sklar† (age 82), Orlando Ferrante (age 84), Don Iwerks (age 87).
• Bill Farmer (age 64), Kathryn Beaumont (age 78), Tony Anselmo (age 56).
November 18, 2016: Charlie Ridgway† (age 93), William Sullivan† (age 80).
November 20, 2016: Dick Nunis† (age 84), Ron Logan† (age 78), Bob Matheison† (age 82), Tom Nabbe.
December 15, 2016: Dick van Dyke (age 91)
December 27, 2016: Lea Salonga (age 45)
January 18, 2017: Kurt Russell (age 65)
January 19, 2017: Marge Champion† (age 97), Floyd Norman (age 81), Tony Baxter (age 69).
February 6, 2017: Paige O'Hara (age 60)
February 28, 2017: Tim Allen (age 63)
• Russi Taylor† (age 72)
April 19, 2017: Anika Noni Rose (age 44)
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Legends as of October 17, 2017 (the date of the release of the Secret of the Wings soundtrack)
_
45Anika Noni Rose
46: Lea Salonga
47: Linda Larkin
57Tony Anselmo
59: George Bodenheimer
60: Andreas Deja
61: Karen Dotrice, Paige O'Hara
63: Glen Keane
64Bill Farmer, Tim Allen
66: Kurt Russell
70Susan Lucci, Tony Baxter
71: Hayley Mills
73: Russi Taylor†
76: David Stollery
79: Kathryn Beaumont, Ron Logan†
80: Jim Cora†, Carl Bongirno†
81: William Sullivan†, Toshio Kagami
82: Burny Mattinson†, Floyd Norman
83: Bob Matheison†
85: Bob Gurr, Orlando Ferrante, Dick Nunis†
86: Regis Philbin†
88Don Iwerks
89: Richard Sherman†
91: Dick van Dyke
92Tom Murphy†
98: Marge Champion†
107: Ruthie Tompson†
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The First: Fred MacMurray (1908–1991)
Film • 1987
On October 13, 1987, Fred MacMurray, accompanied by his wife, June Haver (and the Shaggy Dog), arrived at The Walt Disney Studios lot in a 1915 Model T to receive the first Disney Legends Award. It was a fitting way for the beloved actor to make his appearance on the lot; after all he was, and still is, beloved by Disney fans the world over for his iconic performance as Professor Ned Brainard in the 1961 film The Absent-Minded Professor, in which he flew a "Flubberized" Model T of the same vintage.
MacMurray enjoyed a prolific film career, starring in such classic films as Double Indemnity (1944), The Caine Mutiny (1954), and The Apartment (1960). But it was his work at The Walt Disney Studios that made him one of the biggest stars in family entertainment, appearing in such timeless Disney films as The Shaggy Dog (1959), The Absent-Minded Professor (1961), Son of Flubber (1963), Follow Me, Boys! (1966), and The Happiest Millionaire (1967).
The inaugural ceremony was held at what was formerly known as the "Disney Legends Promenade; a section of the sidewalk found in front of the Studio Theatre originally intended to display the handprints and signatures of all Disney Legends. Eventually, that space was outgrown and, on October 18, 1998, the new Legends Plaza was dedicated to honor all Disney Legends. The Disney Legends Award is the Company's highest honor.
"We chose to establish (the Disney Legends program) on the Studio lot to share our rich past with the employees who will be part of our company's future," said Disney's then-Chief Executive Officer Michael Eisner. "Fred MacMurray is the epitome of what we hope the Disney Legends Promenade will come to represent."
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Making an Entrance: 2024 Disney Legends
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Colleen Atwood
Costume Design
For Colleen Atwood, designing costumes for movies both fantastical and fabulous is like creating her own Wonderland. This prolific costume designer has been nominated for an Academy Award® a dozen times and has won four Oscars, including for her visually evocative work in Alice in Wonderland (2010).
Born in Ellensburgh, Washington, Colleen briefly studied painting at Cornish College of the Arts in Seattle. Working in high fashion retail at designer boutiques, her strong sense of visual style enabled her start as a fashion advisor. Through that world, Colleen was offered an unexpected opportunity to be a production assistant in the art department on Ragtime (1981). In New York, she was fortunate enough to align with many filmmakers such as Jonathan Demme, Michael Apted, and Michael Mann.
Colleen was then introduced to filmmaker Tim Burton—and soon would be Burton's "go to" costume designer. Their first film together, Edward Scissorhands, was the first of 12 Burton movies she designed costumes for, including Disney's live-action reimagining of Alice in Wonderland (2010) and Dumbo (2019). The upcoming Beetlejuice Beetlejuice (2024) will mark the creative duo's 13th collaboration.
For the over 50 films and TV series she's costumed, many of them center on visually stunning imaginary environments that call for a lot of world-building. It's Colleen's ability to cross and blend genres in her approach to character costuming that has enabled her work in such fantastic films as Planet of the Apes (2001), Into the Woods (2014), Alice Through the Looking Glass (2016), Lady and the Tramp (2019), and The Little Mermaid (2023).
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Angela Bassett
Film & Television
It takes a strong woman to portray a strong female character, and Angela Bassett fits the bill. From her breakout role as single mother Reva Devereaux in John Singleton's Boyz n the Hood (1991), to her portrayal of fierce Queen Ramonda of Wakanda in Marvel's Black Panther films, Angela's unmistakable voice, signature delivery, and grand presence command immediate attention.
Born in New York City, Angela lived in North Carolina until the age of four, when her family moved to St. Petersburg, Florida. The first Black student attending Boca Ciega High School to be admitted to the National Honors Society, Angela went on to Yale, where she earned a Bachelor of Fine Arts in African American Studies in 1980 and a Master of Fine Arts from the Yale School of Drama in 1983. In 1988, she moved to Los Angeles.
Angela has portrayed many real-life characters, including Coretta Scott King and Rosa Parks, but it was her powerful portrayal of Tina Turner in Touchstone's What's Love Got to Do with It (1993) that earned her numerous accolades, including an Academy Award® nomination and a Golden Globe® for Best Actress, making her the first Black performer to win this category. She received two Emmy nominations for outstanding narrator for National Geographic's The Flood (2018) and the Disney+ docuseries The Imagineering Story (2019), and was nominated for her second Academy Award, this time in the Best Supporting Actress category, for the role of Queen Ramonda in Black Panther: Wakanda Forever (2022). She is also the star and executive producer of the hit ABC drama 9-1-1; voiced Dorothea Williams in Disney and Pixar's Oscar-winning animated feature Soul (2020); and received an Honorary Academy Award in 2024.
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Martha Blanding
Parks & Resorts
Martha Blanding helped put the "happy" in The Happiest Place on Earth. As the first-ever full-time Black Tour Guide, Martha personified the philosophy of creating happiness for others while embodying the principles of hospitality and courtesy Walt Disney sought to establish for Disneyland cast members.
A proud native of South Central Los Angeles, Martha was studying to become a teacher when she decided to take a chance working at Disneyland in 1971. Hired as a Tour Guide, she quickly attained full-time status and, within a year, climbed the ladder to become a VIP Hostess—touring such notables as Diana Ross, Elton John (who would later become a Disney Legend), Olivia Newton-John, Cary Grant, and Cher, plus domestic and international government officials, including a delegation from the USSR.
Martha later became the first-ever Black female in management at Disneyland (and one of the first Black management members at The Walt Disney Company), as an expert merchandise, candy, and film buyer for nine years, and eventually as the senior manager of Disneyland Resort Merchandise Special Events. In this role, she worked with world-renowned artisans, celebrities, and Disney Legends. She also became a pioneering producer of the Official Disneyana Convention, a forerunner of today's D23: The Ultimate Disney Fan Event. 
A co-founder of PULSE, an employee resource group for Black cast members, Martha routinely served as a trusted mentor to fellow employees. Adding to her many "firsts" during her groundbreaking career before retiring in 2022, Martha also became the first Black employee to commemorate 50 years with The Walt Disney Company—and now she becomes the first Black Disney Parks employee designated a Disney Legend.
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James L. Brooks
Television
Acclaimed for character-driven, writer-centric projects that deftly combine comedy and poignancy—such as 20th Century's Broadcast News (1987)—James L. Brooks is a TV and film icon responsible for some of the most beloved entertainment projects of all time. Jim made one of the most impressive directorial debuts in film history with Terms of Endearment (1983), for which the multi-hyphenate took home three Oscars® for writing, producing, and directing.
Growing up in New Jersey, Jim's career trajectory kicked-off as a writer for CBS News in New York. When he moved to Los Angeles in 1965, a chance meeting with established writer Allan Burns led to his writing for television comedies—and before long, he created the groundbreaking ABC series Room 222 in 1969 and Taxi in 1978.
In 1986, Jim founded his production company, Gracie Films, where he and his team are trailblazers in the world of television. At Jim's invitation, Matt Groening created animated interstitials for the company's The Tracey Ullman Show featuring a dysfunctional family that led to a full-fledged animated series—the first since the 1960s: The Simpsons, in 1989. The longest-running primetime scripted show in television history, The Simpsons quickly exploded into a cultural phenomenon.
Currently in its 35th season, The Simpsons has won 37 Emmy® Awards. Jim also co-produced and co-wrote The Simpsons Movie in 2007. He continues to serve as executive producer of the misadventures of the animated citizens of Springfield, and maintains that the series has not outlived its popularity—especially now with it streaming on Disney+. He's currently working on his next feature film for 20th Century Studios, Ella McCay.
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James Cameron
Film
James Cameron is an acclaimed filmmaker, ocean explorer, and environmental advocate. As director, writer, and producer, he's responsible for some of the world's most memorable films—including The Terminator (1984), Aliens (1986), The Abyss (1989), Titanic (1997), Avatar (2009), and Avatar: The Way of Water (2022), the latter three being among the four highest-grossing films of all time. Titanic alone won 11 Oscars®, including James' for Best Picture, Best Director, and Best Editing. He is currently in post-production on Avatar 3, and in pre-production on Avatar 4 and 5.
Teaming up with Walt Disney Imagineering in 2011, he helped to steer the creation of an Avatar-inspired area of Disney's Animal Kingdom Theme Park at Walt Disney World Resort in Florida. The result, Pandora – The World of Avatar, is an area which immerses guests in an interactive environment that brings the world of the film series to life, and features the popular attractions Avatar Flight of Passage and Na'vi River Journey.
Under his Earthship Productions banner, James has produced 12 documentaries, including six about Titanic, as well as three other deep ocean exploration films—most in partnership with National Geographic. He executive produces National Geographic's Secrets series, including the Emmy® Award-winning Secrets of the Whales and Emmy-nominated Secrets of the Elephants, with Octopus launching on Earth Day 2024. He also executive produced the OceanXplorers series, due in fall 2024 from National Geographic.
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Jamie Lee Curtis
Film
Born in Santa Monica, California, to Hollywood power couple Janet Leigh and Tony Curtis, Jamie Lee Curtis excelled as a performer early on—winning people over with her exuberant personality. Originally planning to major in law enforcement, an acting manager suggested Jamie Lee try auditioning. To her surprise, she was signed to a contract at Universal, one of the last performers to be so engaged. She was later cast as iconic "Scream Queen" Laurie Strode in John Carpenter's thrilling classic Halloween (1978), establishing her trajectory as a bona fide movie star.
The Oscar® winner has demonstrated her versatility with a variety of captivating roles over her career, including suburban housewife-turned-international-spy Helen Tasker in True Lies (1994), and no-nonsense mom Tess Coleman in Disney's remake of the classic body-swap comedy Freaky Friday (2003). In 2023, Jamie Lee returned to both Disney and the macabre genre to portray the legendary Madame Leota in Haunted Mansion, inspired by the classic Disneyland theme park attraction. The author of 13 best-selling books, all exploring core childhood issues, she is also the founder and CEO of My Hand In Yours™—a charitable organization that offers comfort and celebratory gifts where 100% of every sale is donated directly to Children's Hospital Los Angeles.
For her many performances, Jamie Lee has received a British Academy Film Award, two Golden Globes®, and nominations for a Primetime Emmy® and a Grammy®. Most recently, she won an Academy Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role for Everything Everywhere All at Once (2022).
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Miley Cyrus
Music & Television
Miley Cyrus is an award-winning superstar singer, songwriter, and actress, who first rose to fame as a Disney Channel sensation.
Miley started her acting career at 8 years old—and at 13, she auditioned for the Disney Channel series Hannah Montana. The series premiered in March 2006 to the largest audience for a Disney Channel Original Series, drawing an average of 4.4 million viewers per episode. A 2007 episode of the series still ranks as the highest-rated basic cable series telecast ever, with 10.7 million total viewers.
She embarked on her wildly popular "Best of Both Worlds Tour" in 2007, and in 2008, she voiced the character of Penny in Walt Disney Animation Studios' feature Bolt. For the film, Miley earned a Golden Globe® Award nomination for Best Original Song ("I Thought I Lost You"). The following year, she would take center stage once again as the lead in Hannah Montana: The Movie, which included the hit song "The Climb."
2023 saw the release of Miley's new album, Endless Summer Vacation, which inspired the documentary concert special Endless Summer Vacation (Backyard Sessions), airing on Disney+. At the 66th Annual Grammy® Awards in 2024, Miley was honored with her first-ever wins for Record of the Year and Best Pop Solo Performance. At just 31 years old, Miley is now the youngest honoree ever to be named a Disney Legend.
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Steve Ditko (1927–2018)
Publishing
Originally hailing from Johnstown, Pennsylvania, Steve Ditko's love for comics began at a young age. After serving in the U.S. Army, where he drew comics for the Army newsletter, one of his idols, Batman artist Jerry Robinson, became his mentor. By the early 1950s, Steve's first work appeared in print, and shortly thereafter he made his way to Atlas Comics—the precursor of Marvel Comics.
The artist would quickly leave his mark, leading Stan Lee to rechristen Amazing Adventures as Amazing Adult Fantasy (later Amazing Fantasy) to showcase Steve's talents. In 1962, that collaboration led to one of the most popular comic book characters of all time. The introduction of Spider-Man in Amazing Fantasy #15 stands as one of the landmarks of both Steve's career and Marvel history.
Steve went on to co-create most of Spider-Man's now-infamous rogues' gallery and re-envisioned many of Marvel's iconic characters to what we know today. He redesigned Iron Man's armor into the popular red-and-gold design, and in the Hulk comics, he codified Bruce Banner's transformations to be a function of his anger. It is perhaps with Doctor Strange, Master of the Mystic Arts, that Steve truly expressed his visionary impulses—the early stories in Strange Tales could only have come from the mind of Steve Ditko. He left Marvel to pursue other work in 1966 but returned in 1979. In the 1990s, Steve helped to co-create all-new characters, including Speedball and Squirrel Girl.
One of the greatest artist-writer talents in comic book history, Steve's imagination and creative vision changed the comics industry and super hero storytelling forever.
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Harrison Ford
Film
Harrison Ford has portrayed some of the most iconic action heroes to ever burn up the big screen. After appearing in a small but impressive role in American Graffiti (1973), directed by fellow Disney Legend George Lucas, Harrison proved to be perfect for the role of Han Solo, cynical smuggler and captain of the Millennium Falcon in Star Wars: A New Hope (1977). He would go on to portray Han in all three episodes of the original Star Wars trilogy. Harrison also stars as the titular character in the blockbuster Indiana Jones films.
Over his decades-long career, Harrison has been widely honored for his many contributions to the film industry, including the British Academy of Film and Television Arts' Albert R. Broccoli Britannia Award, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association's Cecil B. DeMille Award, the American Film Institute's Lifetime Achievement Award, and in 2023 was the recipient of an honorary Palme d'Or from the Cannes Film Festival.
Some of his most notable film credits include an Oscar®-nominated performance in Witness (1985), along with Blade Runner (1982), 20th Century's Working Girl (1988), Presumed Innocent (1990), Patriot Games (1992), The Fugitive (1993), Clear and Present Danger (1994), Sabrina (1995), Air Force One (1997), Touchstone Pictures' Six Days, Seven Nights (1998), What Lies Beneath (2000), Morning Glory (2010), 42 (2013), Blade Runner 2049 (2017), and 20th Century Studios' The Call of the Wild (2020). Harrison also stars in the hit television shows 1923 and Shrinking.
More recently, Harrison returned to a couple of his most celebrated roles. For the fourth time in the film series, he portrayed Han Solo in Star Wars: The Force Awakens (2015), and once again donned Indy's fedora in the fifth Indiana Jones installment, Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny (2023). Harrison will also appear as President Thaddeus "Thunderbolt" Ross in the Marvel Studios live-action adventure Captain America: Brave New World, to be released in 2025.
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Mark Henn
Animation
Mark Henn joined Walt Disney Animation Studios in 1980, where he became an assistant animator on The Fox and the Hound (1981). His first major assignment was animating Disney's most beloved character, Mickey Mouse, in Mickey's Christmas Carol (1983)—Mickey's first big-screen appearance in 30 years.
Mark would go on to serve as the supervising animator for five female leads, more than any one artist in the history of the studio: Ariel (supervised with fellow Disney Legend Glen Keane), Belle (supervised with James Baxter), Jasmine, Mulan, and Tiana. He also animated Simba from The Lion King (1994), the title character in Pocahontas (1995), and Giselle from Enchanted (2007). Most recently, Mark has helped a whole new generation of Disney animators bring "the illusion of life" to character animation in CG features such as Ralph Breaks the Internet (2018). He was lead 2D animator on Big Hero 6 (2014) and Frozen (2013), and served as a 2D animator for "Mini Maui" in Moana (2016). In 2000, Mark brought his vast animation experience to directing with the acclaimed short, John Henry.
In 2013, he received the prestigious Winsor McCay Award for lifetime achievement, ASIFA's highest award in animation. And in 2018, befitting his longtime association with Mickey Mouse, Mark was commissioned to paint Mickey's official portrait for the character's 90th anniversary. From Mickey and a little mermaid to Mini Maui, the enchantment of Disney animation is personal for this animator.
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Frank Oz
Film & Television
Creator. Director. Producer. Performer. Writer. Actor. Icon. Superlatives all that describe the one and only Frank Oz.
As a respected director, Frank has helmed more than a dozen films—including co-directing The Dark Crystal (1982) with Jim Henson, The Muppets Take Manhattan (1984), Little Shop of Horrors (1986), Dirty Rotten Scoundrels (1988), Touchstone Pictures' What About Bob? (1991), In & Out (1997), Bowfinger (1999), The Score (2001), Death at a Funeral (2007), Muppet Guys Talking (2017), and others, as well as the 2021 Hulu presentation of the long-running Off-Broadway hit he also directed, Derek Del Gaudio's In & Of Itself.
A four-time Emmy® winner, Frank is the recipient of The Art Director's Guild Contribution to Cinematic Imagery Award, The Comedy Awards' Creative Achievement Award, The Saturn Lifetime Achievement Award, two George Foster Peabody Awards, three Gold Records, two Platinum Records, and a host of other accolades and honors.
He originated and performed the characters of Grover, Bert, and Cookie Monster for Sesame Street, along with Miss Piggy, Fozzie, Sam Eagle, and Animal for The Muppet Show, performing in hundreds of television shows and specials with The Muppets—including the memorable Muppet*Vision 3D for Disney Parks.
Frank also originated and performed the character of Yoda for George Lucas' Star Wars galaxy, first in The Empire Strikes Back (1980) and followed by Return of the Jedi (1983), The Phantom Menace (1999), Attack of the Clones (2002), Revenge of the Sith (2005), The Last Jedi (2017), and The Rise of Skywalker (2019).
He's also acted in several live-action movies, from The Blues Brothers (1980) to Knives Out (2019), and has voiced characters in Disney and Pixar's Monsters, Inc. (2001), Inside Out (2015), and Inside Out 2 (2024).
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Kelly Ripa
Television
Kelly Ripa is one of the most powerful voices in media, with a diverse body of work both on and off camera. With a career at ABC spanning over 30 years, Kelly has welcomed viewers with her sharp wit every morning as co-host and executive producer of the nationally syndicated show Live.
Beginning her career in entertainment as an actress, Kelly has starred in numerous celebrated television series—appearing on such shows as the soap opera All My Children and the sitcom Hope & Faith.
Kelly and her husband Mark Consuelos ventured into the development side of entertainment when they began their production company, Milojo Productions. Milojo produces content across multiple platforms, producing the Emmy®-nominated documentary The Streak for ESPN and the critically acclaimed documentary Off The Rez for TLC.
She's earned numerous accolades over the years, including multiple Daytime Emmy® Awards, the prestigious Excellence in Media Award from GLAAD and Glamour's Woman of the Year Award. She was also recognized by The Hollywood Reporter as part of the Women in Entertainment Power 100 list, as well as the publication's 35 Most Powerful People in Media.
In September 2022, Kelly added New York Times best-selling author to her resume, when her collection Live Wire: Long-Winded Short Stories was published. Additionally, she recently launched the second season of her own podcast titled Let's Talk Off Camera with Kelly Ripa. She lives in New York City with Mark Consuelos, and together the couple have three children.
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Joe Rohde
Imagineering
Retiring in 2021 as a portfolio creative executive with 40 years at Walt Disney Imagineering, Joe Rohde was the overall creative executive and supervising designer for Disney's Animal Kingdom Theme Park, including later expansions such as Expedition Everest – Legend of the Forbidden Mountain and Pandora – The World of Avatar. Joe's other notable projects include The Adventurers Club (formerly a part of Pleasure Island at Walt Disney World); Aulani, A Disney Resort & Spa in Ko Olina, HawaiÊ»i; and Guardians of the Galaxy – Mission: BREAKOUT! at Disney's California Adventure Park. 
Joe grew up in Honolulu and the San Fernando Valley, creating art and theater sets, acting in school productions, and exploring film backlots with his cameraman father. He attended Occidental College, graduated with a major in studio art, and went to work as teacher—where at 25, he was recruited by Walt Disney Imagineering. His first assignment was as a model builder for the Mexico Pavilion at EPCOT.
Joe's big Imagineering break came with the development of a certain animal-focused theme park for the Walt Disney World Resort in Florida. Disney's Animal Kingdom Theme Park would prove to be a celebration of animals; a passionate argument for the coexistence of conservation and communities; and a recognition of the essential role that ecosystems play in our existence. Joe was also instrumental in creating the Disney Conservation Fund, which has disbursed over $125 million in grants to projects worldwide. He is well known for his intensive focus on the philosophy of narrative placemaking and experiential storytelling.
Joe now uses his art to raise funds for both international conservation and local community projects. In 2022 he received the Disney Conservation Fund's first Conservation Legacy Award, and he's appeared on numerous documentaries about Imagineering.
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John Williams
Music
The unforgettable music of John Williams is the soundtrack of our lives.
In a career spanning more than six decades, this most prolific of movie composers has created the music for more than 100 films—including all nine Star Wars saga films and all five Indiana Jones films. Born and raised in New York, John moved to Los Angeles with his family in 1948. Venturing back to the East Coast to attend The Julliard School, he later returned to Los Angeles to commence his career.
Early on, Williams composed the music for more than 200 television films and numerous TV series including Lost in Space for 20th Century Fox. John's artistic partnership with director Steven Spielberg, now in its 50th year, led to an introduction to fellow Disney Legend George Lucas and what became the biggest film phenomenon of its time, Star Wars (1977).
John has received five Academy Awards® and 54 Oscar® nominations—most recently for Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny (2023)—making him the Academy's most-nominated living person and the second-most-nominated person in the history of the Oscars... a number second only to Walt Disney. He has also received seven British Academy Awards (BAFTA), 26 Grammys®, four Golden Globes®, and five Emmys®, as well as the National Medal of Arts, the Kennedy Center Honors, and an honorary knighthood from Queen Elizabeth II.
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Hollywood Stars as Imaginary Disney Legends
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Amy Adams, Film (2024)
Actress Amy Adams Honored With Star On The Hollywood Walk Of Fame
Watch as the Hollywood Chamber honors Amy Adams with Walk of Fame Star below.
The Hollywood Chamber of Commerce proudly honored actress Amy Adams today with the 2,598th star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, Wednesday, January 11, 2017 at 11:30 a.m. The star in the category of Motion Pictures was dedicated at 6280 Hollywood Boulevard next to the W Hollywood Hotel.
Helping Emcee and Hollywood Chamber President/CEO Leron Gubler to unveil the star was actor and Adam's co-star in Arrival, Jeremy Renner.
The Hollywood Chamber of Commerce which administers the popular star ceremonies encourages people who are unable to attend and fans around the world to watch the event live exclusively on www.walkoffame.com.
Five-time Academy Award-nominated and two-time Golden Globe winning actress Amy Adams has built an impressive body of work, challenging herself with each new role.
Adams can currently be seen starring in Denis Villenueve's Arrival opposite Jeremy Renner and Forest Whitaker. Taking place after alien crafts land around the world, the film follows the story of an expert linguist (Adams), who is recruited by the military to determine whether the aliens come in peace or are a threat. Paramount Pictures released the film on November 11, 2016.
Adams can also currently be seen starring in Tom Ford's Nocturnal Animals, opposite Jake Gyllenhaal. The film, based on Austin Wright's 1993 novel "Tony and Susan" was released by Focus last November.
Adams was most recently seen in Batman V Superman: Dawn of Justice, the sequel to the highly successful Man of Steel which was released in 2013. She reprised her role of Lois Lane opposite Henry Cavill as Superman and Ben Affleck as Batman. The film was released by Warner Bros. on March 25, 2016.
Adams recently wrapped production on Justice League Part One in which she reprises her role as Lois Lane opposite Ben Affleck, Henry Cavill and Gal Gadot. Directed by Zack Snyder, the DC Comics film will be released by Warner Brothers in 2017.
Adams will next go into production on HBO's high-profile drama series Sharp Objects in which she will star and executive produce with Jean-Marc Vallée at the helm as director. Based on Gillian Flynn's New York Times Best Selling book by the same name, the series centers on a reporter (Adams) who confronts the psychological demons from her past when she returns to her hometown to cover a violent murder. The series will be released in 2017.
Adams has teamed with Maven Pictures' Trudie Styler and Celine Rattray to produce Object of Beauty, in which she is also set to star. The film is based on the novel by Steve Martin and follows a clever young art entrepreneur who climbs from gallery assistant to gallery owner.
Additional film credits include starring in Tim Burton's Big Eyes opposite Christoph Waltz. In this biographical drama, Adams plays Margaret Keane, and Waltz plays her husband Walter Keane. The film tells the real-life story of the iconic couple who found immense success marketing paintings of large eyed children back in the 1950s and '60s, with Walter taking the credit for his shy wife's creations. Adams won a Golden Globe for "Best Actress in a Motion Picture, Musical or Comedy" and earned a BAFTA nomination for the performance. The Weinstein Company released the film December 25, 2014.
Adams starred in David O. Russell's American Hustle opposite Christian Bale, Bradley Cooper and Jeremy Renner. The film was released December 18, 2013 by Columbia Pictures. Adams won a Golden Globe Award for "Best Actress in a Motion Picture, Musical or Comedy", a Critics' Choice Award for "Best Actress in a Comedy" and a SAG Award for "Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture" for her performance in the film. Adams' role also garnered her fifth Academy Awardnomination and BAFTA nomination. Adams was also recently seen in Spike Jonze's Her opposite Joaquin Phoenix which was released by Warner Bros. December 18, 2013.
Adams previously starred in Paul Thomas Anderson's The Master opposite Joaquin Phoenix and Philip Seymour Hoffman. The 1950s-set drama centers on the relationship between a charismatic intellectual known as "The Master" whose faith-based organization begins to catch on in America, and a young drifter who becomes his right-hand man. Adams plays Peggy Dodd, the wife of Philip Seymour Hoffman. Adams' role garnered her a Golden Globe and BAFTA nomination in addition to her fourth Academy Award nomination.
In summer of 2012, Adams played the "Baker's Wife" in Into the Woods as part of Shakespeare in the Park at the Delacorte.
Adams starred in David O. Russell's The Fighter opposite Mark Wahlberg and Christian Bale. Adams played Charlene, a tough, gritty bartender from Massachusetts who begins dating boxer "Irish" Micky Ward (Wahlberg). The film revolves around Ward and trainer-brother Dicky Eklund (Bale), chronicling their early days in Massachusetts, through Eklund's battle with drugs and Ward's eventual world championship in London. Adams' role garnered her Golden Globe, SAG and BAFTA nominations as well as her third Oscar nomination in five years. Adams also starred in Nora Ephron's Julie and Julia, reuniting with co-star Meryl Streep, having previously starred opposite Streep and Philip Seymour Hoffman in John Patrick Shanley's Oscar-nominated film Doubt which earned Adams her second Academy Award nomination.
Adams starred in Kevin Lima's Enchanted opposite Patrick Dempsey and Susan Sarandon. Enchanted is a romantic fable that mixes live action with CG animation for Disney. The film was released November 21, 2007 and grossed over $300-million worldwide and earned Adams a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actress.
It was Adams' role in Phil Morrison's Junebug in 2005 in which she earned her first Academy Award and SAG nominations. She won an Independent Spirit Award, Broadcast Film Critics Association Award, National Society of Film Critics Award, San Francisco Film Critics Society Award and the Breakthrough Gotham Award for her role. Adams also won the Special Jury Prize for Acting at the 2005 Sundance Film Festival for her role as the pregnant, childlike Ashley, who is awe-struck by the arrival of her glamorous sister-in-law.
Adams' other film credits include Robert Lorenz's Trouble with the Curve opposite Clint Eastwood; Walter Salle's adaptation of Jack Kerouac's seminal beat generation novel, On The Road; Disney's The Muppets opposite Jason Segal; Shawn Levy's Night At The Museum 2: Battle at The Smithsonian opposite Ben Stiller; Christine Jeffs and Karen Moncrieff's critically acclaimed film Sunshine Cleaning opposite Emily Blunt and Alan Arkin; Mike Nichols' Charlie Wilson's War opposite Tom Hanks, Julia Roberts and Phillip Seymour Hoffman; Bharat Nalluri's Miss Pettigrew Lives for a Day opposite Frances McDormand, and Steven Spielberg's Catch Me If You Can with Leonardo DiCaprio.
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Stephen Schwartz, Music (2024)
A Broadway composer who has also worked frequently in Hollywood, Stephen Schwartz has penned some of the most successful musicals of the American theater, including "Godspell," "Pippin" and "Wicked."
Schwartz was born and raised in New York where he studied at the Juilliard School of Music. After earning a degree from Carnegie Mellon University, he started working in musical theater, earning his first Broadway credit at age 21 for composing the title song for the play "Butterflies Are Free."
The '70s were a highly productive decade for Schwartz. "Pippin" opened on Broadway in 1972, garnering the composer his first Tony nomination for original score. (The production won Tonys for Bob Fosse's direction and choreography.) In 1974, "The Magic Show" bowed on Broadway, featuring music by Schwartz, and ran for more than four years.
"Godspell," Schwartz's musical based on parts of the New Testament, opened on Broadway in 1976 after a successful off-Broadway run. The show earned Schwartz a Tony nomination for original score.
His other stage credits include the musicals "Working" and "Rags," both of which bombed on Broadway.
The composer's film career took off with the 1995 Disney animated movie "Pocahontas," for which he won two Academy Awards for original song and score for a musical or comedy. He also won an original-song Oscar in 1999 for the DreamWorks animated film "The Prince of Egypt."
Schwartz's other film credits include "The Hunchback of Notre Dame" and "Enchanted," both of which earned him a combined total of four Oscar nominations.
"Wicked," which opened on Broadway at the George Gershwin Theater in 2003, represented Schwartz's big return to the stage. The musical, which is a prequel to "The Wizard of Oz," spawned a successful national tour while continuing to play in New York. Schwartz received a Tony nomination for his score to "Wicked" but lost again.
In 2009, the composer produced his first opera, "Seance on a Wet Afternoon," which premiered at Opera Santa Barbara.
Schwartz's son, Scott, is an theater director who works frequently with his father.
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In Memoriam (We salute the following Disney Legends and members at the Walt Disney Family Foundation who have passed away during Tinker Bell's absence from Pixie Hollow until its recognition (March 3, 2015 – June 6, 2024)
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A Suite Legacy
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October 7, 2016Hayley Mills (Film • 1998)
December 15, 2016Dick Van Dyke (Film • 1998)
December 27, 2016
Lea Salonga (Voice • 2011)
It's not every day that you get to watch Dick Van Dyke flash that infectious smile of his and stride with a dancer's elegance into Walt Disney's office suite at The Walt Disney Studios in Burbank—the place where Walt first played the music for Mary Poppins for him. For Mr. Van Dyke, walking with a little extra pep in his step came naturally to him whenever he was working with Walt or The Walt Disney Studios.
"From the first time I met Walt Disney, I was walking on air. Just to be a part of the whole Disney operation was an absolute thrill for me," he says.
Disney Legends Van Dyke, Hayley Mills, and Lea Salonga were only too happy to visit this fabled space—fully restored to its original splendor by the Walt Disney Archives in 2015—and to talk about how important it was to each of them to be honored as Disney Legends.
"When I was a young man, I had no idea of what I wanted to do when I grew up," Dick adds. "But I was such a fan of Disney. My favorite movie was always Pinocchio [breaks into singing 'Hi Diddle Dee Dee, an actor's life for me']. When I got to Disney, I felt I arrived where I belonged in the first place. You know, I was told that someone asked Walt's grandson who Walt's favorite person was. He said that I was. That made my life! I'm just glad that he thought as much of me as I thought of him."
Hayley Mills, who starred in such Disney classics as Pollyanna and The Parent Trap, says that as she's grown older, "I realize more and more the power of those films that I made with Disney when I was a child, and the enjoyment and pleasure that they still give to people to this day is a tremendous source of happiness for me. I see that I was part of something really worthwhile, something that made people laugh and feel happy, and I do believe, were then better able to deal with the challenges in their own lives."
Lea Salonga, who provided the singing voices for Princess Jasmine in Aladdin and Mulan in the film of the same name, says being a part of the Disney legacy is one of her most satisfying accomplishments. "It means a lot. I remember being a little girl and listening to 'A Dream Is a Wish Your Heart Makes.' How many young women have ever listened to a Disney song and grown up dreaming of doing this? And it happened for me.
"I remember when we recorded 'A Whole New World' like it was yesterday. I went into the studio with this massive orchestra, and then I saw it on screen. My jaw hit the floor, came back, and hit the floor again I don't know how many times!"
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Legends in Legends Plaza
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October 21, 2016Bob Gurr (Imagineering • 2004)Jim Cora (Parks & Resorts • 2005).
November 11, 2016Toshio Kagami (Parks & Resorts • 2008)
November 17, 2016Carl Bongirno (Imagineering • 2007)Marty Sklar (Imagineering • 2001)Orlando Ferrante (Imagineering • 2003)Don Iwerks (Film • 2009).
Disney Legends Plaza, dedicated on October 18, 1998, stands grandly on the eastern edge of The Walt Disney Studios in Burbank—a pleasant retreat from the bustle of the Studios lot. The pillared plaza, located between the Team Disney and Frank G. Wells buildings, pays homage to all Disney Legend honorees—with bronze plaques, mounted on the pillars, that contain each honoree's name and handprints (unless awarded posthumously). The plaza also features the "Partners" statue of Walt Disney and Mickey Mouse—designed by Imagineer and Disney Legend Blaine Gibson—and a "Sharing the Magic" statue of Roy O. Disney and Minnie Mouse that is also located at Walt Disney World.
It's the perfect place for Disney fans, guests, and employees to pause and remember the contributions of the men and women who are recipients of the Company's highest honor. It's also the ideal backdrop to catch up with some Disney Legends who contributed significantly to Disney parks and films. "The people represented here in Legends Plaza made this Company," says Jim Corataking a 360-degree look around this special place. Jim, who was part of the opening team for Walt Disney's Enchanted Tiki Room, says Walt was "a real meticulous guy who was striving for perfection."
"When they told me I was going to be a Disney Legend, it just kind of took my breath away," remembers Bob Gurr. "I just designed vehicles for amusement rides." His visit to Legends Plaza also seems to make Bob remember Walt. "The pixie look in his eyes and that little eyebrow going up when he knew he had something, and no one else had it—that's what remember, When Walt showed then-vice president Richard Nixon the Monorail in 1959, he was like a little kid!"
"I come here pretty often, because I keep thinking maybe they made a mistake," laughs Orlando Ferrante. "So, I have to see if it's still up here, or they've taken it down." Adds Carl Bongirno"I know no place that has the talent Walt Disney Imagineering has, so I feel tremendous pride in having my name up here." For his part, Don Iwerks feels a strong sense of family pride. "My father [Ub Iwerks] was Walt's first employee," he says. "He was honored in 1989—the same year as the 'Nine Old Men.' To be in that same company is just unbelievable to me. I keep my Legends statue in my office side-by-side with my father's.
"You sit here in Legends Plaza and look around at all these plaques with the names of all the great people who have helped make the magic that this company has produced for families all around the world," says Marty Sklar"and you see the statues of Walt and Mickey Mouse and Roy and Minnie Mouse... you see the Team Disney Building with the Dwarfs... this is history. It means so much to come here and remember the people who made this company great."
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Toshio Kagami is the chairman and chief executive officer (CEO) of The Oriental Land Company, and the representative director, chairman, and CEO of the Tokyo Disney Resort, where Fantasy Springs, the eighth themed port at Tokyo DisneySea® Park, celebrated its grand opening today, welcoming a large number of guests.
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Jim Cora (19372021)
Parks & Resorts
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Carl Bongirno (19372024)
Imagineering
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Marty Sklar (19342017)
Imagineering
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE – June 6, 2024 (Publicity Department Oriental Land Co., Ltd.)
Fantasy Springs Opens at Tokyo DisneySea
URAYASU, CHIBA—Tokyo Disney Resort® announced that Fantasy Springs, the eighth themed port at Tokyo DisneySea® Park, celebrated its grand opening today, welcoming a large number of guests.
Themed to magical springs that lead to a world of Disney fantasy, Fantasy Springs is the only themed port of its kind in the world and consists of three areas inspired by Walt Disney Animation Studios films: Frozen Kingdom (the Frozen-themed area), Rapunzel's Forest (the Tangled-themed area) and Peter Pan's Never Land (the Peter Pan-themed area), as well as Tokyo DisneySea Fantasy Springs Hotel.
A ceremony was held before the grand opening where representatives of Oriental Land Co., Ltd.: Toshio Kagami, Representative Director and Chair of the Board of Directors; Yumiko Takano, Representative Director, Chairperson and CEO; and Kenji Yoshida, Representative Director, President and COO — as well as representatives of The Walt Disney Company: Bob A. Iger, Chief Executive Officer, and Josh D'Amaro, Chairman of Disney Experiences, took to the stage to express their gratitude to guests and others who support Tokyo Disney Resort and announced the opening of Fantasy Springs.
The ceremony was also attended by 100 members (50 pairs) of the Tokyo Disney Resort Official Park Fan Club Funderful Disney who had been selected through a lottery to be part of the commemoration. Furthermore, Mickey Mouse and Minnie Mouse made appearances, as well as beloved Disney Animation characters – Anna and Elsa from Frozen, Rapunzel and Flynn Rider from Tangled, and Peter Pan and Wendy from Peter Pan.
Opening Ceremony
After the ceremony concluded, cast members, who had anticipated this occasion just as eagerly as the guests, waved flags and extended a warm welcome to guests as they entered the new themed port. Within Fantasy Springs, guests were seen enjoying the magical springs featuring Disney character motifs in the rockwork, and immersed in the atmosphere that brings the world of Disney films to life. Others were taking pictures, experiencing attractions, and tasting the new menu items on offer.
Left: Cast members welcoming guests entering Fantasy Springs; Right: Guests enjoying the pirate ship at Peter Pan's Never Land
Taking approximately five years from the start of construction for this project in May 2019, there has been a total investment amounting 320 billion yen, and spanning an area of approximately 140,000 m2, Fantasy Springs is the largest development of Tokyo DisneySea since its opening in 2001.
The addition of Fantasy Springs brings even more excitement to Tokyo DisneySea, and Tokyo Disney Resort will continue to evolve to bring happiness and enjoyment for our guests.
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Meet Tinker Bell's Nine Forever Young Fairies
"Have you ever wondered how nature gets its glow? Who gives it light and color as the seasons come and go? Well, it's me, Tinker Bell, and my friends from Pixie Hollow. Only fairies and sparrowmen are allowed to see the magic that happens on our little island. But like I always say, rules are made to be broken. So, have a little pixie dust and come on—I'll show you how fairies are born, how we live and work, and how we bring flowers, fireflies, waterfalls, and wonderful things to the world you live in. Do you think you have the magic to see inside our world? If you believe in fairies, I bet you can!" — Tinker Bell
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Sweet and sassy TINKER BELL always has her friends' backs—even if it means keeping a secret about a massive and mysterious creature.
In September 2010, Tinker Bell received the 2,418th star on Hollywood's Walk of Fame. Tink is joined by Disney Legend Alice Davis, the wife of animator and fellow Disney Legend Marc Davis.
The magic of Tinker Bell dates to the 1904 stage play "Peter Pan, or the Boy Who Would Not Grow Up" by J.M. Barrie and "Peter and Wendy," his 1911 novel, and really took off with Disney's animated 1953 "Peter Pan."
"Along with Mickey Mouse, Tinker Bell is probably the most recognizable character of all time," said Bradley Raymond, director of the Disney 2010 direct-to-video feature "Tinker Bell and the Great Fairy Rescue," one in a series on the famous fairy. "She's been popular from 1953 to now because of that multifaceted character we all fell in love with in 'Peter Pan.' ... There's something mysterious about her."
For children who grew up during the baby boom era, there were two "Peter Pans": the TV version with Mary Martin and the animated feature by Walt Disney. Each had its special charms, and the cartoon "Peter Pan" remains one of the most exciting and colorful films in the Disney canon.
Disney discarded the wistful nostalgia for the illusory innocence of childhood that pervaded Sir James Barrie's original play and replaced it with brash Yankee energy. This Peter Pan is a cocky, all-American boy, more like Tom Sawyer than the smug British popinjay Barrie envisioned.
The Disney artists also changed or discarded much of the traditional stage business. For the first time, Peter was voiced by an actor (Bobby Driscoll), rather than portrayed by an actress. The Crocodile, who had always been an offstage sound effect, appeared on the screen. The artists eliminated Peter's impassioned plea to the audience to clap their hands to prove they believe in fairies and save Tinker Bell's life.
When the film was first released, critics complained about the portrayal of Tinker Bell as a human pixie rather than as a beam of light. This depiction is actually very close to Barrie's descriptions of her as feminine, vain and slightly vulgar. Watch her monumental self-pity as she collapses into tears while Captain Hook bewails her abandonment by Peter.
The movements of Tinker Bell in the Disney classic were modeled on Margaret Kerry. On a bare soundstage, wearing her own bathing suit as a costume, and assisted only by an occasional oversized prop or mattresses to pad a fall, the then-22-year-old Kerry, along with other actors, enacted the production's storyboards, giving animators reference films for gestures, key poses and timing.
That old footage is still preserved in the Disney archives and was pulled out nearly 50 years later for animators creating 2002's "Return to Never Land."
"Lots of people don't understand all this," says Kerry. "They think the entire movie comes from the animator's head, but I say wait a minute — Marc Davis [Tinker Bell's animator] is a man's man — how does he know how a 3 1/2-inch sprite is going to move, get angry, or stamp her foot? And how does he know what kind of emotion would go behind that? How does he know how Wendy's skirt will wrap when she walks? Or flies for that matter? What Marc did was take something and then exaggerate it so it was more truly delightful."
Kerry easily recognizes her own body language in the 1953 film. So did her second husband, Jack Willcox, whom she once took to a "Peter Pan" screening. "I was so excited and nudging him," she recalls. "'There I am!' I said. 'Jack! Jack! Jack, that's me!' He just leaned over and said, 'Margaret, I'd recognize those thighs anywhere.'"
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Periwinkle is a Frost Fairy who lives in the Winter Woods. She learns that Tinker Bell is her sister when their wings both glow. She is curious and loves to go on adventures.
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Iridessa is a Light Fairy who always looks on the bright side of things. She likes order and following the rules. She is warm and welcoming and makes all new fairies feel at ease.
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Silvermist has a go-with-the-flow personality. She is a Water Fairy who can charm even the most stubborn dew drop. Sweet and sympathetic, she knows just how to lend a helping hand.
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Rosetta is a true artist who loves bringing beauty into the world. Despite being a Garden Fairy, she dislikes bugs, dirt, mud, or anything that will ruin her dress. She embraces exactly who she is.
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Fawn never judges a book by its cover. She is an Animal Talent Fairy who loves all animals.
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Lyria is the best story-telling fairy in all of Pixie Hollow. She tells magical tales at Fairy Tale Theater, which she brings to life by creating moving illustrations out of pixie dust.
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Vidia is the fastest of the fast-flying fairies. She is confident and caring in her own way. She loves her friends, but may not say it out loud.
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Ambitious dust-keeper fairy Zarina, captivated by Blue Pixie Dust, teams up with scheming pirates when her ideas get her into trouble.
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Tinker Bell and the Legend of the NeverBeast Animators: What Inspires a "NeverBeast"
In Disneytoon Studios' latest release, Tinker Bell and the Legend of the NeverBeast, Pixie Hollow's most famous fairy, Tinker Bell, is back, lending support to her good friend Fawn, an animal fairy always willing to break the rules to help an animal in need. But when that animal turns out to be massive and strange with glowing green eyes, "Gruff" is deemed unwelcome in Pixie Hollow; and a band of skilled scout fairies become determined to capture him out of fear he'll destroy their beloved home.
...that animal turns out to be massive and strange with glowing green eyes
Actress Ginnifer Goodwin voices Fawn, and director Steve Loter is quick to point out, "You can feel the smile behind her voice." But the film's true scene-stealer is Gruff, the NeverBeast himself—a brand-new creature that might remind you of a rhino... or he might remind you of a hippo. But, as the filmmakers explained to D23, he probably reminds you most of your own pet dog or cat; and it's this adherence to reality that explains how Gruff manages to overcome his inherently beastly qualities and endear himself to Fawn—and the audience.
Gruff cuts an imposing figure when he and Fawn meet. But Gruff quickly puts Fawn—and the audience—at ease with the subtlest of gestures. The film's producer, Michael "Makul" Wigert, observes, "I think there’s one moment where Fawn sees him for the first time in the cave and you see his ear twitch; and that just reminds you, 'Oh, I've seen my dog do that. I can relax a little bit.' So we wanted to use something like that sparingly, to remind audiences that it's going to be okay." The filmmakers provided this video of an animation test. Check it out and see if you recognize any of your own beloved pets' characteristics:
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To see the video, click here.
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According to Animation Supervisor Mike Greenholt—who has worked on all of the films in the Tinker Bell series—told D23, "One of the challenges that Steve gave us was that he wanted this animal to feel like an animal and not a person in an animal costume." And for help facing that challenge, Greenholt found inspiration in the Disney classic Dumbo (which features a now-iconic character that doesn't speak), as well as another unlikely source: his wife's dog.
"You can see thought happening behind the eyes, and it's not the way a human would react."
And while we're on the subject of eyes, Gruff's are unusual, even for a NeverBeast. They're a deep green and have the distinction of having no pupils. Story Artist Ryan Green—whose prior background in biology was an invaluable resource for the NeverBeast team—explains that Loter wanted a "glass ball feeling," like two mirrors in which Fawn sees herself. The lack of pupils, Green says, means "Gruff doesn't emote as much as an animal would that would have an iris and would look around, so his tail became a good way to show emotions," in much the way that a housecat's tail emotes for the animal.
This early sketch illustrates Gruff's prehensile—and emotive—tail, as well as his orb-like eyes.
Greenholt adds, "The moment you get a smaller pupil with white around it, it feels more cartoon-y or more human. We did tests where we had a smaller pupil and he suddenly looked like a man in a mask and it lost the animal quality to it." The filmmakers had to rely on body language and story beats to get Gruff's emotions and intent across, in much the same way that a certain other legendary animator did, Greenholt suggests. "When you look at the first Mickey Mouse cartoons, his eyes were black dots as well, and again, it relies all on the staging. You pose the character so it's very clear where they’re looking." The Muppets were also a great influence with respect to body language, Greenholt admits. "In some cases you'll have puppets that just have button eyes and it all comes down to, how do they move? Can you move sad? Can you move excited? Can you move nervous? It's just using all of that in your toolbox."
But the animators were a little nervous their toolboxes weren't equipped to tackle their biggest challenge: fur. "Fur is hard to do, even on a good day," Greenholt confesses. And Green adds, "It's amazing how much it could distract from the animal's performance sometimes, where you just see nothing but hair moving everywhere. We had to be delicate with how much the audience notices it."
This life-size Gruff has taken up residence at Disneytoon Studios in advance of the film's release on video in March.
Though modern technology and animation techniques allowed the filmmakers to give their CG NeverBeast hair that quite realistically evokes that of a yak, Greenholt is quick to tip his cap to animators of the past. "I think for me, my big influences are the "Nine Old Men," the old animators: Marc Davis, Milt Kahl, Frank Thomas, Ollie Johnston. Every time I read about them or hear an interview with them, I'm always inspired because they really get into the mind of their characters and they think about what they're doing." He adds, "It shows, even after years have gone by, their stuff still looks good."
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Forever Young
While Les Clark, Marc Davis, Ollie Johnston, Milt Kahl, Ward Kimball, Eric Larson, John Lounsbery, Woolie Reitherman, and Frank Thomas would eventually fulfill the "old" part of their nickname, they were given the title early in their careers from Walt Disney himself—an affectionate allusion to President Franklin D. Roosevelt description of the nine Supreme Court justices. But while a juror's job is to stick to the letter of the law, these nine brilliant animators took, pride in breaking all the rules of animation and creating new ones—and were named Disney Legends in 1989. "People still think of me as a cartoonist, but the only thing I lift a pen or pencil for these days is to sign a contract, a check, or an autograph," Walt once joked. Indeed, while Walt was the Studios guiding force, it was the Nine Old Men who led Disney into a new era of animation contributing to such beloved films as Snow White and the Seven DwarfsFantasiaCinderellaAlice in WonderlandLady and the TrampBambiSleeping BeautyThe Jungle BookSaludos AmigosOne Hundred and One DalmatiansThe Rescuers, and many, many more. Many of Disney's more recent artistic Legends, such as Andreas Deja, Burny Mattinson, and Glen Keane, were mentored or influenced by the work of these animators, and their remarkable work continues to inspire and transport fans of all ages to this day.
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 O Christmas tree, O Christmas tree,
How lovely are your branches!
O Christmas tree, O Christmas tree,
How lovely are your branches!

You boughs are green in summer's glow,
And do not fade in winter's snow.
O Christmas tree, O Christmas tree,
How lovely are your branches! 
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Marc Davis (19132000)

Legends Award Category: Animation & Imagineering

Year Inducted: 1989

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Animator, BambiFun and Fancy FreeThe Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad.
Directing animator, Song of the SouthCinderellaAlice in WonderlandPeter PanSleeping BeautyOne Hundred and One Dalmatians.
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Mark Henn, Burny Mattinson†.
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Animator, artist, Imagineer. Marc Davis dedicated his creative genius to helping Walt Disney realize his dreams, from helping perfect the animated story to creating Disneyland, the world's first theme park. About his years at Disney, Marc once said, "I rarely felt confined to the animation medium. I worked as an idea man and loved creating characters, whether they be for animation or any other medium."
Marc is probably best known as the father of some of Disney's most memorable animated women, including Cruella De Vil from One Hundred and One Dalmatians, Maleficent from Sleeping Beauty, and Tinker Bell from Peter Pan. When once asked to choose a favorite among his bevy of grand Disney dames, he replied, "Each of my women characters has her own unique style; I love them all in different ways."
The only child of Harry and Mildred Davis, Marc was born on March 30, 1913, in Bakersfield, California, where his father was engaged in oil field developments. Wherever a new oil boom developed, the family moved with Harry and, as a result, Marc attended more than 20 different schools across the country while growing up.
After high school, he enrolled in the Kansas City Art Institute, followed by the California School of Fine Arts in San Francisco and Otis Art Institute in Los Angeles. While studying, Marc spent hours at the zoo drawing animals, which became one of his specialties.
His story drawings for Bambi are considered some of the finest studies of animal characters ever created at the Disney Studio.
Marc joined Disney in 1935 as an apprentice animator on Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs and moved on to story sketch and character design on Bambi and Victory Through Air Power. Over the years, he animated on classic Disney features such as Song of the SouthCinderella, and Alice in Wonderland, as well as shorts, including African DiaryDuck Pimples, and Toot, Whistle, Plunk, and Boom.
He later transferred to Disney's design and development organization, today known as Walt Disney Imagineering. As one of Disney's original Imagineers, Marc contributed whimsical story and character concepts for such Disneyland attractions as the Enchanted Tiki Roomit's a small worldPirates of the CaribbeanHaunted Mansion and Jungle Cruise.
After 43 years with the Studio, Marc retired in 1978, but continued to lend his expertise to the development of Epcot Center and Tokyo Disneyland. He and his wife, Alice, who designed costumes for the Audio-Animatronics® characters featured in Pirates of the Caribbean and it's a small world, were also long-time supporters of the California Institute of the Arts, which was founded by Walt Disney.
Marc Davis passed away on January 12, 2000, in Glendale, California.
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Two-year-old Marcus Fraser Davis in San Francisco, 1915.
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Myron "Grim" Natwick, who lived to be 100 years old, in 1929; during his long animation career he designed Betty Boop and was one of Snow White's main animators.
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Snow White dances in the dwarfs' cottage.
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Davis in 1987.
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These head studies show that Bambi was able to go through a wide range of human emotions.
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These sketches show Davis' extraordinary draftsmanship.
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Early studies show Marc's attempts to capture the essence of a skunk. Black and white fur markings already create interesting design patterns.
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Once the inner workings of the skunk's body are explored, the animation will appear believable and plausible.
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Flower and Thumper (Seq. 10.1, Sc. 41) (00:47:49–53)
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Flower's over-the-top reaction to his first kiss was unusual in the otherwise realistic film, but Marc Davis made it work.
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Davis, third from left, working in 1943 on Victory Through Air Power, a wartime feature to which he contributed extensive story work, but received no screen credit.
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These story sketches show Davis' ability to visualize a fierce action sequence.
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The personalities of Brer Fox and Brer Bear come across even in these early sketches.
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Right from the first scene Marc lets the audience know what kind of character Brer Rabbit is.
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Early color sketches already reveal Cinderella as a fun-loving person, who finds herself caught in a bad predicament.
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Cinderella and the letter from the palace.
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Cinderella (Seq. 3, Sc. 10) (00:43:21–22)
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It is interesting to see that the final clean-up drawings were made right over Marc's rough animation drawings. This process saved time, but was only possible whenever the animator drew the character completely on model.
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Marc's rough drawings are delicate and appealing.
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Alice at the Mad Tea Party; The animator explores the dimensional forms of Alice's face in detail.
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Actress Kathryn Beaumont, Alice's voice and model, poses with a kitten before concept art by Mary Blair.
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Tinker Bell

A feisty fairy who is highly protective of Peter Pan.
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Designed with ultimate appeal and feminine elegance, Tinker Bell admires her mirror image; Marc Davis's love of women comes through in his animated portrayals, such as Tinker Bell.
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Model Margaret Kerry provides reference footage to aid the animation.
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Marc's animation sketches were turned into clean-up drawings by Clair Weeks. To see Tinker Bell's scene in CGI, click here.
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One of Marc's "doodle" sheets shows his research for Tinker Bell's facial features and hair movement. By placing her mouth low and practically eliminating the jaw, she appears more pixie-like and less realistic.
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This initial design represents a young, princess, who does look 16 years old; In the final version, Aurora's age could be 25. It is unclear why this aging process took place, perhaps a juvenile-looking girl didn't fit the film's sophisticated story.
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In this elegant key drawing, Aurora dances with a prince made up of various animals, including an owl and a squirrel. What a beautiful composition, even for a back view!
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Aurora (Seq. 12, Sc. 17) (00:38:09–14)
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An early version of Maleficent's design.
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In the end, added horns gave her appearance a devilish quality, and sleeves shaped like flames were used to great dramatic effect.
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A couple of dynamic, rough sketches demonstrate the way Marc lays out key moments of a scene, before animating it.
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Actress Eleanor Audley performs as Maleficent for the live-action reference film.
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Maleficent (Seq. 18, Sc. 67) (01:04:26–31)
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Early ideas for Cruella De Vil's design.
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Cruella De Vil is one of the most entertaining screen creations ever and was Marc's final work as an animator before he devoted his talents to designing characters and rides for Disney theme-park attractions.
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Actress Mary Wickes performing as Cruella for live-action reference footage.
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Cruella De Vil (Seq. 16, Sc. 182) (01:12:40–52)
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Strong curved and straight lines define the appearance of the film's characters.
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4 Artists Paint 1 Tree, a short film made for the Disneyland TV program in 1958, showcased paintings by, left to right, Joshua Meador, Marc Davis, Eyvind Earle, and Walt Peregoy.
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Davis sketches whimsical ideas for the Pirates of the Caribbean attraction.
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A maiden, in an elongated painting by Davis for The Haunted Mansion, is unaware that danger lurks.
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More Haunted Mansion concepts by Davis.
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Marc consulting with Walt Disney and Blaine Gibson.
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Marc and Alice Davis, married for forty-four years, posed with their impressive collection of objets d'art from Papua New Guinea.
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Two grand old men of Disney: Marc Davis and Joe Grant.
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Bob Kurtz Remembering Marc
How do you write about greatness? Where do I start about my dear friend and mentor, the legendary Marc Davis?
I first met Marc as a student in his Life Drawing class. I watched, fascinated, as Marc slowly twisted his cigarette into a black plastic cigarette holder. Then, through clenched teeth and cigarette pointed up at 45 degrees, Marc would reveal amazing gems of drawing wisdom. It was the best of times.
One of Marc's mantras was that good drawings and clear thinking went together, along with observation and life experience. Marc would say, "Who you are comes out in your drawings." That probably explains why Marc's animation was so versatile and full of life.
As the years passed, Marc and I grew closer. Together with Marc's talented wife and soul mate, Alice, and my wife, Theresa, we would laugh and talk into the late hours. Marc was a wonderful storyteller, and colorfully shared the experiences of his life with their many guests. Then there were those delicious late-night gourmet meals that Alice would whip up in a mere four hours. And always there would be those beloved, spoiled little dogs wandering around and about our feet.
Marc, always the thoughtful host, was also Marc the martini Zen master. With his back to you, secretly and patiently, you would see a bit of a hand move, a squeeze of this, a shake of that. No, Marc would not let you see what he was creating; it was a Houdini magic act. Each of Marc's finely crafted martinis took ten minutes to make and ten hours to recover from.
Marc and Alice's home was like a bustling railroad station; only the train whistle was missing. There was always someone about to leave, and more would drop in. There was a constant parade of affection and love. It was musical chairs without the music.
Together, Marc and Alice traveled the world, making even more friends. Every holiday season their house was filled with baskets and baskets overflowing with Christmas cards. Cards sent from around the world, maybe a thousand or more, all with warm, personal inscriptions. Marc and Alice always answered each of them personally.
Once, I brought Marc a magazine article about "Who Was the Greatest Villainess in Motion Picture History." At the top of the list, the number-one villainess was not Joan Crawford or Bette Davis; it was Cruella De Vil! Marc responded with that wonderful deep chuckle.
Beyond his prodigious talent, and in addition to being so generous with his time and encouragement to young artists, Marc was warm, open, gracious, caring, and always a gentleman. Marc was a class act.
No, Marc Davis was not a saint, but he was pretty damn close.
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 Deck the halls with boughs of holly,
Fa-la-la-la-la, la-la-la-la.
'Tis the season to be jolly,
Fa-la-la-la-la, la-la-la-la.
Don we now our gay apparel,
Fa-la-la, la-la-la, la-la-la.
Troll the ancient Yuletide carol,
Fa-la-la-la-la, la-la-la-la. 
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Frank Thomas (19122004)

Legends Award Category: Animation

Year Inducted: 1989

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Animator, Snow White and the Seven DwarfsThe Three CaballerosMary PoppinsThe Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh.
Directing animator, PinocchioThe Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. ToadCinderellaAlice in WonderlandPeter PanLady and the TrampSleeping Beauty, One Hundred and One Dalmatians, The Sword in the Stone, The Jungle Book, The AristoCats, Robin Hood, The Rescuers.
Supervising animator, Bambi, The Fox and the Hound.
Story, The AristoCatsRobin Hood.
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Randy Haycock, James Baxter.
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Animator Frank Thomas instilled vivid personality into his characters. He drew some of Disney animation's most memorable, as well as touching, moments, including the Dwarfs crying at Snow White's bier, Bambi and Thumper learning how to ice skate, and the charming spaghetti-eating sequence in Lady and the Tramp.
To Frank, personality was always the key to successful animation. As he once said:
"Until a character becomes a personality, it cannot be believed.
Without personality, the character may do funny or interesting things, but unless people are able to identify themselves with the character, its actions will seem unreal."
Born on September 5, 1912, Frank was raised in Fresno, California, where his father was President of Fresno State College. By age nine, Frank already knew what he wanted to do in life; he once recalled asking his father how he could make money just drawing pictures. By the time he was a sophomore at Fresno State, his interest in art expanded to motion pictures. As a class project, Frank wrote and directed a movie spoofing college life, which played in local theaters.
After finishing his education at Stanford University, Frank went on to study at Chouinard Art Institute in Los Angeles. While living in a rooming house in Hollywood, he met another young Stanford graduate who worked as an artist at the Walt Disney Studio. The artist told Frank about a job opening and, on September 24, 1934, he joined Disney as employee no. 224, assigned to work on the short Mickey's Elephant.
Over the years, Frank worked on nearly 20 animated features including PinocchioPeter PanSleeping BeautyCinderellaThe Jungle Book, and One Hundred and One Dalmatians, as well as numerous shorts. He also accompanied Walt Disney and a select group of artists on a goodwill tour of South America in 1941 on behalf of the American Government, which inspired the films Saludos Amigos and The Three Caballeros.
In his spare time, Frank played piano with the internationally famous "Firehouse Five Plus Two" jazz band, along with fellow Disney artists including Ward Kimball.
After nearly 45 years with the Studio, Frank retired in 1978. He went on to co-author four books with lifelong friend and fellow animator Ollie Johnston, including the definitive Disney Animation: The Illusion of LifeToo Funny For Words: Disney's Greatest Sight GagsWalt Disney's Bambi: The Story and the Film, and The Disney Villain.
He and Ollie were also the subjects of the 1995 documentary Frank and Ollie, which chronicles their unique friendship from its beginnings at Stanford to their creative relationship at Disney. That same year, Disney artists paid tribute to the legendary animators in the Mickey Mouse short Runaway Brain, which featured a villain whimsically named "Dr. Frankenollie." Frank and Ollie also made vocal cameos in two animated features by director Brad Bird, 1999's The Iron Giant and the 2004 Pixar film The Incredibles.
Frank Thomas passed away on September 8, 2004, in La Cañada Flintridge, California.
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Pluto shows strong emotions, he is annoyed with the antics of a little elephant.
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Delicate facial expressions combined with subtle timing communicate believable emotions of sadness and loss.
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The lack of squash and stretch when Pinocchio falls reminds audiences that he is made out of solid wood; Pinocchio gives the performance of his life on stage in Stromboli's puppet theatre, exuding the show-off joy of the amateur entertainer.
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His spontaneity required detailed planning by animator Thomas. The final impression is that the puppet is "making it up as he goes along."
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A caricature of hirsute Thomas as Pinocchio's alter ego.
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Pinocchio is starting to show a sense of compassion and responsibility.
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The deer in Bambi, developed by Frank Thomas and Milt Kahl, brought a rare compliment from Walt: "Thanks, fellows. Those personalities are pure gold."
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Thomas feeds a model for Bambi in 1942.
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Perfectly staged and animated, this charming scene became on iconic image for the film.
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A rough layout pose shows Thumper's confidence on the ice.
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Captain Hook

Pirate Captain who would like nothing more than to get revenge on his nemesis Peter Pan, who is responsible for his hook.
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Hook is looking for Peter Pan's hiding place.
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Captain Hook (Seq. 11, Sc. 4) (00:53:11–15)
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Frank excelled at showing Hook's mood swings.
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Ollie Johnston and Frank Thomas view test animation for the three good fairies in Sleeping Beauty on a Moriola, circa 1958. Thomas's intensity working on this film landed him in the hospital.
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The three fairies have very different personalities.
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Merryweather (Seq. 7, Sc. 12) (00:11:27–31)
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The final animation for The Flying Gauchito.
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Frank explores range and flexibility within Toad's body.
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Brom Bones and Tilda (Seq. 7, Sc. 36)
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Frank animated this Ichabod Crane sequence at the rate of 40 to 50 feet per week.
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A classic villain for the ages.
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Lady Tremaine's subtle movements help to establish her truly evil personality.
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Thomas continued in the early 1950s to bring life to villains, such as the Queen of Hearts in Alice in Wonderland; Frank originally struggled finding the balance between the menace and the comedy for the Queen of Hearts.
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Queen of Hearts (Seq. 11, Sc. 29) (01:08:05–10)
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A full range of expressions for Alice in Wonderland's talking Doorknob.
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Baloo, being upset at Bagheera, responds by mimicking him.
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The characters' contrasting attitudes communicate clearly in this one sketch.
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In this layout sketch Frank positions the dogs effectively as a group.
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One of the most charming moments ever animated.
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Thomas drawing a canine model for 101 Dalmatians in 1961.
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Sketches showing the proportions and physical makeup of Dalmatians.
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A charming moment from One Hundred and One Dalmatians.
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This sequence from The Sword in the Stone was one of Frank's favorite Disney assignments.
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Madam Mim (Seq. 10, Sc. 13.1) (01:04:52–58)
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Three of the penguins who do their best to keep up with Dick Van Dyke; The dancing penguin waiters in Mary Poppins, stole the show from Van Dyke.
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Frank's animation of Thomas O'Malley is believable and fun to watch; The two canine stars from The Aristocats.
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Frank Thomas, at age 61, working on Robin Hood.
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A convincing disguise for Robin Hood.
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Reluctant agents Bernard and Bianca.
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The young Tod and Copper from The Fox and the Hound, Frank Thomas' final film.
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Frank Thomas, sketching in Argentina, was the only animator among the artists, writers, and musicians Walt brought to South America in 1941.
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Frank Thomas (far right) relaxed by playing piano in the Firehouse Five Plus Two, a Dixieland jazz band formed by Ward Kimball (on trombone) in the 1940s.
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Thomas used his piano perch for people-watching opportunities.
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Frank Thomas, entertaining at a 1947 studio function was the Huggajeedy 8, forerunner of the Firehouse Five Plus Two. Thomas is behind Walt Disney (seated right) and Kimball stands at right.
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Ron Clements Remembering Frank
I worked closely with Frank Thomas for around two years, starting in 1974, on the movie The Rescuers. I was a 21-year-old animation trainee, and he was my mentor. It was an unbelievably rewarding time. I felt like kind of a sorcerer's apprentice. These guys, the master Disney animators, truly were magicians. They created life, personality, entertainment out of nothing more than pencil and paper, and what a privilege to see how they did it!
Frank was thoughtful, intelligent, and articulate. He analyzed things to death and did tons of thumbnails and diagrams. He always pushed you to explore multiple options in approaching any scene before finally settling on what you felt was the very best. He was passionate, hard to please, and harder on himself than anybody. He flipped his scenes so relentlessly they were ragged, like the texture of an old treasure map. He once told me, in his whole career, he had only done a handful of scenes he was really satisfied with. He never said what they were. Pinocchio in the "I've Got No Strings" scene? Bambi on ice? Captain Hook? Certainly, I would hope, the Dwarfs tearfully mourning the death of their beloved Snow White, or the spaghetti-eating sequence in Lady and the Tramp would be among them.
Chuck Jones once called Frank the Laurence Olivier of animators, and that was accurate. He was a brilliant actor, always getting into the specific, unique thought processes of each character, pushing relationships, feelings, sincerity. The great thing is, the life he created will exist forever, to be experienced over and over again. And what could be more magical than that?
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 Here we come a-caroling
Among the leaves so green.
Here we come a-wand'ring
So fair to be seen.

Love and joy come to you,
And to you glad tidings, too
And God bless you and send you a happy New Year,
And God send you a happy New Year. ♪
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Les Clark (19071979)

Legends Award Category: Animation

Year Inducted: 1989


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Animator, Snow White and the Seven DwarfsPinocchioFantasiaDumboSaludos AmigosThe Three CaballerosMake Mine MusicOne Hundred and One Dalmatians.
Directing animator, Song of the SouthFun and Fancy FreeMelody TimeCinderellaAlice in WonderlandPeter PanLady and the Tramp.
Sequence director, Sleeping Beauty.
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Mark Henn.
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While in high school, Les Clark worked a summer job at a lunch counter near the Walt Disney Studio in Hollywood. Walt and Roy Disney used to eat there, and, one day, Les got up the courage to ask Walt for a job.
He recalled Walt's reply, "'Bring some of your drawings in and let's see what they look like.' So, I copied some cartoons and showed them to Walt. He said I had a good line, and why don't I come to work on Monday.
"I graduated [from high school] on a Thursday and went to work [the following] Monday." THIS IMAGE: At the Walt Disney Studio on Hyperion Avenue, circa 1930: standing left to right: Jack King, Dick Lundy, Burt Gillett, Ub Iwerks, Walt Disney, Carl Stalling, Wilfred Jackson; kneeling left to right: Johnny Cannon, Norm Ferguson, Merle Gibson, Ben Sharpsteen, Les Clark.
Les, who was the first of Walt Disney's legendary "Nine Old Men" (an affectionate term Franklin D. Roosevelt coined for his Supreme Court Justices, which Disney adopted when referring to his key animators), spent the next 48 years of his life animating and directing for Disney.
Born in Ogden, Utah, in 1907, Les attended elementary school in Twin Falls, Idaho, until his family moved to Los Angeles. After graduating from Venice High School in 1927, he joined the company's Ink and Paint Department. Les developed an adept hand at animating Mickey Mouse, beginning with one scene in Mickey's debut film, Steamboat Willie. By 1929, he won his first animation assignment on Disney's first Silly Symphony, The Skeleton Dance. He would later animate a memorable scene in the "Sorcerer's Apprentice" segment of Fantasia, when Mickey's sleeves keep falling down as he brings the magical brooms to life.
Les animated on or directed nearly 20 features, including PinocchioDumboSaludos AmigosSo Dear to My HeartOne Hundred and One DalmatiansSong of the SouthFun and Fancy FreeCinderellaAlice in WonderlandPeter Pan, and Lady and the Tramp, as well as more than 100 shorts.
After Les served as sequence director on Sleeping Beauty, Walt asked him to direct television specials and educational films. For two decades, Les directed dozens of such productions, including Donald in Mathmagic Land and Donald and the Wheel.
Like Walt, Les didn't believe in resting on his laurels, but in always expanding his talent. As Frank Thomas and Ollie Johnston recalled in their book Disney Animation: The Illusion of Life, "Les quietly went ahead perfecting what he did best, constantly at art class working hard to improve and learn. There was much admiration for this quiet, thoughtful man, who came in with no art background yet through sheer determination and desire not only kept up, but helped advance the art with his refinements of many fundamentals."
Les Clark retired from Disney in 1976; he passed away on September 12, 1979.
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Eighteen-year-old Leslie James Clark in 1925, the year he met Walt Disney.
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Original animation drawings by Ub Iwerks for Steamboat Willie, the first Mickey Mouse cartoon with a soundtrack.
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A couple of frivolous skeletons marked the beginning of Clark's career as an animator.
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Animating in close quarters at the Disney studio are, left to right, David Hand, Dick Lundy, Norm Ferguson, and Les Clark.
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The Disney studio polo team, left to right, unknown, Les Clark, Norman Ferguson, Walt, Roy Disney, Bill Cottrell, Dick Lundy, Gunther Lessing.
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Les Clark added greater appeal and range to Mickey's performances.
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Les Clark animated a complex scene of Snow White dancing with the dwarfs in their cottage.
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Clark animated Sleepy playing a flute in Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs.
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Pinocchio turns around; Sincere emotions help to make Pinocchio come alive to an audience.
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Art Babbitt prepares to animate Geppetto in Pinocchio.
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Deems Taylor watches Fred Moore draw Mickey Mouse for Fantasia in 1940.
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Mickey Mouse (Seq. 7, Sc. 11)
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In The Sorcerer's Apprentice, Clark gave Mickey an intensity that had not been seen before.
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Delicate drawing and subtle timing added a graceful touch to the fairies.
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The train in The Three Caballeros displays emotions, despite having no limbs or face.
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Clark created a memorable character in the Singing Harp from Mickey and the Beanstalk.
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Appealing design and energetic timing helped to make this tiny character come alive.
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Clark's animation of Cinderella proved that he was perfectly able to deal with difficult, realistic assignments.
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Clark tackled the challenge of fitting an enormous Alice into the White Rabbit's house.
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Tinker Bell

A feisty fairy who is highly protective of Peter Pan.
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Even though Marc Davis supervised the animation of Tinker Bell, Les Clark did not mind being the second-in-command.
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Wendy Darling

Oldest of the Darling children, an eternal believer, mother figure to the Lost Boys and friend to Peter Pan.
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Wendy (Seq. 14, Sc. 102) (01:11:43–49)
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Clark's final animation before moving into other areas of animated film production.
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John Canemaker Remembering Les
When shy, part-time confectionery waiter Leslie James Clark (1907-1979) graduated from high school on a Thursday and reported to work the following Monday (February 23, 1927), his new boss, Walt Disney, warned him the job might be temporary. By the time Les Clark retired in 1975, he was a senior animator and director, and the longest continuously employed member of Walt Disney Productions.
I met Clark in July 1973, two years before he retired at age 68, during my first visit to the Disney Studio. I found him to be reserved, quiet, and, yes, shy. Yet he gave me an interview so full of information that I used much of it almost three decades later in my book Walt Disney's Nine Old Men and the Art of Animation.
That was one of the remarkable things about Les Clark his mild-mannered, reticent, apparently ego-free qualities belied his tremendous gifts as a masterly animator of surpassing skill. Everything he drew came alive with charm and personality.
He entered animation at a crucial time during the silent era—a year before Mickey Mouse's "birth"—and participated in events that shaped not only Disney's future, but also the art form of character animation itself. At first, Clark was apprentice to sorcerer/legendary animator Ub Iwerks, whom Clark fondly remembered as a "very gifted" and very patient" teacher.
Clark emulated his master in "rhythm animation"—smooth "ripple" actions repeated in pleasing cycles and patterns of motion in many a Mickey Mouse and Silly Symphony short. Traces of this magical, cartoony animation style are in the elastic pink train sambaing to "Baia" in The Three Caballeros.
Soon the pupil surpassed his mentor. Diligently working on his draftsmanship skills throughout his career, Clark became a first-rate character animation "actor," specializing in Mickey Mouse. It was Les Clark who animated dynamic personality scenes in The Band Concert and Fantasia, both among the mouse's greatest acting performances.
What was also amazing about Clark was his versatility as an animator. He "played" everything from a buxom operatic hen (Clara Cluck) to a delicate dewdrop fairy to an inebriated country bumpkin of a rodent (The Country Cousin) to a frustrated bee trapped in a surreal landscape (Bumble Boogie); Clark's animation ranged from gigantic Paul Bunyan to tiny Jiminy Cricket and Tinker Bell on TV's Mickey Mouse Club.
Often, Clark was handed technically difficult assignments, which he accepted with good humor and managed with seriousness of purpose and consummate skill. One such assignment was Snow White dancing with dwarfs, a sequence of subtle changes in perspective as the characters cavort; another was the combining of a live actor with animated animals in the joyous "Zip-A-Dee-Doo-Dah'" musical number from Song of the South.
Clark's animation provided the necessary emotional mortar to hold scenes together in many films, including Pinocchio and Alice in Wonderland. Art Babbitt, another great animator and a tough critic, always spoke admiringly of Clark, who "never received the recognition the others [animators] did. And he should have, Babbitt said, "because he was marvelous! Terrific animator, very inventive. But taken for granted."
Les Clark's development from a "rubber-hose-and-circle" patternmaker into a master personality animator matches the best of his peers. His work through the years deserves careful study, and today's DVDs—and this flipbook offer the ambitious student an opportunity to learn from one of the greats.
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 Jingle bells, jingle bells,
Jingle all the way!
Oh, what fun it is to ride
In a one-horse open sleigh. Hey!

Jingle bells, jingle bells,
Jingle all the way!
Oh, what fun it is to ride
In a one-horse open sleigh. 
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Eric Larson (19051988)

Legends Award Category: Animation

Year Inducted: 1989


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Animator, Snow White and the Seven DwarfsThe Three CaballerosMake Mine MusicThe Sword in the StoneMary PoppinsThe Jungle BookThe AristoCatsRobin HoodThe Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh.
Directing animator, PinocchioSong of the SouthMelody TimeCinderellaAlice in WonderlandPeter PanLady and the TrampOne Hundred and One Dalmatians.
Sequence director, Sleeping Beauty.
Supervising animator, FantasiaBambi.
Titles, The Rescuers.
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Mark Henn, Burny Mattinson†, Chris Buck, James Baxter.
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Toward the end of his enduring career at The Walt Disney Studios, animator Eric Larson became a gentle and devoted mentor to the next generation of up-and-coming Disney artists. Former student Andreas Deja, who animated such Disney characters as Jafar from Aladdin and Scar in The Lion King, remembered Eric as "the best animation teacher ever." "No one was more concerned with passing on the Disney legacy than Eric," Deja once said.
In the late 1970s, Eric expanded the Studio's Talent Program to find and train new and talented animators from colleges and art schools across the nation. This program, which still exists today, came at a crucial juncture in Disney's history, when many veteran animators were stepping down from their drawing boards. Subsequently, through his close work with young animators, Eric helped preserve the integrity of Disney animation for generations to come.
Born in Cleveland, Utah, in 1905, Eric avidly read comic humor magazines, such as Punch and Judge, while growing up on the plains. After high school, he went on to major in journalism at the University of Utah. While there, Eric edited the campus magazine and won a reputation as a creative humorist in both literature and graphic arts. He also sketched cartoons, which appeared in the local Deseret News.
After graduation, Eric traveled around America for a year freelancing for various magazines and, in 1933, landed in Los Angeles. There, he developed an adventure serial for KHJ Radio, called The Trail of the Viking.
That same year, taking the advice of a friend who was familiar with his exceptional drawing skill, Eric decided to submit some of his sketches to the Walt Disney Studio.
He was hired as an assistant animator (to Hamilton Luske), and his journalism aspirations changed for good.
Over the years, Eric animated on such feature films as Snow White and the Seven DwarfsFantasiaBambiCinderellaAlice in WonderlandPeter PanLady and the TrampSleeping Beauty, and The Jungle Book, as well as nearly 20 shorts and six television specials. Later, he served as a consultant on The Black Cauldron and The Great Mouse Detective.
After 52 years at Disney, Eric retired in 1986. In an interview at that time, he said, "The important thing is not how long I've been here, but how much I've enjoyed it and what I've accomplished in all that time. When I think about my contribution to the animation that people enjoy so much, it makes me feel good."
Eric Larson passed away in La Cañada Flintridge, California, on October 25, 1988.
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Eric Larson at his drawing board in 1970.
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Synchronizing so many woodland creatures was more like choreographing a ballet than animating a scene.
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Figaro crossing a soft bedcover and opening a window in the film Pinocchio.
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Larson at work on Pinocchio in 1939.
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A unique approach was required to make audiences believe the marionettes were made out of wood.
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For years Larson bemoaned his "poor" animation of Fantasia's centaurs.
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Eric Larson questioned the quality of the centaurs' design as well as his animation.
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Eric had more success with the flying horses in the "Pastoral" section of Fantasia.
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Larson's own gentle character and sense of humor are reflected in the personality of Friend Owl.
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Eric researched a range of facial expressions as well as simplified horse and partial bird anatomy.
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Gauchito and Burrito (Sc. 37) (00:18:30–32)
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Slow, calm, and deliberate Larson brought to life the madly destructive South American Aracuan; A small character with big emotions.
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Brer Rabbit displaying unlimited confidence despite limited movement.
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Stylized designs allowed for smooth, fluid animation.
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Little Toot manages to demonstrate childlike qualities, despite having no arms or legs.
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In the 1950s Larson animated his share of humans, such as Cinderella, seen with frames of the live-action reference film; Cinderella is instantly likeable in the opening scene.
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The animation for Alice was based on live-action reference.
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Peter Pan promises the Darling children a flight to Never Land.
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Peter Pan and Wendy (Seq. 2.1, Sc. 52) (00:17:09–14)
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Peter Pan and Wendy flying to Never Land.
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Larson obviously enjoying a close encounter with Peggy Lee, the voice and model for Peg, a sexy singing pooch in Lady and the Tramp.
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A beautiful animation showing Peg in mid-song.
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Peg (Seq. 10, Sc. 81) (00:59:13–23)
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Discussing storyboards in 1958 for the troublesome Sleeping Beauty are, left to right, supervising director Eric Larson, storymen Joe Rinaldi and Don DaGradi, and animator Marc Davis.
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The very expensive scene 31.
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Larson was a directing animator on 101 Dalmatians, but for most of the 1970s and '80s he was the revered teaching head of Disney's training program for new, young animators.
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Rolly (Seq. 15, Sc. 46) (01:02:39–42)
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Madam Mim as Dragon (Seq. 10, Sc. 144) (01:09:21–24)
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Roquefort's model sheet, made up of Eric's rough animation drawings.
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John Musker Remembering Eric
A gifted animator and a natural teacher with a soft spot for young people trying to learn the craft, Eric Larson had been placed by Studio management in charge of their new in-house talent development program. It was there that, with great patience, clarity, and warmth, he essentially taught me and many others—people like Glen Keane and Ron Clements, for example—how to animate. He himself was mentored by Ham Luske, one of the principal animators at Disney in the thirties, and later its primary director, Ham's lessons of sincerity, action analysis, and caricature were deeply imprinted on Eric, who passed them on, along with countless other things he had learned from artists like Freddie Moore and Bill Tytla, not to mention Walt himself, to wide-eyed trainees like me.
Eric had an understated touch to his own animation. He found the essential truth, warmth, and sincerity of whatever character he animated. He gave us a Figaro in Pinocchio, full of gentle humor, and well-observed traits, both of a real kitten and an inquisitive and occasionally exasperated child. The grandfatherly curmudgeon owl in Bambi was his. He animated the loopy Aracuan bird who motored along the frame's edge in The Three Caballeros, and Sasha, the Russian-hatted bird in Peter and the Wolf, who, like many of Eric's characters, steals the show without trying to. But where this genteel and gentlemanly Mormon came up with Peg, the saucy show dog in Lady and the Tramp, I'll never know, although I can personally attest that Eric's courtly manner and twinkling blue eyes had legions of young, pretty female admirers from the ranks of the new trainees.
While in the training program, I would bring Eric a "scene" of my animation. From my haphazard stack of drawings, he would pull out the "keys," the crucial poses. He would put a sheet of fresh paper over them on the disk, and holding his pencil counterbalanced by his extended pinkie riding along the paper (a pinkie calloused from years of animation—a callous, he said all good animators had), Eric would draw far more powerful, clear, and carefully analyzed versions of what I had done. These drawings were often diagrams, which did not necessarily look like my character. But the silhouettes, arcs, paths of action, the clear "anticipations," and the ideas on timing, all honed from his years on the board, were magically transformative. Poses now related to one another in a fluid and dynamic way. Actions were clearer. Thought processes were communicated. "Positive statements" was his mantra.
Eric's words to me then still ring in my ears now, some 35 years later. He also said. "Our only limit in animation is our own imaginations, and our ability to draw what we imagine." I try and live my animation life by those words that came from the always supportive, gentle, powerful mentor with the high-waisted pants and the sparkling blue eyes: Eric Larson. I owe him everything.
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 Toyland! Toyland!
Dear little girl and boy land!
While you dwell within it,
You are ever happy then.
Childhood's joy land! 
Mystic, merry Toyland! 
Once you pass its borders, 
You can never return again. ♪
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Ward Kimball (19142002)

Legends Award Category: Animation & Imagineering

Year Inducted: 1989


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Animator, Snow White and the Seven DwarfsSaludos AmigosVictory Through Air PowerThe Three CaballerosMake Mine MusicMary Poppins.
Directing animator, PinocchioDumboFun and Fancy FreeMelody TimeThe Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. ToadCinderellaAlice in WonderlandPeter Pan.
Supervising animator, Fantasia.
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Eric Goldberg.
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While some Disney animators sought to touch the hearts of audiences, Ward Kimball sought to astound. As he once explained to a reporter, "Old Wardie got into audience's hearts his own way. He made them laugh."
Fellow Disney Legend Eric Larson once wrote of Ward's animation style: "A powerful caricaturist of mood and action, Ward often used the same approach in his scene planning and cutting, as was shown in the first meeting of Donald Duck, Jose Carioca and Panchito in The Three Caballeros. The action and cutting was wild, woolly, and humorous."
Born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, on March 4, 1914, Ward's first recognizable drawing as a child was of a steam locomotive.

He once said that his mother called him a "marked" baby because of his early obsession with railroads, a theme that would resonate throughout his life.
After high school, Ward set his mind upon becoming a magazine illustrator and enrolled at the Santa Barbara School of Art in California. While there, however, he happened to catch Walt Disney's Three Little Pigs at a local matinee and, with portfolio in hand, Ward headed for Hollywood.
He joined the Walt Disney Studio in 1934, and contributed to most of its animated features up until his retirement in 1972. Among the many memorable Disney characters he brought to life were Jiminy Cricket in Pinocchio, Tweedledee and Tweedledum in Alice in Wonderland, and Lucifer the Cat in Cinderella.
Ward also directed two Academy Award®-winning short subjects, Toot, Whistle, Plunk and Boom—the first CinemaScope cartoon—and It's Tough to Be a Bird, which combined both live action and animation. During the 1950s, he produced and directed three one-hour space films for the Disneyland television show. The first of his television productions, Man in Space, was given a command performance before President Dwight Eisenhower.
During the 1960s, Ward helped write the story and script treatment for Walt's first live-action musical fantasy, Babes in Toyland, for which he directed the stop-motion toy sequences. A trombone-player, Ward led several fellow Disney employees in the internationally known Dixieland jazz band Firehouse Five Plus Two. He also restored and operated a full-size locomotive on his two-acre orange grove, and was instrumental in sparking Walt Disney's own interest in backyard railroads.
After retirement, Ward consulted with Walt Disney Imagineering on theme park projects such as the World of Motion pavilion at Epcot Center.
Ward passed away on July 8, 2002, in Los Angeles, California, at age 88. In 2005, the Disneyland Railroad named their newly acquired Engine No. 5 the Ward Kimball in his memory. Famously, the handprints Ward left on his Disney Legend plaque feature an extra finger, a reminder of his sterling sense of humor.
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Early designs based on real crickets and Kimball's final version of Jiminy.
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All drawings are key, there are no in-betweens when animating a scene this complex.
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Ward turned the song number in The Three Caballeros into one of animation's most hilarious and surreal moments.
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Kimball's model sheet of Lucifer reveals strong poses and evil expressions, in spite of an overall cartoony appearance.
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Kimball had fun animating Lucifer in Cinderella.
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Lucifer (Seq. 1.6, Sc. 63) (00:19:35–00:20:11)
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Tweedledum and Tweedledee move as if their bodies were water balloons.
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Tweedledum (Seq. 5, Sc. 36) (00:15:15–19)
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Alice in Wonderland is a veritable vaudeville of Kimball's comedic gifts. His tea party is filled with slapstick; The Mad Hatter's tongue was used to animate his dialogue with a lisp; The equally mad March Hare.
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Walt admires Kimball's Mad Hatter sketch.
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The psychotic Cheshire Cat might move slowly, but he expresses pure insanity.
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Modern graphics help alter the conventional Disney style.
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The film Mars and Beyond explored the possibilities of alien life forms.
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Working on the Man in Space TV program in 1954: (seated) Ward, (left to right) Charles Shows, Ruby Barbera, scientist Willy Ley, Julius Svendsen, and Bill Bosche.
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Kimball with the Oscar he won for the irreverent 1969 short It's Tough to Be a Bird.
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A caricature of the Firehouse Five Plus Two, a Dixieland jazz band formed by trombonist Ward Kimball, was featured in the short How to Play BaseballHarper Goff on banjo, Ed Penner tuba, Clark Mallery clarinet, Ham Hamilton (or Monty Montjoy) drums, Danny Alguire trumpet, and Frank Thomas on piano.
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Kimball plays trombone in his office.
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Eric Goldberg Remembering Ward
Ward Kimball certainly the most whacked-out member of Disney's Nine Old Men, was the studio maverick. Ward would try anything, and even though that was frequently interpreted as "anything-for-a-laugh," this quality extended far beyond the mere joke. He could do the warm, sympathetic stuff (like Jiminy Cricket), as well as the crazy, inspired lunacy (Panchito's gun barrel mouthing some of his lyrics in The Three Caballeros title song) that would become his trademark. Ward also experimented with limited animation and modern design, UPA-style, in films like Melody and Toot, Whistle, Plunk and Boom (an Academy Award winner). The bottom line is that Ward's work always had ideas behind it—planned insanity, if you will.
Ward's animation shared a unique quality with that of his close friend Freddie Moore—sheer boldness. Nowhere is this better demonstrated than in the piece selected for this flipbook. From Alice in Wonderland, Tweedledee and Tweedledum bounce and cavort outlandishly in a scene that looks great when you see it at speed, but reveals its true audaciousness when you look at it frame by frame. They squish like water balloons, flatten out like pancakes, poke each other, and do all manner of facial contortions and rubber-legged gavottes, leaving the viewer with this distinct thought: I can't believe he got away with that. In a nutshell (not a bad place for Ward to be), Ward Kimball spent his entire career "getting away with it," and we are all the richer and more amused for it.
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"Our Lucky Star": Annette Funicello (1942–2013)
Film & Television • 1992
Disney Legend Richard Sherman shares his memories of Disney Legend Annette Funicello and the creation of the timeless musical magic known as the "Annette" sound.
Sweet. Unassuming. Hard-Working. Self-Deprecating. A Talent. That Was Annette.
[Fellow Disney Legend and brother] Bob and I always referred to her as our "lucky star." Before we ever dreamed of working at Disney, we were just two guys trying to make a buck writing pop songs. Back in the '50s, we wrote a little ditty called "Tall Paul." Julie Harriet recorded it on a little label, and it wasnt doing that well. One day, Bob got a call from Jimmy Johnson, the general manager of the Walt Disney Music Company, and he said, "We want to record the song with one of our Mouseketeers, Annette. Can we make a deal?" And Bob said, "Annette who?" We didn't know much about Disney at the time.
Well, young Annette came in to sing it, and she was absolutely terrified! There was this wall of sound coming from everywhere, and she was overcome by it. She started saying, "I cant do this. I cant do this." But Bob and I had a trick. We would have her do a first take of the vocal against the orchestra separately and swim it in echo. Then she would sing the song again, and we would lay that track—crisp with no echo on top of the first one. Now it sounded like she had a powerful voice. She said, "Gee, I dont sound too bad now" She got a little confidence. When you blended both vocal tracks together, you had pure magic—the "Annette" sound. "Tall Paul" became a smash hit in 1959. And, over a period of a year and a half, we wrote 36 songs for our lucky star.
She was a musician. She had a great feel for singing along with herself. If she emphasized a word in one take, she'd mimic that perfectly the next time. She wasn't just a kid singing.
We stayed close friends. One year at the Disney Legends ceremony at the Studios, we sat at the same table and reminisced with her and her husband, Glen, about the old days and had a great time. She was using a cane to get around. She never said she had MS. She said she pulled a muscle in her leg. She didnt want anyone feeling sorry for her. She was brave.
Today, I feel proud and happy every time I see her on TV or hear her music. We loved her like she was our kid sister. We never had anything but a good time. I will always miss her.
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 Christmas is coming,
The goose is getting fat.
Please to put a penny 
In the old man's hat.
If you haven't got a penny,
A halfpenny will do.
If you haven't got a halfpenny,
Then God bless you! 
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Ollie Johnston (19122008)

Legends Award Category: Animation

Year Inducted: 1989


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Animator, PinocchioVictory Through Air PowerThe Three CaballerosMake Mine MusicMary PoppinsThe Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh.
Supervising animator, FantasiaBambiThe Fox and the Hound.
Directing animator, Song of the SouthMelody TimeThe Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. ToadCinderellaAlice in WonderlandPeter PanLady and the TrampSleeping BeautyOne Hundred and One DalmatiansThe Sword in the StoneThe Jungle BookThe AristoCatsRobin HoodThe Rescuers.
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Mark Henn, Randy Haycock, James Baxter, Pete Docter.
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Animator Ollie Johnston infused an unusual level of warmth and heartfelt emotion into his characters. As lifelong friend and fellow animator and Disney Legend Frank Thomas recalled, "Ollie was the only one of the Studio animators who was sensitive to character relationships and how they affected story." Explained Frank: "Back then, cartoon characters seldom touched unless they hit each other. But one day Ollie said, 'You know, the act of two people holding hands communicates in a powerful way.' And he was right. His warmth made a difference in so many of our characters."
Ollie animated such memorable friendships as those of Baloo and Mowgli in The Jungle Book and the sycophantic relationship between Sir Hiss and Prince John in Robin Hood. And he valued his own relationship with the characters he animated, including Thumper from Bambi, Mr. Smee from Peter Pan, and the trio of fanciful fairies from Sleeping Beauty. "They were all good friends whom I remember fondly," he once said.
Born in Palo Alto, California, on October 31, 1912, Ollie attended grammar school on the campus of Stanford University, where his father served as professor of romance languages. After graduating from Palo Alto High School, he returned to Stanford and spent his last year of study at Chouinard Art Institute in Los Angeles.
On January 21, 1935, Ollie joined the Walt Disney Studio as an apprentice animator, working on early Disney shorts such as Mickey's Garden and The Tortoise and the Hare, which won an Academy Award® for Best Short Subject (Cartoons). He went on to work as animator and directing animator on more than 24 feature films, including Snow White and the Seven DwarfsFantasiaSong of the SouthCinderellaAlice in WonderlandLady and the Tramp, and Sleeping Beauty.
An avid train enthusiast, Ollie created a backyard railroad at his home and was instrumental in helping stir Walt Disney's own personal interest in trains.
After 43 years with the Studio, Ollie retired in 1978. He went on to co-author four books with Frank Thomas, beginning with the definitive Disney Animation: The Illusion of Life. This was followed by Too Funny for Words: Disney's Greatest Sight GagsWalt Disney's Bambi: The Story and the Film, and The Disney Villain.
He and Frank were the subjects of the 1995 documentary Frank and Ollie, which chronicles their unique friendship from its beginnings at Stanford to their creative relationship at Disney. That same year, Disney artists paid tribute to the legendary animators in the Mickey Mouse short Runaway Brain, which featured a villain whimsically named "Dr. Frankenollie." Frank and Ollie also made vocal cameos in two animated features by director Brad Bird, 1999's The Iron Giant and the 2004 Pixar Animation Studios film The Incredibles.
On November 10, 2005, Ollie was presented the prestigious National Medal of the Arts by President George W. Bush at a ceremony in the Oval Office.
Ollie passed away on April 14, 2008, in Sequim, Washington—the last surviving member of Walt's legendary "Nine Old Men."
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Frank Thomas and Johnston goof around on the Stanford campus, circa 1932.
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"March 23, 1936, a most important day," wrote Johnston years later. "I become Fred Moore's assistant." One of Disney's most gifted animators, Moore makes a drawing for Johnston.
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Vladimir Tytla brought strong inner emotions to animation acting for the first time; here he draws the magnificent devil on Bald Mountain for Fantasia.
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Pinocchio might be made out of wood, but he acts like a real kid; Johnston literally brought Pinocchio to life in his earliest scenes.
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Pinocchio (Seq. 4.9, Sc. 21) (00:48:24–27)
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Pinocchio's nose begins to grow.
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Johnston animated plump cupids and sultry centaurettes in Fantasia's Pastoral Symphony; A makeup moment in the "Pastoral" sequence. Clean-up artists would later add floral covers to the topless centaurettes.
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Bambi's early attempt to walk was poetry in motion.
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Thumper advises Bambi that clover's green parts "sure is awful stuff to eat!" and tells him a secret.
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Johnston finds the right staging for Peter and Grandpa in this layout sketch.
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"The simplicity, the honesty, the emotion. The essence of a little kid with his toy gun going into the wood. All of that was there," says Andreas Deja in praising Johnston's animation of Peter in Peter and the Wolf.
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Brer Rabbit is all shook up by Brer Bear's grip.
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Brer Fox proved Ollie could handle more eccentric animation.
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Johnny stays in the air just a beat longer than is realistic, adding elegance to the scene.
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Not only does Ollie plays up the comedy in Ichabod's animation, but the much more realistic Brom Bones goes through a hysterical routine as well.
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Making Anastasia as ugly as possible.
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Although Ollie found working with live-action reference challenging, he admitted that he learnt a lot from the experience.
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Alice (Seq. 3, Sc. 22) (00:09:04–07)
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Peter Pan model sheet of Mr. Smee, who was animated by Ollie Johnston.
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Smee is one of Ollie's most entertaining creations.
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Smee (Seq. 11, Sc. 6) (00:53:15–19)
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Trusty, the old bloodhound who has lost his sense of smell.
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Trusty (Seq. 11, Sc. 17) (01:02:35–39)
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Watching Johnston draw are, left to right, Milt Kahl, Marc Davis, Frank Thomas, Walt Disney, and director Wilfred Jackson.
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Flora and Fauna gently encourage Merryweather to give her gift.
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Ollie observes the anatomy and motion of real Dalmatians; A rough concept sketch for the moment when Pongo faces Cruella De Vil for the first time.
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Pongo straining to catch up with Anita and Perdita.
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Nanny is similar in style to Merryweather from Sleeping Beauty.
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Wart, Merlin, and Archimedes from The Sword in the Stoneanimated by Johnston.
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Johnston and Thomas make like penguins at a Mary Poppins story session.
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The penguin waiters from Mary Poppins.
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Baloo's dance walk was inspired by a demonstration given by Walk Disney.
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Baloo (Seq. 4, Sc. 126) (00:26:46–51)
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Although a dog-owner, The Aristocats proved that Ollie also had an affinity for felines.
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The insecure Prince John; Ollie captures the uneasy relationship between two comic villains.
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Ollie Johnston put a lot of himself into his role of the orphan Penny and the cat Rufus in The Rescuers.
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A Johnston exposure sheet for a scene in which Rufus reacts to the orphan Penny saying she was not adopted because another girl was chosen who "was prettier than me."
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Johnston explored personality in key pose drawings, and also made numerous thumbnail sketches laying out action and positions for important dialogue.
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Ollie's final animation assignment was The Fox and the Hound.
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Christmas in Flintridge, 1984: John Canemaker seated on Johnston's model steam locomotive, with (left to right) Ollie Johnston, Jeanette Thomas, Frank Thomas, and Marie Johnston.
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In the 1980s, animator/authors Frank and Ollie struck a running pose similar to one at Stanford nearly fifty years before.
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Ollie Johnston and Frank Thomas performing for the 1995 documentary Frank and Ollie, coproduced by Theodore Thomas and Kuniko Okubo.
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Glen Keane Remembering Ollie
It is 1975, and for over 35 years Ollie has had the corner office 1D-12 at the end of the "Hall of Kings," referring to the animation greats who share that wing with him.
I am filled with awe as I knock on his door and hear Ollie's soft, airy voice say with a blend of humility and curiosity, "Come in?"
Entering, I see Ollie dressed in his cardigan sweater, surrounded by delicate pencil studies of Penny from The Rescuers. On the wall is a photo of his pride and joy, a full-sized locomotive in the snow on his property in Julian, California.
Resting on the table behind him is a brown paper sack. He and Frank Thomas are creatures of habit and sit together each day over lunch talking about the sequences they are working on, plotting how to convince the director, "Woolie" Reitherman, to see things their way. Like inseparable brothers, they have worn a path in the floor between their offices.
Holding out a wrinkled stack of animation paper, I ask, "Ollie, can you take a look at my scene?"
Without hesitation Ollie takes my drawings, and after deftly flipping them several times so he can study the movement, he takes the top and bottom drawings and sets aside the hundred or so in-betweens and comments, "I think these two are all you need. They will be our Golden Poses."
I stand behind peering over his shoulder as the master places a clean sheet over one of my drawings and proceeds to sketch with his "Kobalt Hell" blue-colored pencil. His hand moves effortlessly as his pencil appears to just "kiss" the paper.
I watch in amazement as my stiff, rudimentary drawing of a little girl is transformed into a living, breathing being. The world and the room seem to disappear, and I can actually feel the softness of her cheeks, the intensity in her brows, the sculpted dimension of her form. She appears to be alive. "Don't draw what the character is doing he says. "Draw what the character is thinking."
This is the hallmark of all of Ollie's animation, from Thumper to Mr. Smee to Mowgli. His characters actually simmer with the spark of life.
Ollie Johnston was not only a master animator but a gifted teacher who broke down the dizzying complexities of animation into bite-size principles that even the most neophyte animator could apply.
Thirty-six years later, I still see Ollie drawing.
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 Jolly old Saint Nicholas,
Lean your ear this way.
Don't you tell a single soul
What I'm going to say.

Christmas Eve is coming soon.
Now, you dear old man,
Whisper what you'll bring to me,
Tell me if you can. ♪
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John Lounsbery (19111976)

Legends Award Category: Animation

Year Inducted: 1989


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Animator, PinocchioFantasiaVictory Through Air PowerThe Three CaballerosMake Mine MusicMary PoppinsThe Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh.
Directing animator, DumboSong of the SouthFun and Fancy FreeThe Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. ToadCinderellaAlice in WonderlandPeter PanLady and the TrampSleeping BeautyOne Hundred and One DalmatiansThe Sword in the StoneThe Jungle BookThe AristoCatsRobin Hood.
Co-director, The Many Adventures of Winnie the PoohThe Rescuers.
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Randy Haycock.
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John Lounsbery had his own special way of looking at things, according to fellow animators Frank Thomas and Ollie Johnston. In their book, Disney Animation: The Illusion of Life, they wrote that no matter how bad a situation might be, John could always make "some funny observation to lighten the situation."
And while shy by nature, John created animated characters that were anything but. Thomas and Johnston wrote, "Hardly subtle, John's characters were always fun to watch."
In fact, John once said that one of his all-time favorite characters was the bold and unabashed Ben Ali, the dancing alligator, who starred in the "Dance of the Hours" sequence of Fantasia.
Other memorable characters he animated include the "less-than" Honest John from Pinocchio, faithful Timothy the mouse in Dumbo, and the ever-so-jolly Tony the cook from Lady and the Tramp.
The youngest of three sons, John was born March 9, 1911, in Cincinnati, Ohio, and raised in Colorado, where he enjoyed winter sports, drawing and summer trips to the mountains. After graduating from East Denver High School, he enrolled in the Art Institute of Denver, where he received his diploma in 1932. That same year, John moved to Los Angeles; there, he worked as a freelance commercial artist while attending illustration courses at the Art Center School of Design. One of the school's instructors spotted John's talent and pointed him in the direction of the Walt Disney Studio, which was searching for artists at the time.
In 1935, John joined Disney's animation team and, for several years, he specialized in "Pluto" shorts, such as Pluto's PlaymatePluto at the Zoo, and Private Pluto, among others. Later, he was promoted to directing animator on such classic Disney films as DumboSong of the SouthAlice in WonderlandPeter PanLady and the TrampSleeping BeautyThe Jungle BookThe Aristocats, and Robin Hood.
He also served as directing animator on such beloved Pooh featurettes as Winnie the Pooh and the Honey Tree and Winnie the Pooh and the Blustery Day, which won an Academy Award® in the category of Best Short Subject (Cartoons). John also directed Winnie the Pooh and Tigger Too, which earned an Oscar® nomination.
John Lounsbery passed away on February 13, 1976, in Los Angeles. At the time of his death, he was still giving Disney his all as one of the directors of the animated feature The Rescuers.
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A couple of key drawings show the potential in young John Lounsbery as an animator.
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Honest John and Gideon have their eyes set on Pinocchio.
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Honest John and Gideon (Seq. 3, Sc. 45.2) (00:34:24–37)
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Fantasia conductor Leopold Stokowski chats with Lounsbery who draws a dancing alligator in love with a hippo ballerina. "Thanks to this assignment," wrote John Culhane, "Johnny Lounsbery became a star animator."
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Ben Ali Gator has all the style of a professional dancer.
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Voice actor Ed Brophy (right) and Norm Ferguson (left) watch Lounsbery draw Timothy Mouse from Dumbo.
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Lounsbery ponders a plaster maquette of Dumbo.
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Dumbo experiences the effects of champagne.
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Enormous teeth and drooling saliva enhance the Wolf's horrifying personality.
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Brer Rabbit persuades Brer Bear to take on his job.
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Lounsbery animating Willie the Giant from the "Mickey and the Beanstalk" in Fun and Fancy Free.
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A not so giant-size sneeze from Willie.
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Jaq and Gus need to outsmart Lucifer in order to collect clothing items for Cinderella's dress.
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Bruno, the dog and Major, the horse begin their magical transformation.
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"Who are you?"
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The Mad Hatter explains to Alice what an unbirthday is.
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The friendly and sympathetic Red Rose.
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Because of his outgoing personality, Mr. Darling becomes the most engaging character in this sequence from Peter Pan.
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Tony (Seq. 7, Sc. 68) (00:46:12–14)
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Tony serenades Lady and Tramp.
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Bull's unusual mouth configuration helped to create entertaining dialogue scenes.
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The professor tries unsuccessfully to convince the policeman that he is not Tramp's owner.
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King Hubert (Seq. 13, Sc. 28) (00:43:00–03)
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King Hubert brandishes an unusual weapon during his disagreement with King Stefan.
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John's work on one of Maleficent's goons.
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Jasper and Horace Badun from One Hundred and One Dalmatians.
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The Colonel presented the challenge of how to show expression without visible eyes.
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Sergeant Tibs, a cat about to be imbibed by Jasper Badun, a bad one in One Hundred and One Dalmatians.
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Merlin (Seq. 2, Sc. 309) (00:15:01–07)
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A model sheet for the bumbling wolf in Sword in the Stone.
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Lounsbery at work on the character in 1963.
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Mim as a chicken and a rhino.
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The retired Colonel Hathi still retains his military bearing.
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John Lounsbery enjoyed bringing the elephants' oversized personalities to life.
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Baloo and King Louie (Seq. 7, Sc. 68) (00:37:17–18)
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Lounsbery and Wolfgang Reitherman try out a routine for the elderly lawyer in The Aristocats.
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Georges Hautecourt and Edgar from The Aristocats.
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The Sheriff of Nottingham collects tax money from inside Otto's cast.
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Lounsbery (center) consulting with Reitherman (right) on Winnie the Pooh and Tigger Too.
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Dale Baer (1950–2021) Remembering John
John Lounsbery was described by people who knew him as modest, unassuming, quiet, unselfish, the soul of kindness, self-effacing; a gentleman. His animation stood out above the rest. His mastery of "'squash and stretch" made his work so entertaining to watch. As broad as it was, his characters were still believable, sincere, and above all, funny.
Johnny was the go-to guy for all us young people. Tweaking a few lines here and there, he'd show you how to strengthen the poses, working from what you came up with. You always left his office feeling good about yourself.
Beginning his apprenticeship under Norm Ferguson, I don't think Johnny ever forgot what it was like starting out. He was not an envious person. You never heard a bad word out of him about anyone. The one thing that showed up on a couple of occasions was insecurities about himself, which wasn't helped by some of his peers. And when you're a young guy with your own insecurities just coming into this business, it is hard to believe that someone of John's caliber and experience could feel that way too.
Johnny was being groomed to replace "Woolie," upon Reitherman's retirement, to direct. It was something John really didn't want to do. When I asked him as he was packing his office to move upstairs what it was like becoming a director, all he could say was, "I just want to be a good animator someday."
I knew Johnny only five years, not nearly long enough to absorb his 40 years of knowledge. But what I did take, I hope, was his kindness, his willingness to share, and his encouragement.
John Lounsbery never commanded respect. He earned respect by being the gentleman that he was.
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 We wish you a merry Christmas,
We wish you a merry Christmas,
We wish you a merry Christmas
And a happy New Year.

Good tidings we bring
To you and your kin.
Good tidings for Christmas
And a happy New Year. 
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Wolfgang Reitherman (19091985)

Legends Award Category: Animation

Year Inducted: 1989


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Animator, Snow White and the Seven DwarfsSaludos Amigos.
Directing animator, PinocchioDumboFun and Fancy FreeThe Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. ToadCinderellaAlice in WonderlandPeter PanLady and the Tramp.
Supervising animator, Fantasia.
Sequence director, Sleeping Beauty.
Director, One Hundred and One DalmatiansThe Sword in the StoneThe Jungle BookThe AristoCatsRobin Hood.
Co-producer, The AristoCatsThe Fox and the Hound.
Producer, Robin HoodThe Many Adventures of Winnie the PoohThe Rescuers.
Co-director, The Many Adventures of Winnie the PoohThe Rescuers.
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Pete Docter.
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Wolfgang "Woolie" Reitherman once described himself as "full of life and ginger," and his animation as having "vitality and … quality." Woolie's boundless energy and personality did indeed spill over into his animation; with an unusual knack for action sequences, Woolie animated such memorable sequences as the dramatic dinosaur battle in Fantasia, the climactic whale-chase scene in Pinocchio, and the fire-breathing clash between Prince Phillip and the Dragon in Sleeping Beauty.
Born in Munich, Germany, on June 26, 1909, Woolie came to the United States as an infant and was raised in Sierra Madre, California. Fascinated with airplanes and flying, he attended Pasadena Junior College with the intent of becoming an aircraft engineer and, later, took a job at Douglas Aircraft. In 1931, however, Woolie changed his career flight path when he decided to become an artist and enrolled at Chouinard Art Institute in Los Angeles to study watercolor. While there, he met an instructor who taught classes at the Walt Disney Studio and, in 1933, Woolie joined the Company's animation department.
Woolie once said about animation: "It was a romance from the start. "The minute you know you can make a drawing move, the static drawing loses its appeal: movement is life.
"Animation represents the greatest breakthrough in 20th-century art."
THIS IMAGE: Funny Little Bunnies, one of the first films Reitherman worked on.
During World War II, Woolie left the Studio to enlist with the U.S. Army Air Forces. He became an ace pilot, serving in Africa, India, China, and the South Pacific, earning the Distinguished Flying Cross. After the war, he returned to the Studio.
Over the years, Woolie contributed to more than 30 Disney shorts including Water BabiesMickey's Fire Brigade, and Donald in Mathmagic Land. He also contributed his animation skill to such classic animated features as Snow White and the Seven DwarfsCinderellaPeter PanLady and the TrampOne Hundred and One DalmatiansThe Jungle Book, and more.
In 1963, Woolie became the first animator in the history of the company to be given the directorial reins of an entire animated feature, with The Sword in the Stone. Among the films he directed include The Jungle Book (1967), The Aristocats (1970), and Robin Hood (1973). He also directed the cartoon featurette Winnie the Pooh and the Blustery Day, which won an Academy Award® in 1969.
After Walt Disney's untimely death in 1966, Woolie helped unify the Studio's stable of egos and talent. As fellow animator Frank Thomas recalled, Woolie was a "very strong leader" during that unsettling time. After nearly 50 years with the Studio, Woolie retired in 1981.
Woolie Reitherman passed away on May 22, 1985, in Burbank, California.
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Major Wolfgang Reitherman in uniform during World War II.
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To make the Magic Mirror's face perfectly symmetrical, Woolie drew one half and then traced the other.
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Reitherman captures the enormous scale of Monstro.
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Monstro (Seq. 10.9, Sc. 8) (01:16:25–56)
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By blocking in the dinosaurs' anatomy, Woolie gained control over their colossal body masses and perspective.
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Tyrannosaurus Rex (Seq. 8.6, Sc. 43)
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Woolie's talents range from realistic drama to outrageous comedy.
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A mouse that walks like a human looking like a mouse.
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Reitherman became a specialist in animating the slapstick actions of Goofy.
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Goofy and Horse (Sc. 37)
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Ichabod and Katrina (Seq. 7, Sc. 21)
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The chase sequence in The Legend of Sleepy Hollow had dramatic action, interspersed with pauses for the audience to catch their breath.
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Woolie emphasizes the weight of the large key, an almost unmanageable obstacle.
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The White Rabbit is in constant fear of being late.
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Reitherman said: "Nobody is going to worry about a gag's logic, if it's funny."; Reitherman animated Captain Hook as both a buffoon and a dangerous threat in Peter Pan.
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Woolie draws for Kathryn Beaumont, the voice of Pan's Wendy.
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During this fight sequence, realistic drawing was required to make the action believable.
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Real drama as Tramp fights the rat.
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Eric Cleworth animated many scenes for the fight under Woolie's direction.
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Left to right, Ken AndersonBill Peet, Wolfgang Reitherman, and Hamilton Luske discuss a car accident for 101 Dalmatians.
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"I became a director," Reitherman once said, "because Walt said, 'Be a director!' And also because I wanted to be a director."
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Reitherman directs voice talent: LEFT, Maurice Chevalier, who sang the title song for The Aristocats, and, RIGHT, Nancy Kulp and Sterling Holloway who (in the same film) played, respectively, a horse and a mouse.
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Wolfgang Reitherman in his seventies.
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Don Hahn Remembering Woolie
Wolfgang "Woolie" Reitherman was a man's man. Perpetually clad in a Hawaiian shirt, he reeked of the confidence that came from his years as an ace pilot during World War II, where he flew in Africa, India, China, and the South Pacific and earned a Distinguished Flying Cross medal.
Woolie joined Disney in 1933. His animation—the dinosaur battle in Fantasia, Monstro the whale in Pinocchio, and the clash between Prince Phillip and the dragon in Sleeping Beauty—mirrored the way he lived his life: powerful and full of vitality, energy, and quality.
He soon emerged as a natural leader, so much so that Walt Disney left him the keys to the Animation department in the mid-1960s as Disney's attentions turned to Disneyland, television, and live-action films. After Walt's death in 1966, Woolie became the galvanizing force of the animation crew during a very unsettling time.
I worked closely with him as an assistant director. The day I met him, he shook my hand with a grip that dislodged my ring finger. If John Wayne and Robert Mitchum had a baby, it would have been Woolie. When he talked, he had the habit of chomping on an unlit cigar until the end was horribly soggy, whereupon he would reach into his drawer, pull out a stained pair of scissors, cut off the end, and continue chomping away, all without missing a word.
He talked about flying a Grumman F6F Hellcat on a bombing run. I talked about my new Volkswagen Beetle. We compared favorite movies. His was The Guns of Navarone, mine was Chitty Chitty Bang Bang.
I got the job, but I knew this guy would forever influence my life. Woolie was not a fanboy animator, nor a cartoonist; he was a filmmaker who drew deeply from his life experience. He was a creative producer like Walt Disney, and I knew I wanted to be just like him someday.
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 Up on the housetop, the reindeer pause;
Out jumps good ol' Santa Claus!
Down through the chimney with lots of toys,
All for the little ones' Christmas joys.

Ho! Ho! Ho! Who wouldn't go?
Ho! Ho! Ho! Who wouldn't go?
Up on the housetop, click, click, click!
Down through the chimney with good St. Nick. 
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Milt Kahl (19091987)

Legends Award Category: Animation

Year Inducted: 1989


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Animator, Snow White and the Seven DwarfsSaludos AmigosThe Three CaballerosMake Mine MusicMary PoppinsThe Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh.
Directing animator, PinocchioSong of the SouthMelody TimeThe Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. ToadCinderellaAlice in WonderlandPeter PanLady and the TrampSleeping BeautyOne Hundred and One DalmatiansThe Sword in the StoneThe Jungle BookThe AristoCatsRobin HoodThe Rescuers.
Supervising animator, Bambi.
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Randy Haycock, James Baxter.
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Fellow animators recognized the extraordinary draftsmanship of Milt Kahl early in his Disney career. Fellow animator and Disney Legend Ollie Johnston recalled how, during the making of Pinocchio, a senior animator at the time responded to Milt's drawings. Ollie said, "One morning Freddie Moore burst into my room saying, 'Hey, you ought to see the drawings [of Pinocchio] this guy Milt Kahl is doing.'" Walt Disney recognized Milt's talent as well, and named him supervising animator over the artists who brought Pinocchio to life.
Years later, when The Sword in the Stone director and Disney Legend Woolie Reitherman saw Milt's first rough drawings of Merlin the magician and Madame Mim, he reportedly turned to Milt and said, "These things look so beautiful, they could hang in a museum." To this, Milt responded with a characteristic "Aw… You're full of it!"
Because Milt was so good at his craft, he was often assigned the toughest of Disney tasks: animating human characters, such as Peter Pan, Alice of Alice in Wonderland, and Prince Phillip from Sleeping Beauty.
He was just as adept at animating animal characters, including Bambi, the snooty llama from Saludos Amigos, and Brer Rabbit, Brer Fox and Brer Bear in Song of the South.
Milt was born in San Francisco in 1909, and later attended school in the city. He cut his high school education short, however, to pursue his dream of becoming a magazine illustrator or cartoonist. While studying art, he worked retouching photos and pasting up layouts at the now defunct Oakland Post-Enquirer, followed by the San Francisco Bulletin. Milt then started his own commercial art business, which limped along after the Great Depression hit. During this time, he saw the Disney short Three Little Pigs at a local theater and became mesmerized by the possibilities of this exciting young art form called "animation."
In June 1934, Milt applied to the Walt Disney Studio and was hired to work as an assistant animator on such shorts as Mickey's CircusLonesome Ghosts, and The Ugly Duckling, which won an Oscar® for Best Short Subject (Cartoons). Over the years, Milt contributed to such Disney features as Melody TimeThe Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. ToadCinderellaLady and the TrampOne Hundred and One DalmatiansThe Jungle Book, and The Rescuers, among others.
After nearly 40 years with Disney, Milt retired from the Studio in 1976. He then returned to his native Bay Area to pursue other interests, including sculpting delicate wire into human figures, such as dancing ballerinas.
Milt Kahl passed away on April 19, 1987, in Mill Valley, California.
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Two movie posters drawn by Kahl for San Francisco's For West Coast Theatres.
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Early design concepts and Kahl's improved look for the character.
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Kahl in 1940.
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Milt's redesign of Pinocchio made the wooden puppet more boyish, which impressed Walt.
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Pinocchio (Seq. 8.5, Sc. 24) (01:05:46–48)
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The animator in a 1983 television documentary.
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Late for work, Jiminy Cricket dresses on the run, a Kahl masterpiece of animation timing, staging, and acting.
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The sad attitude of the little duckling communicates a level of pathos rarely achieved before in animation. Milt chose this slow, aimless walk to portray loneliness.
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A dove blushes on the Prince's hand after having delivered a kiss from Snow White; An emotionally charged drawing shows a group of animals mourning the death of the princess.
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Milt Kahl's rough animation sketches exploring movement and designs for Bambi.
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Milt's knowledge about weight and momentum shines through in the sequence where Bambi is trying to jump over the fallen log.
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Kahl's streamlined designs for Bambi and Thumper.
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A wide smile for a smitten Bambi.
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Bambi in love.
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The dancing llama from Saludos Amigos is a joy to watch.
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Kahl animating Brer Rabbit from Song of the South.
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These Kahl sketches show a perfect and appealing mix of human and animal traits.
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A model sheet for Pecos Bill made up of Kahl animation drawings.
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The Duke from Cinderella.
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The Grand Duke (Seq. 5.1, Sc. 193) (01:12:00–03)
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"Never underestimate the benefit of props."
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Alice displays a range of emotions during her trial.
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Alice struggles with a giggly flamingo in complex animation by Kahl for Alice in Wonderland.
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Peter Pan

The adventurous leader of the Lost Boys who whisks the Darling children away to Never Land.
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Early pre-animation character designs for Peter Pan.
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Wendy Darling

Oldest of the Darling children, an eternal believer, mother figure to the Lost Boys and friend to Peter Pan.
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This early introductory scene of Tramp represents some of Milt's best work.
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The model sheet for the prince shows subtle stylization within carefully designed poses.
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Kahl grudgingly "stuck with" animating the difficult prince and his horse.
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King Hubert and Prince Phillip (Seq. 13, Sc. 52) (00:44:51–57)
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King Hubert and King Stefan provided a chance for expressive animation and contrasting attitudes.
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Although still based on live-action reference, the graphic design of Anita in One Hundred and One Dalmatians was a new direction for Milt Kahl; Pongo and Roger's reaction as the birth of a puppy litter is announced.
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Madam Mim turned out to be one of Milt's favorite characters.
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Kahl grimaces while drawing Sir Kay from The Sword in the Stone.
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The fox from Mary Poppins.
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A character model sheet for Shere Khan made up of a variety of expressions and poses from Kahl's animation.
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Shere Khan is a masterpiece of subtle personality animation.
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The tiger Shere Khan toys with and subtly threatens Kaa the snake in The Jungle Book.
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A diagram by Walt Stanchfield analyzing two Kahl animation drawings of Tigger in Winnie the Pooh and the Blustery Day.
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Milt's human characters for The Aristocats.
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Georges Hautecourt (Seq. 4, Sc. 1.1) (00:03:55–59)
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"Cats!"
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King Leonidas interacts with his long-suffering assistant.
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Brer Fox from 1946; Robin Hood from 1973.
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Figuring out ideas for poses and acting patterns.
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Exploratory sketches by Kahl of Madame Medusa, his final assignment at the Disney studio.
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Medusa is an animated force to be reckoned with—wildly eccentric while enormously entertaining to watch.
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Milt Kahl's exposure sheet (a timing chart used by animators) for a scene with Medusa in The Rescuers.
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Madame Medusa (Seq. 7, Sc. 300) (00:51:19–23)
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The Rescuers heroine Penny, a spunky little girl as drawn by Kahl.
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A final drawing of Medusa made for his assistant Stan Green, when Kahl abruptly departed the studio.
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An example of Kahl's delicate wire sculptures, a hobby he took up after retiring from Disney in 1976.
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Andreas Deja Remembering Milt
As an art student in the late seventies, I wrote a fan letter to Milt Kahl, complimenting him on his superb animation and characters. It took a while, but I received a response. He thanked me for my flattering remarks and informed me that he had left the field of animation and lived in retirement near San Francisco. I was shocked. Without Milt Kahl, who would design new characters and set drawing standards for future Disney films? It seemed like the end of an era.
For almost 40 years, Milt Kahl's drawings and animation had influenced and changed the style of Disney animation. The characters in Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs were drawn in a round and dimensional way; by Sleeping Beauty, Milt's sense for strong graphic design helped create a new look for Disney animation.
Walt Disney was very fortunate to have Milt Kahl on his animation team. Many of the other animators would ask the master draftsman for help to improve their drawings.
This gave visual continuity to a character animated by several artists. Milt cussed and yelled in frustration as he redrew and improved a colleague's scene. "Why can't these guys draw like me?"
Once during the production of Peter Pan, in which Milt supervised the animation of the title character, Walt wasn't pleased with all the different looking Pans in the screening. Milt bluntly responded: "That's because you don't have any talent in this place!"
Of course Walt disagreed. Ollie Johnston later said that Milt was the only animator who could get away with arguing with the boss.
Milt's animation is unique. His characters always move with believable weight. His acting choices show a great sense of personality. Milt said he could animate anything well, and he was right.
Whether he drew a dancing llama, a prince, a newborn deer, or an evil tiger, his talent had no limits.
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Paul J. Smith; lyrics by Gil George

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 From all of us to all of you,
A very merry Christmas
For all this bright and joyful night,
We're glad to have you with us
So gather 'round the lovely tree,
Where all the lights are shining
You'll see how happy we will be
While all the bells are chiming

Ding-dong-dingle! What a merry sound!
Ding-dong-dingle! Kris Kringle is in town
From all of us to all of you,
It's good to have you with us
Now here we go and here's our show
That says a very, merry, Christmas! 
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The Disney Legends
Administration: Donn Tatum*, Card Walker†, Frank Wells*, Don Escen†, Masatomo Takahashi†, Lucille Martin†, Tom Murphy†, Dave Smith†, Harry Archinal†, Ray Watson†, Robert Price "Bob" Foster*.
Administration, Animation, Family & Film: Roy E. Disney†.
Animation: Les Clark*, Ollie Johnston†, Milt Kahl*, Eric Larson*, John Lounsbery*, Wolfgang "Woolie" Reitherman*, Frank Thomas†, Carl Barks†, Joe Grant†, Jack Hannah†, David Hand*, Fred Moore*, Bill Peet†, Virginia Davis†, Wilfred Jackson*, Bill Tytla*, Norm Ferguson*, Hamilton Luske*, Grace Bailey*, Becky Fallberg†, Dodie Roberts†, Retta Scott*, Ruthie Tompson†, Tyrus Wong†, Floyd Gottfredson*, Mel Shaw†, Al Dempster*, Joe Ranft*, Art Babbitt*, Marge Champion†, Dick Huemer*, Floyd Norman, Burny Mattinson†, Walt Peregoy†, Steve Jobs*, Glen Keane, Andreas Deja, Eyvind Earle*, Clyde Geronimi*, Mark Henn.
Animation & Film: Don DaGradi*, Bob Moore†, James Algar*, Ben Sharpsteen*, Don Hahn.
Animation, Film & Television: Bill Anderson*.
Animation & Imagineering: Marc Davis†, Ub Iwerks*, Ward Kimball†, John Hench†, Ken Anderson†, Mary Blair*, Claude Coats†, Ken O'Connor†, Bill Cottrell†, X Atencio†, Bill Justice†, Yale Gracey*, Joyce Carlson†.
Animation & Television: Roy Williams*.
Attractions: Joe Fowler†, Van France†, Jack Lindquist†, Wally Boag†, Fulton Burley†, Edward Meck*, Betty Taylor†, Bob Allen*, Bob Matheison†, Joe Potter*, Dick Nunis†, Charlie Ridgway†.
Attractions & Imagineering: Ralph Kent†, Leota Toombs Thomas*.
Consumer Products: Antonio Bertini, Armand Bigle†, Horst Koblischek†, Gunnar Mansson†, André Vanneste*, Kay Kamen*, Matsuo Yokoyama, Al Konetzni†, Neil Beckett*, Barton "Bo" Boyd*, Carson Van Osten†.
Consumer Products & Film: Cyril James*.
Costume Design: Colleen Atwood.
Family: Edna Francis Disney*, Lillian Disney*.
Film: Fred MacMurray†, Julie Andrews, Winston Hibler*, Peter Ellenshaw†, Irving Ludwig†, Dean Jones†, Angela Lansbury†, Roberto de Leonardis*, Cyril Edgar*, Wally Feignoux*, Armand Palivoda*, Glynis Johns†, Paul Kenworthy†, Hayley Mills, Al and Elma Milotte*, Norman "Stormy" Palmer†, Lloyd Richardson†, Kurt Russell, Dick Van Dyke, Bill Garity*, Bob Broughton†, Ken Annakin†, Hugh Attwooll*, Maurice Chevalier*, John Mills†, Robert Stevenson*, David Tomlinson*, Richard Fleischer†, Tim Conway†, Matthew Garber*, Bob Schiffer*, Don Iwerks, Ed Wynn*, Johnny Depp, Carrie Fisher*, Mark Hamill, Robert Downey Jr., Jon Favreau, Bette Midler, Chadwick Boseman*, James Cameron, Jamie Lee Curtis, Harrison Ford.
Film & Imagineering: Harper Goff*, Marvin Davis†.
Film & Music: Danny Elfman.
Film, Parks & Resorts, Television: Paul Frees*.
Film & Publishing: Stan Lee†.
Film & Television: Fess Parker†, Bill Walsh*, Annette Funicello†, Buddy Ebsen†, Rex Allen†, Larry Lansburgh†, Tim Allen, Robert Newton*, Richard Todd†, Buddy Hackett*, Karen Dotrice, David Stollery, Ginny Tyler†, Jim Henson*, Billy Crystal, John Goodman, Whoopi Goldberg, Garry Marshall*, Oprah Winfrey, Kenny Ortega, Patrick Dempsey, Angela Bassett, Frank Oz.
Film & Voice: Robin Williams†, Kristen Bell, Josh Gad, Jonathan Groff, Idina Menzel.
Imagineering: Roger Broggie†, Richard Irvine*, Herb Ryman*, Bill Evans†, Blaine Gibson†, Bill Martin†, Wathel Rogers†, Sam McKim†, Harriet Burns†, Fred Joerger†, Marty Sklar†, Orlando Ferrante, Buzz Price†, Rolly Crump†, Alice Estes Davis†, Bob Gurr, Randy Bright*, Don Edgren†, Carl Bongirno†, Bob Booth†, Neil Gallagher*, Dorothea Redmond†, Tony Baxter, Collin Campbell*, Wayne Jackson, Wing T. Chao, Rob't Coltrin, Doris Hardoon, Joe Rohde.
Music: The Sherman Brothers†, Paul J. Smith*, Lucien Adés*, Buddy Baker†, Howard Ashman*, George Bruns*, Frank Churchill*, Leigh Harline*, Alan Menken, Ned Washington*, Phil Collins, Tim Rice, Tutti Camarata†, Irwin Kostal*, Elton John, Jimmy Johnson*, Randy Newman, Oliver Wallace*, Hans Zimmer, Chris Montan, John Williams.
Music & Television: Christina Aguilera, Miley Cyrus.
Parks & Resorts: Ron Dominguez†, Chuck Abbott*, Milt Albright†, Hideo Amemiya*, Hideo "Indian" Aramaki*, Charles Boyer†, James Cora†, Bob Jani*, Mary Jones†, Art Linkletter†, Mary Anne Mang, Steve Martin, Tom Nabbe, Jack Olsen*, Cicely Rigdon†, William Sullivan†, Jack Wagner*, Vesey Walker*, Ron Logan†, Toshio Kagami, Bonita Wrather*, Jack Wrather*, George Lucas, Julie Reihm Casaletto, Barnette Ricci, Martha Blanding.
Publishing: Angel Angelopoulos*, Gaudenzio Capelli, Didier Fouret, Mario Gentilini*, Arnoldo Mondadori*, Poul Brahe Pedersen*, Paul Winkler*, Al Taliaferro*, Manuel Gonzales*, Jack Kirby*, Steve Ditko*.
Television: Jimmie Dodd*, Leonard Goldenson*, Tim Considine†, Kevin Corcoran†, Peter Jennings*, Tommy Kirk†, Roone Arledge*, Frank Gifford†, Barbara Walters†, Bea Arthur*, Estelle Getty*, Rue McClanahan†, Betty White†, Regis Philbin†, Guy Williams*, Dick Clark*, George Bodenheimer, Susan Lucci, Robin Roberts, Diane Sawyer, Anthony Anderson, Ellen Pompeo, Tracee Ellis Ross, James L. Brooks, Kelly Ripa.
Television & Voice: Ming-Na Wen.
Theatrical: Julie Taymor.
Voice: Sterling Holloway†, Pinto Colvig*, Jimmy Macdonald*, Clarence Nash*, Adriana Caselotti†, Thurl Ravenscroft†, Betty Lou Gerson†, Kathryn Beaumont, Mary Costa, Cliff Edwards*, Dick Jones†, Ilene Woods†, Wayne Allwine†, Russi Taylor†, Tony Anselmo, Bill Farmer, Jodi Benson, Linda Larkin, Paige O'Hara, Anika Noni Rose, Lea Salonga, James Earl Jones†.
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Personalities of the Parks
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November 18, 2016Charlie Ridgway (Attractions • 1999)William Sullivan (Parks & Resorts • 2005).
November 20, 2016Dick Nunis (Attractions • 1999)Ron Logan (Parks & Resorts • 2007)Bob Matheison (Attractions • 1996)Tom Nabbe (Parks & Resorts • 2005).
If you're looking for a nifty background to take pictures of some of the most important and influential Disney Legends who ever worked in Walt Disney Parks and Resorts, you'd be hard pressed to find a better one than the sprawling 90-foot-tall centerpiece Disney Legend Mary Blair created for the Grand Canyon Concourse atrium at Disney's Contemporary Resort in Walt Disney World. We caught up with Charlie Ridgway (sadly, only weeks before his passing) and Bill Sullivan (19362024) in front of this magical cavalcade of color to talk about the professional journeys they took on their way to receiving Disney Legends Awards.
"We worked with the greatest people," Charlie said during the interview. "I had so much fun, I worked until I was 82 years old! I had the great fortune to work with Walt, and he was an inspiration to everybody and a tremendous genius."
"We started out as kids and grew old in the business and we had 40 years of a wonderful life," Bill Sullivan says. "We worked hard, and we played hard, and we had a lot of fun doing it."
Outside, as the Monorail slides effortlessly down its track—another magical backdrop—we take an exclusive photograph of Dick NunisTom NabbeRon Logan, and Bob Matheison (19342020). Dick is also quick to credit Walt Disney. "It was a great honor to be named a Disney Legend," he says, his eyes squinting in that marvelous Florida sun. "But the greatest legend we ever had in the Company was Walt Disney, and I am so happy I worked alongside of him for 11 years. He was a great man. This park represented his vision of the future."
Tom Nabbe also began his journey with Walt Disney. "You have to remember: He hired me to be Tom Sawyer at Disneyland—which is always going to be one of the greatest memories I've ever had. I grew up with this company it's basically been my family and my life."
"The one thing I learned through the years, Disney Legend Ron Logan remembers, "Was give the people what they want, but exceed their expectations!"
"The greatest thing I learned from Walt," Bob Matheison says, "I learned at the New York World's Fair. I and Disney Legend Marc Davis were with Walt and we walked over to the Ford Magic Skyway pavilion. We walked straight to the VIP area and they tried to take us in a back way. But Walt hesitated. He kept saying no and went out and stood in the line—which was about two hours long at the time. To Walt, the special people were all the people that were waiting in line. He wanted to see how they were being treated. I never forgot that."
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Charlie Ridgway (1923–2016)
Attractions
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Dick Nunis (19322023)
Attractions
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Ron Logan (19382022)
Parks & Resorts
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Personalities of the Parks (cont.)
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Art Linkletter (1912–2010)
Parks & Resorts • 2005
"I went out to the Disneyland site with Walt one time," Art Linkletter once recalled. "I didn't want to spoil his enthusiasm. But after we had driven for about an hour south of Los Angeles, into the country and the orange groves, I thought 'Geez! Who's gonna come down here?'"
Luckily, Art's initial doubts proved unfounded, and on July 17, 1955, he announced to an eager television audience, "Well, this job in the next hour and a half's gonna be a delight." "And then the show opened, and history was made," Art recalled years later.
Walt Disney scored something of a coup in getting Art Linkletter as the primary host for his gala live broadcast of the opening of Disneyland. Art was a familiar and welcome visitor in American households, so much so that his best-known programs established records for longevity: People Are Funny aired on NBC (on radio and television) for 19 years, and was in the Top 10 for more than a decade. Art Linkletter's House Party ran on CBS Radio and then on television for 25 years, and was one of the top daytime shows from the day of its first broadcast in 1945.
Art is the only person in TV history to have five shows run concurrently on network TV. In addition, Art starred in and co-produced many spectaculars and specials, and acted in half a dozen dramatic shows and several motion pictures.
The one problem on opening day was that the Park had stretched Walt so thin financially, he could only afford to pay Art union scale for the job. A savvy businessman, in lieu of his fee, Art asked for (and received) the exclusive rights to the camera and film concessions at Disneyland for the next 10 years.
Born Gordon Arthur Kelly in Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, Canada, on July 17, 1912, Art was a star in show business for more than 60 years. In the process, he became one of the most respected and beloved media personalities in America. In addition to extraordinary success in entertainment and business, Art was a dedicated humanitarian, recognized for his work for numerous national foundations and his extensive involvement and experience in the health fields.
He received numerous honors, including the National Humanities Medal from President George W. Bush, and the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Academy of Television Arts and Sciences.
But Art humbly gave Walt a lot of credit in informing the fulfillment of his life and career. "He really gave me my idea of what success is in life, for myself, watching him. And that is, doing what you love to do, with people you enjoy being with. That's more important than anything else, 'cause life's not a rehearsal."
Art Linkletter passed away on May 26, 2010 at his home in Bel Air, Los Angeles, California.
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Marvin Davis (1910–1998)
Film & Imagineering • 1994
In the early 1950s, with a handful of artists, art directors, designers, architects, and animators, Marvin Davis developed the master plan for Walt Disney's latest dream, Disneyland. Over the years he worked closely with Walt in designing and laying out virtually every aspect of the Park's conceptualization and architecture, including Main Street, U.S.A., New Orleans Square, Sleeping Beauty Castle, the exterior of Haunted Mansion, and more.
As former senior vice president of Walt Disney Imagineering John Hench once recalled, "Because Marvin had a rich background in live-action motion picture design, he had a strong sense and understanding of theater and how to give life or meaning to structures, which, typically, most formally-trained architects aren't interested in.
"He knew how to create architectural form that had a message for people. For instance, his structures on Main Street, U.S.A. are irrepressibly optimistic."
Born in Clovis, New Mexico, on December 21, 1910, Marvin attended UCLA for two years before transferring to the University of Southern California. He graduated with a degree in architecture and, as top student in the class of 1935, he also received the prestigious American Institute of Architects medal. Two years later, Marvin won a job at 20th Century Fox, where he worked as an art director on such films as Gentlemen Prefer Blondes, starring Marilyn Monroe, and The Asphalt Jungle, directed by John Huston.
In 1953, he was invited by his friend, former Fox art director Dick Irvine, to join WED Enterprises. Today WED is known as Walt Disney Imagineering, the design and development arm of the Company charged with creating theme parks. Said Hench, "Marvin was very conscientious about developing the Park. He worked extremely hard to help bring Walt's dream to life, exactly as Walt envisioned it."
After the theme park's successful opening in the summer of 1955, Marvin returned to art directing motion pictures, including Disney's Moon PilotBabes in Toyland, and Big Red, as well as such television series as Zorro and Mickey Mouse Club. In 1962, he received an Emmy Award® for art direction and scenic design on Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color.
In 1965, Marvin returned to WED as a project designer for Walt Disney World in Florida. In addition to the master plan for the theme park and Walt's futuristic city of EPCOT, Marvin contributed to the design of resort hotels including the Contemporary, the Polynesian, and the Golf Resort. After 22 years with the Company, he retired in 1975.
Marvin Davis passed away on March 8, 1998, in Santa Monica, California.
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Joyce Carlson (1923–2008)
Animation & Imagineering • 2000
Joyce Carlson knows it's a small world. In fact, she's a bit of an expert on the Disney theme park attraction; she helped create the original it's a small world for the New York World's Fair of 1964, and later refitted it for its permanent home at Disneyland. But that's not all—she also helped create a new version of the attraction for Walt Disney World in 1971 and Tokyo Disneyland in 1983. So what's her favorite scene in the attraction?
"Though I've always liked the Europe scene with the balloon kids, can-can dancers, and Eiffel Tower, they're all my kids. I couldn't choose. You might say I've got a big family in it's a small world."
Joyce was born in Racine, Wisconsin, on March 16, 1923, and moved with her family to Southern California in 1938. After she graduated from Santa Monica High School, Joyce followed a friend to The Walt Disney Studios in Burbank in 1944. There, she took a job in the traffic department delivering pens, pencils, paints, and brushes to animators.
Six months later, she was hired by the Ink and Paint department—the "nunnery," as it was called, since mostly women worked there.
Because of her good eye and steady hand, Joyce worked as an inker for the next 16 years on such films as The Three CaballerosVictory Through Air PowerCinderellaPeter Pan, and Sleeping Beauty."
In 1960, inkers were being replaced by the new Xerox electrostatic process, which directly transferred animators' pencil drawings to cels. Joyce took her talents to Walt Disney Imagineering, then called WED Enterprises. There, she helped build miniature prototypes of attractions for the 1964 World's Fair pavilions and was among a small group of artists Walt Disney sent to New York to install it's a small world.
Because of her extensive experience with it's a small world, she was a natural to later help bring the attraction to Walt Disney World and Tokyo Disneyland. After spending 10 months in Tokyo in 1982, Joyce returned to the States and made Florida her new home. There, the show designer helped maintain many Walt Disney World attractions, and the Audio-Animatronics® characters featured in them, including the Carousel of Progress and, of course, it's a small world.
After 56 years with the Company, Joyce retired in February 2000. She continued to consult, however, passing along her trade secrets to young artists who help keep the attractions looking fresh and like new. "One thing they've learned from me is how to mix colors," she once explained. "They say, 'You want me to put in some raw umber?' – that's one of my secrets to perking up a color!"
Joyce Carlson passed away on January 2, 2008, in Orlando, Florida.
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Wathel Rogers (1919–2000)
Imagineering • 1995
Imagineer Wathel Rogers was the man to call whenever inanimate objects needed to come to life in grand Disney fashion. Wathel breathed life into the robotic Audio-Animatronics® figures featured in such theme park attractions as the Enchanted Tiki Room at Disneyland and The Hall of Presidents at Walt Disney World. Former senior vice president of Walt Disney Imagineering John Hench once recalled, "Wathel was always making everything come to life. If it was stationary and we wanted it to move, all we had to do was call Wathel and in his quiet, calm way, he'd make it work."
Born on June 29, 1919, in Stratton, Colorado, Wathel's unique sculpting ability became evident when, as a boy, he would make one-of-a-kind toys out of household items and other scrap material.
In 1937 he entered Chouinard Art Institute in Los Angeles and, from there, joined The Walt Disney Studios in 1939. Wathel worked first as an assistant animator and, later, as animator on such films as Pinocchio and Bambi.
World War II briefly interrupted his tenure; in 1943, he enlisted in the United States Marine Corps to serve as a staff sergeant in the photographic section. After the war he returned to Disney's Animation Department, where he contributed to such beloved classics as Alice in WonderlandCinderellaPeter PanLady and the Tramp, and Sleeping Beauty.
In his spare time, Wathel continued to sculpt and build toys, including model railroads, which caught Walt Disney's attention. Soon he was asked to contribute his sculpting talent to the Studio, creating props and miniatures for live-action films including Darby O'Gill and the Little People and The Absent-Minded Professor, as well as television shows including Mickey Mouse Club and Zorro.
In 1954, Walt asked Wathel to help develop the model shop for his latest project, Disneyland. Wathel became an ace Imagineer, assisting in the construction of architectural models during the Park's design and development phase.
One of Wathel's greatest challenges came when Walt assigned him to help research and construct a nine-inch-tall figure of a moving and talking man. "Project Little Man," as it was called, became the prototype of Audio-Animatronics® technology; Wathel was about to become known as "Mr. Audio-Animatronics."
In the early 1960s, Wathel continued to pioneer the new technology. Among his greatest achievements was the development of a robotic Abraham Lincoln for the Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln attraction, which debuted at the 1964-65 New York World's Fair. He also contributed to Pirates of the Caribbean and the Jungle Cruise; for the American Adventure at Epcot Center, he helped create the first "walking" Audio-Animatronics® figure, Benjamin Franklin.
Wathel Rogers passed away on August 25, 2000.
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X Atencio (1919–2017)
Animation & Imagineering • 1996
Walt Disney valued multi-talented artists like Xavier "X" Atencio, who helped animate Disney classics, including Fantasia, and later developed music for such Disneyland attractions as Pirates of the Caribbean. X once described the thrill of acknowledgment when, as a young artist, Walt first greeted him with a robust, "Hi ya', X!" X recalled, "Walt was a father image. You felt good merely having been in the presence of his dynamic personality."
Born in Walsenburg, Colorado, on September 4, 1919, X moved to Los Angeles in 1937 to attend Chouinard Art Institute. Instructors gently prodded the shy young artist to submit his portfolio to The Walt Disney Studios. He startled neighbors the next year when, running from the Company's Hyperion Studio to his aunt's house, he bolted past their homes shouting "I got a job at Disney!"
Within three years, X had been promoted to assistant animator on Fantasia. World War II sent him to England with the United States Army Air Forces, but he returned to the Studio in 1945 to work on animated short subjects. In 1953, he received his first screen credit for Toot, Whistle, Plunk and Boom, which won an Academy Award®. Other films he contributed to included Jack and Old Mac, as well as Oscar® nominees Noah's Ark and A Symposium on Popular Songs. X helped animate titles and sequences for such Disney live-action films as The Parent TrapBabes in Toyland, and Mary Poppins, and he contributed his artistic skill to the "I'm No Fool" series for the original Mickey Mouse Club television show.
In 1965, Walt asked X to stretch his talents by relocating to Walt Disney Imagineering, then called WED Enterprises, to assist in the creation of the Primeval World diorama for Disneyland. He went on to help develop dialogue and music for such attractions as Adventure Thru Inner SpaceHaunted Mansion (for which he co-wrote the song "Grim Grinning Ghosts"), and Pirates of the Caribbean (for which he wrote "Yo Ho, Yo Ho, A Pirate's Life for Me").
He once said, "I didn't even know I could write music, but somehow Walt did. He tapped my hidden talents."
Later, X contributed to the If You Had Wings and Space Mountain attractions in the Magic Kingdom at Walt Disney World, as well as the Spaceship Earth, World of Motion, and Mexico Pavilions for Epcot Center. In 1983, he made several trips to Tokyo Disneyland to supervise recordings for Haunted Mansion.
X Atencio retired in 1984, after 47 years with The Walt Disney Company.
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Mary Anne Mang
Parks & Resorts • 2005
In 1960, Mary Anne Mang wrote a letter to Walt Disney asking for a job. Walt received many such letters, but just as with Mary Anne herself, there was something special about that letter, and she was offered a position.
Mary Anne began her long and distinguished career in the newly established sales promotion department at the Disneyland Hotel. A year later she moved to Disneyland, and worked in the Convention & Tour Sales department. In 1972, she became the first woman to be promoted to the position of manager.
For eight years, Mary Anne served as Public Relations manager, hosting royalty, celebrities, and other special guests as they visited the Magic Kingdom. She also became a strong advocate for Disneyland Park as a community supporter. "Walt Disney was clear in his wishes that his Park and its cast members should always strive to give something back to the surrounding community," Mary Anne once recalled. This made community relations an integral part of her role in Public Relations.
One of her notable and personally fulfilling accomplishments was the Disneyland Creativity Challenge Program, which she helped found. This program recognizes junior and senior high school students who are interested in the creative and fine arts disciplines.
Mary Anne was an important participant in the consolidation of all of the employee public service efforts into the company-wide VoluntEARS program, and its mission to develop opportunities for Disney employees to contribute their time, expertise, and effort to make a positive impact on the community, while furthering the traditions and ideals of The Walt Disney Company.
In addition to her responsibilities at Disneyland, Mary Anne was dedicated to serving her community in other capacities. She served on the board of directors of several Orange County civic organizations, including the American Red Cross, American Heart Association, Boys & Girls Club of Anaheim, and the Volunteer Center of Greater Orange County. She has also been a member of a number of local councils and committees, including the Anaheim Arts Council, Anaheim Chamber of Commerce Women's Division, Anaheim Memorial Hospital Medical Center Governing Board, and Susan G. Komen Foundation.
Mary Anne retired from the company in 1994. On that occasion, California Congressman Robert K. Dornan said, "Throughout her entire career, Mary Anne Mang has exhibited extraordinary leadership, skill, and professionalism. She has been a wonderful role model for her coworkers and an exemplary inspiration and role model to us all. I sincerely hope that her influence will linger at Disney and in her community and that her future holds as many joyful and fulfilling days as her past."
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Vesey Walker (1893–1977)
Parks & Resorts • 2005
In more than a half-century as one of the world's great bandmasters, Vesey Walker's proudest achievement was his Disneyland Band. "Here I have the finest musicians in the United States, most of whom have been with me for more than 10 years," he said proudly.
He organized and directed more than 50 college, military, school, and youth bands, but at Disneyland, the master "music man" finally found the one place in the world to organize a thoroughly professional band, performing daily throughout the year—not just for Saturday football games or annual parades.
Born in Sheffield, England, on June 7, 1893, Vesey decided to come to the United States in 1912 because "all the famous bands were here." Within 10 years he organized bands in 30 schools surrounding the Milwaukee area, and established and became head bandmaster of the Marquette University Band in 1930.
In the mid-'30s, Vesey moved to Hollywood where he conducted musical scores for films. A year after his arrival on the West Coast, he organized the Los Angeles Elks Club "Toppers" marching band of Tournament of Roses Parade fame, and personally led them for 20 years. Vesey's Disneyland engagement started as a two-week run for the Park's opening in 1955, but he was "held over" by popular demand for 15 years. Reminiscing about his achievements, Vesey considered coming to Disneyland the high point in his career.
This love of his band helped Vesey defeat an attack of a rare spinal virus that nearly took his life and left him paralyzed for months. Doctors told him he would never walk again, but he would not accept it. "I wouldn't give up," he recalled. "I had to get back to my band."
Gradually, after months of painful effort, he regained control of everything except his legs. The great bandsman spurned crutches "because I was afraid I would begin to rely on them too much."
Just a year after he was stricken, and reluctantly using a cane, Vesey proudly led his band down Main Street, U.S.A., once again. A few weeks later he threw away the cane.
Vesey Walker retired in 1970, and passed away in November 1977.
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Leota Toombs Thomas
Attractions & Imagineering • 2009
The millions of guests that have explored the shadowy confines of the Haunted Mansion have seen Leota "Lee" Toombs Thomas—or at least the likeness of her face. She appears as Madame Leota, the disembodied head that speaks from inside a crystal ball at Disney's creepiest and most ghoulishly fun attraction. "As I remember," the soft-spoken Imagineer recalled shortly after making her debut at the attraction, which first opened at Disneyland in 1969, "my eyes were the right distance apart to fit the test model when the whole thing began."
Something of the gypsy look in her handsome face worked so well, however, that she later found herself in the Studio's makeup department preparing to have a special rubber mask made of her face; her visage is now enshrined forever in the Haunted Mansion.
Lee began her career at The Walt Disney Studios in 1940, when she was hired into the Ink and Paint department. She then transferred to the Animation Department, where she met animator Harvey Toombs, whom she married in 1947. She left the Company to raise their two children, Launie and Kim, but returned to Disney in 1962. Joining WED Enterprises, now known as Walt Disney Imagineering, she created and developed designs for the 1964-65 New York World's Fair. A natural craftsman, Lee played pivotal roles in the creation of it's a small worldGreat Moments with Mr. Lincoln, and Ford's Magic Skyway. After the conclusion of the World's Fair, Lee transferred her talents to some of the most beloved attractions at Disneyland, including Pirates of the Caribbean and the Haunted Mansion.
Kim Irvine, Lee's daughter and a Disney Imagineer since 1970, once painted a vivid picture of these heady times in Disneyland history: "When Yale Gracey was experimenting with ideas for a gypsy in a crystal ball, he asked Leota if she would mind posing for the head," she remembered. "They were a close-knit group, and mom said she thought it sounded fun. Blaine [Gibson] made a life mask of her face and Yale, Wathel [Rogers] and the rest of the team filmed her, crazy makeup and all. I still remember when she wore it home that night! Then they created the 'Little Leota' bride at the end of the ride. Since that figure is small, they wanted a high voice, so they kept mom's voice because she sounded like a little girl."
Kim adds that when the Tim Burton's The Nightmare Before Christmas overlay was created for the Haunted Mansion, Imagineers wanted a new incantation and they asked if she would do it. "Funny thing is," she explained, "they discovered that our life masks are so similar they can just project her face on my head and they match up perfectly! Mom would have liked that!"
Lee relocated to Walt Disney World in 1971 to start up the on-site team that would maintain shows and attractions. After returning to California in 1979, she worked in several different capacities, including at Walt Disney Imagineering, where she trained many Disneyland figure finishers and artisans.
Leota Toombs Thomas passed away in December 1991.
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Jack Wrather (1918–1984)
Parks & Resorts • 2011
Walt Disney was out of cash. Construction of Disneyland—set to open in four months time—proceeded at a frantic pace, but there was no money for an upscale hotel where guests could stay. Enter Jack Wrather.
John Devereaux "Jack" Wrather, Jr. was born on May 24, 1918, in Amarillo, Texas. After receiving a bachelor of arts degree from the University of Texas in 1939, Jack took a series of jobs in the oil industry: pipeline walker, wildcatter, and construction supervisor. In 1940, he took control of his father's oil interests, expanding the Wrather Petroleum Company into a highly successful business.
Jack served in the United States Marine Corps in World War II and was released from duty in December 1945 with the rank of Captain. Convinced that the Hollywood entertainment industry was poised for huge post-war growth, Jack moved to California, where he met and married 24-year-old actress Bonita Granville. Together they built a home in the Holmby Hills area of Los Angeles, not far from where Walt Disney lived.
During the decade from 1946-1955, Jack produced feature films for various Hollywood studios, some of which starred his wife. Never one to rest on his laurels, he diversified his company into numerous other entertainment ventures, including Capitol Records, the TelePrompter Corporation, and Muzak, Inc., where he was chairman. Jack also founded KCET-TV Channel 28, a Los Angeles public television station. He also jumped into producing programs for television, achieving astounding success with three of the most popular shows of that time: Sergeant Preston of the Yukon, eight seasons of The Lone Ranger, and an incredible 20 years of Lassie.
Jack further diversified into the hotel business in 1954, striking a deal with Walt Disney to build a luxury family hotel on property adjacent to Walt's theme park. Ground was broken on March 18, 1955, officiated by Jack, Bonita, and Anaheim Mayor Charles Pearson. The Disneyland Hotel opened six and a half months later—104 rooms in five two-story buildings at a starting room rate of $15. The Hotel, originally conceived as simple lodging, presaged future developments in how Americans entertained themselves.
It pioneered, as Jack's son Chris wrote, "new forms of dining as entertainment, shopping as entertainment, and the use of a waterfront setting" in an urban environment.
The Hotel grew as Disneyland did, even changing the skyline of Orange County with the addition of its first high-rise building, the 11-story Sierra Tower addition in 1962.
In September 1980, Jack made another indelible mark on the development of tourism in Southern California. Wrather Port Properties signed a 66-year lease for the rights to manage the retired luxury liner Queen Mary, berthed in Long Beach harbor since her final voyage in 1967. He spent more than $25 million to restore the ship and turned her former stateroom cabins into hotel accommodations. In 1981, as a favor to his longtime friend Howard Hughes, Jack saved the airplane known as the "Spruce Goose" from demolition and gave it a new home next to the Queen Mary, where it remained under a giant white dome until it was moved in 1992 to an aviation museum in Oregon.
Jack passed away at the age of 66 on November 12, 1984. His son Chris later remembered him this way: "My father had the notion that business should be fun. He had more fun with the Disneyland Hotel than with any other investment."
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Bonita Wrather (1923–1988)
Parks & Resorts • 2011
Born in Chicago on February 2, 1923, Bonita Granville's family moved west when she was 7; she almost immediately gravitated toward the film business. In 1932's Westward Passage, her film debut, she played the daughter of star Laurence Olivier. Inexplicably, she was most often cast in young female roles ranging from precocious and obnoxious to downright mean and spiteful. Her finest hour was in These Three, a 1936 film directed by William Wyler. Based on the Lillian Hellman play The Children's Hour, Bonita propelled the plot with her performance as a schoolgirl whose malicious lie about two teachers disrupts all their lives. Film critic Leonard Maltin called it "a restrained, genuinely chilling performance." For her keen portrayal, Bonita was honored, at age 13, with an Oscar® nomination as Best Supporting Actress.
Off screen, Bonita, called "Bunny" by her friends, was the opposite of her movie persona. In 1939 she finally got a chance to play a markedly nicer character: the title role in Nancy Drew, Detective. Warner Bros. hoped to create a series of movies based on the juvenile mystery novels that would rival MGM's successful Andy Hardy films. Bonita starred in only three more Nancy Drew pictures, but, ironically, later appeared in two Andy Hardy movies. She made the often-challenging transition from child star to young adult in more than 55 films, including classics like 1942's The Glass Key with Alan Ladd and Now, Voyager with Bette Davis.
Bonita married Southern California businessman Jack Wrather on February 5, 1947, giving up her career as an actress to become a key player in his expanding entertainment empire.
She became a producer on two of Wrather's television shows, The Lone Ranger and Lassie, and is even credited with discovering Jon Provost, who played Timmy in that long-running series. Later, television's dramatic anthologies lured Bonita back to acting, and she starred in series such as The United States Steel HourStudio One, and Playhouse 90.
At her husband's side during the construction and operation of the Disneyland Hotel, Bonita officiated over the groundbreaking and dedication of the world-famous Dancing Waters show. In her honor, the Hotel's third tower was named the Bonita Tower, and, in 1983, fine dining arrived in the form of the sumptuous Granville's Steak House.
In the 1980s, Bonita oversaw the renovation of the docked luxury liner Queen Mary, restoring the ship to its original art deco grandeur. She was a founding member of the Los Angeles Music Center, a member of the Board of Trustees at the American Film Institute, and assumed the chairmanship of the Wrather Corporation after her husband's death in 1984. Under her watch, Disney acquired Wrather's operations in 1988 and obtained ownership of the Disneyland Hotel.
Bonita passed away on October 11, 1988, in Santa Monica, California.
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Fred Joerger (1913–2005)
Imagineering • 2001
Imagineer Fred Joerger helped realize Walt Disney's visions by crafting three-dimensional miniature models of Disney theme park attractions, as well as motion picture sets and props, before they were brought to full-scale life.
As Fred recalled, "I was given artists' drawings of an interior set or a building and interpreted them into models. It's very easy to make something like the Haunted Mansion look good on paper, but if you don't get it into three-dimensions first, you may have a disaster. Well, my job was to create the model to avert disaster, which was fun, but a challenge."
Born in Pekin, Illinois, on December 21, 1913, Fred graduated from the University of Illinois with a fine arts degree in 1937. He then moved to Los Angeles and joined the art department at Warner Brothers building models of movie sets.
In 1953, as Walt began planning Disneyland, Fred joined the Company crafting decorative backgrounds for "Project Little Man." This experiment featured a nine-inch tall mechanical man dancing on a vaudeville stage, and a miniature singing barbershop quartet. The animated figures were the first step toward creating the robotic Audio-Animatronics® figures later featured in Disney theme park attractions, including Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln.
Fred also built miniature sets and props for Disney motion pictures, including Mary PoppinsDarby O'Gill and the Little People, and 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea, for which he created intricate models of the submarine Nautilus.
Fred and Disney Legends Harriet Burns and Wathel Rogers comprised the original "model shop" when Walt began developing Disneyland. As Burns remembered: "Most anything at Disneyland, Fred created as a model first.
"He constructed several versions of Sleeping Beauty Castle, for instance, changing each design, moving the turrets around, changing colors. Walt liked the model with the blue roof because he thought it would blend in with the sky, making the castle look taller."
In addition to his skills with models, which helped define projects in concept development, Fred established the standards for field art direction. He was responsible for assuring that shows ranging from Pirates of the Caribbean to Submarine Voyage achieved "the look," as designed by Walt Disney Imagineering art directors.
Fred's unusual knack for creating gorgeous rockwork out of plaster led to his reputation as Imagineering's "resident rock expert." Among his rocky mountain highlights are the huge stones featured on the Jungle Cruise and Big Thunder Mountain Railroad at both Disneyland and Walt Disney World. In fact, he designed and constructed most all rockwork at the Florida theme park for its 1971 opening, including the breathtaking atrium waterfall featured in the Polynesian Village Resort.
In 1979, after 25 years with the Company, Fred retired. He soon returned, however, to serve as field art director for EPCOT Center prior to its 1982 opening.
Fred Joerger passed away on August 26, 2005, in Woodland Hills, California.
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Milt Albright (1916–2014)
Parks & Resorts • 2005
"Shoot! If another guy from Missouri can do it, I need to get with this outfit!" As a 21-year-old Missouri native, Milt Albright saw a Time magazine cover story on his hero from their home state in December 1937. He knew then and there that he wanted to join the organization of fellow Missourian Walt Disney, and he achieved his goal 10 years later when he was hired at the Walt Disney Studios as a junior accountant.
Working in the Payroll Department, Milt was entrusted with the job of preparing and delivering the paychecks for top Disney executives—something that brought him into direct contact with Walt. "I would write Walt's check and take it up there once a week," Milt reminisced. "Walt was a country boy, he really was, and we'd get to talking a little bit about Missouri. Even when he was busy, he would take a few minutes to talk to a young fellow."
In 1953, in an attempt to gain some attention from Walt and transfer to his new "amusement park" in Anaheim, Milt, an automobile buff, designed a miniature car for the Autopia, then in the planning stages as an attraction for Disneyland.
When he saw that Milt had created a car as a calling card, Walt said, "Well, anybody that crazy belongs at Disneyland!" Walt drove the car, and although he was not impressed with the design, he was impressed with its designer. So, he hired Milt in the spring of 1954 as manager of accounting for Disneyland. "I got to come down here because they wanted somebody they could trust," Milt chuckles, "Didn't have to be very smart—just honest."
In 1957, Milt became the manager of Holidayland, a private party and picnic area designed for group events. After the demise of Holidayland in 1961, Milt transferred to Group Sales, where he was a founder of the Magic Kingdom Club. In 1961, Milt also developed the concept for Grad Nite, which remained successful for decades after. In the late 1970s, Milt became manager of special projects, marketing. He was later promoted to manager of guest communications, a position he held at his retirement in 1992.
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Sam McKim (1924–2004)
Imagineering • 1996
Sam McKim inspired many a Disney film and theme park attraction with his imaginative drawings. But the actor-turned-artist is probably best known to Disney fans today as the creator of the Disneyland souvenir maps, issued between 1958 and 1964. Even today, his intricate and fascinating maps remain among the most sought-after pieces of Disney memorabilia. In 1992, Sam encored his cartographical genius when he created a new map in his unique style to commemorate the opening of Disneyland Paris.
Born in Vancouver, British Columbia, on December 20, 1924, Sam moved to Los Angeles with his family during the Great Depression. At 10, he was spotted by a casting director while visiting a relative at MGM and began work as a movie extra. He became a child actor under contract to Republic Studios, working in a slew of western serials and B-pictures; over the years he appeared alongside Hollywood legends such as Spencer Tracy, John Wayne, Rita Hayworth, and Gene Autry.
But even then, Sam had a knack for art. He later recalled, "I was always drawing something or other. I'd draw caricatures of the actors and they would sign them for me."
During high school he submitted some of his drawings to The Walt Disney Studios and was offered a job in the traffic department, with an explanation that "the breaks would happen… later." Instead, Sam enlisted with the United States Army where he served in the American Infantry Division during World War II. Upon his return stateside, he enrolled at Art Center College of Design in Los Angeles and graduated in 1950; the day after his graduation he was drafted into the Korean War. After serving 14 months, during which his decorations included the Distinguished Service Cross, he returned to the United States and attended Chouinard Art Institute in Los Angeles.
In 1953, Sam found himself having to decide between accepting a role in renowned director John Ford's The Long Gray Line or a job with 20th Century Fox making story sketches for films. He happily accepted the latter, because "working behind the camera was what I really wanted to do."
After layoffs at Fox in 1954, Sam joined Disney to create inspirational sketches for Walt's new theme park, Disneyland. Among his first sketches was Slue Foot Sue's Golden Horseshoe Revue in Frontierland.
He later contributed to Great Moments with Mr. LincolnCarousel of ProgressPirates of the Caribbean, and Haunted Mansion. Eventually, every land at the Park benefited from Sam's magic touch.
Sam also contributed to Florida theme park attractions such as the Magic Kingdom's The Hall of Presidents and Universe of Energy in Epcot Center. Sam also developed inspirational sketches for the Disney-MGM Studios.
From time to time, Walt also asked Sam to storyboard Disney films. Among his projects were Nikki, Wild Dog of the NorthBig RedBon Voyage, and The Gnome Mobile. He also developed storyboards for episodes of Disney's television series Zorro.
Sam McKim passed away on July 9, 2004, in Burbank, California.
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Blaine Gibson (1918–2015)
Imagineering • 1993
After animating all day at The Walt Disney Studios, Blaine Gibson would go home at night and sculpt; it had been a favorite hobby of his since childhood. Then, in 1954, Walt Disney happened to see one of Blaine's art exhibits, which featured several animal sculptures, and recruited him to work on special projects for his new theme park, Disneyland.
Blaine was somewhat ambivalent about being diverted from his goal to establish himself as one of the Studio's foremost animators. As he recalled in 1995, "I didn't think it was that important, but then I was told Walt was expecting me to work on these projects. So I said to myself, 'what the heck' and went [to Walt Disney Imagineering]. I was never sorry after that."
Born February 11, 1918, in Rocky Ford, Colorado, Blaine attended Colorado University, but left school to join The Walt Disney Studios in 1939. While working as an in-between artist and assistant animator, he took evening classes in sculpture at Pasadena City College and studied with a private instructor. Among his animation credits are FantasiaBambiSong of the SouthAlice in WonderlandPeter PanSleeping Beauty, and One Hundred and One Dalmatians.
When first assigned by Walt to the Disneyland project, Blaine divided his time between sculpting and animating for the Company. In 1961, he transferred full-time to WED Enterprises, joining the design and development division to supervise the newly created sculpture department. Ultimately, Blaine went on to make a name for himself in 3-D animation, creating hundreds of sculptures from which Audio-Animatronics® figures and bronzes were produced for exhibits at the 1964-65 New York World's Fair and Disney theme parks around the world. Among his credits are contributions to such attractions as Great Moments with Mr. LincolnPirates of the CaribbeanHaunted Mansion, and the Enchanted Tiki Room.
He also directed the sculpture of every U.S. President, up to George W. Bush in 2001, for The Hall of Presidents at Walt Disney World.
After nearly 45 years with The Walt Disney Company, Blaine retired in 1983. He continued to consult on such projects as The Great Movie Ride at Disney's Hollywood Studios in Florida. In 1993, the same year he was named a Disney Legend, Blaine created a life-size bronze of Walt and Mickey Mouse standing hand-in-hand. The statue, called "Partners," is located at the Central Hub in Disneyland and at Disney parks around the world. Blaine subsequently created a life-size bronze of Roy O. Disney—Company co-founder and brother of Walt—for display in Disney theme parks.
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Cicely Rigdon (1923–2013)
Parks & Resorts • 2005
It was a quality that Walt Disney had, and obviously Cicely Rigdon had it, too—persistence. "When they first opened the Park,"
Cicely once recalled, "I made five attempts to get a job. The fifth time, I was finally hired, and I was so excited I came home and drove my car through the garage!"
Cicely began at Disneyland in 1957 as a ticket seller. In 1959, she joined the Tour Guide Department and was responsible for initiating its growth and development. "Walt really liked the Tour Guides," Cicely said. "Every time he would come to the Park he would always stop by and see us and talk to us."
She eventually became the supervisor of Guest Relations, and in 1967 took on additional responsibility for the ticket sellers, ticket receptionists, and Guest Relations. While in Guest Relations, she was responsible for Walt's apartment above the Main Street Fire Station, and was therefore known as the "Keeper of the Keys."
Among the other highlights of her career, Cicely most fondly remembered her trip with Walt Disney to the 1964-65 New York World's Fair, and the many conversations she had with him while he was in the Park. She also counted being able to train all the ticket sellers and ticket receptionists for the opening of Walt Disney World as one of her treasured opportunities.
Beginning in 1982, Cicely led and developed the Disneyland Ambassador Program, working with thirteen Disneyland Ambassadors during her tenure, and representing Disneyland around the world. She retired as manager of the Ambassador Program in 1994, with a 37-year Disneyland career to her credit. Despite her long career of traveling, the first thing Cicely did after her retirement was to travel to England to visit her family.
She remembered her years at Disneyland and her unique boss with great fondness. "Walt was just a very decent, very nice man," Cicely once said. "And I believe that is reflected in all of us here at Disneyland, and that this place for family and fun and decency is what it's all about."
Cicely Rigdon passed away on December 31, 2013.
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Richard Irvine (1910–1976)
Imagineering • 1990
In 1952, Walt Disney hired art director Richard "Dick" Irvine away from 20th Century Fox to act as liaison between Walt Disney Productions and an architectural firm being considered to design Disneyland. After a few preliminary meetings with the architects, however, Dick and Walt concluded that the people who could best design the Magic Kingdom were members of Walt's own staff.
Walt Disney Imagineering Senior Vice President John Hench recalled, "Because Dick had worked with movie set designs, creating structures and settings, he understood our needs more than standard architects, such as 'forced' perspective, making things smaller to give the illusion of being farther away, and other optical values."
Dick was convinced that Disney motion picture artists, art directors, and technicians, with their imaginative know-how and theatrical experience, could produce an outstanding theme park. And so Walt proceeded with his own staff, forming what is now known as Walt Disney Imagineering—the design and engineering arm of the Company charged with developing theme parks.
In launching the world's first theme park, Dick helped establish and lead the new team of artists, architects, designers, and engineers, known as Imagineers.
With such a brilliant staff of dreamers and doers on board, anything seemed possible; as Dick once recalled, "Heavens! The dream was wide open."
Born in Salt Lake City, Utah, on April 5, 1910, Dick moved with his family to Southern California in 1922. The son of a prominent Los Angeles ophthalmologist, he attended Stanford University and the University of Southern California, followed by Chouinard Art Institute.
In the early 1930s, he entered the motion picture business and, in 1941, earned an Academy Award® nomination for his art direction on Sundown, a United Artists film directed by Walter Wanger.
Soon after, Dick joined the Walt Disney Studio where he worked for a short time on films that combined live-action footage with animation, such as The Three Caballeros. After World War II he went to Fox, but returned eight years later when Walt asked for his help with Disneyland.
Until his retirement in 1973, Dick headed design and planning for all Disneyland attractions, ranging from Haunted Mansion to Pirates of the Caribbean. He also guided the creation of attractions featured at the 1964-65 New York World's Fair, including it's a small world. Dick went on to help shape the master plan and attractions for Walt Disney World and, in 1967, was appointed executive vice president and chief operations officer of WED Enterprises (now Walt Disney Imagineering).
Richard Irvine passed away on March 30, 1976, in Los Angeles. Walt Disney World's second paddle wheel steamship, the Richard F. Irvine, was named in his honor until it was re-christened Liberty Belle in 1996. Subsequently, one of the ferries that transports guests across the Seven Seas Lagoon to the Magic Kingdom was re-christened Richard F. Irvine so as to continue to honor Dick's contributions.
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Claude Coats (1913–1992)
Animation & Imagineering • 1991
Among the stable of "enormous" talents at the Walt Disney Studio, Claude Coats stood above the rest—literally. Claude, a background painter, color stylist, and concept designer, stood 6-feet, 6-inches tall. The gentle giant with a warm wit once recalled how Walt used to kid him about his height. Claude said:
"When the Disneyland Stagecoach was completed at the Studio, Walt and a driver were giving rides around the lot, but he wouldn't let me get in. He said I spoiled the scale."
Born January 17, 1913, in San Francisco, California, Claude graduated from the University of Southern California in 1934 with an architecture and fine arts degree. He went on to study at Chouinard Art Institute in Los Angeles before joining the Walt Disney Studio as a background painter in June 1935.
The stunning watercolor background paintings Claude created for Pinocchio continue to be heralded by Disney scholars, fans, and art collectors for the rich and textured beauty they lend to the classic film. He also developed backgrounds and color stylings for Snow White and the Seven DwarfsFantasiaDumboSaludos AmigosVictory Through Air PowerThe Three CaballerosMake Mine MusicMelody TimeSong of the SouthThe Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. ToadFun and Fancy FreeCinderellaAlice in WonderlandPeter Pan, and Lady and the Tramp.
In 1955, Claude was one of the elite artists and designers Walt selected to help bring Disneyland to life. As a show designer, he was part of the development team for the Grand Canyon and Primeval World dioramas, Haunted MansionPirates of the CaribbeanMr. Toad's Wild RideSnow White's Scary Adventures, and Submarine Voyage, among others. Claude also contributed to the 1964-65 New York World's Fair attractions, including Magic SkywayCarousel of Progress, and it's a small world.
He later helped conceptualize the Magic Kingdom's Mickey Mouse Revue at Walt Disney World and numerous attractions for Epcot Center, including Universe of EnergyWorld of MotionHorizons, and several World Showcase pavilions. For Tokyo Disneyland, he helped design Meet the World and the Cinderella Castle Mystery Tour.
After a long and happy 54 years with Disney, Claude retired in November 1989. As Walt Disney Imagineering President and Disney Legend Marty Sklar later recalled, "Claude paved the way in turning sketches and paintings into three-dimensional adventures. His energy, curiosity, and drive to create new experiences for our Disney park guests made him a leader and a teacher for all of us. He was a genuine one-of-a-kind."
Claude Coats passed away on January 9, 1992, in Los Angeles.
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Joe Potter (1905–1988)
Attractions • 1996
William E. "Joe" Potter was an engineering and logistical planning genius, which is why Walt Disney recruited the retired United States Army major general to oversee the early construction of Walt Disney World in Florida. In this role, Joe ably guided the Herculean task of transforming 300 acres of Florida land into the Magic Kingdom, while also preserving the area's ecology and beauty.
As former president of Walt Disney Attractions Dick Nunis recalled in 1988, "Joe was a man Walt Disney was very fond of. Without Joe Potter there would be no Walt Disney World today."
Born in Oshkosh, Wisconsin, on July 17, 1905, Joe graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and the National War College in Washington D.C. During World War II, he directed logistical planning for the invasion of northern France, an operation nicknamed "Red Ball Express." After the war, he served in Washington, D.C. as assistant chief of engineers for Civil Works and Special Projects.
In 1956, President Dwight D. Eisenhower appointed Joe to serve as governor of the Panama Canal Zone. In that role, he was responsible for governing a community of over 40,000 people, as well as services including education, military, public health, medical care, fire and police protection, and the postal system. At the end of his tenure as governor, and after 38 years with the United States Army, Joe retired in 1960. In his long career, he had been decorated with the Distinguished Service Medal, the Legion of Merit, the Bronze Star, and the Croix de Guerre
Soon after his "retirement," he became executive vice president of the 1964-65 New York World's Fair, charged with construction of the federal and state attractions. These included 26 state pavilions and the $17-million United States pavilion.
During this time he met Walt Disney, joining the Company in 1965 as its vice president of Florida Planning. In that role, Joe oversaw construction of the Park's entire infrastructure; this included underground utilities and sewer, power, and water treatment plants that were considered revolutionary at the time. He also developed drainage canals for the entire property, which were known as "Joe's ditches."
At the time of his second "retirement" in 1974, Joe was serving as vice president for EPCOT Planning and senior vice president of Walt Disney World Co. In this role, he was responsible for construction, operation, and administration of the entire Florida project. He also served as president of the Board of Supervisors of the Reedy Creek Improvement District, which was formed by the Florida Legislature to provide the public services necessary for the tourist and residential population at Walt Disney World. To many, Joe was known as "Mister Disney" because of his liaison work between the park and surrounding community during the 1960s and 1970s.
Joe passed away on December 5, 1988, in Orlando, Florida. One of the ferries that transports Walt Disney World guests across the Seven Seas Lagoon to the Magic Kingdom was later re-christened the General Joe Potter in his honor.
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Bill Cottrell (1906–1995)
Animation & Imagineering • 1994
Bill Cottrell, nicknamed "Uncle Bill" by his colleagues, was the first president of what is today known as Walt Disney Imagineering, the design and development arm of the Company. During the planning and construction phases of Disneyland, Walt relied heavily on Bill's creativity, wisdom, and foresight to make his dream come true.
Fellow Disney Legend Marvin Davis once said, "It was Walt who said, 'Let there be Disneyland,' like the good Lord said, 'Let there be a world.' But it was Uncle Bill who was Walt's counselor and right-hand man."
Born in 1906 to English parents in South Bend, Indiana, Bill graduated from Occidental College in Los Angeles, California, where he studied English and journalism. After working for a time on George Herriman's Krazy Kat comic strip, he was offered a job working cameras at The Walt Disney Studios in 1929. He soon moved into the Story department and contributed ideas for shorts, including Who Killed Cock Robin? Fellow Legend Joe Grant recalled, "Bill was a great fan of Gilbert and Sullivan and you will see elements of that, such as the jury box chorus, in Who Killed Cock Robin?"
Bill went on to direct the Wicked Witch and Evil Queen sequences in Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, and contributed to story on Pinocchio. In 1938, he married Lillian Disney's sister, Hazel Sewell. In 1941, Bill and Hazel joined Walt Disney and a small group of artists on a goodwill tour of South America on behalf of the United States Government. The trip inspired The Three Caballeros and Saludos Amigos, for which Bill also helped develop story. Bill later contributed to Victory Through Air PowerMelody TimeAlice in Wonderland, and Peter Pan.
During the 1950s, he carried his interest in story over to WED Enterprises (now Walt Disney Imagineering), where he helped develop storylines and dialog for such Disneyland attractions as Snow White's Adventures.
Bill was also keen on nomenclature. As former senior vice president of Walt Disney Imagineering John Hench recalled, "He was a talented writer and helped shape how we referred to events and attractions at Disneyland. For instance, he encouraged us to quit using the term 'ride' and to refer to attractions as an 'experience,' which is exactly what they are—'an experience."
Among his many contributions to Disney, Bill helped develop the popular Zorro television series and, in 1964, was named president of Retlaw Enterprises, the Walt Disney family corporation. He held that position until 1982, when he retired after 53 years of service. A lifelong fan of Sherlock Holmes, Bill's idea for a movie about an animal detective inspired the 1986 animated feature The Great Mouse Detective.
Bill Cottrell passed away on December 22, 1995, in Los Angeles.
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Rolly Crump (1930–2023)
Imagineering • 2004
Words may not fully describe designer and Imagineer Rolly Crump. So to get a handle on this spirited, multi-talented Disney designer, think: Leonardo DiVinci's Universal Man.
A true "original," even among Imagineers, Rolly drew forth genius in others. Disney Concept Designer John Horny observed, "Rolly has a knack for bringing out the best in others. Trusting their talent, he encourages artists to push their creativity to the limits. It's a rare creative person who can let others run with the ball." Show writer Jim Steinmeyer added, "The idea is king with Rolly. It doesn't have to be his vision, as long as it works."
Born Roland Fargo Crump on February 27, 1930, in Alhambra, California, Rolly took a pay cut as a "dipper" in a ceramic factory to join The Walt Disney Studios in 1952.
To help pay bills, he built sewer manholes on weekends. He served as an in-between artist and, later, assistant animator, contributing to Peter PanLady and the TrampSleeping Beauty, and others.
In 1959, he joined show design at WED Enterprises, now known as Walt Disney Imagineering. There, he became one of Walt's key designers for some of Disneyland's groundbreaking new attractions and shops, including the Haunted MansionEnchanted Tiki Room, and Adventureland Bazaar.
Rolly served as a key designer on the Disney attractions featured at the 1964-65 New York World's Fair, including it's a small world, for which he designed the Tower of the Four Winds marquee. When the attraction moved to Disneyland in 1966, Rolly designed the larger-than-life animated clock at its entrance, which sends puppet children on parade with each quarter-hour gong.
After contributing to the initial design of the Magic Kingdom at Walt Disney World in Florida, and developing story and set designs for NBC's Disney on Parade in 1970, Rolly left the Company to consult on projects including Busch Gardens in Florida and California, the ABC Wildlife Preserve in Maryland, and Ringling Brothers & Barnum and Bailey Circus World in Florida, among others.
He returned in 1976 to contribute to EPCOT Center, serving as project designer for The Land and the Wonders of Life pavilions. He also participated in master planning for an expansion of Disneyland until 1981, when he again departed to lead design on a proposed Cousteau Ocean Center in Norfolk, Virginia, and to launch his own firm, the Mariposa Design Group, developing an array of themed projects around the world, including an international celebration for the country of Oman.
In 1992, Rolly returned to Imagineering as executive designer, redesigning and refurbishing The Land and Innoventions at Epcot Center. Rolly "retired" from The Walt Disney Company in 1996, but continued to work on a number of creative projects. He released his autobiography, It's Kind of a Cute Story, in 2012.
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Robert Jani (1934–1989)
Parks & Resorts • 2005
Bob Jani had a spectacular career producing spectaculars. In addition to some of The Walt Disney Company's most storied entertainment events, Bob produced such festivities as the United States Bicentennial Celebration in New York Harbor in 1976, a revitalizing stage show for Radio City Music Hall, and half time entertainment at the Super Bowl.
Born in Los Angeles in 1934, Bob earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in telecommunications and stage production and design at University of Southern California (USC). He first joined the Disney organization in 1955, as head of the newly created Guest Relations Department at Disneyland.
After a two-year stint in the United States Army as Entertainment Director, Bob became director of special events for USC before forming his own private enterprise, Pacific Pageants, in 1961.
Bob rejoined the Disney organization in 1967, as director of Entertainment, and rose swiftly to vice president, and then to creative director of Walt Disney Productions, simultaneously forming his own production company, Robert F. Jani Productions, Inc. in 1978.
Both on his own and with Disney, Bob put on much of the live entertainment that has become standard fare at Disneyland and Walt Disney World. Among his many achievements were America on Parade and, perhaps his greatest Disney legacy, The Main Street Electrical Parade.
Bob left Disney in 1978, to head the revival of Radio City Music Hall's Magnificent Christmas Spectacular. From 1979 to 1982, he was in charge of all live stage productions at the venerable New York City landmark after a decade of decline, reestablishing its status as "The Showplace of the Nation."
In 1981, Bob produced The Glory of Christmas, with a cast of 400 and a small menagerie of animals at the Crystal Cathedral in Garden Grove. Bob drafted the master plan but did not provide the staging for the opening and closing ceremonies of the 1984 Los Angeles Summer Olympics.
Functioning worldwide as producer as well as production consultant, Bob was also artistic director for the Hollywood Bowl, producer of several television specials, and master plan consultant for Disneyland Paris and the Disney-MGM Studios Theme Park at Walt Disney World.
Robert Jani passed away on August 6, 1989, at his Palos Verdes Estates home.
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Don Edgren (1923–2006)
Imagineering • 2006
Walt Disney once said, "At WED, we call it imagineering—the blending of creative imagination with technical know-how." The "imagine" part of the process is often celebrated; less so is the solid engineering skill that makes dreams real.
Don Edgren, a professional engineer licensed in the states of California, Florida, and Hawaii, worked for Wheeler & Gray, Structural Engineers, at The Walt Disney Studios on the structural design and detail of Disneyland from late 1954 until the Park opened on July 17, 1955. "He was the original chief engineer 'in the field'—on the construction sites," recalled Marty Sklar, former international ambassador for Walt Disney Imagineering and a Disney Legend.
Don then coordinated structural design and detail from the Wheeler & Gray office on Disneyland expansion until June of 1961.
"After his 'engineering baptism' at Disneyland in the early days," Marty said, "he was invited to join the staff of WED Enterprises in Glendale."
Don worked as a project engineer on the Ford Motor Company exhibit for the 1964-65 New York World's Fair, and lived in New York during the construction of the Ford facility and the installation of the Magic Skyway show and ride from March 1963 to April 1964.
Don led the Imagineering engineering team for New Orleans Square and Pirates of the Caribbean at Disneyland, while also participating in the initial master planning for Walt Disney World in Florida. Don was promoted to vice president, engineering in Florida in 1969, and relocated there in August of that year as head of field engineering efforts.
Don returned to WED in Glendale in April of 1972 as vice president of engineering. He led the Imagineering engineers on the first Space Mountain, built for Walt Disney World's Magic Kingdom in December 1974, after which he left Disney briefly.
Returning to WED in May 1979 as director of engineering for Tokyo Disneyland, Don coordinated all engineering design activities, relocating to Japan in September of 1979. He returned stateside to WED in May 1983, where he was responsible for the direction and supervision of all project engineers.
Don retired from The Walt Disney Company in 1987.
"Through the years, Imagineering had what I would respect as two 'quintessential engineering captains'—Don Edgren and a protege of his, John Zovich," Marty once said. "They were constantly challenged by Walt, and the creative teams that followed (including me!), to do things that sometimes defied 'engineering logic' —and, of course, tried and true methods. Because, as Walt said, 'It's kind of fun to do the impossible!'"
Don Edgren passed away on December 28, 2006, in Eugene, Oregon.
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Harriet Burns (1928–2008)
Imagineering • 2000
As the first woman ever hired by Walt Disney Imagineering in a creative capacity, Harriet Burns helped design, prototype, and build theme park attractions featured at Disneyland, Walt Disney World, and the New York World's Fair of 1964-65. And while she worked shoulder to shoulder with men in the model shop, wielding saws, lathes, and sanders, she was still the best-dressed employee in the department.
"It was the 1950s," she later explained. "I wore color-coordinated dresses, high heels, and gloves to work. Girls didn't wear slacks back then, although I carried a pair in a little sack, just in case I had to climb into high places."
Born August 20, 1928, in San Antonio, Texas, Harriet received her bachelor's degree in art from Southern Methodist University in Dallas. She went on to study advanced design for another year at the University of New Mexico in Albuquerque.
In 1953, she moved to Los Angeles with her husband and small daughter. There, she accepted a part-time position at Dice Display Industries Cooperative Exchange, where she helped design and produce props for television's Colgate Comedy Hour along with interiors and sets for Las Vegas hotels, including the Dunes. Adept at her work, she was asked to spearhead the creation of the fanciful Southern California tourist destination Santa's Village, located near Lake Arrowhead.
When Dice went out of business in 1955, a co-employee who had once worked at Disney beat tracks back to the Studio and invited Harriet to come along. She was subsequently hired to paint sets and props for the new Mickey Mouse Club television show. Harriet soon began coordinating the show's color styling and even designed and built the famous "Mouse Clubhouse."
She later joined Walt Disney Imagineering, formerly called WED Enterprises, where she helped create Sleeping Beauty CastleNew Orleans Square, the Haunted Mansion, and more. She also helped construct Storybook Land, which features miniature villages inspired by Disney animated movies such as Pinocchio, and designed all of the "singing birds" in the Enchanted Tiki Room, the first Audio-Animatronics® attraction at Disneyland.
Harriet worked on everything from figure finishing to stage design for attractions featured at the New York World's Fair in 1964, including Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln and the Carousel of Progress. On occasion, when Walt would introduce new theme park attractions to television audiences, she would appear on segments of Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color.
After retirement, Harriet remained an active member of the arts and music community in Santa Barbara, California.
Harriet Burns passed away on July 25, 2008, in Los Angeles, California.
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Betty Taylor (1919–2011)
Attractions • 1995
For more than 31 years, Betty Taylor graced the stage of Disneyland's popular Golden Horseshoe Revue. She made famous the role of Slue Foot Sue, the spunky leader of a troupe of western dance hall girls. Betty became the darling of nearly 10 million guests, who, over the years, visited the saloon to see the world's longest-running stage show. In the nearly 45,000 performances in which she appeared, the charming, vivacious blonde never lost her girlish enthusiasm for playing the role of Pecos Bill's sweetheart. As former Disneyland magic shop cast member, comedian Steve Martin, wrote in Betty's autograph book, "How come I'm the only one who grows old around here?"
Born on October 7, 1919, in Seattle, Washington, Betty began taking dance lessons at age three. By the age of 12, she appeared in her first professional stage production in Vancouver, British Colombia. At 14, she sang and danced in nightclubs across the country, and, by 18, she led her own band—Betty and Her Beaus. The group, which included 16 male musicians, appeared regularly at the Trianon Ballroom in Seattle.
She went on to perform with a western radio show, "Sons of the Pioneers," and traveled with big band leaders Les Brown, Henry Bussey, and Red Nichols. She even played a six-week stint in Las Vegas with "old blue eyes" himself, Frank Sinatra.
In 1956, while living in Los Angeles, Betty was about to hit the road playing drums for a musical group when she heard about auditions for a singing-and-hoofing job in Walt Disney's new theme park. She threw her garter into the ring, so to speak, and was hired as Slue Foot Sue. She later described the role as "not a hard character, but rather like a Mae West or a Kitty on the vintage television series Gunsmoke."
On occasion, Betty and the 10-member Revue troupe performed outside of the Park. In 1968, for instance, they took their act on a USO tour of Greenland and Newfoundland, and, two years later, performed for President Richard Nixon and his family in the White House. Walt Disney personally asked Betty to perform a variation of her Golden Horseshoe routine on national television, with comedian Ed Wynn, in an episode of Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color.
Betty retired from the Golden Horseshoe Revue in 1987. She continued to appear at special events, such as "Walt Disney's Wild West;" this retrospective of Walt's vision of the American West was showcased at the Gene Autry Museum of Western Heritage in Los Angeles in 1995.
Betty Taylor passed away at home on June 4, 2011, just one day after her fellow Golden Horseshoe alumnus and Disney Legend, Wally Boag.
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Wally Boag (1920–2011)
Attractions • 1995
At Disneyland's Golden Horseshoe Revue, Wally Boag blasted audiences with squirt guns, spit out a mouthful of "teeth," and sculpted whimsical animals from colorful "Boagaloons" three times a day, five days a week, for nearly 27 years. By the time he retired from his role as the outrageous Pecos Bill in 1982, Wally had performed in nearly 40,000 productions of the popular Revue!
Listed in the Guinness Book of World Records as the longest running stage production in show business history, Disneyland's Golden Horseshoe Revue proved to be good steady work for the former vaudevillian, who once recalled, "My longest job before the Golden Horseshoe Revue was 54 weeks. And to think it all began with a two-week contract I signed with Walt Disney when the park opened."
Wallace Vincent Boag let out his first "yaa-hoo!" on September 9, 1920, in Portland, Oregon. At age nine, he joined a professional dance team; by 16, he was running his own dance school; and by 19, he had turned to comedy, performing in nightclubs and theaters across the country and around the world. Among them, Wally played Radio City Music Hall, the Palladium in London, and the Tivoli Theatres in Australia and New Zealand.
In 1945 he won a contract with Metro-Goldwyn Mayer, appearing in such films as Without Love, starring Spencer Tracy and Katharine Hepburn, and The Thrill of Romance, with Esther Williams.
A friend told him about auditions for Disneyland's Golden Horseshoe Revue in 1955.
Wally won the role and quickly became one of Walt's favorite comedic actors, appearing on such television shows as the original Mickey Mouse ClubDisneyland, and Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color.
He also appeared in motion pictures, including The Absent-Minded ProfessorSon of Flubber, and The Love Bug.
At Disneyland, Wally provided the voice of the Audio-Animatronics® parrot, Jose, in the Enchanted Tiki Room. He took his act on the road in 1971 to open the Diamond Horseshoe Revue at Walt Disney World. His original Golden Horseshoe Revue act was featured in a 1980 Danny Kaye television special celebrating the 25th anniversary of Disneyland; Wally also hosted a 1981 episode of The Muppet Show, where he performed some of his Golden Horseshoe "Pecos Bill" routine.
Wally often toured and consulted on special projects and promotions for The Walt Disney Company. In 1980, he entertained audiences across the country during a 28-day, 20-city tour promoting the re-release of Disney's animated classic Lady and the Tramp. He later traveled to Japan to help translate material for the opening of Tokyo Disneyland in 1983. Wally published his memoir, Wally Boag, Clown Prince of Disneyland, in 2009.
Wally Boag passed away on June 3, 2011, one day before his Golden Horseshoe co-star and fellow Disney Legend Betty Taylor. Comedian Steve Martin, who worked at Disneyland as a teenager, summed up Wally's influence: "My hero, the first comedian I ever saw live, my influence, a man to whom I aspired."
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Fulton Burley (1922–2007)
Attractions • 1995
Fulton Burley's unique brand of humor and authentic Irish brogue made him an audience favorite at Disneyland's Golden Horseshoe Revue, where the silver-toned tenor performed for 25 years.
Born on June 12, 1922, in Tipperary, Ireland, and raised in Ontario, Canada, Fulton came to the United States in 1943 after a telephone audition landed him the singing lead in Billy Rose's Diamond Horseshoe Revue on Broadway. He later marveled at his "Irish" luck, saying, "The peculiar thing is I was at the Golden Horseshoe for 25 years, and I had started at the Diamond Horseshoe."
Fulton was born to sing. By age 7, he performed in church weddings; by 14, he could be heard on CKNW radio in Windsor three mornings a week before school. He later went on to sing with the Windsor Symphony Orchestra.
After high school, Fulton attended Patterson Collegiate Institute in Windsor, followed by Wayne State University in Detroit. There, he studied law with a minor in music. Ultimately he dropped his law studies to pursue a career in entertainment, and eventually won a contract with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. He appeared as a supporting actor in films such as Without Love with Spencer Tracy and Katharine Hepburn, and Homecoming with Clark Gable and Lana Turner.
During World War II, he served as a member of the 40th Special Services Division; under the command of actor Melvyn Douglas, he traveled to China, Burma, and India.
After the war, Fulton spent several years touring the United States with a number of musical productions, during which he developed his keen instinct for light comedy and a legendary repertoire of jokes.
In 1962, he was playing at the Hacienda Hotel in Las Vegas when he received a call from his pal Wally Boag, with whom he had worked as a contract player at MGM. Wally, who had been performing in the Golden Horseshoe Revue for seven years, explained that one of his fellow cast members had become seriously ill and urged Fulton to take over the role. Fulton did, and went on to light up the stage with his jovial nature and lilting brogue.
While at Disneyland, he also recorded the voice of Michael, the Audio-Animatronics® parrot featured in the Enchanted Tiki Room. He later entertained Disney fans across the country, traveling on special tours to promote the re-release of such films as the animated classic Cinderella in 1981. After a quarter century with The Walt Disney Company, Fulton retired from the Golden Horseshoe Revue in 1987. Ten years later he emerged from retirement to record a new narration for Walt Disney World's The Enchanted Tiki Room (Under New Management) alongside original Enchanted Tiki Room co-stars and fellow Disney Legends Wally Boag and Thurl Ravenscroft.
Fulton Burley passed away on May 7, 2007, in Carlsbad, California.
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Edward Meck (1899–1973)
Attractions • 1995
Publicist Edward "Eddie" Meck "wrote the book" on how to introduce new Disney theme park attractions. A self-proclaimed "soft sell," Eddie never pressed for—or manufactured—news stories during his career, especially where Disneyland was concerned. "If you have a good product," he said, "it's easy to get the message across. No gimmicks. Just truth and honesty. The greatest product is right here. Walt Disney."
From the beginning, when he joined Disneyland just months prior to its 1955 opening, Eddie believed the Park would sell itself. As he recalled:
Two months after the park opened, I told Walt that I didn't see how he could plant stories [in the press] about Disneyland. It's too fantastic and too hard to describe. So I told him we should bring the press here and let the park sell itself."
Eddie was born in Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin, in 1899. At age 20, he took a job working on the night inspection crew for the Pathe Company in Chicago. Before long, he was offered a chance to work in publicity and promotion and, in 1922, headed west to work on the Pathe publicity staff. There, he promoted everything from Harold Lloyd comedies to the Perils of Pauline serials.
He joined Columbia in the early 1930s, where he promoted award-winning Frank Capra comedies including It Happened One Night, with Clark Gable and Claudette Colbert, and Mr. Deeds Goes to Town with Gary Cooper. In 1950, '51, and '54, the Motion Picture Herald honored Eddie for excellence in the "field of exploitation."
After almost 30 years in the movie industry, Walt Disney hired the folksy publicist to promote his new and untried theme park. Not only was Eddie the architect of the first Disneyland press event, giving journalists firsthand exposure to the delights of the Magic Kingdom, but he was also instrumental in the 1971 opening of Walt Disney World in Florida. His innate sense of enthusiasm was infectious, and legendary in the press and promotions fields.
As news columnist Joan Winchell wrote, "Eddie is a complete enigma to us [newspaper reporters]. How the heck can you light up like a Christmas tree 365 days and nights of the year raving about the very same thing? But Eddie does, claiming that every day [with Disney] is different."
Diminutive in stature, Eddie was often described by his friends in the press as if he, himself, was a Disney character. San Francisco columnist Herb Caen once wrote that Eddie Meck was "no relation to Mecky Mouse."
After nearly 20 years with The Walt Disney Company, Eddie Meck passed away in 1973.
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Joe Fowler (1894–1993)
Attractions • 1990
No matter how implausible the task, retired Admiral Joe Fowler got things done. That is why, in 1954, Walt Disney personally invited the retired ship builder to lead construction of his latest dream—Disneyland. Fellow Disney Legend Bob Matheison once recalled a day when Joe and Walt stood looking at a stage in Adventureland, which featured a waterfall and a dressing room off to the side. According to Bob, "Walt turned to Joe and said, 'I'd like to part the water and let the entertainers come out, and then have the waterfall close behind them.' Joe never batted an eye. He just said, 'Can do, can do.' I know he had no idea how he was going to part the water, but he said it without hesitation—'Can do.' And, by golly, he did it."
Born on July 9, 1894, in Lewiston, Maine, Joe graduated second in his class at the U.S. Naval Academy in 1917. He graduated from Massachusetts Institute of Technology with a master's degree in naval architecture in 1921. A veteran of both world wars, Joe designed and supervised the building of gunboats in Shanghai, China, during the 1920s; he later designed and built aircraft carriers, including the U.S.S. Lexington and the U.S.S. Saratoga, which were the largest aircraft carriers of World War II. He was also in charge of all U.S. Navy work conducted in the West Coast shipyards during World War II.
While with the military, Joe met such notable figures as Harry Truman, Dwight Eisenhower, and Lyndon Johnson; he even roomed with Edward, Prince of Wales, on a British gun ship steaming up the Yangtze River. After 35 years with the U.S. Navy, Joe had reached the rank of Rear Admiral and retired in 1948—or so he thought.
Within a few years, not long after celebrating his 60th birthday, Joe met Walt Disney through a mutual friend and soon began his successful 25-year career with Walt Disney Productions.
Joe oversaw construction of Disneyland and went on to manage its operations after it opened. Appropriately, Walt also cast him as technical advisor of the award-winning live-action film 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea.
During the 1960s and '70s, Joe was charged with the Herculean task of planning and building Walt Disney World. At one point during the Florida project, Joe held three posts, simultaneously: senior vice president, engineering and construction, for Walt Disney Productions; chairman of the board of WED Enterprises, now known as Walt Disney Imagineering; and director of construction for Disney's Buena Vista Construction Company.
Joe retired from Disney in 1978. He passed away on December 3, 1993, at age 99, in Orlando, Florida. Tributes to the Admiral can still be found in the parks that he helped build; the harbor used as dry dock for Disneyland's S.S. Columbia and paddle wheeler Mark Twain is dubbed "Fowler's Harbor," and features a building known as Fowler's Inn. At Walt Disney World, one of the ferries that transports guests across the Seven Seas Lagoon to the Magic Kingdom was re-christened the Admiral Joe Fowler in his honor.
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Ralph Kent (1939–2007)
Attractions & Imagineering • 2004
While growing up in New York, Imagineer Ralph Kent fell "hopefully" under the spell of Disney animated motion pictures, particularly Pinocchio. He identified with the puppet's sense of awe, wonder, and magic, he would later say.
Born on January 28, 1939, by age 10, Ralph had transformed the basement walls of his home into a giant mural of Disney characters ranging from Alice in Wonderland to Cinderella. Fixated on working for Disney, young Ralph decided to send a letter to Walt Disney, receiving a courteous reply. He went on to attend the University of Buffalo Albright Art School and, in 1960, he joined the U.S. Army, illustrating military training aids and films.
Upon discharge, in 1963, Ralph's dream came true when he arrived at Disneyland as a marketing production artist. One day, Ralph gained the courage to personally ask Walt if he remembered receiving a letter from a kid in Buffalo.
"I had changed my name legally because nobody could pronounce it—Kwiatkowski," Ralph recalled. "Walt said, 'That was a Polish kid with a long last name.' I said, 'I know; I changed it.' The eyebrow went up and he said, 'Well, why didn't you tell me [sooner]?' I said, 'I was just in awe of you, and still am.'"
At Disney, Ralph developed marketing materials for the Jungle CruiseEnchanted Tiki Room, and more. He worked with fellow Legends Van Arsdale France and Dick Nunis, creators of Disney University, developing training materials for the Company's four attractions featured at the 1964-65 New York World's Fair, including it's a small world. He also served as art director for the Celebrity Sports Center in Denver, which Walt co-owned with celebrities including Art Linkletter and Jack Benny.
In 1965, Ralph designed the first limited-edition Mickey Mouse watch for adults, which Walt presented to 25 of his top executives. A timely invention, word quickly spread about the unique Mickey Mouse time piece and today, more than 100 adult watch designs are manufactured each year.
Ralph arrived in Florida in 1971, to design souvenirs such as license plates and bumper stickers for Walt Disney World. Eight years later, he became director of Walt Disney Imagineering East, overseeing Florida staff support for EPCOT Center and Tokyo Disneyland.
In 1990, he joined the Disney Design Group as a corporate trainer, mentoring new artists and creating an extensive reference collection of character model sheets. After 41 years dedicated to The Walt Disney Company, he retired in May 2004, and continued to consult on special projects.
He also enjoying woodworking; "I always wanted to be Geppetto," he said. And so, Ralph continued to make his Disney-inspired dreams come true.
Ralph Kent passed away on September 10, 2007, at his home in Kissimmee, Florida.
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Mary Blair (1911–1978)
Animation & Imagineering • 1991
An imaginative color stylist and designer, Mary Blair helped introduce modern art to Walt Disney and his Studio, and, for nearly 30 years, he touted her inspirational work for his films and theme parks alike. Animator Marc Davis, who put Mary's exciting use of color on par with Matisse, recalled, "She brought modern art to Walt in a way that no one else did. He was so excited about her work." Animator Frank Thomas added:
"Mary was the first artist I knew of to have different shades of red next to each other. You just didn't do that! But Mary made it work."
Walt connected with Mary's fresh, childlike art style. As Disney Imagineering artist Roland Crump once told animation historian John Canemaker, "The way she painted—in a lot of ways she was still a little girl. Walt was like that… You could see he could relate to children—she was the same way."
Born in McAlester, Oklahoma, in 1911, the inherently gifted artist won a scholarship to Chouinard Art Institute in Los Angeles. After graduation in 1933, at the height of the Depression, Mary took a job in the animation unit of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer rather than pursue her dream of a fine arts career. In 1940, she joined the Walt Disney Studio and worked on a number of projects, including the "Baby Ballet," a never-produced segment for a proposed second version of Fantasia.
In 1941, she joined the Disney expedition that toured South America for three months; her watercolors so captured the spirit of the Latin countries that she was named art supervisor on The Three Caballeros and Saludos Amigos. Mary's unique color and styling greatly influenced such Disney postwar productions as Song of the SouthMake Mine MusicMelody TimeSo Dear to My HeartThe Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. ToadCinderellaAlice in Wonderland, and Peter Pan. She also contributed to special shorts, including The Little House and Susie, the Little Blue Coupe.
During a break from Disney, Mary found a successful career as a freelance graphic designer and illustrator. Among her works were the illustrations for several Little Golden Books, some of which, including I Can Fly, are still in print today.
Walt later asked Mary to assist in the design of the it's a small world attraction for the 1964-65 New York World's Fair; the final result was an attraction that is purely Mary Blair in its style and concept. Over the years, Mary contributed to the design of many exhibits, attractions, and murals for the theme parks in California and Florida, including the fanciful murals in the Grand Canyon Concourse at Walt Disney World's Contemporary Resort Hotel.
Mary Blair passed away on July 26, 1978, in Soquel, California.
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Harper Goff (1911–1993)
Film & Imagineering • 1993
Artist Harper Goff first met Walt Disney in 1951 at the Bassett-Lowke Ltd. Shop in London; they were both interested in purchasing the same model train set. Harper later recalled that meeting:
"He turned to me and said, 'I'm Walt Disney. Are you the man that wanted to buy this engine?' Well, I almost fell over. He asked me what I do for a living, and I told him that I was an artist. He said, 'When you get back to America, come and talk to me.'"
Ultimately, Walt bought the locomotive, while Harper embarked on an exciting journey developing motion picture and Imagineering projects for The Walt Disney Company.
Among Harper's designs was the menacing Nautilus submarine, complete with plush Victorian interiors, for the film 20,000 Leagues Under The Sea. He also developed conceptual ideas for Disneyland, including Main Street, U.S.A. and the Jungle Cruise and worked closely with Walt throughout the design and construction phases of the Park.
Born on March 16, 1911, in Fort Collins, Colorado, Harper later moved with his family to Santa Ana, California. He attended Chouinard Art Institute in Los Angeles and lived in New York for a time, working as a magazine illustrator for publications including Collier's, Esquire, and National Geographic.
He returned to the west coast to work as a set designer for Warner Bros. on such films as Sergeant YorkCasablancaCharge of the Light Brigade, and the Errol Flynn classic Captain Blood. Later, he served as associate producer and art director for The Vikings, starring Kirk Douglas, and as art director for Pete Kelly's Blues and Willie Wonka and the Chocolate Factory.
Initially, Walt hired Harper to sketch storyboards for a True-Life Adventures short called 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea. Instead, Harper designed sketches for a potential feature film he envisioned, based on the Jules Verne novel by the same title. After Walt studied the eight 4' x 8' storyboards that Harper had filled with imaginative designs, The Walt Disney Studios produced its first all live-action film made in the United States. In 1955, 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea won Oscars® for art direction and special effects.
In his spare time, when not tinkering with his model trains, Harper played banjo with the "Firehouse Five Plus Two" Dixieland jazz band, made up of Disney artists including fellow Disney Legends Ward Kimball and Frank Thomas. In 1975 Harper also contributed to Epcot Center, designing the layout of the World Showcase, and designing concepts for the Japan, Italy, and United Kingdom Pavilions.
Harper Goff passed away on March 3, 1993, in Los Angeles.
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Bill Justice (1914–2011)
Animation & Imagineering • 1996
Bill Justice loved his work at The Walt Disney Company, whether it be programming Audio-Animatronics® figures for the theme parks or animating Mickey Mouse.
Once, when asked if he ever got bored drawing Mickey Mouse, Bill replied, "Have you seen me draw Mickey upside down?" He then did so—effortlessly.
Born in Dayton, Ohio, on February 9, 1914, Bill grew up in Indianapolis, Indiana. He attended the John Herron Art Institute, where he studied to be a portrait artist. After graduation in 1935, he headed west and joined The Walt Disney Studios as an animator in 1937. During his 28 years with the Company, Bill served as an animator on such classics as FantasiaSaludos AmigosVictory Through Air PowerThe Three CaballerosMake Mine MusicAlice in Wonderland, and Peter Pan. Among the memorable characters he animated are the precocious Thumper from Bambi and the mischievous Chip and Dale.
During the 1950s, Bill directed several experimental shorts, including Noah's ArkA Symposium On Popular Songs, and The Truth About Mother Goose, all of which were nominated for Academy Awards®. Along with Disney Legend X Atencio and artist T. Hee, Bill used the painstaking technique of stop-motion animation in live-action Disney features, including The Parent Trap and Mary Poppins. In all, Bill contributed to 57 shorts and 19 features.
Bill also directed the "Mickey Mouse March," heard and seen on Disney's popular 1950s television series, the Mickey Mouse Club.
Recognizing Bill's immense talent, Walt Disney tapped him to join Walt Disney Imagineering in 1965. There, he programmed Audio-Animatronics® figures for such Disneyland attractions as Great Moments with Mr. LincolnMission to MarsPirates of the CaribbeanHaunted MansionCountry Bear Jamboree, and America Sings. Bill once said, "One of the most enjoyable Disneyland projects was the Pirates of the Caribbean. Manipulating the figures in each vignette was a multiple challenge." Bill went on to help bring to life the cast of Walt Disney World's The Hall of Presidents attraction. He also masterminded the Mickey Mouse Revue, featured at Walt Disney World and, later, Tokyo Disneyland.
Bill also had knack for designing parades. In 1959, he designed the floats and costumes for one of the first Disneyland Christmas Parades, and also produced sketches for the Main Street Electrical Parade. He created a number of murals for the Disney theme parks, including a massive "family portrait" of all the Disney characters for Walt Disney World's The Walt Disney Story pre-show area.
After 42 years with the Company, Bill retired in February 1979. He wrote a book about his Disney years called Justice for Disney, and was a frequent guest at Disneyana Conventions.
Bill Justice passed away on February 10, 2011, one day after his 97th birthday, in Santa Monica, California.
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Bill Evans (1910–2002)
Imagineering • 1992
In 1952, third-generation horticulturist Bill Evans was called to landscape the grounds of Walt Disney's Holmby Hills home as well as the gardens that surrounded his backyard railroad, the Carolwood Pacific. Little did he know at the time, however, Walt had another task percolating in the back of his mind. In 1954, Walt asked Bill and his brother, Jack, "How about you fellows landscaping Disneyland for me?"
Within a year, Bill helped transform 80 acres of Anaheim orange groves into lush theme park attractions, including the Jungle Cruise. With its canopy of bamboo, ficus, and palms, which tower 70 feet overhead, the two-acre man-made jungle was described by Bill as "the best darn jungle this side of Costa Rica."
Indeed, Bill was known not only for using unusual plants, but for using plants in unusual ways. As Disney Imagineer Terry Palmer explained:
"In the Jungle Cruise, there's a group of orange trees that most people would never recognize because Bill planted them upside down. He decided the gnarled roots of the orange trees looked like suitably exotic jungle branches."
Born June 10, 1910, in Santa Monica, California, Bill's first botanical classroom was his father's three-acre garden. It was filled with exotic plants, including 150 varieties of hibiscus, collected by his father. In 1928, Bill joined the Merchant Marine and, while he traveled the world aboard the S.S. President Harrison, he gathered exotic seeds for his father's garden from distant lands including the West Indies, South Africa, and Australia.
Upon his return from duty, Bill studied at Pasadena City College before proceeding to Stanford, where he majored in geology. His education was cut short, however, by the Great Depression. In 1931, he helped transform his father's garden into a nursery business—Evans and Reeves Landscaping. Their inventory of rare and exotic plants soon caught the attention of Hollywood's elite; among their celebrity clientele were Greta Garbo, Clark Gable, Elizabeth Taylor, and, ultimately, Walt Disney.
After Disneyland opened in July 1955, Bill stayed on as a consultant, drawing landscape plans, installing materials and supervising maintenance of the Park. Later, he was named director of landscape architecture, working on Disneyland additions and the master plan for Walt Disney World and EPCOT Center.
In 1975, Bill retired from Disney, but was soon summoned back to consult on landscape design for Tokyo Disneyland. He also consulted on the schematic designs for Walt Disney World's Polynesian Resort Hotel, Discovery Island, Typhoon Lagoon, Disney-MGM Studios, and other elements of the Florida resort. He was key in selecting plants for Disneyland Paris and Disney's Animal Kingdom in Florida.
Bill Evans passed away on August 16, 2002, at the age of 92. He was posthumously awarded the American Society of Landscape Architects Medal for his lifetime of achievements.
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Charles Boyer (1935–2021)
Parks & Resorts • 2005
In 1960, Charles Boyer accepted a "temporary" job at Disneyland—and stayed for 39 years. Charles has the unique distinction of having been Disneyland's first full-time artist, and in the 45 years since his hiring has become Disneyland's master illustrator. He has captured in his work the unique and fanciful spirit of Disney characters and theme park environments.
Charles's art training began with art classes in high school, where he nurtured a love for the beautiful desert landscape. As a teenager, he won first place at the Imperial Valley County Fair and developed a passion for the work of Vincent Van Gogh.
Soon after, he enrolled in courses at Chouinard Art Institute. He received a "working scholarship," performing double duty as the janitor while attending classes as an art student. Classes in design and cartooning convinced Charles to consider a commercial art career as an alternative to fine arts.
Charles thought of furthering his art studies abroad, however, his wife did not want to leave the United States. Instead, he found a job at Disneyland as a pastel artist creating guest portraits.
"I thought it would be fun," he later recalled, "and a good fill-in between jobs." It proved to be only the beginning of his long career with Disney.
Six months later, he joined the marketing and advertising art department as an illustrator. "We did everything—design, production, illustration," Charles said.
During his 39 years with Disneyland, Charles produced nearly 50 collectible lithographs, as well as a diverse range of artwork for magazine covers, brochures, and flyers—even Company-commissioned oil portraits for retiring employees. He worked in all media including pastels, oils, watercolors, gouache, acrylics, pencil, and ink. Prolific in his work, Charles's works are sought after by collectors around the world.
On his retirement in 1999, the artist reflected, "I've worked with such great people. My wife used to ask if I was actually getting any work done, because I was having so much fun."
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Van France (1912–1999)
Attractions • 1994
As founder of the "University of Disneyland" training center, today called The Disney University, Van Arsdale France helped promote Walt Disney's philosophy of creating happiness. Through this unique forum, he encouraged smiles on employee faces and the treatment of Park visitors as very important guests.
Van's progressive concepts in guest service have been recognized as among the finest in the country. The training handbooks he authored, which feature themes such as "You're an Ambassador of Happiness" and "You're Here Because You Care," have provided the foundation for the training of every new Disneyland Cast Member since the Park's opening in July 1955.
Dick Nunis, former chairman of Walt Disney Attractions, once described Van as a combination of Jiminy Cricket, Mary Poppins, and an angry Donald Duck.
He elaborated, "Van believes in Walt Disney's dream of Disneyland and has convinced thousands of us that our goal is to 'create happiness for others.' He goes into a Donald Duck fit if he thinks we lose sight of the dream when we have to watch costs and make a profit. To survive in this changing dream, Van's mixed pixie dust with the grist of corporate reality."
Born in Seattle, Washington, on October 3, 1912, Van earned his liberal arts degree from San Diego State College in 1934. His first jobs proved varied, ranging from a dishwasher on an Ohio-Mississippi Riverboat to a laborer in a kelp processing plant.
His experience as an industrial labor relations expert began when he was hired as director of education for the Fort Worth Division of General Dynamics. This led to an appointment as a civilian educational consultant for the U.S. Army in England and, later, Germany. Upon his return to the United States, Van became superintendent of industrial relations for Kaiser Aluminum Corporation's Mead Works and director of labor relations for Kaiser Frazer in Michigan.
Van joined Disney in March of 1955, creating the University of Disneyland training program for the Park's newly hired cast. Over the years he went on to perform many roles at the Park, including area manager of Tomorrowland, organizational chairman of the Disneyland Recreation Club, and coordinator of the first Disneyland Cast Member magazine, Backstage Disneyland.
In 1978 he retired from Disney and became a special consultant to Dick Nunis, who then headed the Park. He also went on to author Old Dogs Can Learn New Tricks, a career guide for senior working adults, as well as his autobiography, Window On Main Street: 35 Years of Creating Happiness at Disneyland Park. He remained an active member of the Disneyland Golden Ears Club and the Disneyland Alumni Club, and spoke on Disneyland history at conventions around the country.
Van France passed away on October 13, 1999, in Newport Beach, California.
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Neil Gallagher
Imagineering • 2008
"Almost since the day he joined the Disney Studio machine shop, Neil Gallagher was a leader," Disney Legend and former Imagineering ambassador Marty Sklar once recalled.
Neil hired into the Disney Studio machine shop in April 1957. He worked in the general shop on projects for Disneyland, and in Studio back lot support. His interest began to lean toward the developing craft of mechanical animation and manufacturing, and for Walt Disney's Enchanted Tiki Room, Gallagher built flower boats with singing orchids, tiki drummers, and rotating birdcages.
"He worked tirelessly on any animation project given to him and always solicited ideas and solutions from co-workers, in his quest to build better animation," said engineering, design, and production authority and Disney Legend Orlando Ferrante.
In 1963, Neil was assigned to the Mr. Lincoln research and development team to create the most sophisticated Audio-Animatronics® figure of its time. In 1964, he traveled to the New York World's Fair to install and complete the show programming of the Lincoln figure for the Stare of Illinois pavilion.
For the next 18 months Neil led the show and animation maintenance of the four Disney shows at the Fair. This valuable experience allowed him to suggest improved methods of manufacturing and organization for MAPO, the Disney manufacturing entity. After the Fair, he returned to California to lead the show and animation team at MAPO in the development of new shows and attractions for Disneyland and Walt Disney World in Florida.
In 1971, Neil relocated to Florida to set up the show installation and maintenance teams in time for the October opening of the Magic Kingdom. In early 1972, he was promoted to director of maintenance for Walt Disney World.
As the Company prepared to build Epcot Center, Neil was moved to Buena Vista Construction Company to direct their involvement in this challenging project. Shortly after the opening of Epcot Center, he was sent to Tokyo Disneyland to reinforce executive leadership to successfully open Disney's pioneering international park. "These two projects, constructed at the same time on opposite sides of the planet, stretched the resources of the entire company," Ferrante later recalled. "Without men like Neil, we would never have made it."
By late 1983 Gallagher was back in Florida, as vice president of Walt Disney World engineering and construction, a position he held through the 1989 completion of the Disney-MGM Studios Theme Park. His next assignment took him to France, and the land use planning of the Euro Disney Resort. He also assisted Walt Disney Imagineering with organizational planning for engineering and professional construction management to execute the project. Three more years passed before he was able to return to Florida, where he resumed his leadership role at Walt Disney World as vice president of engineering, construction and Central Shops.
"Every project leader wanted Neil on their team because he always solicited ideas and new solutions from his co-workers," Marty Sklar once reflected. "Neil understood that leadership requires trusting and empowering your teammates."
After more than 23 years in Florida, and a total of 37 years with The Walt Disney Company, Neil Gallagher retired in 1994. He passed away on September 11, 1995.
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Masatomo Takahashi (1913–2000)
Administration • 1998
Like Walt Disney, who dreamed of uniting people from around the world at his California theme park, Masatomo Takahashi of the Oriental Land Company (OLC) had a dream.
His dream, however, was not to bring the children of Japan to Disneyland, but to bring Disneyland to the children of Japan. This vision was the beginning of Tokyo Disneyland.
Former vice chairman of The Walt Disney Company, Roy E. Disney, once said, "Masatomo's vision and desire to bring the joys of a Disney park to Tokyo were instrumental to the establishment and continuing success of Tokyo Disneyland. Thanks to Masatomo, for years to come, families around the Asia-Pacific region will experience the delights of Disney and its magical theme parks."
Born on September 4, 1913, in Fukushima, Japan, Masatomo graduated with a degree in law from Tokyo Imperial University in 1939. Upon graduation, he joined Riken Heavy Industries Company until World War II, when he served in Shanghai and New Guinea as an Army interpreter.
After the war, he joined Kenzai Co., Ltd. as its executive managing director and, later, its president. In 1961, Masatomo joined the real estate development firm OLC as its senior executive managing director. In that position, he was responsible for negotiating land reclamation with local fishermen.
Over the years, he steadily rose through the corporate ranks, becoming its president and representative director in August 1978. It was during this time that he first approached Walt Disney Productions with the concept of building a Disneyland theme park in Tokyo.
Masatomo's request, though bold, seemed eminently feasible after the success of the Walt Disney World resort in Florida, especially since OLC owned property near the densely populated city of Tokyo that was well-suited for recreational purposes.
Contracts were signed in April 1979 between Disney and OLC. Masatomo and other project leaders felt that the Japanese market did not want an Asian version of Disneyland, but a park just like those in America. Others questioned whether the Disneyland style of entertainment would succeed outside of the United States. Ultimately it was Masatomo who diligently guided the multi-million dollar theme park to fulfillment in 1983. Tokyo Disneyland was embraced by the Japanese public, and continues to draw more than 17 million guests each year.
As chairman of OLC, Masatomo expanded his vision in the late 1990s to include Tokyo DisneySea. This theme park, inspired by myths and legends of the ocean, sits adjacent to Tokyo Disneyland and overlooks the waters of Tokyo Bay.
Masatomo passed away on January 31, 2000, before the 2001 opening of Tokyo DisneySea.
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Julie Reihm Casaletto
Parks & Resorts • 2015
For decades, Disney Ambassadors have been a constant presence around the globe, attending special events, supporting charitable causes, and spreading goodwill. But the long tradition began with a single individual—Julie Reihm Casaletto, the very first Disneyland Ambassador.
a personification of Disneyland's world-famous spirit of friendliness and happiness.
Julie was born in Galveston, Texas, but the Reihm family moved to Long Beach, California, when she was three months old. After high school, she attended California State Long Beach to study speech. As a part-time job, she became a tour guide at Disneyland. Working weekends and summers in the Park, she soon came to know Walt Disney and quickly got to experience Walt's impish sense of humor.
"I had first met him in the Park when I was a tour guide," Julie recalls. "He followed me up Main Street." One of the members of Julie's tour group was upset that there was a man who hadn't paid for it following the tour. She told Julie that that the man shouldn't get the same information as a paying guest. Julie had hoped that Walt overheard and would move along, because, as she says, "It would have been highly unusual to go up to the man who owned the place and tell him to run along."
"He just winked and grinned at me and walked away. I think he enjoyed taking you a little bit by surprise, and seeing your reaction to things. He delighted in seeing other people delighted."
Walt . . . delighted in seeing other people delighted.
After two years as a tour guide, Julie was encouraged to apply for a new role—that of "Disneyland's Ambassador to the World." As Walt's commitments had increased and his free time dwindled, he found it hard to attend all the events to which he was invited. Disney needed a representative who could travel the world, speaking for Walt when he could not be there in person. Although she initially turned down the offer to become Ambassador—taking a year off from her studies didn't seem wise—she eventually changed her mind and was chosen as Disneyland's first Ambassador in 1965.
As first Ambassador, she was chosen as "a personification of Disneyland's world-famous spirit of friendliness and happiness." She became the template upon which decades of Ambassadors would pattern themselves.
At the time, Julie expressed her genuine enthusiasm for the opportunity the role presented, and the advantage two years of tours for guests from all over the world offered. "I've learned so many fascinating things about so many places from them, I can hardly wait to see them for myself. I feel I've travelled everywhere because of the wonderful people I've met at Disneyland."
In 1965, on the occasion of Disneyland's "Tencennial," the 10th anniversary of the Park opening, Julie was a key part of the festivities. She appeared on the Wonderful World of Color episode "The Disneyland Tenth Anniversary Show," where Walt introduced her to Disney Legends such as John Hench and Marc Davis, while giving a preview of upcoming attractions such as the Haunted Mansion and Pirates of the Caribbean. "The highlight of my year was to see Walt smiling ear to ear about a new idea—a new project—and feeling his boyish excitement," she later recalled.
Julie also attended several events related to the release of Mary Poppins. Her travels took her to most of the United States and several foreign nations, where she often accepted awards and honors on behalf of Walt. She logged more than 52,000 miles in the United States, Europe, and Asia.
After a year serving as Ambassador, Julie returned to her studies—despite attempts to convince her to stay with Disneyland. She would return on occasion to give tours to VIPs or attend special events, but eventually left California to raise a family in Virginia. She continues to hold fond memories of her time as Ambassador, and of her time spent with Walt. "He wasn't just a great creative person, he was a good 'common sense' person, and he was a person who was tenacious about wanting to get something right, doing the right thing, being there at the right moment—it all meant so much to him. And that was something that we shared, and he realized it, and I realized it, so that was a quick bond for the two of us."
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Randy Bright (1938–1990)
Imagineering • 2005
"The summer of 1959 was a very special one for me," Randy Bright recalled in 1987. "As a college undergraduate, I had enlisted in the Navy—the Disneyland Navy—and was scheduled for active duty aboard the sailing ship Columbia, the newest vessel to ply Frontierland's Rivers of America." Randy subsequently worked on nearly every attraction in the Park, even roaming Tomorrowland as Disneyland's costumed spaceman.
Born in Long Beach, California in 1938, Randy attended California State University, Fullerton, earning a B.A. in political science. It was at this time that Randy met his wife, Pat, then a Disneyland tour guide, while both were working in the Park. In 1965, Randy moved into a full-time position with Disneyland's Disney University, where he specialized in publications and audio-visual presentations.
In 1968, Marty Sklar brought Randy to Walt Disney Imagineering (WDI) as a staff writer, working on shows for Disneyland and the then-in-development Walt Disney World. From 1973 to 1976, he was manager of Employee Communications at the Florida Disney University, after which he returned to California to lead the WDI Communications department.
As manager of concepts and communications, he also produced marketing films for the EPCOT project, then in the conceptual stage. Beginning in 1979, Randy served as director of scripts and show development, where he functioned as executive producer of film projects for Epcot Center, Tokyo Disneyland, and other Disney Theme Park projects.
In addition, he served as writer and show producer for The American Adventure in World Showcase at Epcot.
In 1983, he was promoted to vice president, concept development, responsible for overseeing the development of all major shows and attractions for Disney Parks. In 1987, Randy was again promoted, to executive producer, Disneyland and Walt Disney World Theme Parks.
For nearly two years, Randy researched, developed, and wrote the 1987 book, Disneyland: The Inside Story, an Imagineer's-eye view of the first Disney Park. Randy also served as coordinating producer on The Disneyland Story, an hour-long special for the Disney Channel.
On May 29, 1990, Randy Bright was tragically struck and killed in a bicycling accident near his Yorba Linda, California, home.
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Dorothea Redmond (1910–2009)
Imagineering • 2008
Artist Dorothea Redmond was well known at Walt Disney Imagineering (WDI) for her skills as a painter and illustrator. "All the great art directors, like Bill Martin and Harper Goff, wanted Dorothea's design illustrations," Disney Legend and former Imagineering ambassador Marty Sklar once said.
Dorothea was born in Los Angeles, California, on May 18, 1910. After receiving her degree in interior design from the USC School of Architecture and attending Art Center College, Dorothea went to work for producer David O. Selznick.
At Selznick International, she contributed to The Young in HeartGone with The Wind, and Alfred Hitchcock's Rebecca. Dorothea also worked at RKO with famed French director Jean Renoir, at Universal Studios, and at Paramount. An especially fond Paramount memory was the "great sets" of The Road to Bali with Bing Crosby and Bob Hope. After working with Charlie Chaplin on Limelight and with Hitchcock again on Rear Window (1954), Dorothea joined an architectural firm.
Tired of "ten years of working weekends to meet Monday deadlines," the artist joined WDI in October of 1964. Some of her first Disney work involved the transformation of Disneyland's Red Wagon Inn Restaurant into the sumptuously appointed Plaza Inn. Working with art director John Hench, Dorothea transformed the Inn into a graceful dining facility that was one of Walt's favorite spots to host guests.
Her next project was to design interior settings for New Orleans Square. Dorothea did many interior and exterior views of the area restaurants and shops, her evocative style bringing a rich reality to the finished work.
"A Dorothea Redmond watercolor painting is a wonder to behold," Disney artist and historian Stacia Martin once said. "The exquisite detail coaxed from the elusive medium combines with a flawless sense of color and light to create not just illustrations, but living environments."
Working with art directors Bill Martin and Bob Brown, as well as with Walt himself, Dorothea developed the interior paintings of the Royal Suite, a Disney family hideaway atop New Orleans Square, once the home of The Disney Gallery and currently the Disneyland "Dream Suite."
Dorothea remained at WDI to work on the Walt Disney World project in Florida, where her work was varied and prolific, including moody studies for Fantasyland, renderings for an architecturally opulent Main Street, and Adventureland area development that communicated a feminine and ethereal mood of exotica.
"Her watercolor sketches were extraordinary placemaking," Marty Sklar once said. "They expressed the concept so beautifully you felt you had already 'been there' in her restaurants and shop interiors, Walt's suite for New Orleans Square, or along the promenade in Epcot's World Showcase."
She designed the elaborate murals in the entry passage through Cinderella Castle. The five fifteen-by-ten-foot panels were realized in a million pieces of multicolored Italian glass, real silver, and 14-karat gold, and were duplicated for Tokyo Disneyland a decade later. "She combines her knowledge of space and structure with a stylized storytelling experience evoking the animated film—yet giving it a new, illuminated elegance," Stacia Martin later said.
Dorothea retired in June of 1974. Her work was later featured in the exhibit Casting a Shadow: Creating the Alfred Hitchcock Film, organized by the Mary and Leigh Block Museum of Art, Northwestern University, in collaboration with The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences Margaret Herrick Library.
Dorothea passed away at age 98 on February 27, 2009 at her home in the Hollywood Hills.
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Bob Allen (1932–1987)
Attractions • 1996
Bob Allen began working with Disney in 1955 as a ride operator at Disneyland. Eventually, he rose through the ranks to become vice president of Walt Disney World. Still, he remained a modest and low-key executive, who gained the respect of Central Florida's government and community. Civic-minded, Bob regularly volunteered to serve the state and the Orlando community. Among his posts, he served as chairman of the Central Florida Economic Development Advisory Council and member of the Governor's Committee on the Future. He was among Disney's greatest goodwill ambassadors.
In 1987, the Orlando Sentinel described Bob as a person "who knew how to be successful and compassionate at the same time." Fellow Disney Legend Joe Potter recalled that same year, "He was a great, great lover of people, and he showed it. When you met Bob Allen, he acted like you were the first person he ever met." Former Florida Governor Reubin Askew added, "Bob was an outstanding person. He did a tremendous job for Disney and beyond that he was a very warm human being."
Born in Corona, California, on February 4, 1932, Bob served in the United States Navy for four years during the Korean War. After the war, while majoring in physical education at Long Beach State College, he applied for a job at Disneyland on a "lark."
He won a position working on the Casey Jr. Circus Train in Fantasyland, charged with blowing a whistle if anyone fell off of the train.
During those early years he held a variety of posts, including manager of the Golden Horseshoe Revue and manager of guest relations. By 1963, he advanced to production coordinator at Disneyland. In 1964, Bob moved to Denver, Colorado, where he managed Disney's first venture into family recreation and location-based entertainment—the Celebrity Sports Center. Under his able guidance, the Center became a financial success. Then, in 1968, he returned to Disneyland to serve as staff assistant to the vice president of Disneyland and director of General Services. In that position, he helped prepare for the opening of Walt Disney World in Florida.
In 1970, Bob moved to Florida to serve as director of General Services for Walt Disney World and was later named vice president of its Resorts Division. He was elected chairman of the Walt Disney World Operating Committee in 1973, and on January 1, 1977, was promoted to vice president of Walt Disney World. In that position, he supervised the Park's day-to-day operations, as well as its long-range development, until he passed away on November 8, 1987.
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Ron Dominguez (1935–2021)
Parks & Resorts • 2000
Former executive vice president of Walt Disney Attractions, Ron Dominguez is a "native Disneylander." His family originally owned and lived on 10 acres of the orange grove-covered property that was purchased by Walt Disney for his theme park in 1954.
"Our house was located right about where the entrance to Pirates of the Caribbean and Cafe Orleans are today," he once recalled. "The day we moved out, in August of 1954, we were walking in ditches and holes. Things were popping up around us because construction had to move ahead. They built Disneyland in a year."
Ron, his mother and brother all grew up on the Anaheim property. They had inherited it from Ron's grandfather, who had purchased 30 acres of land in the area in the late 1800s. The day they moved away was bittersweet; as Ron recalled, "It was a very emotional day."
Born on August 10, 1935, Ron later attended Anaheim High School and the University of Arizona, where he studied business administration. Then, on July 13, 1955, just four days before Disneyland opened, 20-year-old Ron took a summer job as a ticket taker at the new theme park. He found that Walt had moved his family's two-story, Spanish-style house behind Main Street, U.S.A. for use as administrative offices.
Ron gives his former boss Doc Lemmon credit for encouraging him to extend his summer job. Within one year of joining Disney, he had been trained on every attraction and was named temporary supervisor of Main Street, U.S.A.
One of his most memorable stints was working as Davy Crockett on the Keel Boats. Dressed in a coonskin cap, Ron was a popular target for photographers. He didn't relish the attention, and quickly asked for a transfer.
In 1957, Ron became assistant supervisor of Frontierland and went on to supervise Adventureland and Frontierland before being named supervisor of Tomorrowland in 1962. That same year, he became general supervisor of the west side of the Park and was later promoted to its manager.
By 1970, Ron was appointed director of operations, and, four years later, was named vice president of Disneyland and chairman of the park operating committee. In 1990, he was named executive vice president, Walt Disney Attractions, West Coast.
Throughout his career, Ron developed strong relations with the City of Anaheim, devoting hours of service to local organizations and helping pave the way toward creation of a second local theme park, Disney's California Adventure.
After 39 years of service to The Walt Disney Company, Ron Dominguez retired in August of 1994.
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Hideo Amemiya (1944–2001)
Parks & Resorts • 2005
"Life is a journey, not a destination," said Hideo Amemiya, a 30-year cast member and one of Disneyland's most distinguished senior leaders.
Born in Tokyo on September 4, 1944, Hideo graduated from Rikkyo University in Tokyo with a bachelor's degree in social science, and the University of Massachusetts, with a bachelor's degree in hotel and restaurant management.
He joined The Walt Disney Company in 1971 at the Polynesian Hotel at Walt Disney World. "When Walt Disney World opened, the Magic Kingdom and its operational standards were modeled after the original Disneyland in California," Hideo recalled. "However, Disney had never operated a hotel, so it took some time for true Disney philosophy to become integrated into a hotel operation."
He was director of resort operations at Walt Disney World in Florida when he joined the first Tokyo Disneyland team.
"I assisted both Disney and the Oriental Land Company [owner and operator of Tokyo Disneyland] during the negotiations to ensure that there was a clear understanding on both sides. I also assisted WDI in discussions with our artists and designers for a clearer understanding of the Japanese culture so that the portrayals of the culture could be properly produced."
He went on to executive positions at Disney resorts in his native Japan and then in Anaheim. Prior to his promotion in 2000 to senior vice president of Disneyland Resort hotels, he was vice president and general manager of the Disneyland Hotel. In his final role, he was in charge of operations and of the 7,000 employees at Disney's Paradise Pier Hotel, the Disneyland Hotel, and Disney's Grand Californian Hotel.
Hideo was known as a man of wit, energy, and vision whose enthusiasm for Disney projects never flagged. His zeal was contagious; he never had trouble getting people on board his projects. An active community member, Hideo was involved with many business and civic organizations, serving on the board of directors of the Anaheim Visitor and Convention Bureau and the Anaheim Hotel-Motel Association.
Hideo Amemiya passed away on February 17, 2001.
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Herb Ryman (1910–1989)
Imagineering • 1990
In 1953, Walt Disney asked Herb Ryman to sketch an idea for an amusement park that would appeal to both children and adults. Over a single weekend—and with Walt looking over his shoulder—Herb took a small carbon pencil and illustrated Walt's dreams on paper. Within two years, those dreams were transformed into reality and Disneyland became the first theme park of its kind in the world.
Herb had an uncanny knack for translating Walt's ideas into drawings. Perhaps this was because, like Walt, he was a child at heart. Disney Legend Marty Sklar, a former president of Walt Disney Imagineering (WDI), once said:
"Herbie was like our own little Tinker Bell at WDI. He was always sprinkling pixie dust on everyone and he never grew up. He had a tremendous curiosity for everything and everybody."
Born June 28, 1910, in Vernon, Illinois, Herbert Dickens Ryman graduated from Chicago Art Institute with honors before moving to Hollywood in 1932. He worked as a storyboard illustrator at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer on such classics as Mutiny on the BountyDavid Copperfield, and The Good Earth. The latter film, set in China, inspired Herb to take a year off and travel the world. He chronicled his 1937 trip by recording his impressions in a sketchbook.
The next year, back in Los Angeles, Herb met Walt Disney for the first time at a gallery exhibit of his work. Walt was so impressed with the paintings on display that he invited Herb to join the Walt Disney Studio. While Herb went on to serve as an art director for such feature-length animated classics as Fantasia and Dumbo, Disneyland became the centerpiece of his Disney career. Among his contributions were designs for Main Street, U.S.A., Sleeping Beauty Castle and New Orleans Square. In 1988, his 1964 painting of New Orleans Square was selected by the State Department for display at the U.S. Embassy in Paris. Herb also contributed concepts for the Jungle CruisePirates of the Caribbean, and for attractions featured at the 1964-65 New York World's Fair, including Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln.
A prolific artist outside of Disney, Herb produced watercolors, oil paintings, acrylics, and charcoal sketches that were collected by such luminaries as Mrs. William Guggenheim, Cecil B. DeMille, and John and Lionel Barrymore.
Herb retired in 1971 only to return a few years later as a full-time consultant, sketching numerous conceptual drawings for EPCOT Center. His work for that park included detailed park renderings as well as inspirational paintings for the American Adventure and China pavilions, among others. He also developed the popular Hall of Presidents at Walt Disney World and the Meet the World attraction at Tokyo Disneyland.
Herb Ryman passed away on February 10, 1989, in Los Angeles, while still at work on ideas for Disneyland Paris.
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Jack Olsen (1923–1980)
Parks & Resorts • 2005
The window on Main Street in Walt Disney World's Magic Kingdom reads, "Olsen's Imported Novelties & Souvenirs, 'World's Largest Collection of Keychains,' Jack Olsen 'The Merchant Prince.'" The window is a playful tribute to the 22-year Disney career of the man who stocked the shelves at Disneyland and the Walt Disney World Magic Kingdom with T-shirts, plush toys, ceramics, books, toys, and yes, key chains, for two decades.
Born in Salt Lake City, Utah in 1923, Jack moved to California in 1926. Following graduation from Grossmont High School, Jack attended Penn State College, where he majored in mathematics.
He served four years in the Armed Forces during World War II, for which he received two Purple Hearts and two Presidential citations while a tech sergeant with the 78th Infantry Division in Europe.
After the War, he managed artists' supply stores and art galleries in the Los Angeles area, and had his own ceramics manufacturing and importing firm. He was, throughout his life, an artist, painting in oils and watercolors, and creating in ceramics and other art media.
Employed in early 1955 as a background artist at the Walt Disney Studios, Jack soon became manager of stores then operated by the Studio at Disneyland. He was transferred to Disneyland's Merchandising Division in 1960 as manager of Product and Project Design and Development. In 1964, he became director of the Merchandising Division, and held that position until 1970 when, as vice president of merchandising, he contributed his many talents to the successful opening and operation of Walt Disney World.
Jack Olsen retired from Walt Disney World in 1977. He passed away in April 1980.
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Mary Jones (1915–2008)
Parks & Resorts • 2005
In the late 1940s, Mary Jones, who was born in 1915, began a job that eventually led her to work at Disneyland. "I worked for the Anaheim Truck and Transfer Company, which was owned by the Mayor of Anaheim, Charles A. Pearson," Mary explained. "During those years I met Ed Ettinger, who was Disneyland's director of the Public Relations division. I resigned from the trucking company in 1956, so I could be at home with our three daughters."
Mary promised to let Ed know if she ever planned to work again, so she called his office in 1962 and left word that she would return to work in September. Ed offered her a job, and on Disneyland's seventh anniversary, Mary accepted a job at the Park as a Secretary.
In September, Ettinger asked Mary to assume responsibility for Disneyland Community Relations. That included administering the Community Service Awards, which had been initiated in 1957. Mary accepted the challenge, but explained that she "also enrolled in public relations courses at USC and UCLA in order to do the best job possible."
Mary once said, "My philosophy on our responsibility has always been that good community relations is making sure that Disneyland is a good neighbor and citizen, and if we can do that, it benefits the community, our cast members, and Disneyland."
In addition to such programs as the Community Service Awards, Mary initiated and supervised the Operation Christmas program and the Community Action Team.
International relations was also an important part of Mary's work. "Because we are such an international institution, dignitaries and visitors who come to our country want to see Disneyland," Mary recalled. Working with the State Department and as liaison to the Los Angeles Consular Corps and the San Francisco consulates, which have jurisdiction over Orange County, Mary coordinated visits to the Park by heads of state, royalty, and other important foreign dignitaries. Because of this knowledge, Mary was "on loan" during her final year at Disneyland to the County of Orange, to establish an official protocol for the County.
After nearly a quarter of a century of distinguished service to the Park, Mary retired in February of 1986. Her year-long "loan" to the County continued for almost another decade, during which Mary established the Orange County Office of Protocol and served as its chief.
On her retirement from the Park, Mary reflected not on her own achievements, but her appreciation of Disneyland teamwork. "Because of our department's unique responsibilities, we've had to rely on the help and cooperation of all the divisions—and they've always come through. It has truly been a joy."
Mary Jones passed away on May 23, 2008.
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Roger Broggie (1908–1991)
Imagineering • 1990
As Walt Disney's original Imagineer, Roger Broggie built everything from steam locomotives to electronic robots that could sing and dance. Gifted with mechanical genius, there wasn't anything Roger couldn't do or figure out how to do. He epitomized the essence of Disney Imagineering—"the blending of creative imagination and technical know-how."
When Roger was honored at the Disney Legends Awards on October 18, 1990, company Chairman Michael Eisner said, "Any mechanical things you had to do, what you said was, 'Call Roger, he'll know how to fix it.' Without him, Disneyland wouldn't have happened."
Born in Pittsfield, Massachusetts, in 1908, Roger graduated from Mooseheart High School in Illinois in 1927. Having received vocational machine shop training, he moved to Los Angeles where he worked for such companies as Technicolor and Bell and Howell. In 1932, he built and operated a rear-projection system for Teague Process Company at General Service Studios. During this period, Roger worked on films for Walter Wanger, David O. Selznick, and Charlie Chaplin.
By invitation of a friend who worked at Disney, Roger joined the Studio as a precision machinist in 1939. Among his first assignments was installing the complicated multiplane animation camera equipment at Disney's new Burbank lot. He later worked closely with fellow Disney Legend Ub Iwerks to develop rear-screen special effects, camera cranes, and high-speed optical printers.
In 1949, Roger helped Walt build his own miniature trains in the Studio Machine Shop and went on to install Walt's backyard railroad at his Holmby Hills home. Later, Roger was instrumental in developing the Disneyland and Santa Fe Railroad in Anaheim.
Roger was promoted to head of the Studio Machine Shop in 1950. Under his able direction, the shop's responsibilities expanded in four years from creating special effects for films such as 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea to producing attractions for Disneyland. These included the Monorail system and Matterhorn Bobsleds, as well as new film processes and techniques like Circle-Vision 360—a motion picture format with screens that completely surround the audience.
In 1951, Walt assigned Roger to work on "Project Little Man;" along with fellow Imagineer Wathel Rogers, Roger constructed a nine-inch tall figure of a man that moved and talked; it became the prototype of Audio-Animatronics® technology. In 1963, Roger and his department completed Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln, the first application of Audio-Animatronics technology to a life-sized human figure. The show premiered at the 1964-65 New York World's Fair.
In 1973, Roger turned his attention to planning for EPCOT Center until, after dedicating more than 35 years to the Company, he retired in 1975. The Walt Disney World Railroad steam engine No. 3 is named the Roger E. Broggie in his honor.
Roger Broggie passed away on November 4, 1991, in Los Angeles.
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Hideo Aramaki (1915–2005)
Parks & Resorts • 2005
In 1964, Hideo "Indian" Aramaki was offered the job as chef of the Disneyland Tahitian Terrace. "I took a cut in pay," Indian recalled, "but when I saw the cleanliness of the kitchen, the equipment and the way things were run, I was happy." Two years later he was promoted to executive chef over all the food establishments in Disneyland, a post he held until his retirement in 1985.
Hideo, who was born September 2, 1915, played semi-pro baseball in 1935 with the Cleveland Indians. They dubbed him "Indian"—the same nickname he had been given by boyhood pals in his town of Puunene, Hawaii. Many years later, Walt Disney asked Hideo if he was actually Indian, and he replied that he was Japanese. Walt liked the nickname, though, and ordered a new name tag for Indian.
To this day, he is one of the only Disneyland employees who has been allowed to wear a tag with a nickname.
Considering the awards and honors that Indian gathered over the years, it's hard to believe this culinary expert had no formal training. In fact, the long road to his career as a chef began humbly enough soon after his graduation from high school, in the sugar cane fields of Maui, where he went to work to help support his family.
Though Indian was considered twice for the major leagues, he never made it because of racial barriers of the time. When World War II broke out, Indian and his wife, Keiko, were interned in Poston, Arizona. Finally, because Indian's brother was in the Army infantry, they were released from the camp.
After a brief stay in New York, Indian moved to Chicago, where he began his career in the kitchen. "Imagine a Japanese named Indian starting a Jewish-Chinese restaurant on Chicago's south side," he chuckled. "I didn't know much about cooking, but my wife did." Indian proved to be a quick study. The family soon moved back to California when Indian was appointed executive chef of the Kono Hawaii Restaurant in Santa Ana.
Then he came to Disneyland, where he cooked for numerous celebrities and visiting dignitaries such as Emperor Hirohito and Empress Nagako of Japan.
Though Indian had no formal training of his own, he helped to train many other chefs, including several at Tokyo Disneyland and Epcot Center. Even though the food is produced in quantity, he emphasized the need to maintain uniformity and high standards. "Simple, good food cooked and served right," he said. "That's the main thing."
"Never stop learning," he was quick to add. "Always try to do better."
Hideo Aramaki passed away on September 7, 2005.
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Buzz Price (1921–2010)
Imagineering • 2003
Research economist Harrison "Buzz" Price helped Walt Disney hand pick the optimum locations for Disneyland in 1953 and Walt Disney World in 1963, among other projects. And over time, he became one of Walt's most trusted advisors.
A month prior to his death in 1966, Walt personally appointed Buzz to care for one of his most prized projects, the California Institute of the Arts (CalArts) in Valencia. CalArts was to be a unique educational concept that would "cross fertilize" disciplines in art, design, music, dance, film, video, and theater.
More than 30 years after its 1971 opening, Buzz remained a dedicated trustee of CalArts. He said at the time, "I have never thought of leaving the school."
Born in Oregon City, Oregon, on May 17, 1921, Buzz moved with his family to San Diego, California, in 1930. He graduated as an engineer from the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena in 1942. He took a job as a sales engineer in South America and returned to the United States three years later to attend Stanford University, where he received his Masters in Business Administration in 1951.
Buzz went on to join the Stanford Research Institute, where he was contracted by Walt and Roy O. Disney to determine the economic feasibility of and the best location for a new project, Disneyland. As Buzz recalled, "I asked Walt if he had a bias about its location. Did he have any thoughts about where he thought it ought to be. He said, 'Absolutely not. You tell me where the best location is.'"
After concentrating on Orange County, Buzz analyzed ten potential sites in that metropolitan area. Considerations included population, accessibility, climate factors, and more. Ultimately, Buzz, Walt, and Roy selected 160 acres of orange grove in Anaheim, near the new Santa Ana Freeway, as the ideal location for Disneyland.
This land purchase marked the Company's first exercise in sophisticated location analysis and acquisition. Disneyland launched as the best-attended park in the world with about four million in attendance during its first year. Its attendance grew steadily over the next 37 years, at a compound rate of four percent, according to Buzz.
Walt respected Buzz's talent and encouraged him to form his own firm, offering a three-year contract for research time. So, in 1958, he founded Economics Research Associates (ERA) and conducted studies for Walt Disney World and Epcot Center near Orlando, Florida. He also conducted evaluating studies for CalArts and for Walt's proposed Mineral King project, a unique Swiss-themed ski resort that would be located near Sequoia National Park in California. Walt's premature death, however, marked the end of the project.
In all, Buzz conducted over 150 project studies for The Walt Disney Company, including site selection and feasibility for Tokyo Disneyland. His numerous non-Disney projects include master planning eight world's fairs, including Seattle and San Antonio; site and economic feasibility studies for Six Flags theme parks and Sea World parks; and planning studies for winter resorts, including Vail in Colorado.
Buzz received a lifetime achievement award from the Themed Entertainment Association in 1994; the award was subsequently re-named "The Buzz Price Thea Award" in his honor. In 2003, Buzz authored his autobiography, Walt's Revolution by the Numbers, published by Ripley's Entertainment, which tells how Walt and Roy approached strategic planning issues and the impact of their innovation in the attraction field.
Buzz Price passed away on August 15, 2010, in Pomona, California.
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Chuck Abbott
Parks & Resorts • 2005
There aren't many people whose careers include roadside service on a superhighway, bobsledding on the mighty Matterhorn, piloting a launch down mysterious jungle rivers, setting sail with bloodthirsty pirates, and preparing astronauts for their space adventures. Chuck Abbott did all those things and more, though, during his 36 years as one of Disneyland's foremost Attractions Hosts.
Chuck entered the Disneyland on-ramp on August 10, 1955, as a ride operator on Autopia. "In the days when there was no track, and cast members had to be quick on their feet to avoid a collision with oncoming guests," he once recalled.
Chuck made his way around the attractions of the young Park, "working wherever I was put," he said.
Although Chuck worked directly with Walt Disney Imagineering on the Pirates of the Caribbean during its planning and construction, and was made opening foreman for the attraction in 1967, Chuck maintained that his most memorable moment at Disney was meeting his future wife, Norma, who also worked at the Park.
In 1969, Chuck was named "Foreman of the Year" at the Matterhorn. In 1977, he was foreman for the opening of Space Mountain, and returned to the Matterhorn for the big rehab and reopening of the attraction in 1978. During the course of his career, Chuck also served as foreman of the Submarine VoyageJungle Cruise, the now-defunct Mine Train Through Nature's Wonderland, and many other attractions.
In 1987, Chuck conceived and initiated the cast member seeing-eye dog fund, which became a highly successful volunteer group.
Chuck's outside interests included travel, camping, and fishing. Those who worked with Chuck recall how much they enjoyed his sense of humor, and how deeply they respected his dedication and work ethic, and his comprehensive working knowledge of the attractions.
He was a member of Club 55, a group of original Disneyland Cast Members, named for Disneyland's inaugural year. In 1991, Chuck retired after 36 years with the Park, and moved to Utah, where he passed away on July 7, 2003.
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Bob Booth (1923–2009)
Imagineering • 2008
For nearly three decades, Bob Booth was the unwavering, steady-as-she-goes mechanical master whose work made practical all the dreams of the Disney Imagineers.
"Never brutal, always pragmatic, not the kind of boss that shop guys would fear but a boss you'd follow, because his strategies worked," summarized Disney Legend Bob Gurr.
"His pre-Disney experience included a passion for hot rods and high performance cars, especially those used to establish land speed records on courses similar to the Bonneville Salt Flats," recalled MAPO veteran Jim Verity. "He served in the United States Navy, and worked in other studios prior to his employment at Disney."
Bob, who was born in 1923, first joined Disney as a precision machinist in February 1957. He worked in the Studio's Camera Service department, where his work caught the eye of Disney Legend and mechanical genius Roger Broggie, who made Bob supervisor of the Studio Machine Shop in 1962.
In 1965, Bob was the man Roger Broggie selected to set up an innovative new multi-craft research and development and manufacturing subsidiary for Walt Disney Productions. "Roger told Bob to plan for building everything from animated birds to Monorail trains," said fellow Legend Orlando Ferrante, an engineering, design, and production master.
This subsidiary was known as MAPO, since much of its funding came from the phenomenal windfall created by the success of Mary Poppins; the acronym stood for Manufacturing and Production Organization. Much of Bob's planning for MAPO took place during 1965, prior to the conclusion of the extensive work for the 1964-1965 New York World's Fair. Booth supervised the design and construction of an all-new state-of-the-art building adjacent to the headquarters of WED Enterprises, now Walt Disney Imagineering.
Booth had to incorporate such diverse features as a large production floor with a high center overhead hoist to lift steam engines, antique vehicles, ride systems and vehicles, monorail trains and heavy animated props. He also had to support research and development, electronic system design, model making, plastics production, hydraulic and pneumatic assembly, animation assembly areas, and welding and track bending, as well as attendant administrative offices, mechanical and electrical engineering offices, and a huge drafting room—it all had to fit in one building.
For the next 20 years Bob played a major role in all phases of manufacturing for Disney Parks around the world. "Bob was Broggie's main man on the shop floor, leading all the production departments at MAPO," Gurr once said. "He was a good instructor, and was able to organize manufacturing teams to support each other," Verity once recalled.
Bob retired in 1985, "with the appropriate amount of celebration to recognize his outstanding contribution to The Walt Disney Company," Ferrante later said with a smile. Roger Broggie even presented a plaque to Bob, nicknaming him "MAPO ONE."
"Bob was always the 'quiet' one Roger looked to for getting everything done," Orlando recalled fondly. "He always got the job done."
"Artists and designers get a lot of attention in creating Disney Parks," Disney Legend and former Imagineering ambassador Marty Sklar said. "The similarly innovative, creative, and fascinating work of our manufacturing and production entities—and the work of steadfast guys like Bob Booth—often gets lost to the limelight. But without them, the dreams of the designers would never see the light of practical application."
Bob passed away on April 5, 2009.
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Alice Estes Davis (1929–2022)
Imagineering • 2004
At Walt Disney Imagineering (WDI), Alice Estes Davis was the original "designing woman." Married to Disney Legend Marc Davis, she enjoyed a fashionable Disney career of her own, designing and dressing animated figures for such beloved Disneyland attractions as it's a small world and Pirates of the Caribbean. As Alice recalled with a gleam in her eye, "I went from sweet little children to dirty old men over night."
Born in Escalon, California, in 1929, she received a scholarship to attend Chouinard Art Institute, the renowned training ground for Disney artists, from the Long Beach Art Association in 1947. There, she met future husband, Marc, who served as an instructor at Chouinard for more than 17 years.
Alice launched her career designing women's lingerie and undergarments for the Beverly Vogue & Lingerie House in Los Angeles and was quickly promoted to head designer. As her career progressed, she designed two lines of fashion lingerie and earned a reputation as an expert pattern maker and authority on uses of fabrics.
One day, she received a call from her former art instructor and future husband, Marc. He needed a costume designed and created for Helene Stanley to wear for some live-action reference footage being filmed to inspire his animation of the lead character Briar Rose in Sleeping Beauty.
Alice recalled, "Marc wanted to see how the skirt worked in live dance steps, and that was my first job at Disney." That job led Alice to design costumes for Disney's live-action motion picture Toby Tyler.
In 1963, Walt Disney recruited Alice to contribute her skill to the attraction it's a small world for the 1964-65 New York World's Fair. Collaborating with art designer and Disney Legend Mary Blair, Alice researched, designed, and supervised the creation of more than 150 highly detailed costumes for the Audio-Animatronics® children of the world.
During this time, Alice also formulated costuming procedures, set up a manufacturing base, and developed quality control refurbishing techniques, which established the standards for three-dimensional characters in rides and shows created by WDI.
In 1965, she translated the pirates' attire from Marc's original drawings of the shiver-me-timbers cast and crew into clothing designs and patterns for all of the costumes featured in Pirates of the Caribbean. Two years later, when the attraction opened at Disneyland, guests were dazzled by the animated figures and their colorful, textured pirate-wear. Later, Alice contributed to General Electric's Carousel of Progress and the Flight to the Moon attractions.
Married in June 1956, Alice and Marc enjoyed a Disney fairy-tale-romance-come-true for 44 years until Marc's death in 2000. Alice has continued to consult for the Company, and remains a frequent face at Disneyland events. She was honored with a window on Main Street, U.S.A. at Disneyland—next to her husband's window—on May 10, 2012.
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Jack Lindquist (1927–2016)
Attractions • 1994
Jack Lindquist was hired by Walt Disney as Disneyland's first advertising manager, and eventually played a key role in making the Park a world-famous tourist attraction. From marketing the original "E tickets" to lobbying for Disneyland's millennial expansion, Jack was involved in nearly every aspect of the theme park.
Known for his relatively hands-off management style, Jack was among the most beloved of Park executives. As Disneyland's former executive vice president Ron Dominquez once said, "Jack is Jack, no matter where he is or what he is doing. He respects people. He goes out of his way not to be set up on a pedestal."
Born in Chicago on March 15, 1927, Jack's family moved to Los Angeles when he was four. A child actor, he appeared as an extra in episodes of the Our Gang series, and, later, danced in the Lucille Ball film Best Foot Forward. After graduating from Hollywood High School, Jack spent two years in the U.S. Air Force and then completed his education at the University of Southern California.
In 1955, while working for a Los Angeles advertising firm, Jack acted as a consultant to one of Disneyland's original corporate participants. During a meeting at the Park prior to its opening, Jack "fell in love with the place." One month later, he was working there.
Jack took his first step up the Disneyland corporate ladder in 1965, when he became director of marketing. He later set the course for marketing Walt Disney World and, in 1972, was named vice president of marketing for Disneyland and Walt Disney World. Four years later, he was named vice president of marketing for Walt Disney Attractions; in 1982, he was again promoted to executive vice president of marketing and entertainment for all of the Company's outdoor recreation activities.
Jack went on to set up the Marketing Division for Tokyo Disneyland, and as executive vice president of creative marketing concepts for Walt Disney Attractions he developed promotional and entertainment ideas for Disneyland, Walt Disney World, Tokyo Disneyland and Disneyland Paris. In 1990, Jack was named president of Disneyland, a position he called "the best job in the world!"
During his 38 years with the company, he spearheaded myriad Disney projects, including Walt Disney's Magic Kingdom Club, Disney Dollars, the Disneyland Pigskin Classic, the Ambassador Program, and Grad Nites. He also lobbied for expansion of Disneyland, and the development of a second theme park for Disneyland Resort.
Jack Lindquist retired on Mickey Mouse's 65th birthday, November 18, 1993. A month later, he was honored with a window on Main Street, which reads, "J.B. Lindquist, Honorary Mayor of Disneyland." Jack published his memoir, In Service to the Mouse, in 2010.
Jack passed away on February 28, 2016, at the age of 88.
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Jack Wagner (1925–1995)
Parks & Resorts • 2005
For more than two decades, Jack Wagner's cheerful, friendly tone vocally captured the Disney spirit, making announcements at the Disney Parks, in touring ice and arena shows, and doing voice-over for television programs, commercials, and audio-visual presentations.
Born December 17, 1925, Jack's French-born parents were both musicians; his late older brother, Roger, was director of the world famous Roger Wagner Chorale. Jack began his own performing career at age four, dubbing American-made movies into French for foreign release. As a teenager, he was an MGM contract player, and in the 1950s he made appearances on the classic TV program The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet. He was also featured on The Ann Sothern ShowSea HuntDragnet, and other popular series of the decade. Los Angeles' top-ranked radio personality, Jack also had an interview show, Hollywood on a Silver Platter, that was syndicated to more than 1,200 radio stations worldwide.
Jack's association with Disneyland began in 1955 when he was invited to attend opening day. In the ensuing years, he did guest announcing and narration for Christmas parades and other special programs, coming on board full time as production consultant in 1970, and shortly thereafter being named park announcer as well. "From there, it just kind of snowballed," he recalled.
It has been said that no other man's voice has been heard over so many loudspeakers by so many people. Jack also produced music and sound for many of the parades and live shows at both Disneyland and Walt Disney World, provided background music for the themed lands in those Parks and Tokyo Disneyland, and produced record albums featuring Park talent.
Jack's recording for Disney was done at his own studio, two miles from Disneyland, in rooms filled with sophisticated audio and video equipment and walls lined with memorabilia: Theme Park opening day tickets, a golden spike commemorating the Big Thunder Mountain Railroad opening, posters, badges, clocks, and plaques of appreciation for his years of service.
Although vocal cord surgery forced his retirement in 1991, he continued to make short announcements for Disneyland.
Jack Wagner passed away on June 16, 1995.
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Bill Martin (1917–2010)
Imagineering • 1994
In 1953, while working at 20th Century Fox, Wilson E. "Bill" Martin received a surprise phone call: Walt Disney was seeking help to create his new theme park, Disneyland. Eager to expand his talent as an art director and set designer, Bill readily accepted the challenge. He went on to contribute to the designs of many attractions, including Sleeping Beauty CastleSnow White's AdventuresPeter Pan's Flight, and more.
Born in Marshalltown, Iowa, on June 15, 1917, Bill and his family later moved to Los Angeles. In 1937, he graduated from Los Angeles Junior College and continued his studies in architecture at nearby Chouinard Art Institute and the Art Center School of Design.
After school, he landed a job as a set designer for 20th Century Fox. He left the studio during World War II to serve as a captain in the U.S. Air Force, where he trained pilots and bombardiers. Following the war, he worked for Panoramic Productions and eventually returned to Fox as an assistant art director.
When Bill first joined WED Enterprises, now known as Walt Disney Imagineering, he and other newly initiated Imagineers toured amusement parks across the country to fuel ideas for their new creative venture, Disneyland. Using the Studio's animated movies as the inspiration for attractions, they then helped Walt develop his three-dimensional world of fun and fantasy.
When Bill and the small group of Disney designers brainstormed together, Walt never knew what sort of wacky ideas they would devise.
As Bill once recalled with a chuckle, "One of our first ideas for Main Street was a corset shop called 'The Wizard of Bras.' For some reason, Walt didn't like it."
Walt did like Bill's creative genius, however, naming him art director of Fantasyland. Among his contributions included the layout of each Fantasyland attraction, and, later, the Disneyland-Alweg Monorail's course around the Park. He also contributed design elements to Carnation Plaza Gardens, Bear Country, New Orleans Square, Pirates of the CaribbeanAutopia, and Haunted Mansion.
In 1971, Bill was named vice president of design at WED Enterprises, overseeing the master layout of the Magic Kingdom for Walt Disney World in Florida. His design projects included Main Street, U.S.A., Cinderella Castle, the utilidors beneath the Magic Kingdom, and the canal systems which crisscross Walt Disney World's 27,000-acre property. He also designed various watercraft, including the Admiral Joe Fowler and Richard F. Irvine riverboats, steam launches, and side-wheel steamboats.
In 1977, after 24 years with the company, Bill Martin retired. He returned, however, to consult on such projects as the Mexico and Italy Pavilions for Epcot Center and the master layout of Tokyo Disneyland.
Bill Martin passed away on August 2, 2010.
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Yale Gracey (1910–1983)
Animation & Imagineering • 1999
Always interested in devising gadgets and building models, layout artist Yale Gracey's office at The Walt Disney Studios in Burbank was always cluttered with his lunch-hour experiments. One Saturday afternoon, as Walt Disney made his rounds through the deserted offices to see what his staff was working on during the week, he came across one of Yale's mock-ups which featured the illusion of falling snow. Impressed, Walt later asked the gadgeteer to help research and develop attractions for Disneyland.
John Hench, former senior vice president of creative development at Walt Disney Imagineering, once recalled, "Whenever we needed a special effect, we went to Yale. Sometimes it took a while to get what we were asking for; however, along the way he'd develop other marvelous effects we could use. I remember one time we asked him to create a particular illusion and in the process of experimenting he developed a gopher bomb, which we all used in our yards. It worked very well!"
The son of an American consul, Yale was born in Shanghai, China, on September 3, 1910. He attended an English boarding school and, after graduation, moved to the United States. There, he attended the Art Center School of Design in Los Angeles.
In 1939, Yale joined The Walt Disney Studios as a layout artist working on the animated classic Pinocchio. He did the same for Fantasia. He also contributed to the layouts and backgrounds of animated shorts featuring Donald Duck and other characters.
In 1961, Yale began the second and most significant stage of his Disney career as a special effects and lighting artist at Walt Disney Imagineering, then called WED Enterprises. With no special effects training other than his own hands-on experimentation, Yale worked as a research and development designer creating illusions. These included the "grim, grinning ghosts" featured in the Haunted Mansion and the flames of the burning city in Pirates of the Caribbean. He also contributed to the 1964-65 New York World's Fair attractions, including the Carousel of Progress; for that show, he developed a pixie dust projector that blocked out everything on stage during scene changes via the illusion of glimmering pixie dust. The technology is also used in Space Mountain to block out the surrounding roller coaster structure.
After 36 years with the company, Yale retired on October 4, 1975. He continued to consult on special effects and lighting for attractions at Walt Disney World and Epcot Center, including the breathtaking "CenterCore" finale of the World of Motion attraction.
Yale Gracey passed away in Los Angeles, California, on September 5, 1983.
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Collin Campbell (1926–2011)
Imagineering • 2013
Born November 11, 1926, in St. Charles, Michigan, Collin Campbell was a farm boy who found his way to California. He attended half-day sessions at Glendale's Hoover High School while working on the Disney lot, where he started as a messenger in 1943. In 1944, at the age of 17, he was drafted into the Navy where he would serve for two years. Ironically, he would be assigned into a unit alongside fellow Disney mail clerk and future artist and Disney Legend Walt Peregoy.
Collin returned briefly to the Studio's Traffic Department after he left the service in 1946, but soon resigned to spend four years at the School of Allied Arts in Glendale, California. To put himself through school, he worked at the campus art store and took custom framing jobs.
After five months back at Disney in 1952, where he worked as an apprentice inbetweener for the Animation Department, Collin left again to spend a year in Paris. In November 1953, he returned to the Studio to stay. He began work as an inbetweener, but soon switched to the Layout Department as an apprentice. There, he worked on such projects as Lady and the Tramp (1955), The Truth About Mother Goose (1957), Sleeping Beauty (1959), Donald in Mathmagic Land (1959), Goliath II (1960), and One Hundred and One Dalmatians (1961). Collin also contributed layout and backgrounds for Ward Kimball's groundbreaking "Man in Space" episodes for Walt's Disneyland television program.
His contributions reached beyond animated productions. Working with art director Bruce Bushman, Collin designed many of the iconic sets for the Mickey Mouse Club (1955) including the Mouseketeer Treasure Mine and Dry Gulch, site of the weekly "Talent Roundup." He contributed costume sketches for live-action productions, and did matte and developmental work with artist Peter Ellenshaw for projects like The Light in the Forest (1958) and Darby O'Gill and the Little People (1959).
Collin then started at WED Enterprises (now Walt Disney Imagineering), which was gearing up production on a slate of attractions for the 1964–65 New York World's Fair. It wasn't the first work he'd done for WED, though; as early as 1954 he had helped create paintings of concept art to help sell the park to financiers.
Collin's first full-time assignment was the Enchanted Tiki Room, which he helped develop.
For the World's Fair he sculpted cavemen for Ford's Magic Skyway, built models and sets for It's a Small World, and designed concept art for the Carousel of Progress. With Claude Coats he developed Pirates of the Caribbean at Disneyland; Collin built the model for the attraction's Blue Bayou area and designed its trademark flat-bottomed boats. At the same time he helped design the fabled Club 33, for which he hand-painted a scene of the Mississippi River and Jackson Square on the inside lid of Lillian Disney's harpsichord.
Collin even contributed the spooky illustrations for the beloved "The Story and Song from the Haunted Mansion" album book (1969), which became a favorite keepsake for generations of Disneyland fans.
For Walt Disney World in Florida, Collin developed much of the overall feel for the resort and Magic Kingdom Park. He created concept art for the resort hotels, the Fort Wilderness Railroad, and unbuilt concepts for Treasure Island. He also served as field art director on Tom Sawyer Island, and designed the unique entrance and queue for Florida's Pirates of the Caribbean attraction.
Later work included renderings and concept art for the Disney-MGM Studios Theme Park (now Disney's Hollywood Studios) and illustrations of a proposed 1920s-era Main Street, U.S.A. for Disneyland Paris. After serving as art director for Disney's Typhoon Lagoon water park, Collin retired in 1990—only to return to supervise a renovation of Tom Sawyer Island at Disneyland.
Collin passed away in Lighthouse Point, Florida, on April 2, 2011.
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Legends on the Lot
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November 5, 2016Burny Mattinson (Animation • 2008)Ruthie Tompson (Animation • 2000)Andreas Deja (Animation • 2015)Glen Keane (Animation • 2013).
November 10, 2016Karen Dotrice (Film & Television • 2004)David Stollery (Film & Television • 2006)Regis Philbin (Television • 2011).
January 19, 2017: Marge Champion (Animation • 2007), Floyd Norman (Animation • 2007)Tony Baxter (Imagineering • 2013).
The Fabled Walt Disney Studios Lot, a carefully designed space of functionally connected structures of terra-cotta, cream, and green set in a sylvan glen of tree-lined walkways and manicured lawns, was carefully designed as the perfect environment for the nurturing of ideas, the unlocking of imaginations. For 77 years, this one-of-a-kind creative utopia is where some of the greatest family entertainment the world has ever seen has been produced—from FantasiaBambi, and Mary Poppins to unforgettable music, iconic television shows, and Disneyland.
The Disney Legends who recently joined us on The Walt Disney Studios lot epitomize the broad range of talents it takes to create the kind of inimitable entertainment that is the hallmark of The Walt Disney Company—a talented dancer and voice actor, unforgettable actors who have delivered iconic performances, one of the greatest television hosts ever, legendary animators, and one of the most-accomplished songwriters in America's songbook.
"'Today, the studio looks a lot smaller than it does in my childhood memories," says Karen Dotrice, beloved the world over for her performances as Jane Banks in Mary Poppins, Mary MacDhui in The Three Lives of Thomasina, and Elizabeth in The Gnome-Mobile. "As a child it seemed huge and insurmountable, except everybody was just so friendly. You always felt like you were part of the family. And that was thanks to Uncle Walt making us feel that way." Actor David Stollery says returning to the Studios lot reminds him of the "many times he met Mr. Disney" and of another special moment. "When I was doing Westward Ho the Wagons!, I got to meet Davy Crockett [Fess Parker]. That was a big thrill."
"These two got started in the business when they were so young." laughs Regis Philbin. "I started in this business when I was what… 85? It's amazing to meet these two again. I was on television; these two were here!"
Animators Burny MattinsonGlen Keane, and Andreas Deja know a thing or three million about animating characters. After all, they've animated such iconic characters as Gaston, Jafar, and Scar (Andreas); Beast, Aladdin, and Tarzan (Glen), and developed stories for many Disney classics, including Beauty and the BeastAladdinThe Lion KingPocahontasMulan, and many more (Burny). "Story is the biggest challenge we always have," Burny says. "Technology will always change, but the importance of story is constant."
"And what makes story work," Glen adds, "are characters. You cant have character animation without the story, but without the character you dont have the story. What [Disney Legend and one of the Nine Old Men] Eric Larson called the 'sincerity of character' has to be there."
"I wish the public could see the storyboards," says Ruthie Tompson, who joined the Studios' Ink & Paint Department in 1927, eventually becoming supervisor of the Scene Planning Department. "When they see the films, they don't see the overall art of animation. If audiences saw the storyboards, they'd see how animators decided which gestures work, which don't. I mean the movies are awesome in themselves but the overall process and art of animation is so amazing."
"Family entertainment has always been the hallmark of Disney," says Floyd Norman, an animator and story artist who worked on such films as One Hundred and One DalmatiansThe Sword in the Stone, and The Jungle Book. "Walt wanted entertainment that the whole family could enjoy. That's why Disneyland is such a huge success. It's not just for kids. Its for everyone. Walt knew that and embraced that. I always kept that in mind when I did my job."
Says former Imagineer Tony Baxter, "My career has centered on the theme parks. Theme parks are physical places and motion pictures are shared experiences, but they both offer the chance for all family members to enjoy a common experience. So the challenge," he adds, "is in finding new ways to make that work in this ever-changing world."
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Regis Philbin (19312020)
Television
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Burny Mattinson (19352023)
Animation
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Ruthie Tompson (19102021)
Animation
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Marge Champion (1919–2020)
Animation
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The PhilharMagic Makers
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September 7, 2016: Richard Sherman (Music • 1990)
The ones of Disney are often cried as making up the Great American Songbook." With that in mind, these Legends have crafted the music of our lives not just for people in America, but around the world. From "Some Day My Prince Will Come," "Once Upon a Dream," and "Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious" to "You've Got a Friend in Me, "Circle of Life," and "Part of Your World," these musical masters have penned hundreds of treasured classics that have become a part of the global jukebox. While their songs have been an integral part of favorite films, beloved theme park attractions, and must-see television series, they have also provided the backdrop for many of our life celebrations: weddings, birthdays, anniversaries, births, and sometimes even passings. The music has endured for generations and will surely delight, move, and enthrall generations to come.
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Richard Sherman (1928–2024)
Music • 1990
Generations of moviegoers and theme park guests have been introduced to the world of Disney through the songs of Richard and Robert Sherman. Whether they know the names behind the songs or not, you'd be hard pressed to find a person alive who hasn't at one time or another hummed one of the Shermans' unforgettable tunes; even today, they remain the quintessential lyrical voice of Walt Disney.
Richard and Robert Sherman are probably best known for their work on Mary Poppins, for which they won two Oscars®: best score, and best song for "Chim Chim Cher-ee." Another of their songs from the film, "Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious," became a pop hit, entering the Billboard Hot 100 in August 1965. "Feed the Birds," a lullaby, became one of Walt Disney's all-time favorite songs.
Robert Sherman recalled, "The point of the song—that it doesn't take much to give a little kindness—was what really registered with Walt."
Born in Manhattan on June 12, 1928, Richard's father was Tin Pan Alley songwriter Al Sherman, who penned such Depression-era songs as "Potatoes Are Cheaper, Tomatoes Are Cheaper, Now's the Time to Fall in Love," which became one of comedian Eddie Cantor's signature tunes.
After his family moved to Beverly Hills, California, Richard attended Beverly Hills High School before majoring in Music at Bard College. Drafted into the United States Army, he served as conductor for the Army band and glee club, from 1953 until 1955.
In 1951, the Sherman brothers' first song, "Gold Can Buy You Anything But Love," was recorded by cowboy crooner Gene Autry and played daily on his radio show. Their big break came in 1958, when Mouseketeer Annette Funicello recorded their song "Tall Paul," which shot up to number seven on the charts and sold 700,000 singles.
The Sherman brothers went on to write a string of top ten hits for Annette, including "Pineapple Princess," until Walt Disney took notice and hired them as staff composers.
Over the years, they contributed to such films as The Parent TrapThe Jungle BookBedknobs and Broomsticks, and the entire Winnie the Pooh series, including Winnie the Pooh and the Blustery Day. They also contributed to television shows, such as Zorro and Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color.
During the Sherman brothers' 13-year career at Disney (1960-73), they received four Academy Award® nominations and a Grammy® award and wrote more than 200 songs for 27 films and two dozen television productions. They also contributed music for a number of theme park attractions, including Disneyland's Enchanted Tiki Room and the iconic song "It's a Small World"—one Richard refers to as "a prayer for peace." Among their last projects before leaving Disney were songs for Epcot Center and Tokyo Disneyland, which included the whimsical "One Little Spark" and the catchy "Meet the World."
In 1992, Disney Records released a retrospective collection of their music, The Sherman Brothers: Disney's Supercalifragilistic Songwriting Team. The brothers returned to the Studio in 1998 to compose music for The Tigger Movie; they also penned their autobiography, Walt's Time: From Before to Beyond. In 2009, a second compilation of Sherman hits, The Sherman Brothers Songbook, was released, and their life stories were told in the documentary film The Boys: The Sherman Brothers' Story.
Richard is a member of the Songwriters Hall of Fame. He was awarded the National Medal of the Arts at the White House in 2008.
About their Disney career, Richard said, "There's a line in Mary Poppins that says, 'A man has dreams of walking with giants to carve his niche in the edifice of time.' At Disney, we walked with giants."
Richard M. Sherman passed away on May 25, 2024, in Beverly Hills, California, at age 95. Bob Iger, CEO of The Walt Disney Company, paid tribute to the legendary songwriter by saying, in part, "Richard Sherman was the embodiment of what it means to be a Disney Legend, creating along with his brother Robert the beloved classics that have become a cherished part of the soundtrack of our lives."
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Robert Sherman (1925–2012)
Music • 1990
Generations of moviegoers and theme park guests have been introduced to the world of Disney through the songs of the Sherman brothers. Whether they know the names behind the songs or not, you'd be hard pressed to find a person alive who hasn't at one time or another hummed one of the Shermans' timeless tunes; even today, they remain the quintessential lyrical voice of Walt Disney.
Richard and Robert Sherman are probably best known for their work on Mary Poppins, for which they won two Oscars®: best score, and best song for "Chim Chim Cher-ee." Another of their songs from the film, "Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious," became a pop hit, entering the Billboard Hot 100 in August 1965. "Feed the Birds," a lullaby, became one of Walt Disney's all-time favorite songs.
Robert Sherman recalled, "The point of the song—that it doesn't take much to give a little kindness—was what really registered with Walt."
Born in Manhattan on December 19, 1925, Robert's father was Tin Pan Alley songwriter Al Sherman, who penned such Depression-era songs as "Potatoes Are Cheaper, Tomatoes Are Cheaper, Now's the Time to Fall in Love," which became one of comedian Eddie Cantor's signature tunes.
After the family moved to Beverly Hills in 1937, Robert attended Beverly Hills High School, where he wrote and produced radio and stage plays. He joined the United States Army in 1943 at the age of 17, and led the first squad of men to liberate the Dachau concentration camp in 1945. Soon thereafter he was shot in the knee and added a Purple Heart to his many decorations; he recuperated in Britain, where he developed a lifelong love of English culture.
Upon his return to the United States, he attended Bard College and obtained degrees in English Literature and Painting in 1949. He would continue to write and paint for the rest of his life.
In 1951, the Sherman brothers' first song, "Gold Can Buy You Anything But Love," was recorded by cowboy crooner Gene Autry and played daily on his radio show. Their big break came in 1958, when Mouseketeer Annette Funicello recorded their song "Tall Paul," which shot up to number seven on the charts and sold 700,000 singles.
The Sherman brothers went on to write a string of top 10 hits for Annette, including "Pineapple Princess," until Walt Disney took notice and hired them as staff composers. Over the years, they contributed to such films as The Parent TrapThe Jungle BookBedknobs and Broomsticks, and the entire Winnie the Pooh series, including Winnie the Pooh and the Blustery Day. They also contributed to television shows, such as Zorro and Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color.
During the Sherman brothers' 13-year career at Disney (1960-73), they received four Academy Award® nominations and a Grammy® award and wrote more than 200 songs for 27 films and two dozen television productions. They also contributed music for a number of theme park attractions, including Disneyland's Enchanted Tiki Room and the iconic song "It's a Small World"—one Richard refers to as "a prayer for peace." Among their last projects before leaving Disney were songs for Epcot Center and Tokyo Disneyland, which included the whimsical "One Little Spark" and the catchy "Meet the World."
In 1992, Disney Records released a retrospective collection of their music, The Sherman Brothers: Disney's Supercalifragilistic Songwriting Team. The brothers returned to the Studio in 1998 to compose music for The Tigger Movie; they also penned their autobiography, Walt's Time: From Before to Beyond. In 2009, a second compilation of Sherman hits, The Sherman Brothers Songbook, was released, and their life stories were told in the documentary film The Boys: The Sherman Brothers' Story.
Robert is a member of the Songwriters Hall of Fame. He was awarded the National Medal of the Arts at the White House in 2008.
About their Disney career, his brother Richard said, "There's a line in Mary Poppins that says, 'A man has dreams of walking with giants to carve his niche in the edifice of time.' At Disney, we walked with giants."
Robert Sherman passed away on March 5, 2012, in London, England. He had moved to London in 2002, and had continued to write, paint, and collaborate with his brother Richard from afar. His son Jeffrey Sherman paid tribute to his father by saying he "wanted to bring happiness to the world and, unquestionably, he succeeded."
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Oliver Wallace (1887–1963)
Music • 2008
"Ollie was a madman," animator and Disney Legend Frank Thomas once observed, "funny, eccentric, noisy, unexpected—and loved by everyone." This combination of traits seems to have fated Oliver Wallace to a varied and unconventional career creating music for The Walt Disney Studios.
Born in London, England on August 6, 1887, Oliver studied widely, in subject and geography: "Under La Gourg of the Chicago School of Music, counterpart and harmony with Bresha in San Francisco, piano with Louis Diamond Professor Cottohn of London, MacDonald Hope of Los Angeles," according to an early Studio biography.
After relocating to Canada from England in 1904, Oliver moved to the United States, becoming a citizen in 1914. He is frequently cited as the first musician to use a pipe organ to accompany motion pictures (in Seattle, Washington in 1910), later becoming house organist for the prestigious Granada Theatre in San Francisco and then Sid Grauman's Rialto Theatre in Los Angeles.
Oliver's work experience gave him a background uniquely suited to the varied and unusual music he created for Disney: "I began acquiring that art when I got my first job playing for vaudeville and single reels in 1906," Oliver recalled in 1954. "Believe me, you had to be snappy with your invention to keep up with the shadows in those early flickers."
"He was primarily an improving musician with a great sense of music, and from his years of playing organ to silent movies he was able to match music to any piece of action,"
Thomas further recalled. "He was caustic, satiric, looked like a little Bantam Rooster, and never let anyone get the best of him."
Oliver also noted that he had an allegorical drama published in book form, as well as numerous poems, and more than two dozen songs and compositions, including the 1918 hit Hindustan. He worked in the Music Departments of Columbia and Universal Studios (his pipe organ prowess can be heard in the Franz Waxman score of the 1935 horror classic The Bride of Frankenstein) before coming to Disney in 1936.
In his years with Disney, Oliver proudly estimated that he had written more than 30 miles of soundtrack. He was musical director for the Academy Award®-winning score for Dumbo, as well as for CinderellaAlice in WonderlandPeter Pan, and Lady and the Tramp.
Animation music historian Ross Care also noted of Oliver's prolific short cartoon music, "His scores for the Donald Duck and Mickey Mouse shorts… collectively provide a virtual, though still largely unread, textbook in animation scoring."
Oliver contributed music to a number of notable songs, including "When I See an Elephant Fly," "Pink Elephants on Parade," and "Der Fuehrer's Face," for which he also wrote the lyrics. He scored entries in the award-winning People and Places and True-Life Adventures series and the Disneyland television program, for which he was Emmy®-nominated in 1957.
Wallace's feature film scores included Darby O'Gill and the Little PeopleTen Who Dared, and The Incredible Journey; he accrued five Academy Award nominations during his career.
He was married to Claire Burch Wallace, a musician herself, and formerly of the University of Washington's music faculty. The couple had two daughters, Martha and Mary. Wallace was working at Disney until his death on September 15, 1963.
"He was a genius," Frank Thomas said, "and responsible for so many unique musical moments in our pictures."
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Irwin Kostal (1911–1994)
Music • 2004
Award-winning conductor and orchestrator Irwin Kostal brought his innate musical genius to such Disney classic motion pictures as Mary PoppinsBedknobs and Broomsticks, and Pete's Dragon. He received Oscar® nominations in the category of Best Music, Original Song Score and Adaptation for all three films.
Quick to speak his mind, often layered within a joke, Irwin demonstrated a high standard in preserving the artistry and integrity of music. In 1982, while conducting the re-recording of music for Fantasia, originally conducted by Leopold Stokowski, Irwin quipped, "I'm not just wearing Stokowski's straitjacket, I'm also wearing Mickey Mouse's."
Further surveying this musical charge, Irwin revealed his fine ear for high standard when he added, "Believe it or not, we do have the liberty of changing details, even orchestration, here and there. We also can play a little with the beat, making stresses coincide even more accurately with what we see on the screen."
Born October 1, 1911, in Chicago, Illinois, Irwin discovered music as a boy, learning to play the piano.
He passed on college, saying, "I found out early what I wanted to do wasn't being taught in most schools," and he subsequently learned musical arranging at his local library, where he studied the symphonic scores of composers such as Beethoven and Debussy.
After landing his first professional gig as a staff arranger for Design for Listening, a Chicago-based NBC radio show, he moved to New York where he was tapped to arrange for Sid Caesar's television series Your Show of Shows and went on to conduct for The Gary Moore Show. Later he received Emmy® Award nominations for his work on The Julie Andrews Show" and Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde starring Kirk Douglas.
During the 1960s, he emerged as one of Broadway's preeminent musical orchestrators. His work for the original stage versions of West Side Story and A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum eventually led him to Hollywood and Mary Poppins.
His motion picture peers soon honored Irwin with two Academy Awards for orchestrating and supervising the Leonard Bernstein score for West Side Story, followed by orchestrating and conducting Richard Rodgers' The Sound of Music.
Among Irwin's other notable film contributions are Chitty Chitty Bang Bang and Charlotte's Web, both of which reunited him with fellow Disney Legends and songwriters Richard and Robert Sherman. In 1983, Irwin returned to Walt Disney Studios to compose and conduct for the beloved holiday short Mickey's Christmas Carol.
Irwin Kostal passed away on November 23, 1994, in Studio City, California, while serving as president of the American Society of Music Arrangers and Composers.
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George Bruns (1914–1983)
Music • 2001
George Bruns burst onto Disney's musical scene in 1953 when he was personally hired by Walt Disney to score the animated feature Sleeping Beauty. At the same time, Walt asked the newly-hired composer and conductor to "make up a little something" for a three-part television series that was later edited into the hit feature Davy Crockett: King of the Wild Frontier.
Soon, George's catchy "The Ballad of Davy Crockett" was on the lips of young and old alike. The down-home ditty soared to the top of the Hit Parade for six months and sold more than eight million records; meanwhile, the music he developed for Sleeping Beauty received an Academy Award® nomination. It was the first of three he received during his 22-year career with The Walt Disney Studios.
Born in Sandy, Oregon, on July 3, 1914, George began piano lessons at six. He mastered the tuba and trombone by high school, and later added another 12 instruments to his mind-boggling repertoire. In 1934, he cut short his engineering education at Oregon State to play with popular bands of the day, including Jack Teagarden's, and later worked as a musical director and conductor of live bands at radio stations in Portland, including KOIN and KEX.
George moved to Los Angeles, California, in 1950, where he began arranging and conducting for Capitol Records and UPA Studios. He also played with bands, including that of Tennessee Ernie Ford.
Three years later he landed at Disney, where he contributed to such hit films as The Absent-Minded ProfessorOne Hundred and One DalmatiansThe Jungle BookRobin HoodThe Love Bug, and more.
George received additional Oscar® nods for his work on Disney's first live-action musical Babes in Toyland, based on the Victor Herbert operetta, followed by the 1963 animated feature The Sword in the Stone.
Beginning in the 1950s, George also contributed to Disney's pioneering television series DisneylandMickey Mouse Club, and Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color, while his theme song for the popular Zorro series sold another one million records. In all, he contributed to more than 200 motion pictures, television shows, and more.
As legendary animators Frank Thomas and Ollie Johnston recalled in their book Disney Animation: The Illusion of Life, "George Bruns worked equally well in either medium, writing 'Davy Crockett' for the live TV show at the same time he was adapting Tchaikovsky's ballet score for Sleeping Beauty to our animated version of the classic fairy tale. George was big and easy-going, but he worked very hard and produced a seemingly endless string of fresh melodies and haunting scores."
In 1975, George retired from The Walt Disney Studios, returning to his Oregon hometown where he continued conducting and playing in bands, composing and arranging music, as well as teaching at nearby Lewis and Clark College.
George Bruns passed away on May 23, 1983, in Portland, Oregon.
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Buddy Baker (1918–2002)
Music • 1998
One of Disney's most prolific music men, Buddy Baker composed more than 200 scores for Disney motion pictures, television, and theme parks. Among his vast contributions, the multi-talented artist scored the live-action movie Napoleon and Samantha, which garnered the Studio an Academy Award® nomination for Best Original Dramatic Score in 1973, television's Mickey Mouse Club," and the Haunted Mansion attraction at Disneyland.
Buddy later recalled what it was like working with Walt Disney:
"During the 28 years I worked at the Studio," he said, "Walt never came to a recording. He had confidence in me and in everybody else. He trusted his people. He also knew what kind of music worked—not the notes, the kind."
Born Norman Baker on January 4, 1918, in Springfield, Missouri, Buddy studied music at Southwest Baptist University, where he earned his doctorate. He began his career in the late 1930s, playing trumpet with such bandleaders as Harry James, Kay Kyser, and Stan Kenton, and composed music for television programs including The Jack Benny Show.
In 1954, Disney staff composer George Bruns brought him on board to help with the Davy Crockett series. From there, Buddy went on to score more than 50 films, including Toby TylerThe Gnome-Mobile, and The Fox and the Hound. He also scored such animated featurettes as the Oscar®-winning Donald in Mathmagic Land and the original three Winnie the Pooh films.
As the Studio ventured into television, Buddy contributed to such series as Walt Disney Presents and Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color. He then moved into the theme park arena, beginning with the 1964-65 New York World's Fair, scoring Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln and the Carousel of Progress. Buddy later wrote "Grim Grinning Ghosts" with fellow Legend X Atencio for the Haunted Mansion.
As musical director for Epcot Center, Buddy supervised and composed music for the Future World pavilions and World Showcase. Among the attractions he scored were Universe of Energy, the American Adventure, and Impressions de France, for which he wove a tapestry of original music and classical works by French composers such as Debussy, Ravel, and Satie. The digital score, which was recorded in London, featured Buddy conducting a 100-piece philharmonic orchestra.
In 1983, Buddy retired as the last staff composer at a major Hollywood studio. He went on to direct the University of Southern California film scoring program, widely considered the best in the nation. Buddy even continued to score Disney theme park attractions, including Innoventions at Disneyland, The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh attraction at Walt Disney World, and Sindbad's Seven Voyages for Tokyo DisneySea.
Buddy Baker passed away on July 26, 2002 in Sherman Oaks, California.
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Frank Churchill (1901–1942)
Music • 2001
Composer Frank Churchill's toe-tapping "Who's Afraid of the Big Bad Wolf?" featured in Disney's 1933 animated short Three Little Pigs, raised the spirits of countless Depression-weary audiences who adopted the song as a resilient national anthem of hope. Shortly after the release of the Academy Award®-winning cartoon, Frank spoke of the song's surprising success when more than 39,000 copies of sheet music sold within three days of publication in New York City alone.
Quoted in Photoplay magazine, Frank said, "It seems to be on every phonograph record … and practically every orchestra in the country is featuring this number."
Inspired by the film's success, Walt Disney entrusted Frank to compose music for his first feature-length animated motion picture Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, along with Disney Legend Leigh Harline. Ultimately, it was the composer's musical genius that helped bridge the Studio's daring transition from animated shorts to features in 1937.
Born October 20, 1901, in Rumford, Maine, Frank moved to Southern California with his family when he was four years old. An instinctive musician, inspired by classical music and composer Franz Schubert, Frank won his first professional job as a pianist at 15 accompanying silent movies at a local theater in Ventura, California.
At his parents' behest, he began pre-med studies at the University of California at Los Angeles, but soon dropped out of school to pursue a career in music. For a time he played piano for honky-tonks in Tijuana, Mexico, followed by an orchestra in Tucson, Arizona. He returned to Hollywood in 1924, and, despite his lack of formal musical education, Frank won a contract as an accompanist and soloist with radio station KNX. He later recorded for RKO Radio Pictures.
In December 1930, Frank joined The Walt Disney Studios where he scored nearly 65 animated shorts, including Mickey's Gala PremiereFunny Little Bunnies, and Who Killed Cock Robin? He also wrote music for the famous sticky flypaper sequence featured in Playful Pluto.
Tall, slender, quiet, and reserved, Frank worked from a mere idea, story sequence, or character to develop such classic Disney songs as "Whistle While You Work," "Heigh-Ho," and "Someday My Prince Will Come" for Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. His work earned an Oscar® nomination for Best Music, Score in 1938.
He was subsequently elevated to supervisor of music and went on to contribute to The Reluctant Dragon, starring humorist Robert Benchley. Frank can even be seen in the film, during the Studio tour sequence. In 1942, he received two Academy Award nominations for his work on Dumbo, including Best Music, Scoring of a Musical Picture and Best Song for "Baby Mine," co-written with fellow Legend Ned Washington. A year later, his work on Bambi, including the ballad "Love Is a Song," co-written with Lyricist Larry Morey, received similar dual nominations.
Frank Churchill passed away on May 14, 1942, in Newhall, California.
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Phil Collins
Music • 2002
With his distinctive percussive style and soulful songwriting, Phil Collins penned songs that added a unique emotional dimension to Disney's animated hit Tarzan, including "You'll Be In My Heart," which won him an Oscar®. And rather than the animated characters singing his music, Phil lent his own throaty, passionate voice to the film's songs, including "Two Worlds," "Son of Man," and "Strangers Like Me," creating a unique experience for Disney moviegoers.
As Phil told People magazine in 1999, "We've broken some molds. The fact that I'm singing and the characters don't burst into song makes it very different."
The youngest of three children, Phil was born in London on January 30, 1951, and grew up a child actor. At 13, he played the Artful Dodger in the London production of Oliver!—the musical version of Charles Dickens' classic tale Oliver Twist. By his late teens Phil entered the music scene, selected from 400 hopefuls as replacement drummer for the British rock band Genesis in 1970. By 1978, the band's album And Then There Were Three had gone gold, and the followup, Duke, was even more successful.
Around that time, Phil began producing solo music. His first single, "In the Air Tonight," quickly rose to number two in the United Kingdom and the top 20 chart in the United States. He went on to release a string of 13 straight U.S. Top 10 hits between 1984 and 1990, including "Sussudio," "Don't Lose My Number," and "Another Day in Paradise."
Phil was first nominated for an Oscar in 1985, for his song "Take a Look at Me Now," which he wrote and performed for the motion picture Against All Odds. In 1991, he released the album Face Value, which became a bigger hit than any of the Genesis albums on which he performed. After 25 years, Phil left the band in 1996 to focus on his solo career. His other albums include Hello, I Must Be GoingNo Jacket RequiredDance Into the Light, and more.
Along the way, Phil also continued acting, appearing in HBO's And The Band Played On, a film about AIDS, and Buster, which he both starred in and provided music for.
In 1999 he provided songs for Disney's Tarzan. Composer Mark Mancina, who worked with Phil on the film, observed:
"There's something very sincere about Phil's voice… His voice has a tendency to wrap itself around you and bring you into his world. As soon as he starts singing, it's just magic and provides a very welcoming feeling."
Phil translated that feeling into other languages, as well, when he recorded the Tarzan soundtrack in German, Italian, French, and two dialects of Spanish (Latin American and Castilian), an unprecedented feat by a musical artist for a motion picture. His single from the film, "You'll Be in My Heart," spent 19 weeks at No. 1 on Billboard's Adult Contemporary chart.
Phil went on to voice a character in 2003's The Jungle Book 2, and that same year he teamed once more with composer Mark Mancina on the soundtrack of a Disney animated feature–Brother Bear.
In 2006, Tarzan was adapted into a Broadway musical. Phil was heavily involved with the production, writing a number of new songs and instrumental pieces for the show.
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Leigh Harline (1907–1969)
Music • 2001
Composer Leigh Harline graced Disney with a musical sophistication that was uniquely "Harline-esque," by weaving rich tapestries of mood-setting underscores and penning memorable melodies for animated shorts and features. Among his creations were the beloved "When You Wish Upon a Star," which debuted in 1940's Pinocchio; it remains the signature song for The Walt Disney Company today.
As Disney producer and director Wilfred Jackson told writer Ross Care, "[Leigh's songs] seemed like symphonic writing by a good classical composer." He added, Leigh's music "was melodic enough, but his counter melodies, his harmonic structure, all contributed so much more to the final effectiveness of his scores. Leigh could not have conveyed the full feeling of his scores with just two hands and a piano."
Born in Salt Lake City, Utah, on March 26, 1907, Leigh was one of 13 children. He majored in music at the University of Utah and studied piano and organ with former director of the Mormon Tabernacle Choir J. Spencer Cornwall.
In 1928, he moved to California, working at radio stations in both San Francisco and Los Angeles as a composer, conductor, arranger, instrumentalist, singer, and announcer.
In 1931, he caught the ear of Walt Disney and the rest of the nation when he provided music for the first transcontinental radio broadcast to originate from the West Coast.
Leigh joined Disney in 1932, writing tunes for more than 50 animated shorts, including Silly Symphonies The Old MillMusic Land, and The Pied Piper; the last of these was described by Care as a "cartoon cantata." He added that Leigh's contributions to animated shorts between 1935 and 1938 rank among "some of the finest, most inventive music ever created in Hollywood."
Walt acknowledged Leigh's skill by entrusting him with scoring the Studio's first feature-length animated cartoon Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, along with Disney Legend Frank Churchill. Leigh effectively underscored such dramatic moments as the Queen's transformation into an apple-toting crone, as well as classic Disney songs including "Someday My Prince Will Come." For this, he received his first Oscar® nomination for Best Music and Score.
In 1940, Pinocchio earned Leigh two Academy Awards® for Best Music and Original Score and for Best Song ("When You Wish Upon a Star").
Leigh left Disney the next year to freelance at studios including Columbia, Paramount, and Goldwyn-RKO. During his career, which spanned nearly three decades and garnered eight Oscar nominations in all, Leigh composed and supervised music for motion pictures including The Pride of the Yankees starring Gary Cooper, Johnny Come Lately starring James Cagney, and George Pal's The Wonderful World of the Brothers Grimm, all of which earned the composer additional Oscar nods.
By the early 1960s, Leigh expanded his craft into television, creating music for such popular series as Ben Casey starring Richard Chamberlain and Daniel Boone starring Disney Legend Fess Parker.
Leigh Harline passed away on December 10, 1969, in Long Beach, California.
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Ned Washington (1901–1976)
Music • 2001
In 1939, Ned Washington first inspired dreamers with his evocative lyrics for the song "When You Wish Upon a Star," which he co-wrote with fellow Legend and composer Leigh Harline. The beloved ballad, first introduced by Jiminy Cricket in the animated feature Pinocchio, remains the signature song of The Walt Disney Company today.
Ned was passionate about putting words to music and, subsequently, garnered three Academy Awards®, two of which were for his work on Pinocchio, including Best Song ("When You Wish Upon a Star") and Best Music and Original Score.
As animator and Disney Legend Frank Thomas recalled, during the film's production "Ned would sit facing Walt, knee-to-knee, and while Leigh (Harline) played a song they'd developed on the piano, Ned would slap Walt's knee and say 'Oh, you're gonna' love this…' and 'Oh, listen to this, Walt…" He was very enthusiastic to the point Walt finally said, 'For crying out loud Ned, let me listen to the song!'"
Born August 15, 1901, in Scranton, Pennsylvania, Ned was the only one of nine children who did not study music. Rather, he wrote poems, some of which was published in local newspapers and magazines.
At 21, he moved to New York to break into show business, booking acts in vaudeville theaters and emceeing shows.
He wrote songs in his spare time and, in 1928, famed Broadway producer Earl Carroll used one of Ned's creations in his popular stage revue Vanities. A year later, Warner Brothers hired him to write lyrics for talking pictures; these would include the popular song "Singing in the Bathtub," featured in the all-star flick Show of Shows.
In 1932, bandleader Tommy Dorsey adopted Ned's "I'm Getting Sentimental Over You" as his signature tune and, in 1933, Ned collaborated with crooner Bing Crosby writing lyrics for the love song "A Ghost of a Chance."
Ned arrived at Disney in 1938 and received Oscar® nods for "Baby Mine," featured in Dumbo, and for the title song of Saludos Amigos. Ned also wrote lyrics for "I'm a Happy-Go-Lucky Fellow," featured in the "Mickey and the Beanstalk" sequence of Fun and Fancy Free.
During his 40-plus year career, he wrote music with famed composers including Victor Young ("Stella by Starlight" for The Uninvited in 1944) at studios ranging from Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer to Paramount. Other popular standards by Ned include "Nearness of You" with Hoagy Carmichael, and "Someday I'll Meet You Again" with Max Steiner.
His unique flair for penning motion picture title songs—he wrote 40 in all–led to High Noon, starring Gary Cooper; it earned Ned his third Academy Award. Another them, for The High and the Mighty starring John Wayne, won him another of 12 total Oscar nominations. In between motion pictures he wrote for radio and stage, and, crossing over into early television, created theme songs for such series as Rawhide.
Ned Washington passed away on December 20, 1976, in Beverly Hills, California.
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Tutti Camarata (1913–2005)
Music • 2003
After more than two decades licensing audio recording rights for Disney music to labels such as RCA/Victor, Walt Disney decided to create an in-house label in 1956. Enter music man Tutti Camarata, who helped co-found Disneyland Records, known today as Walt Disney Records. Tutti first began experimenting with the classic Disney animated films, including BambiDumboCinderellaMary Poppins, and more, putting story, music, and dialogue to long-playing vinyl record albums.
He once explained, "This way, you could hear the motion picture rather than see it. It was probably one of the first times that soundtracks had been approached in this way. When starting a new record label, you want an identity and Disney's best identity was its animated classics."
Salvador Tutti Camarata was born on May 11, 1913, in Glen Ridge, New Jersey. He entered Juilliard School of Music in New York at 18, followed by nearby Columbia University.
After his classical music education, Tutti entered the popular music field, playing trumpet and arranging for bands, including the Charlie Barnet and the Jimmy Dorsey Orchestras. He also arranged for and performed with Benny Goodman, Paul Whiteman, Duke Ellington, Ella Fitzgerald, Billie Holiday, Bing Crosby, Rosemary Clooney, and other legends.
In 1946, he moved to England to serve as music supervisor, arranger, and conductor on Arthur Rank's London Town, Britain's first major Technicolor musical. While there, he also formed the Kingston Symphony and co-founded London Records, featuring such British artists as Gracie Fields and Anne Shelton.
In 1950, he returned to the United States to work as music supervisor for Decca Records in New York. Five years later, he conducted the television orchestra for the live broadcast of Together with Music, starring Mary Martin and Noel Coward, followed by The Vic Damone Show in 1956.
At Disney, Tutti supervised recordings of more than 300 Disneyland Records albums, including those featuring Disney stars such as Mouseketeer Annette Funicello, for whom he developed the distinctive "Annette" sound.
He recalled, "Annette felt she couldn't sing. People at Disney said, 'Why don't we dub a voice in.' I said, 'I'd like to try Annette singing.' So I developed a way of recording her voice, creating an echo. The first time she heard it, she was surprised and happy. She began to gain more confidence as a vocalist." During his 16 years with Disney, Tutti also supervised vocals on Disney's 1963 feature Summer Magic, starring Hayley Mills.
The Disneyland Records label soon expanded to include non-Disney artists, such as Louis Armstrong singing Disney Songs: The Satchmo Way. Tutti recalled, "When Louis finished recording, I got a letter from him, thanking me for letting him sing 'When You Wish Upon a Star, Makes No Difference Who You Are…' I almost cried when I saw that."
In 1962, Walt nudged Tutti to develop Sunset Sound in Hollywood, where many Disneyland titles were recorded. Tutti later added to his recording empire when he purchased The Sound Factory, also in Hollywood. The studios have since become legendary recording sites in the music industry.
Later in his career, Tutti developed an album of spiritual hymns, The Power and the Glory, featuring a 100-piece orchestra and a 180-voice adult choir, and wrote a music textbook, Fugue Simplified.
Tutti Camarata passed away on April 13, 2005, in Burbank, California.
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Sir Tim Rice
Music • 2002
Acclaimed lyricist Sir Tim Rice created a "whole new world" of witty, entertaining, and heartfelt songs for Disney animated features, including Aladdin in 1992 and The Lion King in 1994. In addition, he contributed to Disney theatrical productions, including the Tony® award-winning The Lion King in 1997 and Aida in 1998.
Born in Amersham, England, on November 10, 1944, Tim entered the music scene as the lead singer for a pop group called the Aardvarks in 1961.
His first published song, "That's My Story," appeared in 1964, the same year he met Andrew Lloyd Webber. The duo crafted pop songs as well as show tunes, including "It's Easy for You," which was recorded by Elvis Presley.
Tim was best known at the time for his resounding collaborations with Webber; these included such 1970s musical sensations as Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor DreamcoatJesus Christ Superstar, and Evita, which was transformed into the 1996 Touchstone feature by the same name, starring Madonna as the Argentine grand dame. The song "You Must Have Loved Me" from the motion picture Evita resulted in an Academy Award® for the duo in 1997.
In the early 1980s, Tim collaborated with ABBA members Bjorn Ulvaeus and Benny Andersson on Chess. The subsequent 1984 album featured the singles "One Night in Bangkok" and "I Know Him So Well," which topped charts in America, Europe and Asia, while the 1985 stage production became a smash hit in multiple countries. Other theatrical projects included TycoonStarmaniaBlondel, and more.
Tim also collaborated with John Barry on the title song "All Time High" for the James Bond movie Octopussy, and with Freddie Mercury for his album with opera diva Montserrat Caballe. Tim's other distinguished writing mates include Paul McCartney, Cliff Richards, Marvin Hamlisch, and others.
The lyrical wordsmith arrived at Disney in 1991 to work with Alan Menken, writing lyrics for Beauty and the Beast, and later contributed five new songs to the Tony award-winning stage adaptation of that film. He went on to win Oscars® for "A Whole New World," written with Menken for Aladdin, and "Can You Feel the Love Tonight," written with Elton John for The Lion King. Their collaboration continued with the subsequent stage production of that film, followed by Aida. In 1997, Tim reunited with Menken, writing the book and lyrics for the Broadway concert King David.
Knighted by Queen Elizabeth II in 1994, Sir Tim is also a cricket lover and an accomplished author of such books as The Treasures of Lords, about the famous museum at London's Lord's cricket ground.
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Sir Elton John
Music • 2006
The monumental career of singer, songwriter, and performer Sir Elton John has made him one of the top-selling solo artists of all time, with more than 200 million records sold worldwide. Elton has won a wide array of industry awards including Grammys®, Tonys, and an Oscar®, and continues to add to his personal repertoire of 35 gold and 25 platinum albums.
Born Reginald Kenneth Dwight on March 25, 1947 in England, Elton's career as a prolific songwriter and flamboyant performer netted him 30 different hits on the top 40 charts between 1970 and 1982. His theatrical stage appearances, featuring a succession of elaborate costumes and outlandish spectacles, made him a pop megastar. His hit tunes included "Goodbye, Yellow Brick Road," "Your Song," "Bennie and the Jets," and "Rocket Man." All were written with his longtime lyricist, Bernie Taupin.
In the early 1990s, Elton embarked on songwriting collaborations with lyricist Tim Rice, resulting in the soundtrack to the Walt Disney Pictures 1994 animated feature The Lion King. At first, though, Elton wasn't too sure of success: "I sat there with a line of lyrics that began, 'When I was a young warthog,'" John said in 1995, "and I thought, 'Has it come to this?'"
His uneasiness proved unfounded, as the resulting work earned three Academy Award® nominations ("Circle of Life," "Hakuna Matata," and the winner, "Can You Feel the Love Tonight"), and the film's soundtrack album produced two top-selling, award-winning singles for John: "Can You Feel the Love Tonight" and "Circle of Life."
It also introduced Elton to a whole new generation of fans—the children who approach him in public and tell him that they love The Lion King. The lad who grew up loving the score to Disney's The Jungle Book once said, "That's exactly what I wrote it for. I wanted to write melodies that kids would like."
In 1997, The Lion King debuted on Broadway, receiving six Tony Awards, including Best Musical, and, in 1998, a Grammy® for Best Musical Show Album. In March 2000, the Tony Award-winning Aida opened on Broadway and John was honored with another Grammy for the Best Musical Show Album.
Subsequent projects included the smash-hit stage production of Billy Elliot, for which Elton composed the music; it was nominated for a record 9 Olivier Awards, winning Best Musical, among others. Elton's fourth musical, Lestat opened on Broadway on April 25, 2006.
A great humanitarian, Elton's commitment to the fight against AIDS led to the inception of the Elton John AIDS Foundation. It has raised more than $200 million, making the Elton John AIDS Foundation one of the largest public non-profit organizations in the AIDS arena.
In December of 2004, Elton received the Kennedy Center Honor for his lifetime contributions to American culture and excellence through the performing arts. In 1998, he was knighted by the Queen of England, who honored him with the title Sir Elton John, CBE.
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Howard Ashman (1950–1991)
Music • 2001
Producer and lyricist Howard Ashman made a huge splash in the world of Disney animation in 1989 with The Little Mermaid, which he co-produced with John Musker. His song "Under the Sea," co-written with composer Alan Menken, won an Oscar® that year for Best Song. In the infectious Calypso-flavored piece, Sebastian the Crab advises lovelorn mermaid Ariel to stay home because the seaweed isn't necessarily greener "in somebody else's lake."
"Howard's lyrics," as Menken later recalled, "would wink at the adults and say something to the kids at exactly the same time."
Born in Baltimore, Maryland, on May 17, 1950, the successful lyricist, librettist, playwright, and director received his MFA from Indiana University. In 1974, he moved to New York and became an editor at Grosset & Dunlap, while writing plays including Dreamstuff, a musical version of Shakespeare's The Tempest, which marked the beginning of his association with the off-off-Broadway WPA Theatre in 1977. While at Grosset & Dunlap, he also compiled The New Mickey Mouse Club Book for Disney .
Two years later, Howard teamed with Menken for the first time, creating a musical version of Kurt Vonnegut's God Bless You, Mr. Rosewater. They went on to write the musical version of Roger Corman's 1960 cult film Little Shop of Horrors and won critical raves and awards including the New York Drama Critics Circle Award for Best Musical of 1982-83. The offbeat show was transformed into a motion picture by Frank Oz in 1986, subsequently winning the musical duo their first Academy Award® nominations.
That same year, Howard penned the wistful ballad "Disneyland" for the Broadway production of Smile, written with Marvin Hamlisch, depicting utopia as a Disney theme park. He soon after signed a contract with The Walt Disney Company to write lyrics and dialogue for its animated features.
Whether Howard envisioned a hip genie performing the Oscar®-nominated "Friend Like Me" with Cab Calloway flamboyance in Aladdin, or an anthropomorphic candlestick oozing with Maurice Chevalier charm while singing the Oscar-nominated "Be Our Guest" in Beauty and the Beast, he imbued Disney characters with his own sense of emotional realism.
Howard Ashman passed away in New York City on March 14, 1991, prior to the release of Beauty and the Beast. That film, which he executive produced, was the first animated movie ever nominated for an Academy Award for Best Motion Picture. Its title song won the songwriters yet another Oscar. Upon its release, the film was dedicated to Howard, "who gave a mermaid her voice and a beast his soul." Howard earned a posthumous Oscar nomination in 1993 for "Friend Like Me," which he had co-written for Aladdin prior to his death.
In 1994, Beauty and the Beast moved to the New York stage; when it closed in 2007 after 5,464 performances, it had become the 8th longest-running musical in Broadway history. The production featured "Human Again," a chorus number by Howard and Menken that was storyboarded for the animated motion picture but never completed. The nearly 10-minute sequence was later animated and added to Beauty and the Beast for an IMAX re-release on January 1, 2002.
The 2009 documentary Waking Sleeping Beauty, which tells of the animation renaissance that Howard helped usher in at The Walt Disney Studios, is dedicated in part to his memory.
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Alan Menken
Music • 2001
Among Disney's most prolific composers, eight-time Academy Award® winner Alan Menken writes from his soul. Whether it be "A Whole New World," co-written with Tim Rice for Aladdin, or "Colors of the Wind," co-written with Stephen Schwartz for Pocahontas, Alan's songs speak directly to the hearts of Disney fans and music lovers alike.
He once explained, "Songs are a very familiar vocabulary to people and I've always believed that you should be able to understand not only the feeling, but the content of the song, by just hearing the music and not even the lyrics. What you're trying to say should be that clear."
Born July 22, 1949, and raised in New Rochelle, New York, Alan was more interested in creating his own tunes as a child than practicing the songs assigned to him by his piano and violin teachers. He later enrolled at New York University as a pre-med student, but ultimately graduated with a degree in music in 1971.
Soon after, Alan joined a theater workshop run by Broadway conductor Lehman Engel, where he met fellow Legend Howard Ashman. In 1987, after the success of their second collaboration, a campy adaptation of Roger Corman's 1960 cult film Little Shop of Horrors, he and Ashman joined Disney to write songs for The Little Mermaid. The film won Alan his first two Oscars® for Best Song, "Under the Sea," and Best Music, Original Score. Three years later, his contributions to Beauty and the Beast earned him two more Academy Awards for the film's title song, as well as Best Music, Original Score.
The musical team was working on Aladdin at the time of Ashman's untimely death in 1991. Subsequently, Alan went on to collaborate with lyricist Tim Rice on the Oscar-winning "A Whole New World" and took home an additional Academy Award for the film's original score. In 1996, Alan won his seventh and eighth Oscars for Disney's Pocahontas in the categories of Best Music, Song ("Colors of the Wind") and Best Music, Original Musical or Comedy Score.
Alan went on to earn additional Oscar nominations for his work on Disney's The Hunchback of Notre DameHerculesEnchanted, and Tangled. Other works include scores for the 2004 animated feature Home on the Range and the 2006 live-action comedy The Shaggy Dog. He also scored the 1992 Disney live-action musical Newsies, followed by Hollywood Pictures' Life with Mikey, starring Michael J. Fox. His small screen contributions include direct-to-video films, including The Little Mermaid II: Return to the Sea.
In 1994, Alan helped translate Beauty and the Beast to the Broadway stage; by the time the show closed in 2007 it had become the eighth-longest-running musical in Broadway history. In 1997, he and Rice wrote music for Disney's stage production King David. Other Disney stage works include an adaptation of The Hunchback of Notre Dame, which premiered in Germany in 1999; the Tony®-nominated The Little Mermaid, which came to Broadway in 2008; and the Tony-winning film adaptation Newsies The Musical, which debuted on Broadway in 2012. He provided music for the Tony-nominated Sister Act, based on the 1992 Touchstone film. Alan has also developed a stage adaptation of the 1992 animated hit, Aladdin.
Several of the Disney theme parks feature shows and attractions based on animated classics which include Alan's songs. For Tokyo DisneySea he wrote an original song, "Compass of Your Heart," for Sindbad's Storybook Voyage, as well as an unproduced stage musical based on the story of The Snow Queen.
Outside Disney, Alan has contributed to a variety of esteemed projects including the original score for the 1992 television documentary Lincoln, as well as the Rocky V song titled "The Measure of a Man." Among Alan's non-Disney stage work are the original score for the off-Broadway Weird Romance in 1992 and A Christmas Carol in 1994.
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Randy Newman
Music • 2007
"I have a great interest in animation and found computer graphics fascinating," Randy Newman said in 1995. "I've always admired Carl Stalling and the other composers who specialized in music for cartoons, and I wanted to do one myself."
That "one," Toy Story, led to scores and songs for James and the Giant PeachA Bug's LifeToy Story 2Monsters, Inc.CarsThe Princess and the FrogToy Story 3, and Monsters University.
And, amusingly and surprisingly to many longtime fans, the cutting social critic and brilliant curmudgeon Randy Newman has found himself a beloved Disney entertainer.
Perhaps it's no surprise that at 17 Randy was already a professional songwriter, knocking out tunes for a Los Angeles publishing house, since he was born on November 28, 1943 into a famously musical family. His uncles Alfred, Lionel, and Emil were all well-respected film composers and conductors. Even Randy's father Irving Newman, a prominent physician, wrote a song for Bing Crosby.
In 1968, Randy made his debut with the orchestral recording Randy Newman, and before long, his extraordinary and eclectic compositions were being recorded by an unusually wide range of artists, from Pat Boone to Ray Charles, Peggy Lee to Wilson Pickett.
Critics rightly raved about his 1970 sophomore effort 12 Songs, and increasingly the public started to take notice with albums like 1970's Live, and even more so with the 1972 classic Sail Away and the brilliant and controversial 1974 release, Good Old Boys. With the 1977 release of Top Ten Little Criminals, Randy experienced a huge left-field smash in the unlikely form of "Short People."
In the 1980s, Randy was dividing his time between film composing and recording his own albums. In 1981, he released his exquisite score for Ragtime, earning him his first two of 20 Oscar® nominations for Best Score and Best Song. 1983 saw the release of "Trouble in Paradise," while the next year saw the release of his Grammy®-winning, Oscar-nominated and now-iconic score for The Natural.
Following some more film work, Randy finally got around to recording another studio album, 1988's Land of Dreams, another break-through work marked by some of his most personal and powerful work yet.
As for Toy Story, "I took a look at some of the storyboards and animation tests they had done, and I was just amazed by the way it looked, and I liked the idea of the story," Randy said of his attraction to the film. "I absolutely loved the people involved with the project."
Randy managed to play to the adult audience as well with his darkly hilarious take on Faust, the 1995 recording of which included performances by Don Henley, Elton John, Bonnie Raitt, Linda Ronstadt, and James Taylor.
In 1998, Randy put out an impressive compilation, Guilty: 30 Years of Randy Newman and a new 1999 album for DreamWorks, Bad Love. In 2002, Randy finally won his first Oscar for "If I Didn't Have You" from Monsters, Inc.; he would bring home his second in 2011 for "We Belong Together" from Toy Story 3.
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Paul J. Smith (1906–1985)
Music • 1994
When composer Paul Smith arrived at The Walt Disney Studios in 1934, he was "fresh out of university and full of musical ideas," according to animators Frank Thomas and Ollie Johnston in their book Disney Animation: The Illusion of Life.
The musical genius, who wrote scores for nearly 70 animated shorts and received an Oscar® with Leigh Harline and Ned Washington for the music in Pinocchio, later wrote background music for nearly every Disney True-Life Adventure, applying techniques he had learned while writing music for cartoons. As Thomas and Johnston recalled, "Paul's adaptation of cartoon techniques in the scores for the True-Life Adventures added immeasurably to that series of live-action films."
Born to a musical family in Calumet, Michigan, on October 30, 1906, Paul was raised in Caldwell, Idaho, where his father taught music at the College of Idaho.
Paul's father, Joseph, began teaching his prodigy son to play a variety of musical instruments beginning with the piano at age four, followed by the violin at age seven.
The youngster also played the trumpet and viola, and, by age 12, played the bass drum for the town band. Gifted with perfect pitch, Paul's experience helped him gain a more practical knowledge of the orchestra and he went on to conduct in high school.
In 1925, Paul enrolled in the Bush Conservatory of Music in Chicago, where he received the Juilliard Scholarship in theory. After graduation, he went on to teach brass instruments at Elmhurst College and at York High School for two years. In 1932, he moved to Los Angeles to attend UCLA, where he majored in English and wrote four musical comedies.
From UCLA, he joined The Walt Disney Studios as a pioneer in motion picture music. Versatile, prolific, and, like Walt, always bent towards exploration, Paul readily pushed the envelope in musical composition. As a result, he won eight Oscar nominations for such classic films as Snow White and the Seven DwarfsCinderellaSong of the SouthSaludos Amigos, and The Three Caballeros.
During the 1950s, he wrote symphonic scores for most of the critically acclaimed True-Life Adventures films, including Beaver ValleyNature's Half AcreThe Olympic ElkThe Living DesertThe Vanishing PrairieThe African LionSecrets of Life, and Perri. He also recorded an album called True-Life Adventures, which was a compilation of his scores.
After three successful decades with The Walt Disney Studios, Paul retired in 1962. He passed away on January 25, 1985, in Glendale, California.
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Jimmy Johnson
Music • 2006
Jimmy Johnson devoted his entire career to the Disney organization and profoundly influenced the Disney approach to both publishing and consumer audio recordings. It is an influence felt by generations of kids who know "it's time to turn the page when Tinker Bell rings her little bells, like this," on vinyl discs where you "SEE the pictures, HEAR the record, READ the book."
"It was Jimmy's dedication and drive that really created the Walt Disney Records we know today," songwriter and Disney Legend Richard M. Sherman once said. "Tutti Camarata's creative vision combined with Jimmy's ingenious ideas about marketing and how to utilize the Disney catalog really made the Disney record label a one-of-a-kind success story."
James Alexander Johnson, Jr. joined The Walt Disney Studios fresh out of journalism school as an assistant in the Publicity Department in September of 1938. He was excited by the creative environment at Disney and thrilled by its bright future.
"Publicity had a management change, and Johnson faced termination," it is reported in the book, Mouse Tracks: The Story of Walt Disney Records, "but he had been bitten by the Disney bug and searched for any job that would enable him to stay with the Company."
Johnson wound up in Traffic, delivering mail on the Studio lot to destinations including the Animation Story Department, where he had hoped to end up. Instead, he was inexplicably transferred to Accounting, and shortly after was drafted into the Army. Upon his return from service, Jimmy returned to the Studio as assistant to the corporate secretary, a position to which he was elected in December 1950.
Roy O. Disney split Disney publications and merchandising that year, and asked Johnson to head the new publishing unit, as well as business affairs for the new Walt Disney Music Company, which Fred Raphael had established late in 1949. Jimmy handled the Disney Publications division worldwide until 1962, and was the editor of the Walt Disney magazine from 1956 through 1958.
Realizing that competing with the established Hollywood music concerns was both foolish and unnecessary, Johnson had a vision for the Music Company that focused on its core business—Disney stories, characters, and properties. He also shared Walt and Roy's growing desire for ownership and control of the creative and business assets of the division, realizing that strict supervision of those areas was vital to both the maintenance and growth of the Disney name and reputation. Jimmy helped turn the Music Company profitable in 1954. Also in 1954, Jimmy was impressed by a composer and performer who submitted 'The Pencil Song" for a proposed Disneyland TV episode. He was so pleased with the tune and its writer, Johnson brought future Disney Legend Jimmie Dodd on staff.
Jimmy became general manager of the Walt Disney Music Company in December 1958, and played a key role in the evolution of all Walt Disney music and record activities. He was vital in the establishment of the Buena Vista and Disneyland record labels, the Wonderland Music Company (BMI), and all related music publishing activities. He served as president of the Walt Disney Music Company from September 1970 until his retirement in March of 1975.
Jimmy Johnson passed away in January 1976.
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Danny Elfman
Film & Music • 2015
Daniel Elfman grew up immersed in movie music.
"I could listen to the scores of Max Steiner, Franz Waxman, and Erich Korngold and identify them. I was really proud."
"I could hear something and go, 'That's definitely Max Steiner,' and Nino Rota was huge. I loved playing the game of tuning into a movie on television, trying to guess who the composer was, then seeing if I was right. I was definitely a film music nerd—but it never occurred to me to actually do it."
As a young man, Danny roamed France and across Africa absorbing local musical trends—largely unaware of his own talent for composing. It wasn't until the early 1970s that Danny and his older brother Richard Elfman started a musical troupe in Paris; the group "The Mystic Knights of Oingo Boingo" was created for Richard's 1980 directorial debut, Forbidden Zone (now considered a cult classic by Elfman fans). The group's name went through many incarnations before eventually becoming just Oingo Boingo.
In 1985, director Tim Burton, a fan of Oingo Boingo, asked Danny to provide the musical score for Pee-wee's Big Adventure. This marked the beginning of a long collaboration between the two, and Danny has provided the music for most of Burton's films ever since.
The Elfman-Burton collaboration continued with the clever and quirky music for Beetlejuice and reached a crescendo with the massive, Gothic score for Burton's Batman, which earned a Grammy® for the composer; it also attracted an active fan base, who felt that Danny's "Wagnerian" approach gave the Dark Knight a new and entirely appropriate sound.
Following his work on Batman, Danny provided the soundtrack for Disney's adaptation of Dick Tracy. Soon after, he worked on the songs and score for Tim Burton's The Nightmare Before Christmas, one of the composer's personal favorites, and for which he also provided the singing voice of Jack Skellington.
"Halloween was always my favorite night of the year," Danny says,
"and Christmas was the saddest. I was raised Jewish in a secular family. We didn't celebrate anything, so in my mind all my friends were singing Christmas carols in a warm, happy environment, while I was stuck in this depression. Black clouds gathered. I was cast out. Halloween was the opposite. It was the night to become something else. Anything!"
Danny has scored nearly all of Burton's films, including the touching Edward Scissorhands, with its delicately lyrical choral passages; the funhouse-from-hell music for the mad Penguin and Catwoman in Batman Returns; the '50s-style sci-fi score for Mars Attacks; the intense and powerfully orchestrated Sleepy Hollow; and Planet of the Apes. Five of Danny's eight Grammy nominations are for Burton films.
In addition to Burton, his regular collaborators include Sam Raimi (Spider-Man) and Gus Van Sant (Milk). "Writing the score is the easy part," Danny confides. "Getting into the director's head and understanding their psyche is what's hard. But that's what you need to do. You have to be half-composer, half-psychiatrist."
His many subsequent successes include Mission: ImpossibleSpider-ManHulk, and many others. Danny also has scored several Disney films, including Dead PresidentsA Civil ActionFlubberInstinctMeet the RobinsonsAlice in WonderlandFrankenweenie, and Oz The Great and Powerful. His haunting music for the drama Good Will Hunting and his raucous sounds for the sci-fi comedy Men in Black earned him dual Academy Award nominations in 1997.
Not content to compose only for the screen, Danny also composed the themes for various television shows, including The Simpsons and Desperate Housewives, and even wrote the music for the exciting new Mystic Manor attraction at Hong Kong Disneyland.
"The thing that got me really into doing this ride was they said it was inspired, in part, by a ride that I loved when I was small," Danny says.
"The Haunted Mansion was a part of my musical subconscious… that's really the big appeal, that it was inspired by that: that I might do something that will become part of the musical subconscious culture of a generation."
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Legends One and All
Disney Legends have a rich diversity of backgrounds and talents. Some are easily classified into a tight-knit group, while others contributed in unique and sometimes inimitable ways from Lucien Adès, who pioneered the first "read-along" record album for Disney in 1953, to Matsuo Yokoyama, who helped bring Disney's wonderful worlds to Japan. Here we salute those Legends who made their marks behind the cameras, behind the desks, and behind the pixie dust.
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Ub Iwerks (1901–1971)
Animation & Imagineering • 1989
Ub Iwerks was known at Disney for his animation genius and technical wizardry—as well as his unusual name. In February 1929, Walt Disney and his New York distributors were extremely pleased with Ub's animation on the Mickey Mouse cartoons, about which Walt wrote a letter to his wife, Lilly: "Everyone praises Ubb's artwork and jokes at his funny name," he wrote. "The oddness of Ubb's name is an asset—it makes people look twice when they see it. Tell Ubb that the New York animators take off their hats to his animation…"
Ubbe Eert Iwwerks was born to German-American parents on March 24, 1901, in Kansas City, Missouri. In 1919, he met fellow employee Walt Disney at the Pesmen-Rubin Commercial Art Studio. Both were 19 years old when, after being laid off, they decided to open their own business. Called Iwerks-Disney Studio Commercial Artists ("Disney-Iwerks," they decided, sounded too much like an eyeglass manufacturer), the enterprise lasted only a month before they both accepted jobs at the Kansas City Slide Company.
In 1922, when Walt formed Laugh-O-gram Films, Ub joined him as chief animator. The studio went bankrupt, however, and, two years later, Ub followed Walt to Hollywood. There, he joined the Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio to help produce the Alice Comedies series.
Ub is credited with sketching Mickey Mouse for the first time, and he served as chief directing animator for the Silly Symphony series before branching out on his own in 1930.
As an animator, Ub worked at record-breaking speed. He animated the first Mickey Mouse silent cartoon, Plane Crazy, entirely by himself within a three-week period, completing as many as 700 drawings a day. (Today, the average animator produces 80 to 100 drawings a week.)
After 10 years, Ub returned to the Studio, where he focused on technical development. As Disney's resident technical wizard, Ub invented technology that would revolutionize feature animation. One of his creations was the multi-head optical printer, used to combine live action and animated footage in Melody Time and Song of the South. He later won two Academy Awards® for designing an improved optical printer and for collaborating on the perfection of color traveling matte photography. It was primarily due to Ub's innovations that the Disney Studio moved to the forefront of photographic effects.
During the 1960s, Ub contributed his genius to the development of Disney theme park attractions, including it's a small worldGreat Moments with Mr. Lincoln, and The Hall of Presidents. Towards the end of his life, he devoted his time to the creation of innovations for the upcoming Walt Disney World project.
Ub Iwerks passed away on July 7, 1971, in Los Angeles.
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Bill Walsh (1914–1975)
Film & Television • 1991
Bill Walsh was one of Walt Disney's top film producers and writers. By 1973, Variety named seven of his feature productions on their list of all-time box office champions, including the Academy Award®-winning musical Mary Poppins, which he co-wrote with fellow Disney Legend Don DaGradi. As a producer, Bill specialized in comedy and fantasy films; as a screenwriter, he infused his genius into character dialogue.
Songwriters Richard and Robert Sherman described Bill in their book Walt's Time: From Before to Beyond, recalling, "Bill was one of the most gifted men ever to have worked for Disney—deft with language and humor!"
Born in New York City on September 30, 1914, Bill attended the University of Cincinnati on an athletic scholarship. There, he began to write for the stage; he later joined Barbara Stanwyck and Frank Fay's theater company, Tattle Tales, as a rewrite man, earning $12 a week.
In 1934 Bill headed for Hollywood, where he joined the Margaret Ettinger publicity office; there, he wrote press releases and sketched advertisements for everything from the famous Brown Derby Restaurant to Elizabeth Arden Face Cream. One of his clients, Edgar Bergen, invited Bill to write jokes and gags for his famed ventriloquist act. Bergen also happened to be a friend of Walt Disney's.
In 1943, Bill switched from writing gags for Bergen's dummies, Charlie McCarthy and Mortimer Snerd, to writing gags for Disney's Mickey Mouse comic strip. Then, in 1950, Walt asked Bill to write and produce the Studio's first television presentation, One Hour in Wonderland, which served as a promo for the upcoming animated film Alice in Wonderland.
Bill recalled:
"Walt called me in and said he'd decided to go into television and I was the guy who was going to do it. I looked stunned and said, 'But I don't know anything about television.' Walt smiled back at me and said, 'That's okay. Nobody does!'"
Disney's television debut was such a success that Bill went on to produce the popular Mickey Mouse Club and Davy Crockett television programs, among others.
In 1956, Bill switched to live-action features, going on to collaborate on 18 films either as writer, co-producer, or producer. Among them were Westward Ho the Wagons!Toby TylerThe Shaggy DogThe Absent-Minded ProfessorSon of FlubberThat Darn Cat!Lt. Robin Crusoe, U.S.N.Blackbeard's GhostThe Love Bug, and Bedknobs and Broomsticks.
After 32 years with Disney, and shortly after his return from filming One of Our Dinosaurs is Missing in London, Bill Walsh passed away on January 27, 1975, in Los Angeles.
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Winston Hibler (1910–1976)
Film • 1992
Winston Hibler is probably best known as the friendly voice that narrated Walt Disney's True-Life Adventures films. The veteran producer, however, contributed in many other ways during his nearly 35 years with The Walt Disney Studios.
Affectionately called "Hib" by staff, he produced and co-produced more than 150 films and shared credit on nine Academy Awards® and an Emmy®. Hib also contributed to Disney's rich entertainment legacy as a writer, director, lyricist, and actor. He was inspirational during story meetings; as his colleague Jack Speirs recalled in 1976:
"Hib would very likely be acting out the scene in detail. I think, sometimes, we should have filmed those story conferences because he was such a good actor."
Born in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, on October 8, 1910, Hib planned to seek his fortune in the theater from the time he was 12. In 1930, he graduated from the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in New York and performed on Broadway and in summer stock. A year later, he moved to Hollywood to pursue a motion picture career and took up freelance writing for magazines and radio to help supplement his income.
In 1942, Hib joined The Walt Disney Studios as a camera operator, and soon became a technical director on armed service training films that were being produced by Disney for the U.S. government during World War II.
His first pure entertainment work was writing the "Johnny Appleseed" segment of Melody Time. Walt took notice of his talents and assigned him to work on the stories of such animated features as The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. ToadAlice in Wonderland, and Cinderella.
Along with his writing partner Ted Sears, Hib also composed lyrics for Disney songs, including "Following the Leader" from Peter Pan and "I Wonder" from Sleeping Beauty.
In 1946, when the Studio began producing nature films, Walt cast Hib (and his smooth voice) as narrator of Seal Island, which won an Academy Award. Hib then went on to write and narrate other True-Life Adventures, including The Vanishing Prairie and The Living Desert.
He combined his talent for writing, narrating, and directing on Men Against the Arctic, which won an Academy Award, as well as Operation Undersea, a television special that dramatized the filming of 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea, which won an Emmy in 1955. He also narrated Disney's "People and Places" travelogue series.
Among his other credits, Hib co-produced such films as PerriThose Calloways, and The Island at the Top of the World.
Winston Hibler passed away on August 8, 1976, in Los Angeles.
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Thurl Ravenscroft (1914–2005)
Voice • 1995
Although Thurl Ravenscroft's name may not be familiar to Disney fans, his voice is. Probably best known to television audiences as the voice of Kellogg's Tony the Tiger, a character he played from 1952 until 2005, Thurl was a favorite among Disney vocal performers. His voice has been featured in Disney theme park attractions such as the Country Bear Jamboree; on television programs, such as Zorro; and in animated films, including Lady and the Tramp. In fact, Walt Disney selected Thurl and his quartet, The Mellomen, to croon, as well as bark, whine, and howl like canines in the delightful 1955 classic.
Thurl later recalled, "The most fun we ever had was singing barbershop for Tramp and the other dogs. Walt wanted the dogs to sing 'Home Sweet Home' from their prison cell—a kennel. But we had to sound like dogs, not people singing like dogs."
Born in Norfolk, Nebraska, on February 6, 1914, Thurl headed for Hollywood in 1933 to attend the Otis Art Institute. In 1937, he joined The Sportsmen Quartet, performing on the popular Jack Benny radio show. He later formed The Mellomen, which appeared with such popular artists as Elvis Presley, and in such films as The Glenn Miller Story, starring James Stewart.
The Walt Disney Studios often hired Thurl and his quartet to sing in its animated films, including Alice in Wonderland and Cinderella, and television programs, including Cavalcade of Songs and The Legend of Elfego Baca. Other classic Disney films that Thurl lent his voice to include One Hundred and One DalmatiansThe Sword in the StoneMary PoppinsThe Jungle BookPete's Dragon, and The Fox and the Hound.
At Disneyland, his resonant voice can be heard singing in it's a small worldPirates of the Caribbean, and Splash Mountain; in the Enchanted Tiki Room, he performs the voice of Fritz, the German Audio-Animatronics® parrot. Thurl is heard and seen in the Haunted Mansion; guests often mistake his mustachioed face, featured on a broken bust in the graveyard scene, for that of Walt Disney.
Thurl also performed on Disneyland Records, including Winnie the Pooh and the Blustery Day. In 1990, he sang a version of the Haunted Mansion's whimsical theme song, "Grim Grinning Ghosts," on Disney's Sing Along Songs—Disneyland Fun.
Among Thurl's many non-Disney credits are several Dr. Seuss television specials. His voice can be heard in How the Grinch Stole Christmas," for which he sang the memorable "You're a Mean One, Mr. Grinch." He also played the voice of Kirby, the vacuum, in The Brave Little Toaster, which aired on The Disney Channel.
Thurl passed away on May 22, 2005. In the June 6, 2005, issue of the ad industry journal Advertising Age, Kellogg's ran an ad commemorating Ravenscroft. The headline read: "Behind every great character is an even greater man."
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Carl Barks (1901–2000)
Animation • 1991
As a cartoonist, Carl Barks was no quack—although his characters were. Called "The Duck Man" by many, Carl's name is synonymous with Disney ducks; he dedicated his comic book career to these feathered heroes, retelling the countless exploits of Donald Duck, his nephews Huey, Dewey, and Louie, and Uncle Scrooge McDuck.
Ironically, when Carl joined the Walt Disney Studio in 1935 and met Donald Duck for the first time, his initial impression of the cantankerous character was that he was "an unintelligible troublemaker that would find very few roles suitable for his temperament." In time, however, Carl said he gained an affinity for Donald and never again judged the Duck by his ruffled feathers.
Born March 27, 1901, and raised on an Oregon farm, Carl worked a variety of jobs, ranging from logger to factory worker, before he became a freelance artist in the 1920s.
A self-taught cartoonist—influenced by the Mickey Mouse newspaper strip—Carl caught wind that the Walt Disney Studio was hiring artists and beat tracks to Hollywood. He joined the animation department in 1935.
Within a few months, Carl moved to the story department where he helped write stories for cartoons, including the Donald Duck shorts Modern Inventions and Timber. In all, Carl collaborated on three dozen Donald Duck cartoons and even helped create Huey, Dewey, and Louie for the 1938 short Donald's Nephews.
In 1942, he began developing comic books, starting with Donald Duck Finds Pirate Gold, and continued creating comic books until his retirement in 1966. Probably his most memorable creation over the years is Donald's wealthy uncle, Scrooge McDuck, who debuted in the 1947 story Christmas on Bear Mountain. In 1952, Uncle Scrooge was given his own comic book series, which became a top-seller in the market. Other famous characters of Carl's creation include Gladstone Gander and Gyro Gearloose, as well as McDuck adversaries the Beagle Boys, Flintheart Glomgold, and Magica De Spell.
After more than 25 years chronicling the adventures of Donald and his family, Carl retired from full-time comic book work. He continued to work with the Disney Ducks in a new medium—oil painting. Through 122 paintings and a series of lithographs, Carl brought his "Duckburg U.S.A." clan into the world of fine art.
Still, it's Carl's comic book work for which he is most famous. Towards the end of his career, the public began to take note of comics as an art form, paying greater heed to the writers and artists whose works were originally published anonymously. Once known to fans only as "The Good Duck Artist", Carl's name quickly became famous. He was one of the first inductees into the Eisner Awards Hall of Fame in 1987.
Carl's canon of comics continue to live on in one of the most popular animated television series of all time, DuckTales, while his comic books have become highly collectible. On October 22, 1991, when honored at the Disney Legends Awards, the 92-year-old artist won a laugh from the audience when he said, "I want to thank all the kids that bought my comic books for a dime and are now selling them for $2,000."
Carl Barks passed away on August 25, 2000, at age 99, in Grants Pass, Oregon.
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John Hench (1908–2004)
Animation & Imagineering • 1990
John Hench was Disney's Renaissance artist. Imagineer, philosopher, animator, designer, storyteller, voracious reader (52 magazines a month!), and teacher, John was always quick to share the lessons he learned from his own mentor—Walt Disney.
He recalled one of those lessons: "Walt always said, 'You get down to Disneyland at least twice a month and you walk in the front entrance, don't walk in through the back. Eat with the people. Watch how they react to the work you've done down there.' This made an enormous difference in how we approached our work."
As senior vice president of Walt Disney Imagineering, John carried on Walt's ideals and standards. Sandy Huskins, his assistant and confidante for more than 25 years, once said:
"Sometimes John says, 'Tomorrow, we're going to the Park,' and we'll go down, stand in line, and pretend we're guests. I always come back with a full load of notes."
Born in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, in 1908, John attended the Art Students League in New York City and received a scholarship to Otis Art Institute in Los Angeles. He also attended the California School of Fine Arts in San Francisco and Chouinard Art Institute in Los Angeles.
In 1939, he joined Disney as a sketch artist in the story department, working first on Fantasia. Always eager to learn, John accepted a variety of tasks over the years, including painting backgrounds on Dumbo and creating layouts for The Three Caballeros. His other film credits include art supervision on Make Mine Music, cartoon art treatments for So Dear To My Heart, color and styling for Peter Pan, and animation effects for The Living Desert.
In 1954, his special effects work on 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea earned John an Oscar®. That same year, he left the Studio to work at what is today known as Walt Disney Imagineering. His first assignment was to design attractions for the original Tomorrowland in Disneyland.
Later, in 1960, John worked closely with Walt in developing the pageantry for the opening and closing ceremonies and daily presentations for the VIII Winter Olympic Games at Squaw Valley, as well as designing the iconic Olympic Torch. John worked on attractions for the 1964-65 New York World's Fair, before going on to help master plan Walt Disney World and Tokyo Disneyland. He was a key figure in the conceptualization and creation of Epcot Center, and developed ideas for theme parks including Disney's California Adventure, Animal Kingdom, and Tokyo DisneySea.
John was also Mickey Mouse's official corporate portrait artist, having painted Mickey's portrait for his 25th (1953), 50th (1978), 60th (1988), 70th (1998), and 75th (2003) birthdays.
In 2004, John celebrated his 65th year with the company. He passed away on February 5, 2004, in Burbank, still working full-time for Disney at age 95.
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Ken O'Connor (1908–1998)
Animation & Imagineering • 1992
As a Disney layout artist and art director, Kendall "Ken" O'Connor was a genius; it was his gentle, self-deprecating nature and wry sense of humor that made him a joy to work with. As director T. Hee once recalled, "Ken was a charmer. Being from Australia, he'd make some crazy crack that only an Aussie can do. He was a bright, clever man and a man who enjoyed life. He never got upset about things, but just brushed them aside and kept on going. That made it nice for us to work together."
Fellow Disney Legend Ward Kimball, whose work with Ken included several futuristic films for Disney television shows, added, "Ken arrived at some very interesting solutions… I'd ask him for some quick sketches of, say, how an underwater restaurant would look, and he would come up with some wild ideas."
Born in Perth, Australia, on June 7, 1908, Ken studied commercial art at Melbourne Technical College and fine art at the Australian National Gallery in Melbourne. In 1930, he emigrated with his family to the United States, settling in San Francisco, where he continued his education at the California School of Art.
In 1935 he joined The Walt Disney Studios, where he worked as either art director or layout man on 13 features and nearly 100 shorts.
Among the most memorable images Ken created for the screen were the magical coach in Cinderella, the marching cards in Alice in Wonderland, and the dancing hippos in Fantasia. His other credits include Snow White and the Seven DwarfsPinocchioDumboMake Mine MusicMelody TimePeter PanLady and the Tramp, and more.
During World War II, Ken worked on training and educational films that Disney produced for the United States government, including Food Will Win the War, as well as theatrical cartoons such as Education for Death. Later, he provided layouts for the first 3-D cartoon, Adventures in Music: Melody. He also served as art director on three "space factuals" for Disney's television programs Man in SpaceMan and the Moon, and Mars and Beyond. He also art directed the first CinemaScope cartoon, Toot, Whistle, Plunk and Boom, which won an Academy Award® in 1953.
After more than 30 years with the company, Ken retired in 1978. He continued to lend his imagination and artistry, however, to such projects as Epcot Center's Universe of Energy and World of Motion attractions. He also consulted on the Back to Neverland [sic] film, featured in the Magic of Disney Animation attraction at the Disney-MGM Studios Theme Park in Florida, which introduced park guests to the animation process. Ken also taught layout and art direction at the California Institute of the Arts, helping influence an entire generation of today's animation greats.
Ken O'Connor passed away on May 27, 1998, in Burbank, California.
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Ken Anderson (1909–1993)
Animation & Imagineering • 1991
Walt Disney often referred to Ken Anderson as his "Jack of All Trades." Over the years, Ken used his skills as architect, artist, animator, storyteller, and designer to masterful ends in several different areas of the Disney entertainment spectrum. Always focused on challenge and growth, Ken once said his desire was not so much to achieve, as to "be able to constantly improve."
Born in Seattle, Washington, on March 17, 1909, Ken attended the University of Washington and won a scholarship that allowed him to advance his studies in Europe. There, he earned a degree in architecture. Ken then returned to California to work as a sketch artist at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, where he contributed to such films as Greta Garbo's The Painted Veil.
In 1934, Ken was driving past the Walt Disney Studio when, on a whim, he pulled over to apply for a job.
The next thing he knew, he was working on Silly Symphonies; these included The Goddess of Spring and Three Orphan Kittens, which won an Academy Award® for Best Short Subject (Cartoons).
His first feature assignment was as art director for Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs; to help other animators visualize the film's settings dimensionally, Ken built models of the Dwarfs' cottage. Even Dopey's memorable wiggling ears were inspired by his own ability to do so.
Ken went on to serve as art director on PinocchioFantasia, and The Reluctant Dragon. While working on Song of the South, he contributed technical innovations related to the film's combination of live-action footage and animation; he later improved upon these techniques as animation art director for Pete's Dragon.
Among Ken's character creations were the villainous Shere Khan in The Jungle Book, as well as the playful dragon Elliott in Pete's Dragon. His impressive roster of Disney credits also includes story contributions to Melody TimeCinderella, and The Jungle Book, and his color styling greatly influenced Alice in Wonderland. Ken's layouts were pivotal to the staging and design of Peter Pan and Lady and the Tramp. He also led the production design of Sleeping BeautyOne Hundred and One Dalmatians, and The Aristocats.
During the 1950s, Walt tapped Ken's knowledge of architecture, perspective, and art direction to help realize Disneyland. His concept drawings and design work contributed to such popular Fantasyland attractions as Peter Pan's FlightMr. Toad's Wild Ride, and Storybook Land.
After 44 years with the Company, Ken retired in 1978. He continued to work with Walt Disney Imagineering on special projects, including the proposed Equatorial Africa Pavilion for Epcot Center, which he developed in collaboration with author Alex Haley.
Ken Anderson passed away on December 13, 1993, in La Cañada Flintridge, California.
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Jack Hannah (1913–1994)
Animation • 1992
Jack Hannah directed some of the most outrageous animated shorts ever produced by The Walt Disney Studios. Among them were 65 Donald Duck shorts, which have been praised as the funniest of Disney's animated duck tales. Jack's work was honored on numerous occasions by the Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences; eight of the cartoons he directed were nominated for Oscars®, including Tea for Two HundredToy Tinkers, and No Hunting. Not bad for a guy, who, as Jack said, was hired by Disney on "a two-week tryout that lasted 30 years."
Born January 15, 1913, in Nogales, Arizona, Jack migrated to Los Angeles in 1931 to study at the Art Guild Academy. Among his first jobs was designing movie posters for Hollywood theaters.
Then, in 1933, during the Depression, Jack decided to leave his portfolio with The Walt Disney Studios. He was soon hired as an in-between and clean-up artist, working on Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck, and Silly Symphony cartoons.
Jack received his first animation credit for Gulliver Mickey and, later, served as a key animator on the Academy Award®-winning short The Old Mill. In 1937, he first lent his wild imagination to Donald Duck as an animator on Modern Inventions, and, from then on, devoted much of his work to Disney's duck star.
In 1939, Jack moved from animation to the story department, where he wrote and illustrated tales featuring his feisty, feathered friend. At one point, he even teamed up with Donald Duck comic book artist and fellow Disney Legend Carl Barks to create 27 of Disney's most classic duck shorts. Among Jack's story credits are Donald Gets DraftedDonald's Vacation, and Trombone Trouble.
He became a director in 1943, introducing the troublesome chipmunks, Chip and Dale, and other antagonists to Donald shorts. He was also instrumental in bringing Disney's duck to television, directing 14 hour-long television shows. Many of these featured Walt Disney talking at his desk with Donald. Jack's television credits include A Day in the Life of Donald DuckAt Home with Donald Duck, and Two Happy Amigos.
Jack retired from the Studio in 1959 to pursue his love for oil painting. His landscapes were exhibited in major art galleries throughout the West; he also had a yen for nurturing new talent and taught many painting classes.
Then, in 1975, he was asked by the Studio to develop and direct the School of Character Animation at the California Institute of the Arts (CalArts), which Walt Disney helped found. He served at CalArts for eight years.
Jack Hannah passed away on June 11, 1994, in Burbank, California.
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Sterling Holloway (1905–1992)
Voice • 1991
During his nearly 40-year association with The Walt Disney Studios, actor Sterling Holloway supplied narration and character voice-overs for more than twenty Disney animated shorts, features, and television specials. Yet it was his irresistibly childlike portrayal of Disney's "silly old bear," Winnie the Pooh, for which he is most remembered.
Director of Disney Character Voices Rick Dempsey once described the actor's one-of-a-kind vocal quality: "Sterling just had a unique voice—a high-tenor, raspy voice unlike anything you ever heard. He was the first spoken teddy bear."
Born January 14, 1905, in Cedartown, Georgia, Sterling was educated at Georgia Military Academy. At 15, he enrolled in New York's American Academy of Dramatic Arts and, upon graduation, appeared in musical revues, vaudeville, and on the radio. He then moved to Hollywood, where he launched his film career, appearing in such silent movies as Casey at the Bat with Wallace Beery. When the advent of talking pictures left many featured players without work, Sterling's distinctive voice brought him prosperity. In the 1930s and '40s, the lanky redhead with a knack for playing country bumpkin roles appeared in such films as Gold Diggers of 1933, with Dick Powell, and Blonde Venus, with Marlene Dietrich. He would go on to make more than 150 film appearances during his lifetime.
Before long, Sterling's unusual voice perked the ear of Walt Disney, who invited him to star as the voice of the Messenger Stork in the 1941 animated classic Dumbo.
His first Disney performance led to subsequent voice roles including the adult Flower in Bambi and the Cheshire Cat in Alice in Wonderland. Sterling also played Kaa, the hypnotic snake, in The Jungle Book, for which he sang the memorable song "Trust in Me." His most beloved role, however, was as the voice of Winnie the Pooh in such featurettes as the Academy Award®-winning Winnie the Pooh and the Blustery Day.
Among his other Disney film credits, Sterling played Professor Holloway and the Cold-Blooded Penguin in The Three Caballeros and Roquefort in The Aristocats. He also served as narrator for the "Peter and the Wolf" segment of Make Mine Music, and other Disney shorts, including The Pelican and the SnipeLambert, the Sheepish Lion, and Susie, the Little Blue Coupe.
In the 1950s and '60s, the actor segued into the budding medium of television, appearing in such popular situation comedies as The Life of Riley and The Baileys of Balboa. Among his Disney television credits, Sterling narrated Christmas at Walt Disney World and The Restless Sea, a combination live-action and animated story of the sea.
Sterling Holloway passed away on November 22, 1992, in Los Angeles.
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Mario Gentilini (1909–1988)
Publishing • 1997
Mario Gentilini pushed the envelope of invention in the world of comic publishing. The former director of Topolino magazine, he had an artistic, captivating, and tireless personality, which he infused into the popular Italian publication. Under his leadership, the Mickey Mouse-starring Topolino transformed from a monthly into a weekly publication and featured original Disney stories by classically trained Italian artists. As former vice chairman of The Walt Disney Company Roy E. Disney recalled, "Mario was a great pioneer in the comic field."
Born July 8, 1909, in Luzzara, Italy, Mario studied art at the Accademia di Brera in Milan and, in time, became a well-known figurative painter. His work was featured in exhibitions in Paris and Rome.
Mario taught at a local high school until 1936 when he was offered the opportunity to fill in for an artist on leave from Arnoldo Mondadori Editore. While at the prestigious publishing firm, Mario learned of Topolino magazine, which the company had recently acquired the rights to publish. He became enchanted by Disney's little mouse star and, as a result, quit teaching to began a new career in publishing. He started by retouching drawings for Topolino and, nine years later, Mario was promoted to its editor.
At that time, only Disney stories from the U.S. were typically translated and published in the magazine.
Mario, however, transformed the publication from a monthly into a weekly and, as a result, initiated original Disney stories by Italian artists to help fill Topolino's estimated 3,500 published pages per year. The artists he recruited were from top Italian schools, such as Scarpa in Venezia.
Mario's other contributions include I Classici di Walt Disney, a monthly magazine that featured only the best stories of Topolino. First published in 1958, the magazine was a huge success selling two million copies in seven languages per issue. Ten years later, Mario published the first of a successful series of Disney-themed handbooks for the Italian boy scouts called Manuale dell Giovani Marmotte.
In addition to his publishing genius, Mario was a clever marketer; in 1960, he founded the Topolino Ski Trophy for children ages 6 to 12, the first sports program of its kind in Europe. He also developed Il Club di Topolino for readers of Topolino, who collected and traded special stamps that were published in the magazine. Founded in 1954, the club grew to more than 500,000 members by the late 1960s.
After 35 years with Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, Mario retired in 1980. Future fellow Disney Legend Gaudenzio Capelli assumed his responsibilities as director of Topolino.
Mario Gentilini passed away in February 1988, in Milan.
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Joe Grant (1908–2005)
Animation • 1992
Story artist Joe Grant's lengthy career at The Walt Disney Studios came full circle. In 1940, he contributed to Fantasia and, 50 years later, he fathered the "flamingo with a yo-yo" concept for the "Carnival of the Animals" sequence featured in Fantasia 2000.
In fact, Joe enjoyed two separate careers at Disney. His first began in the early 1930s, when he contributed to the story and character development of such animated classics as Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs and Pinocchio. Then, in 1949, he left Disney to pursue his own artistic ventures. Years later, in 1989, he received an unexpected phone call from Disney's feature animation department, asking if he would consult on Beauty and the Beast.
Subsequent Disney animated films, such as AladdinThe Lion King, and Mulan, benefited from Joe's talent and humor. Former Walt Disney Feature Animation President Thomas Schumacher once said, "Joe is both a creative force and a touchstone. Not only is he among the most prolific artists in feature animation, but he's always willing to let me run an idea by him and I always get an honest assessment. I depend on him as a sounding board for what is appealing, charming and entertaining."
Born in New York City on May 15, 1908, the son of a successful newspaper art editor, Joe was educated in the newsroom by his father. His first professional break came when he was hired as a staff illustrator for The Los Angeles Record, sketching weekly cartoons and caricatures of Hollywood celebrities. His drawings caught the eye of Walt Disney, who hired Joe to design caricatures for Mickey's Gala Premiere in 1933.
Walt eventually invited Joe to join the Studio, where he soon became one of its top writers and gagmen.
He also founded the Character Model Department, where characters were designed and visuals and stories developed. As head of the department, it was often said that no model sheet was official until it bore the seal "O.K., J.G."
Along with his writing partner and fellow Disney Legend Dick Huemer, Joe accompanied Walt and Leopold Stokowski on a retreat to select music for Fantasia and, later, led its story development. He also co-wrote Dumbo, which was inspired by a children's book. During World War II, Joe contributed to many patriotic-themed shorts including the Academy Award®-winning Der Fuehrer's Face. Other early credits included The Reluctant DragonSaludos AmigosMake Mine Music, and Alice in Wonderland.
After his return to the Studio, Joe contributed to the visual and character development of a number of features, including PocahontasThe Hunchback of Notre DameHercules, and Disney/Pixar's Monsters, Inc.
Joe worked four days a week at Disney until he passed away on May 6, 2005, nine days short of his 97th birthday. His story, alongside that of fellow Disney Legend Joe Ranft, is told in the 2010 book Two Guys Named Joe: Master Animation Storytellers Joe Grant & Joe Ranft.
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Cyril James (1910–1975)
Consumer Products & Film • 1997
Cyril James has been called Roy O. Disney's British counterpart because, like Roy, Cyril was a business genius. He skillfully handled all of the financial and administrative affairs for Walt Disney Productions, Ltd., in London, England.
Colleagues remember Cyril's good nature and his dry, often pointed, wit. As former treasurer of Buena Vista International and fellow Legend Don Escen recalled, "When I first traveled from Burbank to the London offices, Cyril jokingly greeted me with 'Good morning, and when is it you're leaving, again?'"
While Cyril transformed Disney into a "proper" English company by hosting a formal tea each afternoon in the London offices, his sense of loyalty to the American Company was legend.
Not only did he name his home "Burbank," in honor of the California city where Walt and Roy O. Disney built their famed Studio, but he practically busted buttons whenever the Company met with success.
His son David James said, "I remember the night he came home after it was announced that Disney's live-action film Rob Roy had been selected for the Royal Command Film Performance. He woke me up to give me a Rob Roy lead figure. I was a small child then, but I still remember the pride and excitement in his eyes."
Cyril was born September 1, 1910, in Tonipandi, South Wales. He trained in London as a chartered accountant and joined Walt Disney Productions, Ltd., as Company secretary in 1938.
Four years later he left Disney to join the war effort, serving as a sergeant in the Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers. After the war, Cyril rejoined the Company and was instrumental as its liaison with RKO, which distributed Disney movies. These included Disney's first all-live-action films, which were produced in the United Kingdom beginning with Treasure Island in 1950.
In 1956, Cyril was promoted to joint managing director of Walt Disney Productions, Ltd., a title he shared with fellow Disney Legend Cyril Edgar. Known as "the two Cyrils," the men were an effective team; Cyril James attended to the Company's administration and finance, while Cyril Edgar focused on selling Disney films to theater circuits and television shows to broadcast stations.
Three years later, Cyril James became Roy O. Disney's point man when he was named sole managing director for England and Europe. He served in that position until his retirement in 1972, after spending 35 years with the Company.
Cyril James passed away on August 25, 1975, in London, England.
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Clarence Nash (1904–1985)
Voice • 1993
Clarence "Ducky" Nash never intended to become the speaking voice for an animated duck. Clarence, who played the voice of Donald Duck for more than 50 years, once explained, "Actually, I wanted to be a doctor; but instead I became the biggest quack in the world."
Born in Watonga, Oklahoma, on December 7, 1904, Clarence grew up on a farm surrounded by animals, which he imitated for fun. He performed at school talent shows, getting big applause whenever he recited "Mary Had a Little Lamb" in his billy goat voice. After high school, he toured the Midwest as a mandolin player and animal impressionist on the Redpath Chautauqua and Lyceum vaudeville circuit.
By 1930, he moved to Los Angeles and won a spot on The Merry Makers radio show doing animal impressions. This led to a promotional job with a milk company. While working as "Whistling Clarence, the Adohr Birdman," entertaining children from a traveling milk wagon, he decided to stop by The Walt Disney Studios, where he heard animal cartoons were being produced. Within a few days, Clarence was invited to audition. After Clarence performed his billy goat voice, the casting director reached for the intercom to Walt's office and said, "I think we found our duck."
Clarence joined Disney in 1933, when production began on Donald Duck's debut short, The Wise Little Hen. He went on to portray Donald in five feature films, including Saludos AmigosThe Three CaballerosFun and Fancy Free, and Melody Time, as well as more than 150 shorts, including Orphan's Benefit and the Oscar®-winning Der Fuehrer's Face.
He said his greatest challenge was when cartoons had to be dubbed into foreign languages.
Words were written phonetically in the scripts for Ducky, who later recalled, "I learned to quack in French ('couac'), Chinese (Yes, Peking Duck!), and German. For some reason, German was the hardest."
Additionally, Ducky performed the voices of Donald's nephews, Huey, Dewey and Louie; his duck-friend Daisy; a bullfrog in Bambi; dogs in One Hundred and One Dalmatians; and birds in the Enchanted Tiki Room at Disneyland.
Ducky brought joy to fans by entertaining with a fiberglass Donald Duck ventriloquist doll at school assemblies, hospitals, and orphanages. In 1983, he furnished Donald's voice for the Oscar-nominated featurette Mickey's Christmas Carol. He appeared the next year on the Academy Awards®, the CBS television special Donald Duck's 50th Birthday, and at special Disney theme park celebrations. He also visited the White House, where President Ronald Reagan presented him with a plaque commemorating his unique place in American family entertainment.
Clarence "Ducky" Nash passed away on February 20, 1985, in Los Angeles.
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Frank Wells (1932–1994)
Administration • 1994
In September 1984, Frank Wells joined The Walt Disney Company as its president and chief operating officer. During his 10-year tenure, Disney enjoyed unprecedented growth and revitalization, with annual revenues rising from $1.5 billion to $8.5 billion. Disney stock prices increased a whopping 1,500 percent, while its theme park and resort revenues tripled. Disney Consumer Products revenues rose 13-fold, while Disney filmed entertainment revenues jumped 15-fold. Frank helped make Disney one of the most successful film studios in the world.
In 1994, former company chairman Michael Eisner said:
"Fortunately for all of us at Disney, Frank was a buccaneer in the office. He was smart, prudent, a dealmaker, and a great closer. He was always supportive of a great idea, whether it was swans on the outside of a building or 'ducks' for the name of a hockey team."
Appropriately, Frank was born on a date that is stated like a command: March 4th (March forth!), 1932. A native of Coronado, California, and son of a naval officer, he earned his bachelor of arts at Pomona College and attended Oxford University from 1953 until 1955 as a Rhodes scholar in jurisprudence. He completed his education with an LLB degree from Stanford University. Frank also spent two years in the United States Army, attaining the rank of first lieutenant.
He began his career as a partner in the Hollywood law firm Gang, Tyre and Brown, which specialized in entertainment industry law. Then, in 1969, he joined Warner Bros. as its vice president, West Coast, and was named president in 1973. Just prior to joining Disney, Frank was vice chairman of Warner Brothers, Inc., the motion picture subsidiary of Warner Communications, Inc.
Excellent with detail-oriented business and finance, Frank also readily delved into both creative and administrative endeavors. At Disney, he focused on all aspects of the company, including theme parks, real estate, finance, administration, and corporate sponsorships. As a key supporter of Disneyland Paris, Frank expanded the Company's international presence and also promoted development of The Disney Store. He was known throughout the company as a friendly, kind soul who was always approachable and open to ideas.
A born adventurer, Frank set out in 1983 to climb the highest mountain on each of the world's seven continents within a single year—a feat never before accomplished at that time. He scaled six, but weather forced him to turn back near the top of Mount Everest. His mountaineering exploits were chronicled in his book, Seven Summits, published in 1986. He and his beloved hobby are also paid tribute in Disneyland's Matterhorn Bobsleds attraction, where mountain climbing equipment bearing the name "Wells Expedition" can be seen.
On April 3, 1994, Frank Wells died in a helicopter accident in Nevada; a building at The Walt Disney Studios was later dedicated in his memory. The Frank G. Wells building opened in 1998, with a ceremonial ribbon cutting by his wife, Luanne, and his friend and business partner Michael Eisner. Beside the building's entrance, a plaque contains a quote that Frank carried on a slip of paper inside his pocket for 30 years: "Humility is the final achievement."
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David Hand (1900–1986)
Animation • 1994
In 1930, David Hand joined The Walt Disney Studios as its 21st and most ambitious young animator. It didn't take long for Walt Disney to notice David's knack for getting things done, and so he moved Dave (as he was called by his friends) into directing animated shorts, such as Pluto's Judgement DayAlpine Climbers, and Little Hiawatha. Later, in 1933, Walt promoted him to Production Supervisor of the Studio, and, around that same time, entrusted Dave with directing the first full-length animated feature, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs.
Dave "was cavalier in transforming Walt's dreams into animation," recalled animators and Disney Legends Frank Thomas and Ollie Johnston in their book Disney Animation: The Illusion of Life. They added, "Dave knew enough to recognize quality, and if Walt said, 'Let's get that into the picture,' Dave would make sure that it got in and just that way. If Walt said, 'We can save money here; let's keep the cost down,' Dave would use every shortcut in the book. He never confused his own views or ambitions with Walt's."
Born on January 23, 1900, in Plainfield, New Jersey, Dave attended the Chicago Art Institute. After school, he landed a job at the J.R. Bray Studio in New York; there he met Max Fleischer, for whom he later animated the "Out of the Inkwell" series. In 1928,
Dave took an interest in The Walt Disney Studios, which had just produced Steamboat Willie—the first animated cartoon to have synchronized sound. Purely on spec, he decided to visit California and apply for a job at the Studio.
During his 14 years with the company, Dave worked on about 70 shorts and three features. He served as animator on the first Technicolor cartoon, Flowers and Trees, which won the first Oscar® for Best Short Subject (Cartoons) in 1933. He later directed Who Killed Cock Robin?—which was nominated for an Academy Award®—and Three Orphan Kittens, which won an Oscar® in 1936. He also served as supervising director on Bambi and animation supervisor on Victory Through Air Power, which was his last Disney project.
In 1944, Dave was invited to England by J. Arthur Rank to set up an animation studio. There he created the Animaland and Musical Paintbox cartoon series, while influencing a generation of British animators. In 1951, he returned to the United States to pursue a career in industrial filmmaking.
David Hand passed away on October 11, 1986, in San Luis Obispo, California.
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Peter Ellenshaw (1913–2007)
Film • 1993
Mary Poppins glides through the air beneath an umbrella. Fifty chimney sweeps dance over the rooftops of London. Captain Nemo pilots his submarine, the Nautilus, to the island of Vulcania. Such Disney moments, and many more, were created by Peter Ellenshaw, special effects artist, matte painter, and production designer. A renowned sea and landscape artist, Peter created paintings that look real enough to step into.
The story of how Peter first became interested in art is about as dramatic as his paintings. Born in London on May 24, 1913, Peter was raised in the town of Essex, which was in the path of German zeppelins during World War I. As he once recalled, "My mother put us [he and his two sisters] under the kitchen table while the zeppelins were overhead and gave us pencils and paper to draw with." An artist was born.
Because of his father's death in World War I, Peter was forced to leave school at age 14 to help support his family. While working as a grease monkey in a garage, he pursued his artwork and soon met matte artist Walter Percy Day. Before long, Day offered the young artist a job in film and Peter went on to work on Alexander Korda's Things to Come, Michael Powell's A Matter of Life and Death, and Mervyn LeRoy's Quo Vadis, as well as The Thief of BaghdadThe Red ShoesBlack Narcissus, and Spartacus.
Peter first met Walt Disney in 1948, when Walt began production of his first completely live-action motion picture, Treasure Island, in England. Intrigued by Peter's artistry, Walt personally chose him to recreate scenes of long-ago England on painted backgrounds for the film.
Walt later brought Peter to Hollywood to work on his adaptation of Jules Verne's classic 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea; the film went on to win an Oscar® for best special effects in 1955. Ten years later, Peter won his own Academy Award® for his work on Mary Poppins. As a matte artist, he contributed to such films as Pollyanna and Swiss Family Robinson, and he was also responsible for production design on Johnny Tremain. In addition, Peter contributed to the special photographic effects of Darby O'Gill and the Little People, served as production designer on Island at the Top of the World, and as art director on Bedknobs and Broomsticks. In all, Peter contributed to more than 30 Disney feature films.
A collection of his breathtaking art was published in 1996 as The Garden Within: The Art of Peter Ellenshaw," which inspired the wildly popular "Winnie the Pooh in the Garden" series of Disney collectibles and merchandise.
Peter Ellenshaw passed away on February 12, 2007, in Santa Barbara, California.
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Antonio Bertini
Consumer Products • 1997
Disney experienced unprecedented growth in Italy during the tenure of former president of Walt Disney Creations S.p.A., Antonio Bertini. As the Company's annual income base increased from an estimated $74 million to $300 million, Antonio expanded merchandising from 30 to nearly 100 licensees. These licensees produced various Disney-themed products for the Italian marketplace.
Antonio's optimistic business philosophy proved itself true. As he explained, "There is always a market. There is never a problem when you give a good product at the right price." He added: "And Disney is a very good product."
Born in Milan, Italy, on January 13, 1927, Antonio was the only child of a metalworker and homemaker. He attended the nearby University of Pavia and, as a student there, presented a paper on a little-known concept in the country at the time—market research. In 1955, he graduated with a Ph.D. in political science.
After school, he began his career as a planning officer at Lever Brothers in Milan, coordinating the operating, marketing, and publicity plans of four Italian factories which produced such products as soap, perfume, and margarine. In 1960, Antonio answered an anonymous ad in the local newspaper for a job. Little did he know at the time, the company was Walt Disney Productions and he was about to embark on a lifelong career.
Antonio joined Disney on July 1, 1960, as an assistant to the Company's Italian sales representative, Major John "Jack" William Holmes. Within one month, Antonio negotiated a number of new contracts with licensees to create such products as Disney-themed tablecloths, toys, and figurines; this subsequently increased Company profits by 25 million Italian lira. His stellar efforts were rewarded a year later, when he was promoted to sales manager and invited to join the Company's Board of Directors. Two years later, Roy O. Disney personally named Antonio president of Walt Disney Creations S.p.A.
In 1978, Antonio initiated the production and marketing of 8-mm and 16-mm Disney shorts and educational films throughout Italy. Within a year, his experiment earned an additional $1 million worth of revenue for the Company and paved the way toward its dominance in the home video market during the early 1980s.
Then, in 1987, he proposed that the Milan-based Company cease to have licensees publish Disney books, comics, and magazines, such as the weekly Topolino, but rather own and operate its own publishing division. Antonio later said, "Business jumped 1000 percent after we became our own publisher."
After 30 years of service, Antonio Bertini retired from Walt Disney Creations S.p.A. in 1990.
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Fred Moore (1911–1952)
Animation • 1995
When a friend couldn't make a scheduled interview with Walt Disney because of a toothache, 19-year-old Fred Moore seized the opportunity and went in his place. A natural draftsman, with no formal art training except for a few night classes he earned in exchange for janitorial work at Chouinard Art Institute, Fred won the job. His animation genius would subsequently be imprinted on Disney films and an entire generation of fledgling artists, whom he inspired through his impeccable drawings.
Storyman Larry Clemmons once recalled, "He was such a help to other guys. Guys would come in his room and say, 'Fred, how would you do this?' Fred would say, 'Well, here!'—and he'd show them—he didn't lecture, he just did it."
Born Robert Fred Moore on September 7, 1911, he attended Polytechnic High School in Los Angeles. While growing up, Fred often submitted drawings to the Los Angeles Junior Times, a magazine for young people. Each time a drawing of his was published, Fred earned what he called "bright Junior Times buttons," in lieu of cash.
Fred earned a lot of buttons by the time he joined Disney. While there, he transformed the look of Mickey Mouse from the traditional "rubber hose and round circle" school of drawing, which used a "squash and stretch" technique that made the character appear more elastic, to the beloved character still in design today.
The hallmark of Fred's drawing style, however, was his uncanny ability to give emotion, charm, and appeal to his characters, while also making their actions more convincing.
When he animated the pigs in Three Little Pigs, for instance, Fred also won Walt's highest praise that "at last, we have achieved true personality in a whole picture." Fred contributed to nearly 35 shorts in all, including Pluto's Judgement DayThree Orphan Kittens, which won an Oscar®, and Brave Little Tailor, which was nominated for an Academy Award®.
In 1934, Walt named Fred directing animator of the Dwarfs in the Studio's first feature-length animated film, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. The Dwarfs were among Fred's crowning achievements, according to animators Frank Thomas and Ollie Johnston. In their book Disney Animation: The Illusion of Life, they wrote, "In the public's mind there have been no more memorable characters than the Dwarfs." Other characters Fred brought to life included Lampwick in Pinocchio, Timothy in Dumbo, and the Centaurettes in Fantasia.
Fred Moore passed away on November 25, 1952, in Los Angeles.
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Angel Angelopoulos (1907–1990)
Publishing • 1997
Alkaios Angelopoulos, known as "Angel" to his friends and colleagues, loved to learn. In 1951, he founded Educational Materials Enterprises S.A., a company that represented foreign publishers and film companies in Greece. Angel was determined to bring a world of information and inspired entertainment to his native Greece and, in 1953, Walt Disney Productions joined his roster of prestigious clients. Mary Tenti, who worked with him in his Athens office, recalled, "Angel was very fond of education. His beloved baby, besides Disney, was the book."
Born in Patra, Greece, on August 8, 1907, Angel studied law and political science at Athens University. In 1934, he moved to Addis Ababa, the capital of Ethiopia, where he practiced law at the Mixed Courts of Ethiopia. He soon, however, turned to newspaper reporting for the International News Service (INS) and covered the Italo-Ethiopian War (1935-36) and the Spanish Civil War (1936-39).
During World War II, he enlisted with the Greek Resistance forces against German occupation. He continued to report for the INS after the way, covering the Balkans and Near East. Then, in the early 1950s, Angel decided to switch careers again; this time he became a representative of intellectual properties such as Encyclopedia Britannica and, of course, Disney.
True to Angel's enthusiastic nature, he pursued his Disney marketing venture with vigor. Among his contributions was the launch of the first Greek Disney magazine, Mickey Mouse Weekly, published by licensee Terzopoulos. He also recruited licensees to manufacture character merchandise; these included Panini, an Italian company that produced popular Disney-themed stickers and sticker books. Before long, Angel's responsibilities spread to developing markets in Yugoslavia, Turkey, and Egypt. He also provided exceptional leadership fighting against the piracy of Disney characters in Greece, creating an environment in which Disney licensees could thrive.
Former European sales representative Armand Bigle recalled, "There were no strong copyright rules in Greece, at the time, like there were in France or England. Angel fought very hard to protect Disney and its characters."
Later, Angel's love of Disney and learning motivated him to assist Roy O. Disney in raising funds for the California Institute of the Arts in Valencia. The art school, founded in 1970, was a dream of Walt Disney, who died in 1966 before its completion. As Roy O. Disney wrote to Angel in 1969, "You have supported the school on faith alone in past years. We hope you will continue to participate with us as the promise becomes a reality."
Filled with passion and tremendous drive, Angel worked eight to 10 hour days into his 80s. Angel passed away on May 13, 1990, in Athens.
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Roberto de Leonardis (1913–1984)
Film • 1997
Raised in Italy, Roberto de Leonardis became fluent in colloquial American English during two years as a prisoner alongside America GIs in a Japanese prison camp. It was a skill that served him well when the war was over; in 1947, Roberto was hired by Disney to translate its films, including BambiDumboPinocchio, and others, into Italian for audiences there to enjoy.
Roy E. Disney, former vice chairman of The Walt Disney Company, later recalled, "Roberto was a good friend to the Company. With his skilled English, he translated the Studio's films with great care and precision and, subsequently, helped make Disney an integral part of the nation's entertainment landscape."
Born in Naples on February 14, 1913, Roberto's father was an admiral in the Italian Navy. Young Roberto followed in his footsteps, attending the Military Academy in Livorno, Tuscany, and graduating as an officer.
As a captain, Roberto served as commanding officer of an Italian naval ship under the flag of King Victor Emanuel III. When confronted by the Japanese after Italy surrendered to the Allies on September 8, 1943, Roberto scuttled his ship in China's Yangtze Kiang River. As a result, he was taken prisoner and detained until American troops freed him in 1945.
Roberto returned to Italy after the war and, with his newly acquired English skills, began to translate American films into his native language.
In 1949, as a member of the association of Italian short film producers, Roberto developed Filmeco, a production house that created about 50 documentaries. These included an episode of Disney's People and Places travelogue series, Sardinia, in 1956.
Two years later, Roberto established his own dubbing company, Royfilm. This new venture translated Disney films into the Italian language, in addition to motion pictures produced by other major American studios including Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, Paramount, and Universal.
In 1961, Roberto was commissioned to work as executive producer on the Circarama film Italia '61. This 360-degree motion picture, which features a tour of Italy as well as spectacular views of the Genoa harbor and Mount Vesuvius, was prepared for the Italia '61 Exposition in Turin. Considered cutting-edge technology at the time, the motion picture was filmed with a unique camera invented by Disney Imagineers.
Roberto de Leonardis passed away on September 21, 1984, in Rome.
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Gaudenzio Capelli
Publishing • 1997
During his nearly 33-year career, Gaudenzio Capelli helped make Mickey Mouse and other Disney characters honorary citizens of Italy. Gaudenzio served first with Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, the Disney publishing licensee in Italy, and later with Walt Disney Company Italia S.p.A. in Milan. As former director of Topolino, Italy's Mickey Mouse magazine, he worked diligently to enhance and expand Disney publishing throughout the country.
His wife, Rosalba, later recalled, "He was working, working, working all of the time and he was very happy. He never stopped developing, creating, and making things better. Quality is very important to him. He always says, 'It is best to do something well or simply do not do it.'"
Born December 7, 1929, in Milan, Gaudenzio graduated as an industrial chemist from the State University of Milan. In 1961, after military service in the Italian Army, he won an editorial position at Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, one of the most important publishing houses in Italy. He began his career there as a reader and translator of Topolino, whose editor-in-chief was then Mario Gentilini.
During the late 1960s, Gaudenzio helped develop the popular Manuali, or Disney Handbooks, a series of "how-to" manuals for children featuring Disney characters.
These provided instruction on such subjects as sports, cooking, and gardening. The success of the Manuali led to the creation of Enciclopedia Disney and Enciclopedia Disney Geografica, general knowledge books for children.
After fellow Disney Legend Gentilini retired as editor-in-chief in 1980, Gaudenzio assumed his responsibilities and expanded the translation of Topolino stories for publication in other European markets, including Germany, France, and Scandinavia. He also displayed innovative leadership beyond publishing; among his contributions, he expanded the Italian Topolino Trophy youth ski competition to include additional youth competitions in tennis, golf, swimming, fencing, and more. The Topolino Trophy quickly spread from Italy to Germany and the Scandinavian countries.
As editor-in-chief of Topolino in 1982-83, Gaudenzio appeared on 34 episodes of the children's ecology television series Vai col Verde to promote the magazine; at the time, the publication was recognized as a leader in the preservation of ecology and wildlife. When, in 1988, Topolino passed from Mondadori Publishing to Walt Disney Company Italia S.p.A., Gaudenzio became a full-fledged Disney employee. Under his continued leadership, Topolino reached an unprecedented milestone, selling more than one million copies a week in July 1992.
Gaudenzio also helped found the Disney Academy in Milan, which is dedicated to discovering and nurturing young artists and to helping develop new technologies for Disney magazines.
After developing another 40 Disney-themed magazines for children, including pre-school magazines Cip and Ciop (Chip and Dale) and Bambi, Gaudenzio Capelli retired from Walt Disney Company Italia S.p.A. on March 31, 1994.
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Horst Koblischek (1926–2002)
Consumer Products • 1997
As the creator of the Sport Goofy Trophy, Horst Koblischek took Disney's name from the tennis courts of Europe to the former Soviet Union. Beginning in 1981, and inspired by a similar program called "Trophy Topolino" in Italy, Horst developed the junior tennis tournament for German children under 14.
The tournament quickly spread throughout Europe and the world with open championships held in Monte Carlo in 1982 as well as Moscow in 1990. Such future champs as Steffi Graf, Monica Seles, and Michael Chang made their debuts on the Sport Goofy tennis courts.
Bo Boyd, then president of Disney Consumer Products, recalled, "Horst was the father of Sport Goofy. His concept was impressive and incredibly successful."
Born July 8, 1926, in Reichenberg, Czechoslovakia, Horst was the son of a shoe retailer and a homemaker. In 1943, he entered officer training school for the German Army but, by the time he graduated, World War II had ended and he was placed in a POW camp in Heilborn. Work was scarce in Germany when he was released, but in 1950 Horst won a job at a small Berlin advertising agency.
Eight years later, he moved to Frankfurt to join Disney's newly established German office as director of sales. He was promoted to managing director in 1961.
By the mid 1960s, Horst had introduced the Disney Comic Pocket Book to children. The pocket-sized books continue to be the most successful Disney publishing concept in Germany today. He also founded the Company's German record business in 1965, featuring read-alongs and recordings for children based on such Disney films as Mary Poppins.
In 1973, he inaugurated Disney's Super 8-mm film business in Germany, which grew into the lucrative home video market. In 1975, he negotiated Disney's first television contract in Germany, featuring one Mickey Mouse cartoon per week.
In 1988, as a part of Mickey Mouse's 60th birthday celebration, Horst helped organize the first Disney Film Festival in the Soviet Union. The three-city tour, which took place in Moscow, Leningrad (now St. Petersburg), and Estonia, featured special guest appearances by Roy E. Disney, then vice chairman of The Walt Disney Company, and Mickey Mouse. Audiences who had not seen a Disney animated film on the big screen since before the war readily embraced such motion pictures as Snow White and the Seven DwarfsBambi, and Fantasia. As the cold war ended in 1992, Horst re-introduced Disney characters to other Eastern European countries including Hungary, Poland, and the Czech Republic via books and publications.
After 35 years with Disney, Horst Koblischek retired in 1990. He served as a consultant until 1993, negotiating a contract to publish the first Mickey Mouse magazine in China.
Horst Koblischek passed away November 11, 2002.
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Pinto Colvig (1892–1967)
Voice • 1993
Vance DeBar "Pinto" Colvig was a virtual human library of sound effects. In an array of Disney animated films and shorts, Pinto provided spitting for grasshoppers, belching for bugs, and grunting for hogs, among other quirky sound effects. The musician, artist, and former circus clown also lent his voice to Disney's beloved character, Goofy, from the time of the character's debut in the 1932 short Mickey's Revue until Pinto's death in 1967.
A little "goofy" himself, Pinto was fond of saying, "My mother covered me with a crazy quilt when I was born and I've been clowning ever since."
Pinto's clowning came in handy when he played the voice of Practical Pig in Three Little Pigs, Grumpy and Sleepy in Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, and the grasshopper in The Grasshopper and the Ants. He even woofed for Mickey Mouse's dog, Pluto.
Born in Jacksonville, Oregon, in 1892, Vance Colvig was nicknamed "Pinto" because of his freckled face. At an early age, he learned how to make people laugh by making faces and playing puckish pranks. He spent hours mimicking the sounds around him—the rusty gate, farm animals, and village noises. Along the way, he picked up a clarinet and, at 13, began performing at county fairs, carnivals, and in vaudeville acts across the country. In 1911 he enrolled at Oregon State College, but every spring took off to perform with the circus. In 1913, he quit school to perform in the prestigious Pantages Vaudeville Circuit.
Pinto also had a knack for drawing, working for a time as a newspaper cartoonist at the San Francisco Bulletin and, later, the Chronicle. He also dabbled in early animation, starting his own studio, Pinto Cartoon Comedies, which closed when his artists were drafted to serve in World War I.
In 1921 he headed for Hollywood. Before movies became "talkies," he worked with Mack Sennett, Hollywood's then-reigning king of comedy, writing story titles, developing gags, and performing bit parts in dozens of comedies. In the 1940s and '50s, he was the original "Bozo, the Capitol Clown," providing narration for a series of storybook albums produced by Capitol Records.
Pinto's wide range of talents was a perfect match for The Walt Disney Studios. Of the hundreds of voices he lent to a myriad of Disney characters, he said Goofy was his favorite. He once called Goofy "the epitome of all the hicks in the world and the easiest to portray. I guess that's because I'm a corn-fed hick, myself."
Pinto Colvig passed away on October 3, 1967, in Los Angeles.
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Betty Lou Gerson (1914–1999)
Voice • 1996
While the winsome pups in Walt Disney's animated feature One Hundred and One Dalmatians may have stolen people's hearts, actress Betty Lou Gerson stole the show as the immortal queen of mean, Cruella De Vil. Betty Lou once said of the wickedly divine Ms. De Vil, "Cruella was such an exaggerated character, and that's exactly how I played her. She was a lot of fun, but I never expected her to become the cult figure that she became."
Disney Legend Marc Davis, who animated the sweeping, swirling, chain-smoking villainess, credited Betty Lou for inspiring his pencil work. He said, "That voice was the greatest thing I've ever had a chance to work with. A voice like Betty Lou's gives you something to do. You get a performance going there, and if you don't take advantage of it, you're off your rocker." Not only did Betty Lou's voice influence Cruella, but so did her physique. She recalled, "At the time, I was a slinky brunette with high cheekbones…"
Born in Chattanooga, Tennessee, in 1914, and raised in Birmingham, Alabama, Betty Lou first performed in a school play at the age of six. At 16 she moved to Chicago, where she eventually won her first role playing opposite Don Ameche in the popular radio serial First Nighter. Before long, she became known in the industry as the "Soap Opera Queen of Chicago;" among her radio credits were Grand Hotel and The Lux Radio Theater.
Betty Lou commented on her vocal quality, once, when she told this story. "My first husband used to make fun of my [Southern] accent. He called it a mid-Atlantic accent. He'd say: 'I know you've left New York, but I don't think you've quite arrived in England.'"
In the 1940s, she moved to Los Angeles and broke into film and television. She appeared in a string of B movies including Nightmare AlleyThe Red Menace, and Undercover Girl, while her TV credits included The Twilight ZonePerry MasonThe Untouchables, and 77 Sunset Strip.
Betty Lou first worked with Disney in 1950, when she provided the "Once upon a time…" narration for the animated classic Cinderella. She also played an old crone in Mary Poppins. When cast as Cruella De Vil, Disney's first comical and non-magical villainess, the role brought Betty Lou much notoriety. As she once said, "It's very satisfying to know that 40, 50, or 60 years from now, that work is still going to be known and loved."
Betty Lou Gerson passed away on January 12, 1999, in Los Angeles.
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Irving Ludwig (1910–2005)
Film • 1993
In 1953, when Walt and Roy Disney decided to create their own film distribution company, they called on seasoned exhibitor and distributor Irving Ludwig to help make it happen. Over the next 27 years, Irving helped grow the newly formed Buena Vista Distribution Co. to 20 regional offices in cities including Los Angeles, New York, and Chicago. The division he helped create arranged exhibition of Disney movies at theaters throughout the United States and Canada. He later recalled, "Booking theaters was always a good experience because the name 'Disney' assured exhibitors they would be showing movies that the whole family could enjoy."
Born in Russia on November 3, 1910, Irving immigrated to the United States with his family in 1920. Raised in Brooklyn, he later studied advertising and marketing at New York University. In 1929, he entered the entertainment industry as a part-time usher at New York's famed Rivoli Theatre. After making a suggestion to the owner that he replace a section of the theatre, which had become obsolete with the advent of talking pictures, with an additional 62 seats, he soon found himself promoted to house manager.
Then, in 1939, Irving was hired to manage the 8th Street Playhouse. In 1940, he opened and operated the Greenwich Village Art Theatre, the first movie house built in New York to exclusively screen foreign films. Later that same year, Irving joined The Walt Disney Studios to manage the roadshow engagements of Fantasia, in cities including New York, San Francisco, and Philadelphia.
Remembered Irving, "Back then, when you had a roadshow engagement, you had something unusual—reserved seats, two performances a day, a higher admission at $2—you made an impression upon the public."
In 1945, Irving became a full-time member of the Company's sales administration staff, helping direct motion picture promotional campaigns. Then, in 1959, after serving six years as vice president and domestic sales manager for Buena Vista Distribution Co., Irving was named its president. He went on to shape a successful program that mixed new films with reissues of Disney classic fare.
Among the high points of his career, Irving pointed to Mary Poppins, which he initially opened in only a handful of theaters until word of mouth paved its way to more movie screens. He explained, "We weren't in a position to promote it massively and we felt that a slow beginning could lead to bigger things." Indeed, at that time, Mary Poppins became Disney's greatest box office success and went on to win five Oscars®.
Irving retired in 1980. He passed away on November 26, 2005, at the age of 95, in Santa Monica, California.
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Buddy Ebsen (1908–2003)
Film & Television • 1993
Actor and dancer Buddy Ebsen shared a unique history with The Walt Disney Company. Probably best known as George Russel in the Davy Crockett television series, Buddy's tap dancing moves also served as a prototype for Walt Disney's earliest experiments in Audio-Animatronics® technology. His impeccable dancing and acting caused legendary Hollywood gossip columnist Hedda Hopper to declare Buddy, "Tops in taps or buckskins."
Born Christian Ebsen, Jr. on April 2, 1908, in Bellevue, Illinois, Buddy began hoofing at an early age in his father's dance studio. By 1928 he was cast in the chorus of Florenz Ziegfeld's Whoopee, starring Eddie Cantor, and, in the early 1930s, he and his dancing partner sister, Vilma, were headliners on Broadway.
In 1937, Buddy headed for Hollywood. Among his film credits are Broadway Melody of 1938Lucky Star, and Banjo on My Knee. His most memorable movie moment probably came when he matched steps with Shirley Temple in Captain January. Later films included Breakfast at Tiffany'sAttack, and The Interns.
In 1951, Walt Disney hired Buddy to demonstrate a dance routine; the dance was filmed, and Walt's crew analyzed the action, frame by frame, to devise a way to animate a nine-inch figure with the same movements.
As Buddy later recalled, "He took me to a room where there were seven little guys with aprons and thick glasses working on a contrivance that pulled wires and a little mechanical man that moved his arms, legs, head, and mouth."
Known as Project Little Man, this experiment launched what would become Audio-Animatronics®, the robotic technology featured in such Disney theme park attractions as Pirates of the Caribbean," Haunted Mansion, and Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln.
A few years later, for the Disneyland television show, Walt cast Buddy in the profoundly popular episodes "Davy Crockett: Indian Fighter," "Davy Crockett Goes to Congress," "Davy Crockett at the Alamo," "Davy Crockett's Keelboat Race," and "Davy Crockett and the River Pirates." In 1955, the first three episodes were combined to create a theatrical release called Davy Crockett, King of the Wild Frontier," and the latter two became a second feature. Buddy also appeared in the Disney feature The One and Only, Genuine, Original Family Band and on television in Corky and White Shadow and the Mickey Mouse Club.
In the 1960s, he starred as Jed Clampett in the popular television series The Beverly Hillbillies, followed by his role as a detective in Barnaby Jones. In 1993, he appeared in a cameo role as Barnaby Jones in the feature film The Beverly Hillbillies and published his autobiography, The Other Side of Oz.
Buddy Ebsen passed away on July 6, 2003, in Torrance, California.
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Bob Moore (1920–2001)
Animation & Film • 1996
Bob Moore had a wit as pointed as his pencil tip, and a free-wheeling imagination which he lent to Disney's animation, story, and art departments. An expert cartoonist, he is the only Disney artist to have initials of distinction placed after his name—Bob Moore, M.D. "M.D. stands for 'Mouse Draw-er,'" he once explained with a grin.
Born in Los Angeles on April 21, 1920, Bob had his sites set on a Disney career from an early age. His father, a violinist with the Los Angeles Philharmonic Orchestra, recorded music for some of the earliest Mickey Mouse animated shorts, including Plane Crazy. After graduating from Beverly Hills High School, Bob attended Chouinard Art Institute and joined Disney as an apprentice animator in 1940. There, he helped animate feature films such as DumboThe Reluctant Dragon, and The Three Caballeros.
During World War II, when the Studio produced special projects for the United States government, Bob helped animate training films for Navy pilots. He was later drafted into the Navy, and ordered to a special unit dedicated to producing animated training films. After the war he returned to Disney to serve as a story man, contributing to such animated shorts as Inferior Decorator, and package feature films including Melody Time and Make Mine Music.
In 1951, Bob was asked to head the one-man art department for publicity, which he ran for three decades. He singlehandedly developed clever promotional art concepts for Disney films and, later, its theme parks. He eventually was named creative director of marketing and designed many Disney movie posters, Christmas cards, letterheads, and logos. He also served as one of Walt Disney's official autographers, signing thousands of photographs with Walt's famous signature.
Among the highlights of Bob's prolific career was designing the commemorative Walt Disney United States postage stamp in 1968, as well as the official mascot for the 1984 Summer Olympics.
Bob incorporated the mascot, Sam the Eagle, into the logos for each Olympic event. Bob also designed murals that adorn the halls of three Walt Disney Elementary Schools located in Tullytown, Pennsylvania; Marceline, Missouri; and Anaheim, California.
Besides being named a Disney Legend, Bob's name was immortalized when a color of Disney paint was named after him; tubes of Moore Red still line the walls of the Ink and Paint department today. In his free time he often freelanced, contributing to many Disney comic books. In 1983, after 43 years of service, Bob retired from The Walt Disney Company.
Bob Moore passed away on November 20, 2001.
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Ken Annakin (1914–2009)
Film • 2002
Ken Annakin directed four motion pictures for Disney, including the live-action classic Swiss Family Robinson in 1960. A director of epic proportions, Ken lent his vision and precision to creating the $4 million film, which was considered one of Disney's most lavish movies at the time.
Shot on location on the Caribbean island of Tobago over a 22-week period, the film featured a menagerie of exotic animals including elephants, ostriches, tigers, and more. In his 2001 autobiography So You Wanna Be a Director? Ken recalled Walt Disney suggesting a scene with a tiger. Ken hesitated, however, based on a previous experience directing a tiger and suggested a lion instead.
"Oh-ho," Walt said. "At last we've found something Ken's afraid of. If you're scared to film the tiger, I'll come out with a 16 millimeter camera and shoot it myself!"
The tiger stayed in the picture.
Born in Beverley, England, on August 10, 1914, Ken was a restless young man. At 22, he took off for Australia and New Zealand for three years. His adventurous nature carried through his professional career as well; he directed movies on location in Africa, India, Scandinavia, and China.
Ken began his career in England during World War II, working on army training and documentary films as a camera assistant at the Ministry of Information. In 1947, he made his directorial debut with the comedy Holiday Camp, followed by the popular Miranda, starring Glynis Johns, and the Somerset Maugham films Quartet in 1948 and Trio in 1950.
While at Pinewood Studios in England, he was approached by Disney producer Perce Pearce to direct The Story of Robin Hood and His Merrie Men in 1952, followed by The Sword and the Rose in 1953.
A year after the box office success of Swiss Family Robinson, Ken directed Disney's Third Man on the Mountain on location in the Swiss Alps; the film featured impressive vertigo-inducing mountain climbing footage.
Disney proved a fruitful training ground for the young filmmaker, who later recalled, "Working with Walt was a great experience in learning discipline because when you worked with him, you were making his picture under his conditions. He was very organized; every picture was storyboarded before filming."
Ken used storyboards, a production technique he learned from Disney, to visually develop subsequent big-scale pictures, including The Longest Day in 1962, Those Magnificent Men in Their Flying Machines in 1964, and The Battle of the Bulge in 1965.
In 1999, The Walt Disney Studios, in conjunction with the British Academy of Film and Television Arts, Los Angeles, hosted A Tribute to Ken Annakin, featuring excerpts from 12 of his 49 motion pictures.
Ken Annakin passed away on April 22, 2009, in Beverly Hills, California,—the same day as Jack Cardiff, who had been his cinematographer on the 1979 film The Fifth Musketeer.
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Larry Lansburgh (1911–2001)
Film & Television • 1998
One of the Walt Disney Studios' premier animal lovers was Larry Lansburgh. Among the 18 television and feature productions he directed were the Academy Award®-winning The Wetback Hound in 1957 and The Horse with the Flying Tail in 1960. An accomplished horseman, Larry often filmed and directed on horseback, as he did with 1966's Run, Appaloosa, Run.
Larry was particular about his animal stars; he hand-picked magnificent creatures, many of which retired to live on his Southern California ranch. As former vice chairman Roy E. Disney recalled, "I once suggested to Larry what I thought was a great idea, that he direct a story I'd found about an ugly—although heroic—little half-breed pony. He quickly dismissed the suggestion saying, 'I don't do stories about ugly horses.'"
Born in San Francisco, California, on May 18, 1911, Larry graduated from Mt. Tamalpais School in nearby Mill Valley in 1929. A lover of horses, he gained employment as a ranch-hand in Texas before later returning to California. Through an acquaintance, he broke into the movie business as a stunt artist on such films as The Woman in Red, starring Barbara Stanwyck.
After falling from a horse and severely breaking his leg, Larry gave up stunt work and joined The Walt Disney Studios as a traffic boy in January 1938. He later said, "It was the best break I ever had because it put me behind the camera."
Larry soon moved into the Editing department and, in 1940, accompanied Walt Disney and a select group of artists on a goodwill tour of South America, on behalf of the United States government. Larry recorded the trip using a 16mm hand-held camera; some of his footage was featured in 1943's Saludos Amigos, a combination live action and animated film.
Afterwards, Larry served as an associate producer on The Three Caballeros and technical advisor and production assistant on So Dear to My Heart. In 1954, he directed Stormy, the Thoroughbred with an Inferiority Complex; in 1955, he submitted a story idea to Walt for The Littlest Outlaw, about a young boy in Mexico and his love for a horse he rescues from a bullring. Larry produced the film, which was shot in Mexico; it was filmed twice—once in English and once in Spanish—for a simultaneous release on both sides of the border. The next year, Larry won an Oscar® nomination for his featurette Cow Dog.
In 1971, after more than 30 years at The Walt Disney Studios, Larry Lansburgh retired to his Oregon ranch. There, he continued to produce films including Disney's ChesterYesterday's HorseRunaway on the Rogue River, and Twister, Bull from the Sky.
Larry Lansburgh passed away on March 25, 2001, in Burbank, California.
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André Vanneste (1927–1995)
Consumer Products • 1997
In 1958, when Walt Disney was scouting new ideas for Disneyland at the World's Fair in Brussels, he called on the company's Benelux representative, Andre Vanneste, to help get him into the exposition without being noticed by the press. Didier Vanneste, son of Andre, recalled, "Walt wanted to visit the exposition like a regular tourist. My father got him into the exposition, but the journalists recognized Walt even though he was incognito wearing a hat and sunglasses. Walt was well known in Belgium. There, he was considered the number one friend of all children."
While Andre was Disney's number one friend in Belgium, Didier said:
"Whatever my father did for the Company, it was as though he was doing it for himself or for his own family. He cared very much for Disney and treated the business very personally, whether he was signing a contract or spending a penny."
Andre was born in Brussels, Belgium, on May 12, 1927. At age 16, during World War II, he volunteered with the Belgian Red Cross on a rescue team which saved victims from buildings bombed by the Nazis. Two years later, in 1945, he was presented a Red Cross Award for his acts of bravery.
After the war, in 1946, he graduated from the St. Louis Commercial School in Brussels, where he had studied business and finance. He first served as a sales representative for a Belgium brewery, and, in 1948, Andre entered the film industry as a representative for Universal Pictures in Brussels. During this time he met Armand Bigle, who he later joined at Screpta Brussels; this was the Swiss/Benelux agency for Walt Disney Productions, founded by Bigle in 1947. There, Andre served as manager of the commercial department, helping promote Disney publications throughout the country.
He was soon promoted to director of the agency and, during this time, signed a contract with one of the largest publishing houses in Europe, VNU, in Haarlem, The Netherlands. Subsequently, Andre helped create an extensive portfolio of Disney magazines, published by VNU, while breathing life into existing publications, such as the Donald Duck Magazine.
Under his leadership, the magazine achieved great popularity in The Netherlands, selling as many as 380,000 issues a week.
In 1973, Walt Disney Productions purchased Screpta Brussels and Andre became an official member of the Company. Around this same time, he expanded his focus from publishing to merchandising and sales promotion, developing corporate promotional tie-ins with Disney animated releases such as Cinderella and Peter Pan. After serving more than 40 years, he retired as vice president and managing director of The Walt Disney Company (Benelux) S.A. in 1993.
Andre Vanneste passed away on May 2, 1995, in Brussels.
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Bill Peet (1915–2002)
Animation • 1996
Artist Bill Peet had a knack for developing stories, and significantly influenced such Disney animated classics as DumboOne Hundred and One Dalmatians, and The Sword in the Stone. His powers of observation, according to fellow Disney Legends Ollie Johnston and Frank Thomas, "enabled him to catch the essence of everything he drew, whether it be a boxcar on a freight train or a Bavarian dwarf living under a lily pad." Disney sketch artist and storyman Ralph Wright recalled Bill as one of the few artists "who dreamed up real characters that lived and breathed and thought and came from the heart of the story artist."
Born January 29, 1915, in Grandview, Indiana, Bill grew up in Indianapolis.
As a child, he ignored his family's poverty by sketching upbeat drawings and writing fanciful stories.
At the time, he didn't dream he could grow up and make a living doing what he loved—drawing and writing—because "it was too much fun." During high school, however, he won a scholarship to Herron Art Institute, and his life changed. "My life really began there," he later said. "I could see the light."
After briefly working for an Ohio greeting card company, he moved west. In 1937, he was hired as an apprentice animator at The Walt Disney Studios and worked on the first feature-length animated film, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. A year later, Bill moved into the Story Department. There, he contributed to such Disney films as PinocchioFantasiaThe Three CaballerosCinderellaPeter PanAlice in WonderlandSleeping BeautySong of the South, and The Jungle Book.
During the 1950s Bill also worked on shorts, such as Susie, The Little Blue Coupe and Lambert, the Sheepish Lion, and television programs, including the Disneyland series. He eventually became the sole developer of the animated features One Hundred and One Dalmatians and The Sword in the Stone, for which he drew the characters, wrote the screenplays, and directed the actors' voice performances.
In 1959 Bill published his first children's book, Hubert's Hare-Raising Adventure. Then, in 1964, after nearly 30 years with The Walt Disney Company, he retired to pursue a full-time career as a children's writer. Bill subsequently wrote and illustrated more than 35 children's tales, which were translated into a multitude of languages.
His best-selling work is his 1989 book, Bill Peet: An Autobiography, which won him the Southern California Children's Book Writer's medal and was named one of four Caldecott Honor Books.
Bill passed away on May 11, 2002, in Studio City, California.
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Al Milotte (1905–1989) & Elma Milotte (1907–1989)
Film • 1998
In 1948, Walt Disney viewed a short wildlife film by Alfred and Elma Milotte. Inspired by what he saw, Walt contacted the couple and, without a specific project in mind, hired them to film on location in the Alaska wilderness. The result was the first of Disney's celebrated True-Life Adventure films, Seal Island, which won an Academy Award®.
Al later recalled, "Walt was great. He said, 'Just go out and get some good pictures.' He never told us how to do it. He gave us independence."
With the success of Seal Island, the Milottes continued to travel the globe for the True-Life Adventures series, which were released between 1948 and 1960, and the People and Places travelogue films, released from 1953 to 1960. During their Disney career, the Milottes' films won a total of six Oscars®, including Beaver ValleyThe Alaskan EskimoBear CountryNature's Half Acre, and Water Birds.
Al Milotte was born in Appleton, Wisconsin, in 1905, and Elma was born in Seattle, Washington, in 1907. The couple met in Seattle and headed north to Ketchikan, Alaska, where they were married. There, they owned and operated a photography studio. They later broke into the lecture circuit, traveling the United States and showing films they produced about Alaska.
During World War II, the Milottes temporarily stopped producing wildlife pictures, while Al made instructional films for North American Aviation. After the war ended, they resumed filming scenes of Alaska.
About this same time, Walt had taken an interest in the nation's last frontier, Alaska, and had even traveled there. He contacted a wildlife magazine editor who suggested he see the Milottes' work, which he did. Walt was particularly enamored by the couple's humorous sequence of bears scratching themselves.
For the next decade, Walt kept the couple busy crisscrossing the globe. Among their stops were Florida, where they filmed Prowlers of the Everglades; Australia, where they photographed Nature's Strangest Creatures; and Africa, where they lived for three years while filming The African Lion.
Elma had a theory about their unique relationship with wildlife. She once said, "I think the animals know we aren't predators. When hunters come into an area, the animals stay away for days."
The Milottes' work also appeared on television, in segments of the Mickey Mouse Club, and in a personal story called "Cameras in Africa," featuring an introduction by Walt Disney.
In 1959, Al and Elma retired to Sumner, Washington, where they wrote three books: The Story of the PlatypusThe Story of the Hippopotamus, and The Story of an Alaskan Grizzly Bear. They also filmed a seagull sequence for Alfred Hitchcock's The Birds.
Elma Milotte passed away on April 19, 1989, and Al Milotte followed her five days later.
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Rex Allen (1922–1999)
Film & Television • 1996
Cowboy Rex Allen performed as a narrator, singer, and actor in more than 40 Disney westerns, primarily for the Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color television series. Among his film and television credits are Pancho, the Fastest Paw in the WestThe Legend of Lobo, and Charlie, the Lonesome Cougar.
Fans remember Rex as the honey-voiced baritone who, guitar in hand and astride his horse Koko, epitomized the spirit of the West.
A true cowboy, Rex owned no other clothes but western togs and boots. He once recalled Walt's reaction when he arrived at the Studio wearing a borrowed suit. Rex said, "Walt came up to me and said, 'Hardly recognized you incognito.'"
Born December 31, 1922, in Willcox, Arizona, Rex started his life on a remote ranch. There, he quickly learned to ride, rope, and shoot, as well as haul water, split wood, and hoe weeds. As a boy, he loved to sing in the church choir. His high school music teacher, who recognized his talent, encouraged him to study music. Despite winning a scholarship to Eastern Arizona Junior College for his solo of "Lost in London Town," Rex decided instead to hit the dusty trail, performing in rodeos, night clubs, and on the radio.
In 1944, he won a singing gig on WLS in Chicago that lasted more than four years until he earned his very own Rex Allen Radio Show for CBS. He then lassoed a contract with Republic Pictures to make his first movie, The Arizona Cowboy. Rex went on to appear in more than 30 Republic Westerns, including Under Mexicali StarsThunder in God's Country, and The Old Overland Trail.
A talented composer, Rex also penned more than 300 compositions. His records ranked among the nation's top sellers, including the single "Crying in the Chapel" and his album Under Western Skies.
It wasn't long before the "Voice of the West" moved into television, appearing in such popular series as Frontier Doctor. In 1956, he began his association with The Walt Disney Studios when he narrated Cow Dog, which was nominated for an Academy Award®. His other Disney credits include The Incredible JourneyA Country Coyote Goes HollywoodRingo, the Refugee RaccoonHorse of the WestThe Feather FarmThe Wahoo Bobcat, and My Family Is a Menagerie, among others.
Rex also lent his voice to Disney theme parks, performing live at Disneyland on numerous occasions. He might best be remembered for providing the voice of "Father" in General Electric's Carousel of Progress, which debuted at the 1964-65 New York World's Fair and subsequently appeared at Disneyland and Walt Disney World. An updated version of the show, which debuted in 1993, features Rex in the role of Grandfather.
Rex Allen passed away on December 17, 1999, in Tucson, Arizona.
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Adriana Caselotti (1916–1997)
Voice • 1994
Adriana Caselotti never lost her sense of fun and enthusiasm for the Disney character she played in 1937—Snow White. At the drop of a hat, Disney's first ingenue of the animated screen would burst into a chorus of the songs that made her famous: "I'm Wishing," "Some Day My Prince Will Come," and "Whistle While You Work." At home in Los Angeles, she proudly displayed a "wishing well" on her front lawn. Reportedly, Adriana remembered every line, verse, and nuance of her most famous role.
As she recalled in 1987, "I'd never worked in show business before (Snow White). I feel very blessed. Not everyone gets the chance to be part of a genuine classic like Snow White."
Born in Bridgeport, Connecticut, on May 6, 1916, Adriana was born into a musical family and began to sing almost before she could talk. Her father, Guido, taught music in New York, while her mother, Maria, had performed at the Royal Opera in London. Her sister, Louise, was a famous opera singer and teacher of Maria Callas.
Adriana was educated at an Italian convent, San Getulio, near Rome, while her mother performed in the Opera. After returning to the United States, she studied singing with her father. She was 18 when her father received a phone call from a Disney casting director, inquiring if any of his students might have a suitable voice for the lead female role in Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. More than 150 girls had already auditioned for the part, including Deanna Durbin, but Walt Disney still had not found the right voice.
Adriana happened to pick up an extension and, while listening to her father's conversation, chimed in, "Listen to me—wouldn't my voice do?" Indeed it did, and, over the next year, her voice was tested, songs were recorded, and the Disney animators studied her gestures for inspiration.
After the success of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Adriana went on to make radio guest appearances in New York and Hollywood. She played bit parts in several movies, including The Wizard of Oz, and later authored a "how-to" book, "Do You Like to Sing?"
Over the years and many reissues of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, including its 50th Anniversary re-release in 1987, Adriana actively participated in publicity events and television specials celebrating the famous film. Infinitely proud of her contribution to Disney's legacy, she told a reporter in 1995, "I know that my voice will never die."
Adriana Caselotti passed away on January 19, 1997, in Los Angeles.
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Paul Kenworthy (1925–2010)
Film • 1998
With the success of the True-Life Adventures series, photographers around the country inundated Walt Disney with endless reels of wildlife film footage. But it was the striking images by N. Paul Kenworthy of insect life on the great American desert that caught Walt's eye. He was so impressed with Paul's unusual film sequences that he hired the college student to return to the desert and gather more footage.
Roy O. Disney later recalled that Paul "practically lived down in the desert, like a desert rat, many months, in his little hut with cameras all set up, photographing tarantulas and lizards and desert flowers blooming. And we got the most wonderful batch of material…"
Paul's footage was subsequently assembled with other freelance material to create the Studio's first feature-length True-Life Adventure, The Living Desert, which garnered an Academy Award® for best documentary in 1953.
The film featured breathtaking sequences such as a pepsis wasp battling a tarantula, and a king snake pursuing baby kangaroo rats underground; it also led to more assignments for the fledgling filmmaker.
Born Norman Paul Kenworthy, Jr. on February 14, 1925, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Paul received his bachelor's degree in economics from Cornell University in Ithaca, New York. He followed this with a master's degree in motion pictures from the University of California, Los Angeles, in 1953.
After the initial success of The Living Desert, his masterful photography of prairie dogs and other animals appeared in Disney's The Vanishing Prairie in 1954. It, too, won an Academy Award for best documentary. Paul then went on to co-direct Perri, the story of a female squirrel's life cycle, with Ralph Wright. In his book The Disney Films, critic Leonard Maltin called the True-Life Fantasy, which featured live-action and animated sequences, "a truly dazzling accomplishment."
Paul directed "Rusty and the Falcon," the story of a boy who finds an injured falcon and tries to train him, for the Walt Disney Presents television series in 1958. He also developed a story about the first ascent of the Matterhorn in Switzerland, which became the 1959 live-action feature Third Man on the Mountain, starring James MacArthur.
Paul then returned to Pennsylvania to care for his family's wool business, but, by 1962, he returned to the film industry, shooting television commercials in New York and Los Angeles.
His interest in motion picture camera work led him to help develop what became known as the Kenworthy/Nettmann Snorkel Camera, a remote-controlled periscope system originally developed to film architectural models, for which he received an Academy Technical Award in 1977.
Paul passed away on October 15, 2010, in Ventura, California.
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Armand Palivoda (1906–1960)
Film • 1997
Armand Palivoda, who distributed Disney motion pictures in Switzerland, was a friend of the Company and of the Disney family. Roy E. Disney once recalled, "Armand once took very good care of a young, married couple, me and my wife, Patty, when we were visiting Switzerland. He even helped get me a good deal on a Patek Philippe watch for Patty one Christmas. Armand was a good friend of my dad's [Roy O. Disney] and a trusted advisor to him, too."
Armand's son Robert Palivoda recalled, "It was like a big family. My father used to meet with Roy O. Disney, who traveled to Switzerland at least once a year. On several occasions, my father organized a Disney congress in our home and all the film exhibitors of Switzerland were invited to these festivities where Roy would talk about the Company and its future.
"Whenever he visited, he made us feel like family because he was always communicating on a personal, down-to-earth level."
Born in Geneva, Switzerland, in 1906, Armand was the son of a tailor and a homemaker. He left school at 14 to work in a factory that produced bed sheets. Then, at age 20, he took a job as a traveling salesman in the fledgling film industry in Switzerland. He later started his own film distribution company in Geneva, which went out of business in 1933. He then moved to Paris for a time, where he worked for Le Films Osso, until 1936, when he returned to Switzerland.
The next year, Armand joined RKO as manager of its Swiss office and was responsible for distributing and promoting motion pictures throughout the country, including Disney animated classics. Robert recalled, "My father orchestrated great promotions with Disney. I remember, every Christmas a new animated picture was released, and the theaters and the streets of Geneva were decorated in theme. For my father, Disney films were a joy to promote because they were so universal and unique."
Then, in 1958, when Walt Disney decided to produce the live-action Third Man on the Mountain on location in Zermatt, Armand helped lay the groundwork. He established Swiss contacts for the production team, and conducted on-site publicity. Around the same time, he purchased the Swiss distribution arm of RKO, changing its name to Parkfilm, and continued to distribute and promote Disney animated and live-action films throughout the country.
Robert added, "My father was well-loved by the Swiss press and business colleagues. I still meet people today who say, 'he was one of a kind.'"
Armand Palidova passed away on November 11, 1960, in Geneva.
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Gunnar Mansson (1927–2007)
Consumer Products • 1997
Gunnar Mansson was not only Disney's representative in the Nordic countries of Norway, Finland, Denmark, Iceland, and Sweden, but he was also its most eligible bachelor.
As his wife, Yvette, later said, "When we married, Gunnar was a 64-year-old bachelor!
The company's co-founder, Roy Disney Sr., used to always ask, 'Why aren't you married, yet?' And Gunnar, who was very good looking and had gorgeous girlfriends, would reply, 'Why do you want me to be married?' Roy answered, "Because you're the only one of our company representatives who isn't married and we can't keep tabs on you!'"
Born July 17, 1927, in Stockholm, Sweden, to a merchant and an administrative secretary, Gunnar studied commerce at the University of Stockholm. In 1947, he enlisted with the Swedish Air Force as part of compulsory national service, and served as a pilot outside of Stockholm. He joined the Phillips Company in Stockholm in 1949; during his four years with the Dutch company, he marketed such products as records, radios, and record players.
Then, in 1953, he won a position with Kellogg's in Copenhagen, marketing its line of breakfast cereals in Sweden and Norway. While there, he became personally acquainted with the Disney company. Kellogg's was one of Disney's character licensees, developing free Disney-themed prizes for children, hidden in cereal boxes, as well as character cut-outs featured on the back of boxes.
Ten years later, Gunnar received an unexpected invitation to join Disney from its then-head of merchandising, O.B. Johnston. He became manager of Disney's Stockholm office, and was promoted to managing director when it moved to Copenhagen a year later.
In that position, Gunnar juggled many areas of responsibility. These included merchandising, promotions, character licensing, music, educational materials, and publishing in all five Nordic countries. Among his contributions, he oversaw publication of a popular 32-page Donald Duck magazine (known as Anders And & Co. in Danish and Kalle Anka in Swedish), which was published by Gutenberghus beginning in the late 1960s. The magazine, which featured Disney comics as well as promotions for the Company's films, toys, records, and other products, quickly grew to a combined circulation of one million readers per week. Gunnar recalled, "The magazine was directed toward children, but many adults read it, too. I guess you could say, it was really aimed at families and, as a result, was a tremendous success."
After more than 25 years establishing the image of Disney in the Nordic countries, Gunnar Mansson retired from The Walt Disney Company in 1989. He and his wife lived in Australia after his retirement. Gunnar passed away in 2007.
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Wilfred Jackson (1906–1988)
Animation • 1998
Walt Disney first came to rely upon Wilfred Jackson's genius and sense of perfection in 1928, the year Mickey Mouse was born. It was the age of silent movies, but Walt had a notion to marry music and animation. Newly arrived in the Studio's animation department, Wilfred devised a method of synchronizing animation with music by using a metronome that could then be converted to a music track. The innovation, which was featured in Mickey Mouse's debut film Steamboat Willie, revolutionized the entertainment medium and competing studios spent more than a year trying to figure out Disney's production "secret."
Walt quickly promoted "Jaxon," as he was called, from animator to director.
As Frank Thomas and Ollie Johnston wrote in their book Disney Animation: The Illusion of Life, "Jaxon was easily the most creative of the directors, but he was also the most 'picky' and took a lot of kidding about his thoroughness."
Born in Chicago on January 24, 1906, Jaxon enrolled at Otis Art Institute in Los Angeles in 1925. Three years later, just before Charlie Mintz stole Walt's Oswald the Lucky Rabbit character, Jaxon began hanging around The Walt Disney Studios. It was a poor time to ask for a job, but he volunteered to wash cels and assist animators; one day, he found himself holding a paycheck. He later said, "I'm the only guy [at Disney] who was never hired."
He quickly moved up the ranks to animator, contributing to the Silly Symphony shorts. After Steamboat Willie, Jaxon went on to direct 35 shorts, three of which won Academy Awards®: The Tortoise and the HareThe Country Cousin, and The Old Mill. Probably the greatest example of his skill in synching action to music was The Band Concert, starring Mickey Mouse.
Jaxon also applied his talent to 11 animated features including Snow White and the Seven DwarfsPinocchioDumboSaludos AmigosMelody TimeCinderellaAlice in WonderlandPeter Pan, and Lady and the Tramp. He directed such memorable sequences as "Night on Bald Mountain" in Fantasia, and all cartoon and combination live-action footage in Song of the South. During the war years, he also produced and directed government films for the United States Navy.
In 1954, as Walt entered the new medium of television, he asked Jaxon to produce and direct animated shows for the Disneyland series. During the next four years he directed 13 shows, including "The Story of the Animated Drawing." After nearly 35 years with The Walt Disney Studios, he retired in 1961.
Wilfred Jackson passed away on August 7, 1988, in Newport Beach, California.
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Mary Costa
Voice • 1999
Walt Disney gave opera diva Mary Costa her first professional singing job, playing the voice of Princess Aurora in his 1959 animated classic Sleeping Beauty. Only 22 at the time, she later recalled, "I really had no experience, but by the time the movie was released, I was singing in the opera. It was a very fast, exciting time for me."
Born in Knoxville, Tennessee, on April 5, 1930, Mary showed her musical ability at an early age, singing Sunday School solos at the age of six. At 14, she moved to Hollywood with her parents, Hazel and John, and soon won a Music Sorority award as the outstanding voice among Southern California high school seniors.
While studying for the concert stage, the glamorous blue-eyed blonde performed with Edgar Bergen and Charlie McCarthy on radio and with Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis on stage. In 1952, she attended a party with her future husband, director Frank Tashlin; she happened to connect with the right people, and soon found herself auditioning for the part of Disney's Princess Aurora.
Within hours of her audition, Walt called Mary at home. The lyric soprano, with an agile coloratura range, won the role of Sleeping Beauty; her graceful voice helped make "I Wonder" and "Once Upon A Dream" Disney music classics.
Mary went on to become "one of the most beautiful women to grace the operatic stage," according to the New York Times. She performed in 44 operatic roles on stages throughout the United States and Europe; these included the title role of Massenet's Manon at the Met, and the lead in La Traviata at the Royal Opera House in London. She also appeared with many of Hollywood's big names, including Bing Crosby, Frank Sinatra, and Jack Benny.
Among other highlights of her career, Mary was honored when Jackie Kennedy asked her to sing at a memorial service for her husband, former U.S. President John F. Kennedy, which was telecast throughout the world from the Los Angeles Sports Arena in 1963. Nine years later, she starred in the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer feature The Great Waltz, depicting the life of Austrian composer Johann Strauss. To this day, however, Mary still considers Sleeping Beauty to be the finest moment of her career.
"Of all the operatic roles I've performed," she said, "Sleeping Beauty is special to me because it's the one that keeps me close to young people."
Mary has dedicated her time to inspiring children and teenagers, giving motivational talks at schools and colleges across the country. She has also served as an ambassador for Childhelp USA, which ministers to the needs of abused children.
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Norman "Stormy" Palmer (1918–2013)
Film • 1998
One of The Walt Disney Studio's most celebrated film editors was Norman "Stormy" Palmer, who left indelible marks on many Disney feature films. These included The Living Desert in 1952, The Incredible Journey in 1963, and The Gnome-Mobile in 1967. He is probably best known, however, for his contributions to Disney nature films, including Water Birds and the innovative CinemaScope short Grand Canyon. This pictorial interpretation of composer Ferde Grofé's famed suite featured no narration or dialogue.
His onetime assistant, former company vice chairman Roy E. Disney, once recalled, "I particularly remember Stormy's work on the film 'Water Birds.' For one sequence, he cut images of birds flying to Liszt's Second Hungarian Rhapsody. This was the Studio's Fantasia of the nature films, and not only did it create a whole new genre, but it won an Academy Award®. After that, virtually every one of our True-Life Adventures had a sequence like this until, ultimately, Stormy edited the film Grand Canyon Suite, which was cut to the Grand Canyon Suite, winning yet another Oscar®."
Born on October 7, 1918, in Santa Ana, California, Norman Palmer was nicknamed by his father. Stormy recalled, "He hung the name on me when I was one or two years old—I'm not sure if I deserved it or not, but it stuck."
In 1937, he graduated from Hollywood High School and submitted an application to the nearby Walt Disney Studios. He then headed north to work on a ranch in Oregon and, while there, received a phone call from his father saying the Studio wanted to hire him.
He joined Disney as a projectionist in 1938, but soon transferred to the Editorial department where he worked on such films as Pinocchio and Fantasia. When World War II interrupted his career, he joined director John Ford at the Field Photographic Branch of the Office of Strategic Services. There, he edited films for the Joint Chiefs of Staff in Washington, D.C. Stormy later transferred overseas, where he worked as an aerial photographer taking surveillance photos of European countries, including England, France, and Italy.
He returned to Disney after the war, editing films including Make Mine Music and Melody Time. When Walt began producing the True-Life Adventure series, Stormy edited such Oscar winners as The Living DesertBeaver Valley, and White Wilderness. Other films he contributed to included The African Lion and Nature's Half Acre.
Stormy also contributed to more than 20 Disney television shows including Atta Girl KellyThe Best Doggone Dog in the World, and One Day at Teton Marsh. He retired from The Walt Disney Studios in 1983, after 45 years of service.
Norman "Stormy" Palmer passed away on March 23, 2013, in Northridge, California.
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Wally Feignoux (1906–1981)
Film • 1997
As Disney's continental cinema representative in Paris, Wally Feignoux went above and beyond the call of duty. During the 1930s and '40s, he not only ably represented the Company's interests to its motion picture distributor at the time, RKO, but he made heroic contributions by keeping Disney's Paris office open during the Nazi occupation from 1939 to 1945.
As his sister, Jacqueline Vieuille, recalled, "Wally had been brought up by our parents that you have to do your duty no matter the circumstances. He was proud to represent Disney and felt passion for his work. During the Occupation, when it was a danger to stay in the 52 Champs-Elysee building, where, coincidentally, the German 'Propaganda Stafel' was also located, Wally struggled to keep Disney's office open."
Born Raoul Wallace Feignoux on March 26, 1906, in Paris, Wally was the son of a pharmacist and a homemaker. After studying at Nassillon and Lycee Charlemagne in Paris, he entered the import/export business supplying textiles to the women's fashion industry.
In the early 1930s, he entered the film industry as a sales representative for Fox Movietone. During this time, he met Walt and Roy O. Disney through a mutual friend and, subsequently, joined the Company in 1936. With a staff of ten, he was responsible for supervising RKO's distribution of Disney films throughout Continental Europe.
Hitler seized Paris three years later and, at great risk to himself, Wally surreptitiously buried all the Disney film prints in his possession to keep them out of Nazi hands.
Fellow Legend and former head of European merchandising Armand Bigle later said, "It was a very dangerous thing for him to do. But Wally made sure the films were safe, and that they were returned to the Studio after the war."
Upon Allied victory, one of Wally's first tasks was to book Fantasia at a Paris theater. According to Bigle, this proved to be a challenge; French theater owners thought the movie might be too sophisticated for audiences. Wally proved persuasive, however, and on November 6, 1946, Fantasia premiered at the Empire Theater. Apparently French audiences enjoyed the film; on February 5, 1947, an RKO press release touted that Fantasia was enjoying its 10th successful week in Paris.
Wally later supervised the translation of all Disney motion pictures into the French language and, in 1963, helped the Company establish its own independent distribution arm in France. After devoting 35 years to Disney, he retired in 1971.
Wally Feignoux passed away on May 30, 1981, in Bordeaux, France.
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Armand Bigle (1917–2007)
Consumer Products • 1997
In 1949, when Armand Bigle was asked by Company co-founder Roy O. Disney to accept a commission sales job, opening new territories for Disney in Europe for 30 percent of the gross, he had to think about it. After all, it offered no salary. Roy E. Disney, son of Roy O. Disney, later recalled:
"At the time, we had no significant merchandising business in Europe. Once Armand accepted the position, however, the deal soon had to be re-negotiated because he grew the business rather wildly."
"Armand was always full of outrageous marketing ideas," Roy added. "When Davy Crockett: King of the Wild Frontier was released, he had my wife, Patty, and his wife, Betty, walking up and down the famed Champs- Elysees wearing coonskin caps—he wanted to create a new fashion rage in Paris."
Indeed, Armand is known as Disney's Godfather of Europe. By generating the creation of Disney toys and publications in more than a dozen countries, he helped bring the Disney name to households throughout the continent. He also laid the foundation of what would become a multibillion-dollar enterprise.
Born in Paris on November 13, 1917, Armand graduated with a law degree from the University of Paris in 1938. During World War II he worked as a correspondent for Opera Mundi, a news agency serving the Western European press, covering activities in Belgium and Holland.
In 1946, he happened to interview Walt Disney for a feature article. During their meeting, said Armand, Walt turned the tables and began to interview him. Subsequently, Armand received several letters from The Walt Disney Studios in Burbank until, the following year, Company co-founder Roy O. Disney traveled to meet him in Brussels.
He soon founded his own company, Screpta Brussels, to serve as representative for Walt Disney Productions in Benelux and Switzerland. He launched the successful Mickey Magazine, which sold more than 60,000 issues a week in Belgium.
Based on the magazine's success, Roy asked Armand to relocate to Paris to serve as the Company's premier European special sales representative. In that position, he was charged with the awesome task of opening new territories for Disney merchandise and publications by recruiting licensees in such countries as Russia, Switzerland, Italy, Germany, Spain, Portugal, Yugoslavia, Greece, Israel, Indonesia, Benelux, and the Middle East. Armand later said, "It was a challenge to open in these countries; many were still recuperating from the war."
After serving Disney for more than 40 years, Armand Bigle retired in 1988. He passed away on August 25, 2007, in Paris.
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Arnoldo Mondadori (1889–1972)
Publishing • 1997
In the Italian children's magazine Topolino, European publishing legend Arnoldo Mondadori treated Mickey Mouse with the same respect he afforded such classical authors as Thomas Mann, Ernest Hemingway, and Gabriele D'Annunzio.
Mondadori's company published Topolino from 1935 to 1988. As former director of Topolino, Gaudenzio Capelli, recalled, "Arnoldo had a keen intuition for discovering new authors such as Pirandello and D'Annunzio. From the moment he first saw Mickey Mouse, he had a feeling he'd become a big Italian star."
Born November 2, 1889, in the village of Poggio Rusco, Italy, Arnoldo was the son of a farmer and a homemaker. At a young age, he won a job in a typography shop and, by 15, achieved a dream by publishing his very own newspaper, La Luce.
His dream did not stop there, however, and Arnoldo continued to work tirelessly to develop other books and publications. Eventually, he established one of Europe's most prestigious publishing houses, Arnoldo Mondadori Editore. He published consumer magazines, such as Time, and books, ranging from classical literature to reference works.
In 1935, Arnoldo first saw Disney's Topolino magazine, which was then printed in newspaper size by the publisher Nerbini in Florence. He fell in love with Topolino and felt he could do more for the image of Disney's cartoon star if he were publisher of the monthly magazine. So, Arnoldo arranged a personal introduction to Walt and Roy O. Disney and, subsequently, convinced them of his ability to gain a larger audience for Mickey in Italy.
Capelli added, "When Arnoldo met Walt and Roy Disney, they did not speak Italian and he did not speak English. Yet within a few minutes they reached an agreement that he would publish Topolino in Italy."
Upon gaining rights to the magazine, the publishing genius immediately changed its format to pocket size, so children could easily carry it with them and share it with their friends. This simple innovation, along with Arnoldo's ability to develop appealing editorial and artistic content, propelled the magazine to extraordinary success at the time, selling 200,000 issues per month. With the success of Topolino, Arnoldo went on to publish Donald Duck magazine, as well as other Disney comic books.
Of all the authors and publications Arnoldo ever dealt with, he held a special spot in his heart for Mickey Mouse. According to former employees, Arnoldo would personally check the work in Topolino every night before he went to sleep.
Arnoldo Mondadori loved his work and never retired. He passed away on July 1, 1972, in Milan.
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Ben Sharpsteen (1895–1980)
Animation & Film • 1998
When Ben Sharpsteen joined The Walt Disney Studios in 1929, he quickly became Walt's right-hand man for animated and live-action film production. As Walt once wrote, "Concerning Ben Sharpsteen and his contributions to the development of the Disney organization, I want to say he played a very important part."
Born in Tacoma, Washington, on November 4, 1895, Ben was raised in Alameda, California. He studied agriculture at the University of California at Davis and, in 1917, joined the United States Marines serving in World War I.
A gifted artist, he won a job after the war with the Hearst International Film Service, working on such early animated series as Happy Hooligan. He went on to work as an animator at Paramount, Jefferson Films, and the Max Fleischer Studio in New York.
A mutual friend recommended Ben to Walt Disney, who sent a letter inviting him to visit the Studio in Los Angeles. The day Ben arrived, Walt showed his prospective employee Mickey Mouse cartoons. "My first reaction," Ben later recalled, "was that they were excellent, compared to animation I knew…"
Walt valued Ben for his New York studio experience and hired him at $125 a week, a salary higher than his own, $50, and that of top animator Ub Iwerks, who was making $90.
For the next six years, Ben animated on 97 Mickey Mouse cartoons, including Mickey's FolliesThe Chain Gang, and Mickey's Revue, as well as some Silly Symphonies. In 1933, at Walt's request, he established an in-house animation training program and acted as a talent scout, recruiting such stellar artists as Disney Legend Bill Tytla.
The next year, Ben directed the first of 21 animated shorts, Two Gun Mickey, and when the Studio moved into feature-length animation he served as a sequence director on Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. He would go on to serve as supervising co-director on Pinocchio and production supervisor on FantasiaCinderella, and Alice in Wonderland.
In 1947, Ben produced his first live-action film, Seal Island. It was the first of the True-Life Adventures series, and won an Oscar® for the Studio. He went on to produce 12 of the 13 True-Life Adventures, eight of which earned Academy Awards®.
During the 1950s, Ben also produced the "People and Places" series; three of these earned Oscars: The Alaskan EskimoMen Against the Arctic, and The Ama Girls. In 1954, Ben began producing the Disneyland television series and appeared on its first episode. After 33 years with the company, he retired in 1962.
Ben Sharpsteen passed away on December 20, 1980, in Calistoga, California, where he founded the Sharpsteen Museum, which is dedicated to the area's pioneers.
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Lloyd Richardson (1915–2002)
Film • 1998
Lloyd Richardson contributed his editing skills to an array of Disney animated and live-action motion pictures. These included, most notably, the Studio's nature and animal films including the 1954 Academy-Award® winning True-Life Adventure The Vanishing Prairie.
Former vice chairman of The Walt Disney Company Roy E. Disney once described his former boss: "Lloyd exemplified the editor as a creative force. He was an original thinker who didn't just make one cut match another cut, but always considered the whole story."
Born in Portland, Oregon, on April 21, 1915, Lloyd attended Los Angeles City College in Southern California. During the Depression, he quit school to work a variety of odd jobs at such companies as Eastman Kodak and Adohr Dairy.
In 1937, he landed a position as a traffic boy running errands at The Walt Disney Studios. Before long, however, Lloyd moved to the Editorial department. There, he began to learn his craft on such films as Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs and Pinocchio.
For the next four decades, Lloyd worked as an editor-at-large on a variety of projects. He worked in foreign editing, matching languages such as Italian and Portuguese to animation. During World War II, he helped edit training films produced by the Studio for the United States Armed Forces.
After the war, Lloyd went on to edit the animated features Saludos AmigosThe Three CaballerosMake Mine Music, and Alice in Wonderland, as well as the combination live-action/animated features Song of the South and So Dear to My Heart. Around the same time, Walt Disney began developing the Studio's True-Life Adventures series, of which Lloyd edited the Academy Award-winning Bear Country in 1953, as well as The Vanishing Prairie.
As television began to proliferate during the 1950s, Walt asked Lloyd to direct and edit segments for the Disneyland television series. As fellow editor and Disney Legend Stormy Palmer recalled, "Lloyd gave his all to the Disneyland series. His work was impeccable."
Lloyd went on to contribute to more than 50 television projects in all, including Disney's first color broadcast, An Adventure in Color: Mathmagic Land, in 1961. That same year, he won the American Cinema Editors Award for his contributions to the telefilm Chico, The Misunderstood Coyote.
In 1969, Lloyd helped create the animated featurette It's Tough To Be a Bird, with director and fellow Legend Ward Kimball, which won an Oscar® for Best Short Subject.
After more than 40 years with The Walt Disney Studios, Lloyd retired in 1980. He passed away on February 19, 2002.
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Donn Tatum (1913–1993)
Administration • 1993
For more than 25 years, Donn Tatum served in senior executive roles with The Walt Disney Company. A low-key fellow, who ran the show with an iron hand, Donn worked with Roy O. Disney to complete the Herculean task of building Walt Disney World. He subsequently teamed with then Company president Card Walker to develop Epcot Center.
As Disney's former chief executive officer (CEO), Donn was particularly impressive in the way he conducted the annual stockholder's meetings. Former Company vice chairman, Roy E. Disney, once recalled:
"I loved to watch Donn in action. He was an excellent communicator and deft in his ability to handle the myriad of questions posed by stockholders."
Born on January 9, 1913, Donn grew up in Los Angeles. He attended Stanford University, where he earned a degree in political science and economics, and later received a Bachelors and Masters degree in jurisprudence from Oxford University in England. After passing the bar in 1938, he became a partner in the law firm Lillick, Geary and McHose, where he began working with radio and television interests.
Donn went on to serve as counsel for RCA, NBC, and ABC, and as a pioneer in television, helping shape legislation for the up-and-coming medium. He later became general manager of KABC-TV, Los Angeles, and western television director for ABC.
Walt Disney recruited Donn in 1956, as production business manager. He later served on the Company's Board of Directors and as vice president and administrative assistant to Roy O. Disney. After Roy's death in 1971, Donn succeeded him as chairman and CEO of The Walt Disney Company.
In this role, Donn's priorities remained steeped in Disney tradition. Duffy Myers, a former Walt Disney World publicist, once recalled how Donn noticed a Life magazine crew setting up its camera in a petunia patch at the new Florida theme park and said, "I don't care who… they are. If they step on those flowers, they are out of here." As Myers saw it, Donn was more interested in maintaining the theme park for visitors than a high-profile photo spread in Life.
As the first president of Walt Disney World Co., Donn also played a key role in the creation of the Walt Disney World resort and Tokyo Disneyland. In addition, he served as chairman of Disney's executive committee from 1980 to 1983; chairman of the board of the California Institute of the Arts, which was founded by Walt Disney; and as president of the Disney Foundation.
Donn Tatum passed away on May 31, 1993, in Los Angeles.
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Lucien Adés (1920–1992)
Music • 1997
In the tradition of Disney's rich storytelling legacy, Lucien Adés pioneered the first "read-along" record album for Disney Consumer Products in 1953. His idea for record albums with beautifully illustrated companion books, which combined a Disney story with music in a medium other than film, spread from France to the United States. Over the years, Lucien's idea has inspired many different forms of Disney recorded merchandise including "storyteller" albums and "sing-along" videos.
Former vice president of product development for Walt Disney Records Ted Kryczko once explained: "Read-alongs are a very important part of Disney. They've carved out their own unique niche in entertainment because they're interactive, imaginative and fun for children to use, while parents appreciate read-alongs because they're designed specifically for their children; there's great educational value in that."
Born on January 20, 1920, in Constantine, Algeria, Lucien studied arts at the nearby University of Algiers. After graduation, he served for a short time as a professor of French and Latin at a college preparatory school. In 1942, he entered the French Liberated Armed Forces. During World War II, Lucien was stationed with British troops in the Middle East.
After the war, Lucien arrived in Paris and opened a bookstore in the Parc Monceau district. His lifelong passion for children's literature inspired him to develop his first read-along record album, which was well-received by his customers. Not long after entering the music publishing business, Lucien sold his bookshop and, with product in hand, contacted the French offices of Walt Disney Productions. There, he established a friendship and collaborative partnership with fellow Legend Armand Bigle.
Bigle recalled, "Lucien's 'read-along' concept was a brilliant addition to Disney's line of merchandise. He was a very good licensee—one of our best!"
In 1957, four years after Lucien published his first read-along album in France, a version of his concept premiered in the United States when Disney merchandising produced its first "storyteller" albums. These featured songs and story narration from such films as BambiDumbo, and Pinocchio.
Lucien's record company, Adés Editions, produced countless read-along books for Disney in France. Besides acting as publisher, Lucien composed the scripts and hired gifted artists to develop the illustrations. Famous French actors of the era were brought on to perform the roles. Although his priority was to publish children's read-alongs, his company also edited classical and contemporary records.
In 1988, after conducting business with Disney for more than thirty years, Lucien sold Adés Editions to long-time Disney licensee Hachette Publishing; he continued to work with the company for the next two years.
Lucien passed away on July 17, 1992, in Paris.
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James Algar (1912–1998)
Animation & Film • 1998
Director, writer, producer, and narrator James "Jim" Algar loved the action and adventure associated with creating Disney's nature pictures. While directing the True-Life Adventure The African Lion in 1955, he lived among the lions of Kenya; while producing the feature Ten Who Dared in 1960, he challenged the raging whitewater rapids of the Colorado River.
Among the many hats he wore, however, the most important was that of storyteller. Jim penned five Academy Award®-winning motion pictures for Disney, including Nature's Half AcreThe Living Desert, and The Vanishing Prairie. As former vice chairman of The Walt Disney Company Roy E. Disney once recalled:
"Jim was a great storyteller, who made invaluable contributions to our animated classics, theme parks, and, especially, our nature films. He added tremendously to the Studio's reputation for superior storytelling."
Born June 11, 1912, in Modesto, California, Jim attended Stanford University. There, he served as editor of the campus humor magazine, The Chaparral. He frequently drew cartoons for the magazine and soon developed an interest in animation. In 1934, after receiving his master's degree in journalism, he joined The Walt Disney Studios as an animator on Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs.
Walt Disney noted Jim's talents and tapped the artist to direct the Mickey Mouse short The Sorcerer's Apprentice, which became the foundation of the 1940 animated classic Fantasia. Jim then went on to direct sequences in Bambi, as well as several wartime films produced by the Studio for the United States Armed Forces, including Victory Through Air Power. In 1949, he directed The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad.
After the war, when Walt decided to produce live-action films about animals and nature, he asked Jim to direct the first True-Life Adventure. The film, Seal Island," won an Academy Award in 1948. Other Oscar®-winning films he contributed to include Beaver ValleyBear CountryWhite WildernessThe Alaskan Eskimo, and Grand Canyon.
Jim also worked on 26 one-hour episodes for The Wonderful World of Disney television series, producing 14 episodes and narrating several, including Wild Geese Calling. He also contributed to such memorable feature films as The Legend of LoboThe Incredible Journey, and Rascal.
Among his many theme park contributions, Jim wrote and produced Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln for the 1964-65 New York World's Fair and, later, Disneyland. He also wrote and produced several of the CircleVision 360 productions, including "America the Beautiful," as well as The Hall of Presidents attraction at Walt Disney World.
After 43 years with The Walt Disney Studios, Jim retired on October 31, 1977. He passed away on February 26, 1998, in Carmel, California.
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Poul Brahe Pedersen (1910–1978)
Publishing • 1997
In his native Denmark, Poul Brahe Pedersen was nicknamed "A Gentlemen of the Press" by his newspaper colleagues. In Burbank, California, he had another prestigious title, according to former vice chairman of The Walt Disney Company Roy E. Disney. As a trusted friend of Roy O. Disney, Poul was among the select few who sometimes joined the Company co-founder around his kitchen table. Roy E. Disney once recalled, "I always thought of Poul as a member of my Dad's European 'kitchen cabinet.' It was an apt phrase, because that's where mother and dad always fed their friends."
Born October 24, 1910, in Heidelberg, Germany, Poul studied law at the University of Copenhagen in Denmark. After graduating in 1937, he learned of a job opening as legal advisor to the editor of one of Denmark's largest daily newspapers, Berlingske Tidende. Poul's law career turned toward publishing and, in 1942, he transferred to the staff of the morning edition, called B.T., where he was appointed editor during the German occupation. In that position, Poul weathered the many professional challenges of the time, including Nazi censorship.
He remained editor of B.T. until 1954, when he joined Disney licensee Gutenberghus Publishing in Copenhagen as its managing director of weekly publications.
In his new position, he traveled to California to meet with Roy O. Disney and proceeded to negotiate a 17-year contract for the right to publish Donald Duck magazine. As a result, a long-term goal was established to expand its publication from Denmark to other countries.
To help meet this lofty goal, Poul transformed the magazine from a monthly into a weekly publication. He hired highly skilled English specialists to translate American stories into Danish, as well as talented artists and writers to develop original artwork and stories for the magazine.
Sometimes the magazine introduced new words invented by writers, some of which have since become a part of everyday Danish language. These included "langbortistan," meaning "far away land," according to Poul's son Christian Brahe Pedersen. The stellar quality of Donald Duck magazine paved its way to such "langbortistans" as Sweden, Norway, and West Germany.
Christian said, "My father made Donald Duck magazine a class publication. Its translation was never in slang and the character art was flawless. Even today, the magazine is so popular that when an original issue goes on auction it can sell for as much as $10,000."
After serving more than 21 years with Gutenberghus, Poul Brahe Pedersen retired in 1975 and passed away three years later, on February 13, in Copenhagen.
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Didier Fouret (1927–1989)
Publishing • 1997
Didier Fouret, former director of Hachette Publishing in Paris, played a key role in bringing Disney's beloved cast of characters to children and their parents throughout France. Fellow Disney Legend and former chairman of Walt Disney Productions Card Walker recalled, "Didier was a good friend to Disney. He helped with our publishing for many years and developed some very popular publications for France."
Disney's former European special sales representative Armand Bigle added, "When I first approached Hachette about publishing books and magazines in the early 1950s, Disney was not well-known in France. Didier helped convince the company heads to publish Disney books and magazines and, as a result, Disney has since become one of Hachette's great success stories."
Born June 25th, 1927, in Paris, Didier earned his bachelor's degree from the nearby Lycee Janson in 1943. He then enlisted with the French Liberated Army and served in the famed 2nd French Armored Division, commanded by General Jacques Philippe LeClerc, which helped free Paris from German occupation on August 25, 1944.
After the war, he joined his grandfather Edmond Fouret, president of Hachette Library, at the Paris publishing company. There, Didier began developing books for children and, by age 30, he was named director of the company.
Besides helping establish relations between Disney and Hachette, Didier expanded the line of Disney-themed publications in France. He worked with fellow Disney Legend Paul Winkler on the 1952 re-issue of the weekly magazine Le Journal de Mickey; the first issue had been published, in 1934, by Winkler. The magazine, which introduced Mickey Mouse to a whole new generation of French children, became an instant hit, selling between 650,000 and 700,000 issues per week.
Didier also helped guide the creation and design of the famous Hachette albums for children, which were based on the popular Little Golden Book series developed by Western Publishing in the United States. The beautifully illustrated Hachette albums featured stories from Disney animated motion pictures such as Peter Pan and Cinderella.
In 1979, Didier took a personal interest in EPCOT Center, which was being constructed at Walt Disney World in Florida. His interest soon transformed into a vision for a fine restaurant for the French Pavilion in World Showcase. After gaining the blessing of Disney corporate heads, Didier proceeded to recruit revered national chefs Paul Bocuse, Gaston LeNotre, and Roger Verge as his partners in Les Chefs de France, which continues to serve the finest French cuisine west of the Seine.
In all, Didier contributed nearly 40 years to building Disney's image in France through publishing.
Didier Fouret passed away on July 5, 1989, in Paris.
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Kay Kamen (1892–1949)
Consumer Products • 1998
During the Great Depression of the 1930s, President Herbert Hoover promised a chicken in every pot; Kay Kamen, however, promised a Disney character in every home. A stickler for quality, he set an unprecedented standard in licensing Disney character merchandise—books, music, plush toys, and more—and, subsequently, helped transform Mickey Mouse and other Disney characters into megastars.
As Tom Tumbusch, publisher of Tomart's Disneyana Update, once explained, "Kay Kamen invented the whole licensing industry. Not just for Disney, alone; others followed suit."
Born Herman Kamen on January 27, 1892, in Baltimore, Maryland, Kay began his professional career as a retail hat merchant. He later entered advertising and, in 1932, the young executive placed a call to Walt Disney. Kay was certain he could sell Mickey Mouse in a new and better way than was being done at the time. After his phone conversation with Walt, Kay immediately boarded a train bound for California. Two days later, he personally met with Walt and Roy O. Disney in Los Angeles; a contract soon followed, naming him the Company's sole licensing representative.
By 1935, three years after Kay joined forces with Disney, Mickey Mouse products numbered in the thousands. This brought the fledgling Studio much-needed income so that Walt Disney could spin his dreams, including the first full-length animated feature, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. When the animated classic was released in 1937, Kay had an extensive Snow White merchandising campaign in place, which was the first of its kind and later copied by other studios.
Tumbusch added, "What made Kay unique was that he not only sold licenses to manufacturers, but made personal calls on department store buyers, twice a year, to promote the Disney product being manufactured. As a result, by 1935, Mickey Mouse ruled in 50 or 60 of the largest department stores."
Kay helped make Mickey Mouse so popular that companies such as watch manufacturer Ingersoll Waterbury were saved from bankruptcy because of their association with the superstar mouse.
In 1933, when Ingersoll Waterbury introduced the first-ever Mickey Mouse watch, it was such a huge hit that the troubled company was able to increase its dwindling number of factory workers from 300 to more than 3,000. Macy's department store in New York City sold a record of 11,000 of the timepieces in one day.
Once Kay helped establish Mickey's mass appeal, companies paid large sums to be associated with the Disney star. In 1934, at the height of the Depression, General Foods paid $1 million for the right to put Mickey Mouse cut-outs on the back of cereal boxes.
After 17 years associated with The Walt Disney Company, Kay died in a plane crash over Spain on October 28, 1949.
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Don Escen (1919–2006)
Administration • 1998
Unofficially, The Walt Disney Studios used to be divided into two groups of employees. "Walt's Boys" were the creative staff, and "Roy's Boys" comprised the legal and financial minds behind the magic. Former financial administrator and company treasurer Don Escen was a key member of "Roy's Boys," and ably assisted Roy O. Disney in successfully navigating the Company through some difficult times after Walt Disney's untimely death in 1966.
Charged with overseeing the Company's financial affairs in Burbank, and its film distribution and merchandising offices overseas, Don was respected by all who worked with him. Barbara Wilcox, his assistant from 1965-1984, recalled:
"Executives liked dealing with Don because he was always a fair-minded and logical person. He had a good, sensible head and I think Roy respected him for that, and asked his advice on a lot of occasions."
Born in Litchfield, Minnesota, on July 13, 1919, Don graduated from the Minnesota School of Business in Oakdale. He served in the United States Army during World War II, participating in the landmark D-Day invasion of Normandy. After the war, he headed for California where, in 1949, he joined The Walt Disney Studios' accounting department.
Don began to ascend the corporate ranks in 1953, when he was appointed accounting office manager. Then, in 1960, he became assistant treasurer and controller. When Roy O. Disney purchased one of the Company's first computers, a RAM 500, he stationed it in Don's office. Roy made regular visits to watch it compute the day's trial balances.
After Walt Disney's death, the Company faced a tumultuous period and numerous outside companies courted Roy with offers of a merger, all of which he rejected. Instead, he devised a plan that Don was instrumental in implementing, which involved convertible debentures—bonds that could be converted to stock after the stock rose to certain price.
In 1968, the Company issued $40 million in convertible bonds, which were converted to stock within a year. The Company then issued another $50 million, followed by $72 million worth of convertible bonds. Three stock conversions were issued in all, allowing Walt Disney World, the most expensive theme park built by the Company at that time, to open debt-free in 1971.
In 1975, four years after Roy's death, Don accepted the titles of financial administrator and treasurer of Buena Vista International, the Studio's international film distribution wing. In this role, he supervised 13 foreign offices and numerous foreign representatives. Simultaneously, he also served as assistant treasurer of the Company.
After 35 years of service, Don retired from The Walt Disney Company in 1984. He passed away on February 6, 2006.
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Cyril Edgar (1907–1987)
Film • 1997
Cyril Edgar sure could sell a Disney film. His success was fueled by his winning personality and his sheer love of Disney; described by his colleagues as a witty fellow with an engaging personality, Cyril made everyone feel at ease around him. Even his wife, Tricia, observed, "Cyril had the most marvelous knack of changing any conversation about himself to the other person. Someone would ask a question, perhaps about the film industry, and before you knew it Cyril turned the tables so the other person would be talking about him or herself."
Born in London, England, on May 4, 1907, Cyril was the son of a doctor and a homemaker. As a schoolboy he was inclined toward sports, participating in everything from boxing to cricket. After school, he won a job at British Lion Film Corporation Ltd. on Wardour Street; he eventually worked his way up to circuit manager, overseeing the booking of first-run films at theater circuits throughout the country.
In 1950, Cyril took a job with Disney as its liaison with RKO, which distributed Disney movies at the time. He proved to be an able sales and public relations representative; after observing Cyril with RKO's distribution team in 1951, former Disney head of domestic and foreign distribution W.B. Levy wrote to Cyril, saying, "I was happy for the opportunity to observe how you have assumed your duties and maintained RKO relationships with efficiency and intelligence."
Four years later, when Disney opened its own distribution operation in the United Kingdom, Cyril proved instrumental as director of sales, overseeing a number of regional offices throughout England, Wales, and Scotland.
In 1956, he was named joint managing director of Walt Disney Productions, Ltd., a title he shared with Disney Legend Cyril James. Known to all as "the two Cyrils," they were an effective team; Cyril James tended to administration and finance, while Cyril Edgar sold Disney films to theater circuits and television shows to broadcast stations.
In December 1961, Cyril reported that his sales team had booked nearly 2,000 play dates at theaters throughout the United Kingdom during the lucrative holiday season; according to Cyril, it was a record at the time for any motion picture distributing company in the nation.
Fifteen years later, in April 1971, he was named European supervisor in charge of sales for the entire continent, and transferred to the Company's European headquarters in Paris. The next year he retired, after serving more than 20 years with Disney.
Cyril Edgar passed away on February 5, 1987, in Bournemouth, England.
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Floyd Gottfredson (1905–1986)
Animation • 2003
If Mickey Mouse ever had a guardian artist, it would be Floyd Gottfredson, who penciled Mickey's daily comic strip beginning in 1930. His unflaggingly good cheer made Floyd the perfect keeper of Disney's ambassador of good will.
"Floyd played a major role in getting Disney's new character, Mickey Mouse, known throughout the world by producing Mickey's daily comic strip," said former Walt Disney Company archivist Dave Smith. "Of the early Disney employees I met, Floyd was probably the greatest gentleman of them all."
Floyd was born on May 5, 1905, in a railroad station in Kaysville, Utah, where his parents lived. He took correspondence cartooning courses as a boy after a hunting accident left him with a disabled arm and hand, limiting his participation in typical children's activities. By 1926, he supplied cartoons to Utah journals and newspapers, while working as a film projectionist and advertising artist for a small movie theater chain.
After winning second place in a national cartoon contest, Floyd moved to California in 1928, hoping to break into the newspaper business. Instead, he worked as a theater projectionist until 1929, when on a tip he "bundled up" his art samples and headed to Disney. Floyd later recalled, "When Walt asked me what sort of work I was interested in, I replied, 'I'm actually more interested in comic strip work than I am in animation.'"
So, Walt hired Floyd as an in-between artist working on the Silly Symphony animated shorts. Four months later, Walt asked Floyd to take over the new Mickey Mouse comic strip for a few weeks after artists Ub Iwerks and Win Smith, who developed the strip with Walt, left the Studio. Forty-five years later, Floyd was still creating the strip.
His first Mickey Mouse comic strip premiered May 5, 1930, only a few months after its January launch via King Features Syndicate. Floyd achieved his dream and happily continued drawing Mickey's daily strip until he retired from the Studio in 1975.
His contributions included writing the daily comic strip from 1930-32; drawing the Sunday Mickey Mouse comic strip from 1932 to 1938; and serving as head of the Comic Strip Department from 1930 to 1946. Under Floyd, the department grew to cover five features: "Mickey Mouse" daily and Sunday; "Donald Duck" daily and Sunday; and "Silly Symphony" Sunday, which later became "Uncle Remus."
Over the years, the comic styles changed from a gag-a-day to continuous story lines, which were plotted by Floyd. Mickey's animated shorts inspired his daily comics, a precedent originally set by Walt, who scripted the first 18 Mickey Mouse comic strips by often borrowing gags from the shorts.
Floyd, whose work has influenced such popular artists as Romano Scarpa, recalled, "I've always felt that it was our job to try to capture the spirit of animation… I tried to design the characters as if they were moving in animation."
The artist also introduced new comic characters to Mickey's universe, which are legion and legendary, including the Phantom Blot, Morty and Ferdie Fieldmouse, Eli Squinch, Eega Beeva, Sylvester Shyster, Joe Pipper, and Captain Doberman, and Gloomy.
Floyd Gottfredson passed away on July 22, 1986, in Montrose, California.
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Bill Tytla (1904–1968)
Animation • 1998
Animator Vladimir Tytla, nicknamed "Bill" by his friends and family, brought unprecedented depth, feeling, and personality to Disney characters—so much so that today he is considered "Animation's Michelangelo." Among the artist's most famed masterpieces are Stromboli, the evil puppeteer in Pinocchio; Chernabog, the menacing, winged devil featured in Fantasia; and the endearing baby elephant in Dumbo.
As fellow Disney Legends Frank Thomas and Ollie Johnston recalled in their book The Disney Villain:
"Everything was 'feelings' with Bill… He did not just get inside Stromboli, he was Stromboli and he lived the part." Animator and fellow Disney Legend Eric Larson observed Bill's intensity and "all-out sincerity. He'd act out a scene in his room and I thought the walls would fall in."
Born October 25, 1904, in Yonkers, New York, Bill won a job lettering title cards for the Paramount animation studio at age 16. He later accepted an artist's position at Paul Terry's animation studio. Fascinated with the fine arts, he later enrolled in New York's Art Students League and, in 1929, traveled to Paris to study painting. He returned to Terry Studios the next year, but was unhappy when his friend and colleague, animator Art Babbitt, moved to Hollywood to work for Disney in 1932. After many invitations from Art, Bill finally took a trip west and joined The Walt Disney Studios on a 'trial basis' in November 1934.
During his "probationary" year, Bill's versatile acting ability became apparent when he animated a broadly comic Clarabelle Cow in the short Mickey's Fire Brigade and a bully rooster dancing the carioca in Cock o' The Walk.
As a result of his genius, Bill was soon tapped to join fellow Legend Freddie Moore in developing and animating the Dwarfs in Disney's first full-length animated feature Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. A perfectionist, Bill made sure that even in mob scenes each Dwarf performed strictly according to his own unique personality.
After the astounding success of Snow White, Bill became one of the Studio's highest-paid animators, earning more than $300 a week. His supreme moment in animation remains Chernabog, the god of evil in Fantasia;" the character's emotions range from unabashed evil to the expression of physical pain when he hears church bells ring at dawn. Other films Bill contributed to include Saludos Amigos and Victory Through Air Power, as well as the war-themed short Education for Death.
In 1943, Bill left Disney to animate theatrical shorts for other studios and to direct television commercials. Among his non-Disney credits is the 1964 live-action and animated feature The Incredible Mr. Limpet, starring Don Knotts.
Bill Tytla passed away on December 31, 1968, in East Lyme, Connecticut.
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Lucille Martin (1922–2012)
Administration • 2007
"I had a hard time not calling him 'sir,'" Lucille Martin recalled of her days in Walt Disney's office. "I'd say, 'Yes, sir,' and he'd say, smiling, 'Yes, Walt.' After about a week he gave me a drawing of a girl carrying a sign that read 'DOWN WITH SIR.' I kept it on my intercom the whole time I worked for him. I still have it."
Dorothy Lucille Martin was born on August 10, 1922. She never expected to work for Walt Disney; in fact, the Zeigler, Illinois native planned to be a teacher, and had attended Southern Illinois Normal University and earned her state teaching credential there.
But when the young single mother of a 5- and 10-year-old moved to California, her Illinois credential was not valid. She chose to put her secretarial skill to work instead, and look for work—against her children's wishes. "What if I worked for Disney?" she asked. "Oh, that's different!"
So, one Friday in September of 1964, a few weeks after the world premiere of Mary Poppins, Lucille typed up a resume and stopped by the Studio to inquire about work. She was hired on the spot. Lucille started in the Secretarial Pool the following Monday, and was immediately sent to work for Donovan Moye in Publicity; she never dipped her toes in the pool again. She worked briefly for the vice president of Labor Relations, Bonar Dyer, and in early 1965 was called to report to Walt's office. "I thought they had the wrong person!" Lucille laughed.
"Walt made me feel comfortable right away," Lucille recalled fondly. "He saw himself as an ordinary guy." Walt took special care of his office staff, and Lucille remembered many kindnesses: "I had never flown on a plane, and one day when Walt was going to San Diego with a press group, he closed the office so I could have my first plane ride."
"Another time, there were two empty seats on the plane to New York City, and he let my co-worker Tommie Wilck and I go to New York for the weekend, because he knew I had never been to New York! It was fun on Monday to tell people I 'went to New York for dinner.' Such a thing was unheard of 40 years ago."
After Walt's death, Lucille stayed on for a year to help close his office, then worked for Ron Miller in the Studio, moving with him as he ascended to president of the Company in 1980 and CEO in 1983. After Ron retired in 1984, Lucille was asked to stay on in Michael Eisner's office. "Lucille embodies that rare combination of loyalty, dedication, talent, tact, and trust so necessary to the smooth operation of an executive staff," Michael later said.
In 1995, Lucille was promoted to vice president and special assistant to The Walt Disney Company Board of Directors. In this role, she served as a liaison between Company management and the Board. "It was quite a surprise," Lucille said of her promotion. "I had no idea at all, and I loved it, naturally." She retired from this position in January 2006.
"But I have enjoyed all my days at Disney," Lucille later said. "When Michael came, I was surprised he wanted me to stay on as his assistant. When I got my 20-year service award, he made a speech about how glad he was to be at Disney. Then he twinkled—like Walt—and added 'And I got Lucille!' Everyone applauded, and I felt wonderful!"
Lucille Martin passed away on October 24, 2012, in Studio City, California.
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Paul Winkler (1898–1982)
Publishing • 1997
Paul Winkler was the first to establish Disney's presence in France through publishing. In 1930, he was so determined to bring Mickey Mouse to the French public that he traveled all the way to Hollywood by ship and railroad to personally negotiate publishing rights with Company founders Walt and Roy O. Disney.
As former vice chairman of The Walt Disney Company, Roy E. Disney, said, "Talk about foresight! Paul was a great friend to Mickey Mouse. When it comes to comic books published in France, Paul started it all."
Born July 7, 1898, in Budapest, Hungary, Paul graduated from Protestant Lycee and then moved to Holland, where he studied at the University of Amsterdam.
In the mid-1920s, he moved to Paris and founded Opera Mundi ("The Works of the World"), a press agency that sold articles to newspapers throughout Western Europe. Paul contacted the then-largest American syndicate, King Features, and Opera Mundi became its European representative. In turn, Paul sold King Features comic strips, which included Mickey Mouse, to the French press. In 1930, the Mickey Mouse comic strip debuted in the newspaper Le Petit Parisien. Four years later, Paul developed the first French Mickey Mouse comic magazine, Le Journal de Mickey, which was an immediate success. It eventually boasted a weekly circulation of about 400,000.
In June 1940, when the Germans invaded Paris, Paul and his family emigrated to the United States. While living in New York, he founded a second news agency, Press Alliance, which offered articles and columns by popular writers of the day, including American columnist Elsa Maxwell. He also served as foreign political columnist for the Washington Post and published the anti-Nazi books The Thousand Year Conspiracy: Secret Germany Behind the Mask and the U.S. best-seller Paris Underground, which he ghostwrote with his wife, Betty, in 1943. The latter was made into a 1945 United Artists' movie, by the same name, starring Constance Bennett.
After the war, Paul returned to France and resumed directing Opera Mundi. Along the way, he hired talented young news reporters such as Armand Bigle, who would one day join him as a Disney Legend. Among Paul's post-war Disney publishing ventures was the 1947 eight-page Donald Duck comic book Hardi, Presente Donald.
In 1952, Paul re-issued Le Journal de Mickey, again published by Hachette. The updated comic magazine sold between 650,000 and 700,000 issues per week.
In addition to his successful Disney publications, Paul founded numerous other periodicals, including Confidences, a woman's magazine, in 1945. He also fathered Editions de Trevise book publishing, which specialized in French political biographies, and served as director-general and editor of the newspaper France-Soir.
Paul Winkler passed away on September 23, 1982, in Melun, France.
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Card Walker (1916–2005)
Administration • 1993
In 1971, Esmond Cardon "Card" Walker was elected president of The Walt Disney Company, then known as Walt Disney Productions. He proceeded to successfully navigate corporate divisions, ranging from Disneyland to Studio Productions, through the uncertain times following the deaths of both Walt and Roy O. Disney. Card, who began working at the Studio in 1938, ultimately helped preserve Disney tradition while further expanding its magic around the globe. Under his direction and personal supervision, the Company grew to include such landmarks as Epcot Center, Tokyo Disneyland, and The Disney Channel.
In 1990, former Company Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Michael Eisner said:
"In a very real sense, Card is the link between the small, family-owned film company of the '30s and the major global corporation we are today. I'm grateful to have had the benefit of his experience, his judgment, and his convictions about the 'Disney way' of doing things."
Born January 9, 1916, in Rexburg, Idaho, Card and his family moved to Los Angeles in 1924. Upon graduation from UCLA, he joined Disney; his first job was in the Studio mailroom, where many of the company's 150 employees had started—Walt Disney believed that the mailroom was the best place for a new employee to get to know the entire Studio operation. Before long, Card took his first steps up the corporate ladder, beginning in the camera department. Later, he served as unit manager on short subjects in the production department.
Card's career at Disney was interrupted in 1941, when he enlisted with the U.S. Navy to serve as a flight deck officer during World War II. After four years he returned to the Studio to work in the story department, testing audience reactions to potential new film properties, such as Alice in Wonderland and Cinderella, using a new polling system called A.R.I. (Audience Research Institute).
In 1956, Card's corporate ascent accelerated when Walt Disney named him vice president of advertising and sales, promoting such films as 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea. Four years later, in 1960, he was appointed to the Company's Board of Directors.
In 1965, Card was appointed vice president of marketing, followed by executive vice president of operations (in 1967), and executive vice president and chief operating officer (in 1968).
In 1976, after serving five years as the Company's president, he assumed the additional responsibility of chief executive officer. In 1980, he was appointed to chairman of the board. He retired from these roles in 1983, after overseeing the successful development of Tokyo Disneyland. He continued to serve as a consultant to the company until 1990. After 61 years of service to the Company, Card retired from the board of directors in 1999 and was designated an emeritus member of the board.
Card Walker passed away on November 28, 2005, in La Cañada Flintridge, California.
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Retta Scott (1916–1990)
Animation • 2000
Though Retta Scott's career at Disney was brief, she left an indelible mark as the Studio's first woman animator, receiving screen credit on the 1942 classic Bambi. As Bambi former supervising animator Frank Thomas recalled, "Retta had an astounding ability to draw powerful animals. She seemed to have a keen understanding of their moods and attitudes."
Born in Omak, Washington, on February 23, 1916, Retta graduated from Seattle's Roosevelt High School in 1934. She moved to Los Angeles to attend Chouinard Art Institute on scholarship and spent much of her free time sketching wildlife at the nearby Griffith Park Zoo.
While her heart was originally set on a fine arts career, the school's director encouraged Retta to apply at Disney. In 1938, she joined the Story department working on Bambi. Her stunning story sketches and character development caught the attention of Walt Disney and director Dave Hand, so when the film went into production she was assigned to animate scenes featuring hunting dogs chasing Faline.
As she later recalled, "I developed the hunting dogs into vicious, snarling beasts… running and scrambling, trying to climb the cliff and sliding back."
After Bambi, Retta worked on Dumbo and then animated the weasels in the "Wind in the Willows" segment of The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad. In 1941, she appeared in Disney's feature film The Reluctant Dragon, starring Robert Benchley.
Later that year, when the Studio hit a slump, she and other artists were laid off. Retta returned to Disney's Story department in 1942, when the Studio was producing military training films during World War II. Four years later, she resigned from Disney to move east with her husband, a United States Naval officer.
She continued to contribute to Disney as a freelance artist, illustrating the Big Golden Book of Cinderella and Cinderella Puppet Show, published in 1950. The cover of the Cinderella Golden Book was released by Disney Art Classics in 2000, as a color serigraph with gold enhancements, under the Art of Disney Storybooks line.
Creative Director of Disney Publishing Worldwide, Ken Shue, described Retta's work: "Her Cinderella storybook illustrations are very stylized," he observed. "I keep the Cinderella cover framed on an easel outside my office. It's a very detailed, complex composition that informs and inspires our art staff daily. It's show-stopping."
In 1980, Retta worked on The Plague Dogs, a non-Disney animated film directed by Martin Rosen. She also helped animate television commercials produced by Luckey Zamora for such products as Cookie Crisp Cereal.
Retta Scott passed away on August 26, 1990, at her home in Foster City, California.
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Ray Watson (1926–2012)
Administration • 2011
Raymond L. Watson was born on October 4, 1926, in Seattle, Washington. After moving to Oakland, California, in 1934, Ray was raised by his grandmother, spending his summers at the state beaches and parks where his father worked as a carpenter. After a short stint in the Unites States Army Air Forces Cadet Training Program toward the end of World War II, Ray enrolled at the University of California at Berkeley, receiving his B.A. in 1951 and a master's degree in 1953, both in architecture.
Wasting no time getting started on a career that would help change the face of urban planning and development, Ray's first job was planning a civic center for the city of Stockton. He left Northern California in 1960 to join the Irvine Company in Orange County, enticed by the company's 90,000 acres of undeveloped land.
"At that time," Ray recalled, "there was a spirit within the Irvine Company. We had a blank paper for our creative juices and our plans could go from this blank page to the ground. There is that same spirit in Disney."
Ray first got involved with Disney in the mid-1960s when he was asked to meet with Walt to discuss EPCOT, the "Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow," which was still just a dream in Walt's imagination. Walt needed advice from someone with urban planning experience on the same gigantic scale as his new project, and Ray, who was currently developing what is now the city of Irvine, was a perfect fit. Although he was never actively involved in the development or construction of Walt Disney World, Ray would frequently stop by the site whenever his business affairs took him to the East Coast. And in 1973, when he was president of the Irvine Company, Disney's then-CEO Donn Tatum asked him if he would be interested in serving on the Board of Directors for Walt Disney Productions. Ray accepted the position on May 28, 1974.
His early tenure on the Board saw the expansion of Walt Disney World and the opening of Disney's first water park, River Country, in 1976. Grandest of all, however, was the opening of Epcot Center on October 1, 1982; at that time it was the largest private land development project ever, at a cost of more than $1 billion. Disney Chairman Card Walker retired after the April 1983 opening of Tokyo Disneyland, the Company's first international theme park, and Ray was elected to the position of chairman of the board in his place.
It was a tough nine months in 1984 as Ray, along with Roy E. Disney and Stanley Gold, fended off not one, but two hostile takeover attempts during perhaps the most tumultuous period in Disney's corporate history. On September 22, 1984, Ray stepped down as chairman to let the Board of Directors bring in new CEO Michael D. Eisner and new president Frank G. Wells. He remained on the Board and served as part of the Executive Committee until his retirement in 2004, after serving the Company for 30 years and establishing a worldwide reputation as a real estate development visionary.
Ray passed away on October 20, 2012, in Newport Beach, California.
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Grace Bailey (1904–1983)
Animation • 2000
After Disney produced its first Technicolor animated short, the 1932 Oscar®-winning Flowers and Trees, the former head of the Ink and Paint department, Grace Bailey Turner, was charged with expanding the Studio's inventory of colors. Once used to mixing and matching basic blacks, whites and grays, suddenly Grace was mixing a wide array of hues that would help bring Disney animation to vivid life.
As former Studio painter Betty Kimball once recalled, "Everything was so unscientific back then. We were just creating, and it was fun. I remember Grace was head of Paint, and she had developed a new blue color. She tried to describe it to me: 'It's the same color as your dress, Betty. What color is your dress?' I had dyed my dress and I told her that the name on the package of dye was 'sky blue.' So she right there and then named the new blue after the color of my dress."
Born Elizabeth Grace Randall on January 1, 1904, in Willoughby, Ohio, Grace attended the Cleveland School of Art beginning in 1922. She later moved to New York, where she worked on Max Fleischer's early animated Out of the Inkwell series, featuring Koko the Clown.
After relocating to Southern California around 1930, Grace took a job making custom lampshades in a Beverly Hills shop. In 1932, however, she decided to apply for a job at the nearby Walt Disney Studios and won a position in the Ink and Paint department, which was supervised by Walt Disney's sister-in-law Hazel Sewell. Before the advent of computers, inking and painting was part of a laborious process consisting of a staff of "inkers" who traced animators' drawings onto large sheets of celluloid, known as cels, and "painters," who colored in the drawings by hand. As Grace later recalled in an interview with author Christopher Finch, in those early years even Walt and Roy Disney pitched in to help ink and paint animation cels.
Grace worked her way up through the ranks of the department from painting supervisor to inking supervisor, where she trained new artists to ink the animators' drawings. Learning to ink could take as long as a year compared to paint, which took about six months.
As Kimball recalled, "Those inkers had to be really good. They weren't just tracing animators' drawings. They had to get the feeling of the animators' pencil lines, too."
In 1954, Grace was selected as head of the entire Ink and Paint department, a position she held until her retirement in 1972. As Bob Broughton, former Disney supervisor of special photographic effects once recalled, "Grace was quite a professional lady. She was class."
Grace Bailey passed away on August 23, 1983 in Ocklawaha, Florida.
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Hamilton Luske (1903–1968)
Animation • 1999
A business major with no formal art education, Ham Luske was the first animator cast by Walt Disney on his daring new project Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. In a memo dated from late 1935, Walt wrote, "From now on Ham Luske is definitely assigned to Snow White."
As the film's supervising animator, Ham was responsible for the most difficult character of all—Snow White. The audience had to believe in her for the picture to be a success; this led to the use of such groundbreaking techniques as live-action reference films. Ham adeptly directed a live-action model, actress Margie Bell, for filmed footage that artists referred to as they brought the character to life.
Animator and fellow Disney Legend Ollie Johnston recalled, "Ham's careful planning and shooting of the live-action footage, always with the idea in mind of how it would be used in animation, resulted in a very convincing character."
Born Hamilton S. Luske in Chicago on October 16, 1903, Ham earned his degree from the University of California at Berkeley. An innately gifted artist, Ham's first professional job was as a cartoonist for the Oakland Post-Inquirer.
In 1931, he joined The Walt Disney Studios, animating animals for the early Mickey Mouse short The Barnyard Broadcast. Three years later, he significantly advanced the art of personality animation with his portrayal of Max Hare in the 1935 Academy Award®-winning Silly Symphony The Tortoise and the Hare and Jenny Wren in the Silly Symphony Who Killed Cock Robin? Film star Mae West, who served as inspiration for Wren, was so impressed with the caricature's performance that she wrote a letter to Walt complimenting him on the animation.
Ham's ability to develop an easy-to-follow step-by-step system for planning a scene made him a natural teacher of younger animators and, under his guidance, many new artists were developed.
After the success of Snow White, Ham's career turned toward directing and, during World War II, he directed government training films such as Weather At War. He would later direct educational films, such as Donald in Mathmagic Land. He also served as supervising co-director on Pinocchio and sequence director on FantasiaCinderellaAlice in WonderlandPeter PanLady and the TrampOne Hundred and One Dalmatians, and the cartoon sequences featured in Mary Poppins.
Ham later moved into television, serving as associate producer and director on such series as DisneylandWalt Disney Presents, and Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color.
Ham Luske passed away on February 18, 1968, in Los Angeles, California.
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Al Konetzni (1915–2016)
Consumer Products • 1999
In 1953, Al Konetzni joined Walt Disney Productions as an artist and idea man for the character merchandising division, then headquartered on Madison Avenue in New York. Over the next 28 years he developed ideas for toys, clothing, stationery, greeting cards, jewelry, and more. Featuring beloved Disney characters, these items were licensed for production by major American corporations. Among Al's most famous creations was a popular lunch box set, featuring a host of Disney characters on board a school bus. The lunch box, which sold its nine millionth unit in 1976, is now a prized collector's item among Disney fans.
Al loved designing and developing Disney merchandise. He once said, "One of the biggest thrills in my work was to see an item begin with my rough design, then develop into a prototype and become a product that reaches the sales counters and, eventually, people's homes."
Born in Brooklyn on May 19, 1915, Al showed an interest in art at an early age, asking his parents "only for crayons and drawing pencils for Christmas." After high school, he attended Pratt Institute of Art at night while working as an artist in the advertising department of the Gertz Company on Long Island. He went on to become an art director for the Pal Personna Blade Co., where he developed the company's Pal man character which was featured on product packages.
After 16 years with Pal, Al brought his creative skills and self-taught knowledge in sales, marketing, and copyright law to Walt Disney Productions. Al soon found himself named a marketing account executive, coordinating licensing with such industry giants as General Electric (for the Mickey Mouse night light); Lever Brothers (for the Mickey Mouse toothbrush); and Bradley Time and Elgin (for Mickey Mouse watches and clocks, among others). He was also responsible for the development and licensing of the now-collectible Pez Mickey and Donald candy dispensers.
Besides being an idea man and an artist, Al considered himself a salesman with a pencil. He said, "I had creative jam sessions with people from Hallmark or Hasbro and I'd always bring my drawing pad. I'm an artist and could best explain a concept through drawing. I imagine myself a silent salesman; I use my graphics to sell the products."
After retiring in 1981, Al served as a merchandise consultant for Ringling Bros., Barnum and Bailey Circus for two years. During that time, he helped develop merchandise for the joint Disney and Ringling Bros. touring ice show, Disney on Ice. He also published a best-selling cartoon book, Double Bogey, which took a hilarious look at the foibles of golfers everywhere.
Al passed away on Monday February 8, 2016, at the age of 100.
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Norm Ferguson (1902–1957)
Animation • 1999
Animator Norm Ferguson, affectionately called "Fergy" by his friends at The Walt Disney Studios, was never inhibited by anatomy and drawing rules. An instinctive artist, he drew what felt right, often surprising his peers with the unlikely results. As animator and Disney Legend Fred Moore once said, "Fergy doesn't know that you can't raise the eyebrows above the head circle, so he goes ahead and does it and it gives a great effect." Fellow Disney Legend Marc Davis summed up Fergy's contributions when he said, "Norm Ferguson was a sharp performer and a showman."
Born September 2, 1902, to a Scottish father and Irish mother, Fergy attended Brooklyn's Heffley Institute, a stenography and typing school, followed by the Pratt Institute, where he studied commercial art. In 1920, after working various stenographic jobs, he decided to pursue a career in the up-and-coming animation medium and quickly won a job at Paul Terry's Fables Pictures Inc.
Nine years later, he left Fables to join The Walt Disney Studios. There, he served as animator on more than 75 shorts, including The Chain GangMickey's Orphans, and the Academy Award®-winning Three Little Pigs. Fergy was fast with his pencil, cranking out up to 40 feet worth of animation a day; the average was 10 to 15 feet, according to Disney historian Bob Thomas.
Fergy's sense of showmanship stemmed from the old vaudeville comedians that he loved to watch during his formative years in New York City.
Their influence on him surfaced in the famous flypaper sequence, which Fergy animated in the 1934 Disney short Playful Pluto. The memorable 65-second sequence, which begins with Pluto sitting on a sheet of flypaper and leads to a string of hilarious gags as he attempts to free himself from the sticky predicament, marked one of the first times an animated character appeared to be thinking onscreen.
In 1935, Walt Disney tapped Fergy to serve as supervising animator on the Studio's first full-length animated feature, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. For that film, Fergy supervised animation of the first of the great Disney villains, the evil witch; he followed that performance with the unsavory J. Worthington Foulfellow in Pinocchio.
Fergy went on to serve as sequence director on such classics as Fantasia and Dumbo; production supervisor on Saludos Amigos; production supervisor and director on The Three Caballeros; and directing animator on CinderellaAlice in Wonderland, and Peter Pan. In 1941, Fergy made a cameo appearance in Disney's The Reluctant Dragon, starring Robert Benchley.
Norm Ferguson passed away on November 2, 1957, in Los Angeles, California.
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Tyrus Wong (1910–2016)
Animation • 2001
While inspirational artist Tyrus "Ty" Wong worked at The Walt Disney Studios only three years, between 1938 and 1941, his impact on the animated classic Bambi endures.
As legendary animators Frank Thomas and Ollie Johnston point out in their book about the making of the motion picture, "He set the color schemes along with the appearance of the forest in painting after painting. Paintings that captured the poetic feeling that had eluded us [artists] for so long. Ty Wong not only inspired the other visual artists, but he created a standard that was met by musicians and special effects too."
Born in Taishan (then Xinning), China, on October 25, 1910, nine-year-old Ty moved to America with his father in 1919, eventually landing in Los Angeles, California. While an indifferent student, he loved sketching and won a scholarship to nearby Otis Art Institute. After graduating in 1935, Ty exhibited his watercolors and participated in a W.P.A. project, established by the Roosevelt administration during the Great Depression, creating two paintings each month for exhibition in public libraries and government buildings.
Looking for steady employment, he joined The Walt Disney Studios to work on animated shorts, but quickly moved into feature films after submitting landscape paintings with deer as early concepts for Bambi, which was in pre-production.
Among his paintings was a stunning image of a stag fight filled with dynamic action, strong compositions, and dramatic lightning.
When Walt Disney saw Ty's inspirational sketches, he was intrigued by their mysterious quality. The artist later told animation historian John Canemaker for his book Before the Animation Begins, "Walt wanted something different for Bambi." As Thomas and Johnston wrote, "In contrast to the paintings that showed every detail of tiny flowers, broken branches, and fallen logs, Ty had a different approach and certainly one that had never been seen in an animated film before. He [Ty] explained, 'Too much detail—I tried to keep the thing very, very simple and create the atmosphere, the feeling of the forest.'"
Ty left Disney before Bambi was released in 1942. He joined Warner Brothers and for more than 25 years developed story boards and concept sketches for motion pictures, including the 1949 World War II saga Sands of Iwo Jima, starring John Wayne.
He took an early retirement to pursue his own passions, including exhibiting and selling watercolors, designing Christmas cards for Hallmark and other companies, illustrating magazine covers for Reader's Digest and other publications, painting ceramics sold through Neiman-Marcus, and designing, constructing, and flying kites that are masterful expressions of his artistic sensibilities.
More than 50 years after leaving Disney, the Studio approached Ty about serving as inspirational sketch artist on The Legend of Mulan, set in ancient China. He declined, however, saying his work with animated films was no longer an important part of his artistic life.
Ty Wong passed away on December 30, 2016 at 106 years old.
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Dodie Roberts (1919–2008)
Animation • 2000
Dodie Roberts held one of Disney's most colorful jobs. As former supervisor of the Studio paint lab, she made sure colors were consistent throughout an animated motion picture. Not an easy task for the average person, but Dodie had a good eye for matching color—a very good eye.
As she recalled, "We had to mix the paints so they were exactly the same color as what was being used in an animated scene. One time, just before I retired, a computer was brought into the lab to check the colors that I had approved. To my great relief, the computer confirmed that every color matched perfectly."
Born in Plainview, Nebraska, on August 12, 1919, Dodie moved to Southern California in 1939 after attending a Wilmington, Delaware business college. A former schoolmate, who was working at Disney at the time, invited Dodie to visit the Studio and, on October 24 of that year, she joined the Company as a runner delivering freshly mixed paint to inkers and painters.
Before long, however, she was promoted to the task of creating colors and mixing paints. "I love puzzles, and mixing paint was like putting together a puzzle," she said. "It was fascinating to create colors and to get them exact."
The ultimate payoff, however, was when she saw her work come to life in such films as FantasiaCinderella, and Sleeping Beauty. She later said, "It was wonderful to see those colors, bigger than life, and to know that I helped make them."
Among the more unusual aspects of her work, as she recalled, was creating a proprietary color used for shadows in Disney animated motion pictures. Three lab employees, including Dodie, were responsible for adding a single color to the mix, without knowing what the others were putting in.
"It was a secret," she said. "They didn't want other Studios to know the formula, so only the supervisor of our department knew all of its ingredients."
By 1972, however, Dodie became privy to that exclusive recipe when she was named supervisor of the paint lab. She oversaw eight staff members and more than 500 hues, including gradations of single colors that matched a film's changing mood and lighting. For instance, as she recalled, "In Fantasia, the Sorcerer's coat wouldn't be the same color if he walked into a dark room."
In 1984, Dodie retired 45 years to the day after she joined Disney. A lustrous purple shade was developed in her honor named "Dodie 6." Later that year, Dodie, along with fellow Studio employee Al Jones, founded the Disney Golden 'Ears Retirement Club for former Studio employees.
Dodie Roberts passed away died on February 11, 2008.
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Becky Fallberg (1923–2007)
Animation • 2000
Becky Fallberg served The Walt Disney Studios in many capacities, beginning as a telephone operator and ultimately working her way up to manager of the Ink and Paint department. While there wasn't any job she couldn't do at Disney, there was a favorite: "I loved supervising the Art Props department," she admitted. "There, I met people throughout the entire Studio, not just from a single department. The people were what made my years at Disney special, and in that position, I met many. And we were all working together toward the same goal—making magic."
Born June 10, 1923, in Los Angeles, Becky and her family moved near The Walt Disney Studios when she was 12. A lover of Disney cartoons, which she watched almost every Saturday afternoon at a local movie theater, she joined the Studio in 1942 after graduating from John Marshall High School and studying art for one year at Los Angeles City College.
Her parents, an electrician for the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power and a homemaker, didn't approve. "It wasn't long after the Depression," she later explained. "My father thought I should get a secure job at the postal service or the telephone company. He thought all I wanted was glamour."
Within months of joining Disney, Becky was promoted from telephone operator to painter, working on animated training and propaganda films, including Victory Through Air Power, which the Studio was producing in support of American military efforts during World War II.
By 1943, she moved from Ink and Paint to the Animation department, where she copied animators' drawings for the Color Model department and assisted animation supervisor Johnny Bond. As Bond's assistant, Becky helped farm out animation scenes to be drawn by artists.
Then, in 1947, she became a blue sketch artist for the Layout and Background department. There, she helped to trace and chart character movement within animated scenes for layout artists, as they created the rich and textured backgrounds that Disney characters moved against.
She returned to the Ink and Paint department in 1950 to serve as paint matcher and, later, final checker, ensuring that animation cels were properly drawn and colored. During the 1960s and early 70s, she worked in the newly-developed Xerox Camera department, followed by the Educational Films department, where she and her supervisor performed all Ink and Paint tasks.
Having worked on every Disney animated feature since 1943's Saludos Amigos, the seasoned and knowledgeable artist was promoted to manager of the Ink and Paint department in 1975. Becky Fallberg remained head of the department until 1986, when she retired after more than 45 years at The Walt Disney Studios.
Becky Fallberg passed away on October 9, 2007.
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Ilene Woods (1929–2010)
Voice • 2003
In 1948, as a favor for songwriter friends Mack David and Jerry Livingston, Ilene Woods recorded "Bibbidi-Bobbidi-Boo," "A Dream Is a Wish Your Heart Makes," and "So This Is Love." She didn't know that Walt Disney would hear the demo recordings and hire her as the title voice of his upcoming animated feature Cinderella "I learned a very good lesson," she later recalled. "Never pass up doing a good deed for friends!"
Born May 5, 1929, Ilene had wanted to become a schoolteacher. Her mother, however, guided her toward a singing and radio career and by 11, she starred in her own show which aired in her hometown of Portsmouth, New Hampshire. By 1944, she had her own weekly radio show on the ABC Network in New York City.
During World War II, she toured with the United States Army Air Forces Orchestra and many Hollywood stars, promoting war bonds. Because of her appearances for the USO, as well as at army and navy hospitals, she was invited to sing for President Franklin D. Roosevelt at his Hyde Park home Christmas party and for President Harry S. Truman at the White House the following year.
By the time she was 18, Ilene had worked with Bing Crosby, Al Jolson, and Paul Whiteman. She was a featured performer on Jack Carson's Sealtest Village Store, when selected from a field of nearly 400 hopefuls to voice Cinderella. During recording sessions, Walt would drop by to offer suggestions, including asking Ilene if she could harmonize with herself on "Oh Sing Sweet Nightingale."
She recalled, "It was such a beautiful sequence—Cinderella scrubbing the floor and each time a soap bubble would rise with another image of Cinderella, so would another voice. When we heard the finished product, Walt kidded, 'How about that? All of these years I've been paying three salaries for the Andrews Sisters, when I could have only paid one for you!'"
Walt once admitted to Ilene she was his favorite of the Disney heroines. She recalled, "Once I went into his office and he said to me, 'You're my favorite heroine, you know.' I said, 'You mean Cinderella?' 'Yes,' he said, 'there's something about that story I associate with.'
"I think it was the rags-to-riches tale," she says. "Of course, then I didn't know how many times Walt had risked it all to realize his dreams."
After Cinderella, Ilene moved into television, appearing on The Steve Allen ShowThe Gary Moore Show, and Arthur Godfrey and His Friends. During The Gary Moore Show, Ilene met her husband-to-be, Ed Shaughnessy, Johnny Carson's Tonight Show drummer, and raised two sons with him.
"Those were the happiest years of my life," she would later say.
In 1985, Ilene launched a new career as a portrait artist; she especially loved painting children's portraits.
On February 12, 2001, she appeared at a Cinderella Ball celebrating the 50th Anniversary of the motion picture, held at Disneyland. On her birthday the following May, Ilene Woods united with the voice of Sleeping Beauty, fellow Legend Mary Costa, for a Cinderella Birthday Ball held in Knoxville, Tennessee, benefiting Childhelp U.S.A.
Ilene Woods passed away on July 1, 2010, in Canoga Park, California.
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Hugh Attwooll (1914–1997)
Film • 2002
It didn't take long for associate producer/producer Hugh Attwooll's name to become synonymous with Disney motion pictures shot on location in England and Europe. In 1978, after lending his expertise to more than 20 motion pictures, he recalled, "Because I've been with Disney for so long, one associates me with the company. In fact, I've never signed one piece of paper with Disney, except to state that I'm a British citizen."
Born in Scotland in 1914, Hugh was a mere 14 years old when he stepped into the motion picture industry, working as a "gopher" at Worton Hall Studios in Isleworth, England. What began as a temporary job during the school holidays led to his promotion to "runner," followed by camera assistant.
Hugh subsequently dropped school, later recalling, "So I was hauled before the headmaster, who said, 'You'll never be anything more than an errand boy all your life.' And he was quite right, of course. I've been a highly paid errand boy ever since."
Among Hugh's early motion pictures was Downstream, starring Harold Huth, which brought him to Ealing Studios. Then, in 1932, he joined Gainsborough Studios as a gaffer until 1938, when he left to make newsreel films.
World War II interrupted Hugh's career, during which he served in the London Scottish Regiment as a major. He eventually attained the rank of lieutenant colonel.
After the War, he rejoined Gainsborough; there, he worked on such films as The Root of All EvilMy Brother's Keeper, and Good Time Girl. Hugh eventually made his way to Hollywood, where he worked at RKO as a technician for five months. While there, he visited most of the major movie studios except Disney.
Returning to England, Hugh worked at Pinewood Studios. He was concluding a contract with the Rank Organization when Disney production head Bill Anderson recruited him for the 1959 classic Kidnapped. By completion of that film, Hugh received a personal call from Walt Disney saying, "I want you to go down to Spain because we've got a thing going for us down there called Von Drake in Spain."
Over the years, Hugh contributed to myriad Disney motion pictures, including Greyfriars Bobby in 1961, In Search of the Castaways in 1962, The Moon-Spinners in 1964, Candleshoe in 1978, and Watcher in the Woods in 1980. Among his favorite Disney projects was The Littlest Horse Thieves in 1977, which he described as "beautifully mounted in every direction."
In between Disney projects, Hugh also contributed to such non-Disney fare as David Copperfield starring Sir Laurence Olivier, Persecution with Lana Turner, and Jane Eyre starring George C. Scott.
After more than 50 years in the motion picture industry, and more than 20 years with Disney, Hugh Attwooll retired in 1981. He passed away on April 29, 1997, in Harlow, Essex, in England.
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Bob Broughton (1917–2009)
Film • 2001
Bob Broughton devoted his skill as a camera effects artist to nearly every Disney motion picture from Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs in 1937 to The Black Hole in 1979. He also sprinkled his infectious enthusiasm like pixie dust over fellow cast members and, after retiring in 1982, remained Disney's greatest cheerleader while coordinating the Studio's Golden 'Ears Retirement Club for 15 years.
Bob fondly recalled, "I had one of the best jobs anyone could have, with a one-of-a-kind organization and incredibly talented people."
Born September 17, 1917, in Berkeley, California, Bob attended the University of California at Los Angeles, studying chemistry, physics, math, and optics. He joined Disney in 1937, delivering mail to Studio offices before stepping into the camera department. There, he shot test camera on Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, a step in production to check the continuous action of animated scenes before photographing the final product.
Bob quickly graduated to the more technically advanced multiplane camera, photographing artwork painted on glass up to six layers deep and giving depth to animated scenes in such features as Pinocchio.
In 1940, as one of two operators of an advanced camera and crane, Bob transferred to the newly formed special photographic effects department shooting effects for Fantasia. These included the transparent flying ghosts featured in the film's "Night on Bald Mountain" sequence. His technical mind, keen eye, and steady hand soon won him a promotion to camera department supervisor.
While in this new position, Bob branched out into scene planning, developing mechanics for multiplane camera scenes as well as overseeing optical printing on Disney's first movie to combine live action and animation, Saludos Amigos in 1942.
During World War II, Bob left Disney to serve in the United States Army as a cameraman in the field photographic branch of the Office of Strategic Services, headed by Hollywood director John Ford. Based in Washington, D.C., he photographed an Oscar®-winning film, directed by Ford, documenting the Battle of Midway.
After the War, Bob returned to the Studio as assistant to technical wizard and fellow Legend Ub Iwerks. By the 1950s, he began contributing effects to live-action motion pictures and worked with such celebrities as Julie Andrews, Maureen O'Hara, and Dean Jones. For a time, Bob Broughton even photographed Walt's lead-ins for the weekly television series Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color.
As a talented camera effects artist on both animated and live-action motion pictures, Bob's job was to create spectacular effects in a subtle way. For instance, in Mary Poppins, he helped Dick Van Dyke dance with animated penguins by using color traveling matte composite cinematography, an award-winning technology that combined live-action and animated actors.
"If it looked like we doctored up a scene," Bob later recalled, "we were a failure. Our effects weren't supposed to be obvious."
Bob Broughton passed away on January 19, 2009, at the age of 91, in Rochester, Minnesota.
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Al Taliaferro (1905–1969)
Publishing • 2003
When Donald Duck was a show biz fledgling, artist Al Taliaferro saw his potential to become a really big star—in the comic strips. As Disney Legend Floyd Gottfredson once recalled about his colleague, "Al was dying for his own comic strip. He was a pretty ambitious guy, hard working, and a fast worker, too. Donald Duck had been introduced in the animated pictures, and Al thought he would be a great character for him to develop for the comics."
Charles Alfred Taliaferro was born on August 29, 1905, in Montrose, Colorado, and from a young age felt the cartoonist's tug. He moved with his family to Southern California and graduated from Glendale High School in 1924, where he immersed himself in art history.
Al went on to take art correspondence courses, while honing his drawing skills at the California Art Institute. In 1931, he joined the Disney flock as an assistant to artist Floyd Gottfredson, inking the "Mickey Mouse" daily and Sunday comic strips.
Donald Duck made his grand debut in the 1934 animated short, The Wise Little Hen and, a year later, migrated to newspapers, appearing in the Silly Symphony Sunday comic strip series drawn and inked by Al. After Donald's introduction to the comic strip world, Al began lobbying Company co-founder Roy O. Disney for a "Donald Duck" daily. The only other Disney character to have a daily comic strip at the time was Mickey Mouse.
Initially, Al's idea didn't fly with Roy. Donald, after all, was different from Mickey. He didn't fix trouble, he made trouble. He wasn't a hero, but more often was his own worst enemy. He was ornery and feisty, cantankerous, and audacious.
Al persisted, however, and on February 7, 1938, Donald Duck debuted in his very own daily comic strip, drawn and inked by Al, written by his comic colleague Bob Karp, and syndicated by King Features. True to Al's prediction, Donald's daily comic strip proved a "quacking" success.
The artist, however, had yet another fine feathered idea—actually, three of them—tucked up his sleeve, Donald's nephews, Huey, Dewey, and Louie. Soon after the trio debuted in the comic pages, they broke onto the big screen in their first animated short, Donald's Nephews, released April 15, 1938.
A memo to Al from the animation story department, dated February 5, 1937, reads, "Inasmuch as we have decided to actually put a story crew to work on 'Donald's Nephews,' we would like to recognize the source from which the original idea of these new characters sprang… Thanks."
Not only was Al inspired, but he found inspiration for his characters everywhere. As Lucy Taliaferro Yarick, Al's wife and a former Disney inker and painter recalled, once when Al disliked a new hat she had bought, it appeared in the comic strip to her surprise… worn by a "very large woman."
Alfred Taliaferro passed away on February 3, 1969, in Los Angeles.
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Cliff Edwards (1895–1971)
Voice • 2000
Cliff Edwards' uniquely ebullient voice won him the role as Jiminy Cricket in Pinocchio and resulted in one of the most inspirational of Disney songs, the Oscar®-winning "When You Wish Upon a Star."
As film critic Leonard Maltin wrote for a Cliff Edwards musical compilation released under the Take Two label, "His casting as the voice of Jiminy Cricket has granted him a kind of immortality; what man, woman or child hasn't heard him sing 'When You Wish Upon a Star?'"
Born in Hannibal, Missouri, on June 14, 1895, Cliff ran away from home at 14. He eventually landed in St. Louis, where he sang for nickels in saloons.
He learned the ukulele and developed an unusual singing style that he called "eefin," where he created a kazoo-like sound with his elastic, three-octave range voice. When a waiter couldn't remember his name, nicknaming him Ike, Cliff began to bill himself as "Ukulele Ike."
While living in Chicago he worked with pianist Bobby Carleton, who wrote the song "Ja Da;" the duo transformed it into one of the biggest hits of the 1920s. Almost overnight, Cliff became a popular crooner due to such recordings as "June Night."
On the stages of New York, Cliff worked with many stars of the time, including stuttering comedian Joe Frisco at the Palace Theatre. In 1924, he stole the show in George Gershwin's Lady Be Good, starring Fred Astaire, when he introduced the song "Fascinatin' Rhythm." He later replaced Rudy Vallee as the star of George White's Scandals.
In 1928, Cliff arrived in Los Angeles and signed a four-year contract with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, debuting in the Robert Montgomery feature So This Is College? He went on to introduce the song "Singin' in the Rain" in The Hollywood Revue of 1929, and established himself as a bona fide film star with appearances in more than 100 motion pictures including Gone With the Wind.
After Pinocchio, Cliff encored the voice of Jiminy Cricket in such Disney films as 1947's Fun and Fancy Free. In the years that followed, he would appear as himself, with ukulele in hand, or vocally as Jiminy Cricket in more than 30 episodes of the popular television series Mickey Mouse Club. Cliff also voiced one of the crows in the 1941 animated feature Dumbo, in which he introduced the infectious "When I See an Elephant Fly." In 1956, he recorded his final album, Ukulele Ike Sings Again," for the Disneyland label.
Cliff Edwards passed away on July 17, 1971, in Hollywood, California.
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Joe Ranft (1960–2005)
Animation • 2006
Joe Ranft was widely respected as one of the top story artists in the animation industry. He was one of seven writers nominated for an Academy Award® for best original screenplay for Toy Story, but Joe spent most of his time drawing storyboards for animated films.
"I don't know if people really understand what I do," he said in a 1998 interview. "When I say that I do story for animation, they say, 'Oh, you're a writer!' If I tell them I'm kind of a writer, but I draw, they get this puzzled look. But when I say, 'I'm the voice of Heimlich,' the light bulb goes on and they say, 'Oh, great!'"
Telling stories in one form or another was Joe's lifelong passion. Born on March 13, 1960, in Pasadena, California, he grew up in Whittier, where his early interests included movies, drawing, performing in school plays, and doing sleight-of-hand magic.
Joe entered the character animation program at the California Institute of the Arts in the fall of 1978. As a student, he was inspired by Bill Peet's storyboards from the 1946 Disney feature Song of the South.
Joe left CalArts for The Walt Disney Studios in 1980, where he quickly established a reputation as an exceptional story artist, contributing to Oliver & CompanyWho Framed Roger RabbitBeauty and the BeastThe Lion King, and Fantasia 2000 and overseeing story on The Rescuers Down Under. While at Disney he had become friends with John Lasseter, who later became the top creative executive at Walt Disney and Pixar Animation Studios.
Joe moved to Pixar to serve as story supervisor on Lasseter's Toy Story, the first computer-animated feature film. His understanding of story structure and his talent for creating emotionally complex characters that audiences cared about won him a place in the core group of artists at Pixar.
"Joe was really a major part of Pixar's soul," Pete Docter, director of Monsters, Inc. and Up, once said. "He was one of the key players who made all the films what they are."
Joe got the role as Heimlich in A Bug's Life after John Lasseter noticed that his wife, Nancy, laughed harder at Joe's temporary dialogue during production than she did at the actor hired to voice the caterpillar.
Joe served as story supervisor on Toy Story 2 and provided the voice for Wheezy the asthmatic penguin. He was credited with additional story material for Monsters, Inc. and oversaw the story on Lasseter's Cars.
Joe was killed in an automobile accident on August 16, 2005. He leaves behind a legendary storytelling legacy.
"Joe had a great passion for telling stories, and he told them better than anyone," John Lasseter once said. "He was funny, poignant, original, and he had an infallible sense for how to structure a story." "He created stories and lived his life by two philosophies, one of which hung on his office door: THE JOURNEY IS THE REWARD. The other was: TRUST THE PROCESS," recalled fellow story artist Brenda Chapman. "He was so passionate, so in love with storytelling." Ranft himself once humbly reflected, "I have this notion that there's a story there that wants to be told, and you're just trying to find out what it is. And you go from trying to lead it to listening and letting it lead you."
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Neil Beckett (1923–1994)
Consumer Products • 2003
Neil Beckett, Disney representative to New Zealand, was, as former vice chairman of The Walt Disney Company Roy E. Disney recalled, "a big, affable, bearded bear of a guy who seemed to know—and love—everyone in the country."
He was also among the most colorful and bold of Disney's real-life characters.
As his cousin Noel Beckett described, "One year, when Neil and his wife Jenny were visiting the Brisbane Expo, Neil couldn't stand the length of the queues. So he went down the road and hired a wheelchair. When they returned to the Expo, Jenny wheeled him around and they jumped in front of all the queues."
Born Cornelius Kelleher Beckett on November 10, 1923, in the village of Linton, New Zealand, Neil was the son of a retailer and a homemaker. At 15, he attended Silver Stream Boarding School in nearby Wellington and upon graduation was commissioned into the nation's Naval forces. During World War II, he served as a sub-lieutenant aboard frigates that patrolled the northern coast of the country to guard against enemy invasion.
After the war, Neil moved to Auckland. There he started an advertising and public relations firm, Beckett Agencies Ltd., which also developed novelty and premium items for businesses and corporations. At the suggestion of an associate, Alfred Holdsworth, who happened to be a Disney licensee in New Zealand, Neil met Australian Disney representative Wal Granger. Soon after, on October 4th, 1964, Neil was named Disney's sole representative in New Zealand.
Neil's wife Jenny recalled, "When Neil first began, there was very little Disney merchandise to be found in New Zealand. He built up the market very much, however, from the moment he took on the task." As a result, Neil's name eventually became synonymous with the Company.
As Roy Disney said, "Neil was a great promoter in New Zealand and was thought of by everyone there as 'Disney.'"
His efforts soon spread to Australia as well, when Disney licensees in New Zealand and Australia began to share pre-production costs for producing dies, molds, film positives, and more. Neil worked with Granger to help develop promotions used by licensees on both sides of the Tasman Sea, including miniature Disney comic books used as premiums with the sale of gasoline at service stations. Similar promotions followed for Wheaties cereal foods and Chelsea Tea, which printed Disney comic strips on their packets.
After devoting 25 years to building Disney's presence in New Zealand, Neil retired in 1989. Neil passed away on February 6, 1994 in Auckland.
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Dick Jones (1927–2014)
Voice • 2000
Dick Jones was 10 years old and already a veteran actor in Hollywood when Walt Disney cast him as the voice of Pinocchio in 1939. The young actor, whose screen name was "Dickie" Jones, had already appeared in nearly 40 motion pictures, including Stella Dallas with Barbara Stanwyck, Wonder Bar with Al Jolson and Dick Powell, and Daniel Boone with George O'Brien and John Carradine.
He later recalled, "At the time, Pinocchio was just a job. Who knew it would turn out to be the classic that it is today? I count my lucky stars that I had a part in it."
Born February 25, 1927, in McKinney, Texas, Dick had been discovered by western film star Hoot Gibson by age three. Gibson was appearing in a rodeo in the youngster's hometown. "Hoot told my mother I ought to be in pictures and sponsored our trip to Hollywood," said Dick, who went on to work with practically every cowboy actor including Buck Jones, Ken Maynard, and Bill Elliott.
Among his memories of Pinocchio, Dick recalled donning a puppet costume and acting out scenes for a live-action film study to which animators could refer. And when there was a lull in recording lines, remembered Dick,
"Mr. Disney would take an old storyboard drawing, pin it up on a four-by-eight celotex sheet, and start a dart game with me using pushpins. He was good at throwing pushpins, underhand, and making them stick with fantastic accuracy. He always won the game."
During the 19 months Dick worked on Pinocchio, he also managed to complete roles in Mr. Smith Goes to Washington and Destry Rides Again, both starring James Stewart, as well as other features.
In 1944 he was drafted into World War II. By the time he finished training, the war was over. After his Christmas Day discharge in 1946, Dick appeared in a few more films; his favorite was Rocky Mountain, starring Errol Flynn. As he once pointed out, the film "marks the first time in motion picture history the United States Cavalry arrived too late—we all died."
In 1949, he debuted in television when Gene Autry hired him as a stuntman for his Flying A Productions. During this time, Dick played Jock Mahoney's sidekick in The Range Rider, a western series, which led to his own series, Buffalo Bill, Jr. He went on to guest star on other television shows, including GunsmokeAnnie Oakley, and The Lone Ranger. In all, Dick worked on nearly 100 films and more than 200 television episodes.
By 1959, he retired from show business and began a new career in real estate. In 1992, Dick founded his own agency, White Hat Realty.
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Jimmy MacDonald (1906–1991)
Voice • 1993
Jimmy Macdonald was a one-man sound effects wizard. Over his 48-year career with Disney, he created and assembled one of the largest and most impressive sound effects libraries in motion picture history. Beginning in 1934, he added extra dimension to all of Disney's animated shorts and features including even more current offerings such as the Mouseworks television series. He also worked on the soundtracks for most of the Studio's live-action films up through the mid-1980s. But perhaps most notable to fans was his greatest role: that of Mickey Mouse, to whom Jimmy gave voice from 1946 until 1977.
Born John James Macdonald in Dundee, Scotland, on May 19, 1906, Jimmy came to the United States when he was only a month old. He grew up in the Philadelphia area and received a correspondence school degree in engineering before moving to California in 1927. His first job was with the Burbank Engineering Department.
In 1934, he was playing drums and percussion for the Dollar Steamship Lines when the band, in between cruises, was called to the Disney Studios to record for a Mickey Mouse short. Jimmy stayed on to work in the newly formed Disney Sound Effects Department, doing vocal effects and cartoon voices.
His voice repertoire included yodeling, whistling, and sneezing for the Dwarfs in Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, barks for Pluto, and, on many occasions, the excitable, high-pitched voices of Chip and Dale.
Rarely was there a sound Jimmy could not make with one of the more than 500 innovative Rube Goldberg-like contraptions that he built from scratch. He could create sounds as obscure as a spider web shimmering or a friendly bumblebee washing up before supper. Animator and Disney Legend Xavier Atencio once recalled, "If he couldn't get a particular sound he wanted from one of those gizmos, Jimmy would do it with his mouth."
In 1946, Walt Disney handpicked Jimmy to be his successor as the official voice of Mickey Mouse, beginning with the "Mickey and the Beanstalk" segment of Fun and Fancy Free. Jimmy provided the famed mouse's familiar falsetto on all film and television projects up until the late 1970s.
On screen, Jimmy was the silhouetted figure of a timpani player in Fantasia. Four decades later, in 1982, he assisted conductor and Disney Legend Irwin Kostal in the digital re-recording of that film. As an original member of the popular jazz group, "The Firehouse Five Plus Two," Jimmy played drums and made several Disney television appearances in the 1950s. In the live-action film arena, he supplied sound effects for everything from the Academy Award®-wining True-Life Adventures series up through The Black Hole in 1979. For the 1977 animated feature The Rescuers, he came out of retirement to provide sounds for the feisty dragonfly, Evinrude.
Jimmy Macdonald passed away on February 1, 1991, in Los Angeles.
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Al Dempster (1911–2001)
Animation • 2006
It is only in more recent years, with the increased study of the animation art form, that the skill of the background artist has been celebrated. Far more than a simple backdrop for character action, a good background involves the combination of several talents—staging, color styling, and lighting—while maintaining a visual "anonymity" with the viewing audience. Disney has had several superstar background artists: Sam Armstrong, Maurice Noble, Claude Coats, Walt Peregoy, Ralph Hulett, Thelma Witmer, Eyvind Earle, Frank Armitage… and Al Dempster.
Albert Taylor Dempster was born on July 23, 1911, in Atlantic City, New Jersey. He studied for four and a half years at the Art Center School in downtown Los Angeles, shortly after that institution's founding. Al joined the staff of the Walt Disney Studios on Hyperion Avenue as a layout trainee in March 1939, and within a few months transferred to the Background Department.
It was here, over the next several years, that Al contributed his art to the creation of the Disney animated features FantasiaDumboSaludos AmigosVictory Through Air PowerThe Three CaballerosMake Mine Music, and Song of the South.
Al left the Studio in 1945, but by 1952 had returned to work on Peter Pan. He continued to bring his artistry to the features Lady and the TrampSleeping BeautyOne Hundred and One DalmatiansThe Sword in the StoneThe Jungle BookThe AristocatsBedknobs and BroomsticksRobin Hood, and The Rescuers, as well as all the Winnie the Pooh featurettes.
Al left perhaps an even more intimate and enduring legacy in his work on the design and illustration of more than a dozen Disney Golden Books.
Always concerned with controlling the quality of Disney art, Walt would often assign the illustration of books to Studio staff between their other projects. Illustration work by the likes of Disney Legends Mary Blair, Bill Justice, and John Hench is immortalized in many perennially published Disney storybooks.
Walt insisted that some of the studio artists get involved in these book illustrations and he particularly enjoyed seeing the various interpretive approaches that these artists would take, commented Ken Shue, vice president art & design for Disney Publishing Worldwide. In the spirit of every new assignment that Walt gave, he told them to approach storybook illustration in a way that only The Walt Disney Studios would approach it. In other words, given that they were already the world's greatest storytellers on screen, what would they bring to books that would be innovative, defining, but especially quality in terms of artwork and storytelling?
Al's illustrations for Santa's Toy ShopWalt Disney's Mother Goose, and Walt Disney's Uncle Remus Stories are especially fondly remembered, as are his pictures for the Golden Book editions of Three Little PigsSnow White and the Seven DwarfsPinocchio, and Alice in Wonderland.
His painting for the cover of the Alice in Wonderland Little Golden Book is considered by many to be the Mona Lisa of Disney storybook illustration, Shue once said. Al loved illustrating books, and that these were done at a time when the studio atmosphere was much like a school, where invention and new ways of tackling any visual storytelling format was exciting and fun. And, boy, it sure shows in the work!
In 1966, at Walt's personal request, Al donated his time and talent to the creation of the Queen of the World shrine at the St. Elizabeth Hospital in Red Bluff, California. Working from Al's detailed drawings, Italian sculptor Pasquini Enzo sculpted the central figure of Mary, Mother of God.
Al was the father of five and grandfather of 14. He retired to Los Osos, California in July of 1973, where he passed away on June 28, 2001 at the age of 89.
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Paul Frees (1920–1986)
Film, Parks & Resorts & Television • 2006
During his lengthy career, the voice of actor Paul Frees was not so much ubiquitous as inescapable, said film historian Hal Erickson. It was literally impossible during the 1960s and most of the 1970s to turn on the TV on any given night and not hear the ineluctable Mr. Frees.
Born Solomon Hersh Frees in Chicago on June 22, 1920, he began his acting career in 1942, and remained active for over forty years. During this time, he was involved in more than 250 films, cartoons, and television appearances; like many voice actors, his appearances were often uncredited.
Gifted with an amazing ear and versatile voice from an early age, Paul's early radio career was cut short when he was drafted during World War II. He was wounded in action at Normandy on D-Day and returned to the United States for a year of recuperation. He attended the Chouinard Art Institute under the G.I. Bill, but his first wife's failing health forced him to drop out and return to radio work.
He was the star of The Player, a syndicated anthology series in which he played all the roles. He appeared frequently on such Hollywood radio series as EscapeSuspenseGunsmokeCrime Classics, and The Green Lama. Paul began working in films in 1948, sometimes as an on-screen actor, but most often utilizing his chameleonic voice acting ability. In 1956, when Chill Wills was unavailable to provide the talking mule's voice for Francis in Haunted House, Paul replaced him, recreating Wills' drawl; when Tony Curtis' Josephine in Some Like It Hot required a more melodious falsetto, Paul supplied it.
Paul was often called upon in the 1950s and 1960s to loop the dialogue of other actors, often to correct for foreign accents, lack of English proficiency, or poor line readings by non-professionals. These dubs extended from a few lines to entire roles.
Whenever Japanese film star Toshiro Mifune appeared in an English-language film like Grand Prix or Midway, he would insist that his heavily accented voice be looped by Frees; Mifune claimed that, "Paul sounds more like me than I do."
He was a regular presence in Jay Ward cartoons, providing the voices of Boris Badenov and Inspector Fenwick in Dudley Do-Right, among many others. He spent major parts of his career working with at least nine of the major animation production companies of the 20th century: The Walt Disney Studios, Walter Lantz Studio, UPA, Hanna-Barbera, Filmation, MGM, DePatie-Freleng, Jay Ward, and Rankin-Bass Productions. Paul began working for Disney dubbing voices for television and features, including narration for the Man in Space series, From Aesop to Hans Christian Andersen, the Boys of the Western Sea serial, The Nine Lives of Elfego BacaTonkaTales of Texas John SlaughterThe Absent-Minded ProfessorMoochie of Pop Warner FootballThe Ballad of Hector, the Stowaway Dog, and The Monkey's Uncle. For The Ugly Dachshund , he looped the voice of Eddie entirely, since actor Richard Wessel had passed away after the completion of principal photography.
Most famously, Paul's comedic Germanic accent and free-wheeling improvisational ability brought personality and popularity to Donald Duck's nutty Uncle, Professor Ludwig Von Drake, who was introduced on An Adventure in Color and subsequently became a frequent host of Disney's Sunday night television institution, as well as a star of Disneyland Records.
For the 1964-1965 New York World's Fair, Paul was the sonorous narrator of the Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln pre-show at the Illinois Pavilion. For Disneyland, he provided the dramatic you are there narration for Adventure Thru Inner Space. Some of his most memorable voice performances are still playing today at Disney Parks: Paul is the Ghost Host in the Haunted Mansion, and many of the various Pirates of the Caribbean.
Paul Frees passed away on November 2, 1986, in Tiburon, California. When asked if he ever had reason to resent the relative anonymity of his art form, he replied, "Sometimes, yes. But it's nothing I can't overcome when I look at the bank balance."
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Harry Archinal (1928–2017)
Administration • 2009
Harold P. "Harry" Archinal, the man widely considered to have practically invented the international film distribution business, was the only child of Harry Paul Archinal and Catherine L. Peters. Born in Brooklyn, New York, on June 3, 1928, he was, in a sense, "born" into the movie business. His father had worked for Samuel Goldwyn Productions for 39 years as company treasurer.
Having received a bachelor of arts from Wagner College, in Staten Island, New York, Harry was drafted into the Army in 1951 and served three years in the Signal Corps. He attained the rank of first lieutenant and served overseas in Japan and South Korea before leaving the Army in 1953.
Following his discharge, Harry started working for Disney in March 1954 as a clerk in the foreign department at the New York office of the Buena Vista Distribution Company, which was founded by Disney in 1953 to distribute its films. It was a part-time position that earned Harry $50 per week while he continued his graduate work for a master of arts in history, which he was eventually awarded from Georgetown University in Washington, D.C.
After receiving his degree, Harry joined Buena Vista International as Latin America sales supervisor. He became general sales manager for the foreign division and then vice president before eventually being named president of Buena Vista International in 1972. He married Beatrix M. Treuherz in Copenhagen on November 1, 1974.
"Harry Archinal is one of the great pioneers in the world of international film distribution, as well as a central figure in establishing Disney's great success in overseas markets," said Dick Cook, former chairman of The Walt Disney Studios.
"From his humble beginnings as a sales supervisor for Buena Vista International in Latin America to his 16-year reign as president of the division, Harry always conducted business in a fair and friendly manner that reflected his personal style and earned him an incredible reputation in the industry. During my years in distribution, I learned a lot from Harry, and always had tremendous respect and admiration for him as an executive and as a person. Being named a Disney Legend officially recognizes Harry's great contributions to our Company."
On January 1, 1988, after 33 years with The Walt Disney Company and 16 as president of Buena Vista International, Harry retired from the Company where he had spent his entire career. At that time, Jeffrey Katzenberg, then Disney Studios chairman, said, "Harry has greatly contributed to Disney's tremendous stature and success in overseas markets for many years with his keen instincts regarding foreign marketing and distribution. The record-breaking box office figures set by many of our animated releases, new product as well as reissues, reflect favorably on his leadership abilities."
After retiring from Disney, Harry became an executive vice president at Introvision, a special effects firm that applied its unique "Introvision" technique to dozens of Hollywood blockbusters in the 1980s and 1990s, including Disney's Adventures in Babysitting and Columbia's Stand By Me. He passed away on Saturday, May 13, 2017, at the age of 88.
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Don DaGradi (1911–1991)
Animation & Film • 1991
Screenwriter Don DaGradi always called himself a "misplaced cartoonist" at heart. He began his career painting backgrounds for Disney animated films and, ultimately, went on to co-script such memorable films as the Academy Award® winning Mary Poppins. Yet it was Don's skill as an artist and his love of visual gags that enhanced the fun and fantasy of Disney's live-action films.
In their book, Walt's Time: From Before to Beyond, songwriters Richard and Robert Sherman described Don as "the sort of guy who wrote with a sketch pad and a charcoal pencil. He could visualize the sequences right there on paper and you could actually see them come to life.
"Almost everything you see [in Mary Poppins]—the entire "Jolly Holiday" sequence, people floating through the air and flying up the chimney—these visions were created by Don DaGradi. Our praise for Don is endless."
Born in 1911 to an Italian father and British mother in New York City, Don grew up in San Francisco, California. He later moved to Los Angeles to study painting at Chouinard Art Institute, and, like many of his fellow students, joined the Walt Disney Studio at the height of the Depression in the mid-1930s.
Before long, the multi-talented artist moved from painting backgrounds to the Story Department, where he wrote for Disney's animated shorts. He went on to serve as art director on such films as Dumbo, and to design layouts for The Three CaballerosMake Mine MusicFun and Fancy Free, and Melody Time. Don also developed color and styling for such Disney animated classics as The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. ToadCinderellaAlice in Wonderland, and Peter Pan, and later worked on story for Lady and the Tramp and production design for Sleeping Beauty.
In 1959, Don broke into live-action film production when Walt asked him to design the underground cavern sequences for Darby O'Gill and the Little People. He later developed story sketches for Kidnapped and served as sequence consultant on PollyannaThe Absent-Minded Professor, and The Parent Trap.
In 1962, he collaborated with fellow Disney Legend Bill Walsh on the live-action screenplay, Son of Flubber, followed by Mary Poppins. Their overwhelming success on that project led Don and Bill to write additional screenplays, including Lt. Robin Crusoe, U.S.N.Blackbeard's GhostScandalous JohnBedknobs and BroomsticksThe Love Bug, and more.
Amidst Don's many contributions to film, Walt also tapped his artistic genius to design costumes, including band uniforms, for Disneyland cast members, and exteriors for attractions including Mr. Toad's Wild Ride. After 34 years with the company, Don retired in 1970.
Don DaGradi passed away on August 4, 1991, in Friday Harbor, Washington.
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Peter Jennings (1938–2005)
Television • 2006
As one of America's most distinguished journalists, Peter Jennings reported many of the pivotal events that have shaped our world. He was in Berlin in the 1960s when the Berlin Wall was going up, and in the 1990s when it came down. He was there when the Voting Rights Act was signed in the United States in 1965, and on the other side of the world when black South Africans voted for the first time. He was there when the independent political movement Solidarity was born in a Polish shipyard, and again when Poland's communist leaders were forced from power. And he was in Hungary, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Romania, and throughout the Soviet Union to record first the repression of communism and then its demise.
Born on July 29, 1938 in Toronto, Canada, Peter Charles Archibald Ewart Jennings was the son of Charles Jennings, the first news anchor and head of the news department at the CBC. Although he attended Lisgar Collegiate Institute and Trinity College School in Port Hope, Ontario, he never graduated from high school or college. He got his start in broadcasting at the age of nine, hosting a weekly half-hour CBC Radio kids' show called Peter's People, and, by age 23, Canada's first private television network, CTV, hired Peter to co-anchor its late-night national news.
Peter joined ABC News on August 3, 1964. He served as the anchor of Peter Jennings with the News from 1965 to 1967. He established the first American television news bureau in the Arab world in 1968 when he served as ABC News' bureau chief for Beirut, Lebanon. He held the position for seven years.
He helped put ABC News on the map in 1972 with his coverage of the Summer Olympics in Munich, when Arab terrorists took Israeli athletes hostage.
In 1975, Peter moved to Washington to become the news anchor of ABC's morning program A.M. America. After a short stint in the mornings, Jennings returned overseas to Rome; he later moved to London to become ABC's chief foreign correspondent. In 1978 he was named the foreign desk anchor for World News Tonight. He co-anchored the program with Frank Reynolds in Washington, D.C., and Max Robinson in Chicago until 1983.
Peter was named anchor and senior editor of World News Tonight in 1983, a position he would hold for more than 20 years. Former CBS Evening News anchor Dan Rather recalled, "Peter took his work very seriously. But he did not take himself seriously. And he was a little uncomfortable—very uncomfortable—with the word 'star,' and a little uncomfortable with the word 'anchor' because he really did think about himself as a 'reporter.'"
He reported from all 50 states and locations around the globe. His extensive domestic and overseas reporting experience was evident in the World News Tonight coverage of major crises. The series also tackled important domestic issues such as gun control policy, the politics of abortion, the crisis in funding for the arts, and a highly praised chronicle of the accused bombers of Oklahoma City.
Peter also led ABC's coverage of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks and America's subsequent wars. He anchored more than 60 hours that week during the network's longest continuous period of news coverage, and was widely praised. TV Guide called him "the center of gravity," while The Washington Post wrote, "Jennings, in his shirt sleeves, did a Herculean job of coverage." That coverage earned ABC News Peabody and duPont awards.
In fact, he was honored with almost every major award given to television journalists, including 16 Emmys®, two George Foster Peabody Awards, several Alfred I. duPont-Columbia University Awards, several Overseas Press Club Awards, and two consecutive Edward R. Murrow awards for best newscast.
Peter Jennings passed away on August 7, 2005, in New York City.
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William Garity (1899–1971)
Film • 1999
Bill Garity gave Disney animation a technical edge. Among his contributions, the film pioneer helped put sound to the 1928 animated short Steamboat Willie, the first cartoon to feature synchronized sound. Walt Disney soon came to rely on Bill, naming him the Studio's first manager.
"Bill Garity is an unsung hero of Disney history," Dave Smith, Disney's Chief Archivist Emeritus, once said. "With his pioneering efforts in sound and camera techniques, he helped set Disney Studios apart from others, while his planning and supervisory expertise resulted in the building of a highly efficient Studio in Burbank."
Born in Brooklyn on April 2, 1899, Bill attended Pratt Institute of Art in New York. During World War I, he served two years with the Radio Research and Development section of the U.S. Signal Corps. After the War, he met radio pioneer Lee DeForest and, for the next seven years, helped develop early sound for film.
In 1927, Bill installed an audio sound system in New York's Capitol Theatre to accommodate the first newsreel with sound; it featured footage of aviator Charles Lindbergh's Washington reception after his successful Atlantic crossing.
A year later, Bill met Walt while developing the Cinephone motion picture recording system. Their meeting was fate; Walt was determined to lift animation to a unique storytelling art form, and Bill had the technical know-how to help him achieve his lofty goal.
With the success of Steamboat Willie and his new sound cartoons, Walt purchased Bill's recording system for his small Hollywood studio and asked if he would install it and train a technician.
Bill's anticipated 60-day trip to California lasted more than 13 years when he joined The Walt Disney Studios in 1929.
While there, Bill headed a department of 18 skilled engineers, who helped design, build, and extend the capabilities of the animated cartoon. The team, under Bill's able guidance, also created the multiplane camera, which gave depth to animated films beginning with the 1937 short The Old Mill. It was also used by such animated classics as PinocchioFantasia, and Bambi. The invention, which made it possible to create camera movements which simulated live-action films, earned an Academy Award® in the Scientific and Technical category.
In 1940, Bill's team invented "Fantasound," an innovative stereo system installed in theaters for Disney's classic Fantasia. The stereo system, which greatly enhanced the effect of the musical animation masterpiece, also earned a nod at the 1941 Academy Awards.
A year later, Bill left the Studio to pursue other entertainment ventures. He later served as vice president and production manager of Walter Lantz Studios.
Bill Garity passed away on September 16, 1971, in Los Angeles, California.
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Bill Anderson (1911–1997)
Animation, Film & Television • 2004
Bill Anderson was one of The Walt Disney Company's most prolific and trusted film and television producers; he also dedicated 24 years of service to its board of directors from 1960 to 1984. During his 44-year association with the Studio, Bill brought immense skill and personal philosophy to Disney family entertainment, once saying, "Tell a good story in a lighthearted manner. Family entertainment should be fun; life is melodramatic enough."
A native of Smithfield, Utah, born October 12, 1911, Bill followed his boyhood dream to become an actor, arriving in Los Angeles in 1929. During the Depression, he obtained minor roles on local radio stations and went to work for an auto financing subsidiary of Ford, where he rose to regional sales manager.
Casting calls weren't steady, though, so he landed a job at Firestone Rubber Company and used his small salary to enroll in pre-law, at Compton Junior College and later the University of Southern California.
In 1943, in the midst of World War II, Bill was hired by Disney when the Studio's artistic community was dedicated to producing training films for the United States Armed Forces.
He started in the Studio's production control department before being tapped to oversee the reorganization and expansion of feature animation's ink and paint department. This subsequently led Bill to a position as assistant to the Studio's production manager.
By 1951, Bill was named production manager for the Studio and, five years later, vice president in charge of studio operations. After the death of Walt Disney in 1966, Bill was selected to be part of a small group of producers who would guide Studio motion picture production over the next decade.
Among film and television contributions, Bill served as associate producer of the beloved Disney live-action classic "Old Yeller" in 1957, and went on to produce other memorable motion pictures including Third Man on the MountainSwiss Family RobinsonThe One and Only, Genuine, Original Family BandThe Computer Wore Tennis ShoesThe Barefoot ExecutiveThe $1,000,000 DuckThe Apple Dumpling GangThe Shaggy D.A.The Treasure of Matecumbe, and more.
For the small screen, Bill produced 58 episodes of Zorro during the late 1950s, as well as popular programs for The Wonderful World of Disney including "The Swamp Fox" series, "Texas John Slaughter," and "The Scarecrow of Romney Marsh." His feature film co-producing credits include Moon PilotSavage SamThe Fighting Prince of Donegal, and The Happiest Millionaire.
Bill Anderson passed away on December 28, 1997, in San Francisco, California.
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Richard Fleischer (1916–2006)
Film • 2003
Every Disney fan remembers the dramatic squid attack in Walt Disney's classic motion picture 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea. It certainly proved memorable for the film's director Richard Fleischer, who once recalled its dramatic staging challenges: "The squid that had been constructed was totally inadequate," he said. "It looked completely phony; pieces were falling off it.
"After we spent a lot of money and time shooting it, Walt and I finally decided to stop and go on to something else, while giving his geniuses a chance to revamp the creature.
"I was talking to the writer and we realized the concept was wrong. When we first did the sequence, it was done on a flat, calm sea at sunset, and everything was very clear; you could see the mechanics of the thing. We decided to stage the attack at night, during a storm at sea, so we had spray and wave and great excitement, while obscuring the action."
The son of animation pioneer Max Fleischer, who brought Betty Boop, Popeye, Superman, and other popular characters to the screen, Richard was born in Brooklyn, New York, on December 8, 1916. He studied drama at Yale School of Drama and joined New York's RKO-Pathé News in 1942, where he wrote newsreel commentaries and directed two-reel wartime documentaries for the This Is America series. He also wrote and produced Flicker Flashbacks, shorts compiled from silent film.
His successes won him a ticket to the RKO studio in Hollywood, where Richard directed a series of suspenseful B-film noirs, including 1948's Bodyguard, based on a story co-written by Robert Altman, followed by The Clay Pigeon in 1949, and Armored Car Robbery in 1950. The Narrow Margin, his 1952 thriller set aboard a train, is considered a classic in moviemaking today; in 1947, he co-produced the Oscar®-winning documentary feature Design for Death.
After directing The Happy Time, a 1952 charmer starring Bobby Driscoll, who had earlier starred in such Disney films as Song of the South and Treasure Island, Richard received a call to meet his father's arch rival Walt Disney at his Studio.
Richard recalls, "I was completely taken aback. I couldn't understand why he'd selected me to direct 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea. I said, 'I'd love to do this picture, but I'd like to talk with my father, first, knowing the competitive relationship you've both had."
"Walt agreed. I called my father in New York that night and told him the story. He said, 'Of course you must take that job without any question. Just do one thing. Give a message to Walt for me, tell him that he's got great taste in directors.'"
Even today, 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea remains one of Disney's most ambitious live-action films. After its 1954 release, Richard went on to direct many other big movies, including The Vikings (1958), Fantastic Voyage (1966), Doctor Dolittle (1967), Tora! Tora! Tora! (1970), Soylent Green (1973), and more.
In 1993, Richard published his autobiography Just Tell Me When to Cry; in 2001, he appeared in the documentary Walt Disney: The Man Behind the Myth.
Richard Fleischer passed away on March 25, 2006, in Woodland Hills, California.
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Art Babbitt (1907–1992)
Animation • 2007
As early as the 1942 publication of the first scholarly study of animation, The Art of Walt Disney by Dr. Robert Feild, Art Babbitt had gained a reputation as "The Greatest Animator Ever." Art was not only a stellar "performer with a pencil," but he was also a director, an activist, a tireless teacher, and—to this day—a remarkable influence in the field of animation.
Arthur Harold Babitsky was born on October 8, 1907, in Omaha, Nebraska. In 1912, his family relocated to Sioux City, Iowa, where, soon after high school, Art fell into drawing and crude animation to make ends meet. Soon he found he had a knack for the medium.
He went to New York to put himself through pre-med at Columbia College, but instead was inspired to become an animator when he saw Disney's The Skeleton Dance. He got a job at the Van Beuren Studio, and then became an animator for Paul Terry. In 1932 he joined Disney, and by 1941 he was a top artist. He took the minor character Dippy Dawg and developed him into Goofy, and animated the Queen in Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Geppetto in Pinocchio, the Chinese Dance in Fantasia, and Mr. Stork in Dumbo.
"He studied the acting theories of internalization of Stanislavsky and Boleslavsky, as any actor of his time would," animator Tom Sito later said. "Flinty, confrontational, indefatigable, and honest; straightforward to some, abrasive to others, Art was a warm friend and a tough opponent. He did things not because they were politic, but because they affected his sense of right and wrong," Sito continued.
Walt felt betrayed when Art resigned as head of the Disney company union in 1941 to join the Screen Cartoonist's Guild. Art led a bitter strike that forever changed the culture of the Studio, and Art and Disney were permanently estranged.
Art was a master sergeant in the Marines in World War II, after which he returned to Disney; he soon quit and wound up at UPA, where he was a principal animator on the acclaimed cartoon Rooty Toot Toot and several Mr. Magoo shorts. He later ran the advertising commercial department of Hanna-Barbera. In the 1970s, he worked with Richard Williams Studio in London. He retired in 1983.
"Art Babbitt was one of the great animation teachers," Sito said.
"He had the ability to put into words the processes most animators only knew by instinct."
Art lectured on animation throughout the 1960s and 1970s.
In 1973 Richard Williams suspended production so his artists could re-train under Art and his Warner Bros. colleague Ken Harris. Sito recalled, "Anybody who attended those lectures never forgot them. The notes from Art's London lectures were copied and recopied until they became the most widely read—if unpublished—animation manual of all time."
Stephen Worth posted a fond memory on the Animation Nation web site: "When Fantasia came out on home video," Worth said, "Roy [E.] Disney sent Art a copy with a short note that said, 'I want to give you long overdue thanks for your contribution to making Fantasia the classic film that it is.' Art was very proud of that note. He told me that any animosity that he had harbored all those years against the Disneys was cleared up by that simple act of kindness on Roy's part."
Art Babbitt passed away on March 4, 1992, in Los Angeles, California.
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Roone Arledge (1931–2002)
Television • 2007
Roone Arledge, president of ABC News, had a more profound impact on the development of television news and sports programming and presentation than any other individual. A 1994 Sports Illustrated ranking placed him third behind Muhammad Ali and Michael Jordan in a list of 40 individuals who have had the greatest impact on the world of sports in the last four decades. In addition, a 1990 Life magazine poll listed Roone as among the "100 Most Important Americans of the 20th Century."
Born in Forest Hills, New York on July 8, 1931, Roone received his B.A. at Columbia College in 1952, and began his broadcasting career as a production assistant at the DuMont Television Network. After serving in the Army, where he made radio public relations spots from 1953–1955, he returned to DuMont as a producer-director in 1955; he then moved to NBC as a stage manager, director, and producer.
In 1960, Roone moved from NBC to ABC, where as vice president of ABC Sports, he created what would become the longest-running and most successful sports program ever, ABC's Wide World of Sports, where he introduced such techniques as slow motion and instant replays. He was one of the first users of the Atlantic satellite, enabling him to produce live sporting events from around the world. Roone's "up close and personal" approach to sports features changed the way the world viewed competing athletes.
This success resulted in a promotion to president of the sports division in 1968, where Roone again elevated ABC's sports prominence with NFL Monday Night Football. This primetime sports blockbuster gave ABC the lock on ratings during its time slot, and helped elevate ABC Sports to the unchallenged leader of network sports programming. Roone's innovations were also successful for the 10 Olympic Games broadcasts he produced.
Despite his successful transformation of ABC Sports, his 1977 promotion to president of ABC News came as a surprise to many individuals, as Roone had no formal journalistic training.
"Peter Jennings and I were convinced hiring Roone was a big disaster," Ted Koppel recalled. "We went to see Fred Pierce [in 1977], who was then president of ABC. He listened to us explain why Roone should never become president of ABC News. Then he very politely ushered us out and ignored us."
Roone functioned as president of both ABC Sports and ABC News for nearly 10 years, and ABC was soon on the top of the network news business.
"Roone created the forum for each of us," Koppel later said. "Barbara Walters got 20/20, Peter Jennings got World News Tonight, I got Nightline, Sam Donaldson got PrimeTime Live, and ultimately Roone created This Week With David Brinkley."
His shows received virtually every broadcasting honor possible. In 1995, ABC News was the first-ever news organization to receive the Alfred I. duPont-Columbia University Award, given for the network's overall commitment to excellence.
Don Hewitt, the producer of 60 Minutes at CBS, and the only executive in network news whose longevity and influence rivaled Roone's, said, "Just about everything that's good in television has a Roone Arledge trademark on it."
Roone Arledge passed away on December 5, 2002, in New York City.
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Robert Stevenson (1905–1986)
Film • 2002
Whether it was flying Volkswagens, levitating nannies, leprechauns, or flubber he conjured, Director Robert "Bob" Stevenson's unusual knack for blending fantasy with credibility made anything seem possible in Disney live-action motion pictures. During the 1960s, the unpretentious craftsman directed nearly all of Disney's successful films, including the Academy Award®-winning Mary Poppins in 1964.
Born the youngest of 12, in Buxton, England, on March 31, 1905, Bob studied science at Cambridge University, excelling in aerodynamics. During his graduate studies in psychology, a research assignment involving filmgoers inspired him to pursue a motion picture career.
By 1934, he had directed and written the screenplay for his first motion picture, Nine Days a Queen. This was followed by Falling for YouKing Solomon's Mines, and more. In 1939 he moved to Hollywood, where he directed, among others, Tom Brown's School Days featuring Cedric Hardwicke, Back Street starring Margaret Sullivan, and Jane Eyre with Orson Welles.
During World War II, Hollywood producer Frank Capra recruited Bob to co-produce documentaries for the United States War Department, including a film covering the liberation of Rome. After the War, he resumed his career, directing the Dick Powell thriller To The Ends of the Earth, followed by I Married a CommunistWalk Softly Stranger, and The Las Vegas Story. In 1952, he directed about 100 television productions and penned scripts for GunsmokeAlfred Hitchcock Presents, and General Electric Theater.
Walt Disney tapped Bob in 1957 to direct the historical tale Johnny Tremain. He would go on to direct Old YellerDarby O'Gill and the Little PeopleKidnappedThe Absent-Minded ProfessorIn Search of the CastawaysThe Misadventures of Merlin JonesThe Love Bug, and many more.
The believable fantasy elements found in many of his motion pictures have been a source of inspiration for other filmmakers, as well. Stanley Kubrick was said to have seen Mary Poppins three times while prepping 2001: A Space Odyssey.
Bob once explained the secret of his success: "When I'm directing a picture, what I have in mind is a happy audience, enjoying it in a movie house."
Former Disney producer and fellow Legend Bill Walsh credited the director's keen sense of vision and attention to detail. He once said, "With Bob, you were always sure when the film finished that you had everything you needed; he covered it from all angles, so it was a cinch to cut together."
By 1977, Variety called Bob "the most commercially successful director in the history of films," while 19 of his features made a list of all-time top grossing movies published by American Film Magazine in 1978.
Despite his successes, he often remarked that filmmaking is "a team-effort—no one man can make a film."
Robert Stevenson passed away on September 4, 1986 in Santa Barbara, California.
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Leonard H. Goldenson (1905–1999)
Television • 2004
Leonard H. Goldenson, founder and former chairman of the board of the American Broadcasting Company, Inc., is one of television's unsung heroes. In contrast to his more flamboyant network rivals William Paley of CBS and David Sarnoff of NBC, Leonard quietly worked behind the scenes to influence the industry with his vision, innovation and daring. Always considered a gentleman by those who worked for him, Ted Koppel of ABC's Nightline recalled, "Leonard was hugely successful on the one hand; painfully modest on the other. He was the kind of guy who drove a car several years out-of-date."
Born in Scottdale, Pennsylvania, on December 7, 1905, Leonard discovered his love for motion pictures working summers at the local theater. In 1933, Paramount hired Leonard to reorganize its bankrupt movie theaters in New England and soon charged the 28-year-old Harvard Law School graduate with managing the entire chain of 1,700 theaters.
After witnessing an experimental television system at the New York World's Fair of 1939, Leonard saw television as the future of entertainment. In 1953, as head of United Paramount Theaters, he negotiated its merger with American Broadcasting, a failing collection of five television stations.
In 1954, Leonard defied skeptics who believed movie studios could not be lured into television. Walt Disney, seeking capital to finance his dream to build Disneyland, had been turned down by every network, studio, and bank. Fortunately, Leonard shared Walt's dream, and they struck a deal: in exchange for a share of the financing, the Studio provided ABC with a weekly series, first called Disneyland, and access to its animated film library. Leonard's alliance with Disney opened doors to subsequent television deals with other studios, including Warner Brothers, and Hollywood soon embraced the upstart medium.
In addition, Leonard transformed sports into primetime fare with Monday Night Football and international, live coverage of the Olympics. In the late 1970s, he led networks into the "made-for-TV" movies era. The Thorn BirdsThe Winds of War, and miniseries such as Alex Haley's Roots, a 12-hour drama, set record ratings.
Leonard was responsible for numerous other "firsts;" ABC was the first network to close caption; to air serials, animation, and soap operas during primetime; and to franchise westerns, doctor, detective, and action series. ABC was the only network to carry the McCarthy hearings gavel-to-gavel.
Always looking toward the future, Leonard guided ABC to invest in the cable business, including Lifetime, A&E, and the acquisition of most of ESPN.
In 1985, Leonard orchestrated the biggest, unprecedented corporate media merger in American history when he sold ABC to Capital Cities. Ten years later, Disney acquired ABC, reuniting the two pioneers-turned-giants.
Leonard Goldenson passed away on December 27, 1999, at his home near Sarasota, Florida.
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Mel Shaw (1914–2012)
Animation • 2004
Animator and story man Mel Shaw has been called one of Disney's "elder statesmen" of animation. Walt Disney, who personally recruited Mel to join his team, observed another side. During his early polo playing days, Mel first met Walt at the field, where Walt announced, "You ride like a wild Indian!" And thus, the door opened for Mel to infuse his passion into Disney animation.
Born Melvin Schwartzman in Brooklyn on December 19, 1914, Mel discovered his artistic bent at age 10, when selected as one of only 30 children from the state of New York to participate in the Student Art League Society. Two years later, his soap sculpture of a Latino with a pack mule won second prize in a Procter & Gamble soap carving contest, earning the young artist national notoriety.
In 1928, his family moved to Los Angeles, where Mel attended high school and entered a scholarship class at Otis Art Institute. But the teen had an itch to become a cowboy and ran away from home to work on a Utah ranch.
After four months of backbreaking work, he returned home and took a job creating title cards for silent movies at Pacific Titles, owned by Leon Schlesinger. With help from Schlesinger, two former Disney animators, Hugh Harman and Rudy Ising, had made a deal with Warner Bros. and soon Mel joined Harman-Ising Studios as animator, character designer, story man, and director. While there, he worked with Orson Welles storyboarding a live-action/animated version of The Little Prince.
In 1937, Mel arrived at Disney, contributing to Fantasia (1940), Bambi (1942), and The Wind in the Willows, which later became a segment in The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad (1949).
His Disney career was interrupted by World War II, when Mel served the U.S. Army Signal Corps as a filmmaker under Lord Lewis Mountbatten, helping produce films including a live action/animated documentary of the Burma campaign. He also served as art editor and cartoonist for the Stars and Stripes newspaper in Shanghai.
After the War, he ventured into business with Bob Allen, former MGM Studios animator. As Allen-Shaw Productions, Mel designed and created the original Howdy Doody marionette puppet for NBC; illustrated the first Bambi children's book for Disney; and designed children's toys, architecture, and even master plans for cities, including Century City, California.
In 1974, The Walt Disney Studios called upon Mel to help in the transition between retiring animators and the next generation of Disney artists. Mel offered skill and knowledge to such Disney motion pictures as The RescuersThe Fox and the HoundThe Great Mouse DetectiveBeauty and the BeastThe Lion King, and more.
Mel completed his autobiography Animator on Horseback at his home in Acampo, California. He passed away on November 22, 2012, in Reseda, California.
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Carson Van Osten (1945–2015)
Consumer Products • 2015
"I think I always knew that I'd be an artist," Carson Van Osten says, "and although I was too young to remember it, my parents told me that I said I wanted to draw cartoons for Walt Disney when I grew up." And since 1970, Carson Van Osten has done just that. He's helped bring Disney characters to life, in a wide breadth of media all around the world.
After attending the Philadelphia College of Art, Carson instead became a professional musician and recording artist, founding the rock group Nazz along with Todd Rundgren. Moving to Hollywood, he applied his artistic skills as an assistant animator, layout man, and background artist at Fine Art Films, creating animated titles and interstitial segments for The Sonny & Cher Comedy HourThe Ken Berry 'Wow' Show, Jonathan Winters' Hot Dog, and The Dean Martin Show. He also worked on the animated feature Shinbone Alley, based on the "Archy and Mehitabel" stories by Don Marquis.
He arrived at Walt Disney Productions in 1970, beginning as an illustrator of Mickey Mouse comic books.
"I did like to draw Mickey and Goofy stories from the start," Carson says. "And the Studio needed them more—Tony Strobl and Al Hubbard drew the ducks."
Carson became a staff comic strip artist and story man in 1974, working alongside legendary Disney comic artists Floyd Gottfredson and Manuel "Gonzy" Gonzales. "We all worked in the same big room and got to be great friends," Carson says. "They loved to talk about the early days at Disney." Carson was an interested and attentive listener. "I still think about Floyd often, especially when I draw Mickey in the 1930s style."
One of his best-known works is the Disney Comic Strip Artist's Kit, a seven-page primer on staging, perspective, and other design fundamentals inherent in comic panel art. It is still in use today, all around the world. "I wrote and drew those sketches around 1975, and I'm so tickled to know that people still find them helpful today. Frank Thomas saw it and used it for an animation class he was teaching at the Screen Cartoonists Guild. That's how some sketches wound up in the book that he and Ollie wrote, Disney Animation: The Illusion of Life."
In 1980, Carson became a manager in Creative Services for Disney Consumer Products, providing art supervision and concepts for Disney West Coast Licensing. He also oversaw motion picture tie-in advertising, Disney publications, and the Disney Music Company.
"I really liked the variety of work for 2D and 3D products, book or magazine art, record cover ideas, and more. It was changing and challenging every day."
In 1988 Carson took on the role of vice president in Creative Resources for Disney Consumer Products, providing art supervision and guidelines for art production, as well as helping to establish some of the first licensing style guides for the group. In 1994 he became vice president of Creative Services for the European regional office of Disney Consumer Products in Paris, and, starting in 1997, he was vice president of International Creative Development for the Disney Publishing Group. In that role, he provided art and editorial supervision for key international publishing projects.
Other projects to which Carson has contributed were the logo concepts for Mickey Mouse's 50th and 60th birthdays, The Walt Disney Studios, and the Disneyland Hotel clock tower "Mickey" at Disneyland Paris. More recently, he has served as a consultant for the Disney Epic Mickey and Where's MyMickey? games.
"I retired from Disney in 2000," Carson says, "but I have continued to do projects for my friends there as an outside consultant and illustrator. Most of my work is for books, but I've also done concepts for licensing, interactive games, and other areas, too; including seminars about the history of Disney Consumer Products.
Carson passed away Tuesday, December 22, 2015.
Altogether, I've been doing some kind of work for Disney regularly for the past 45 years."
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Frank Gifford (1930–2015)
Television • 2008
"Belief in oneself is one of the most important bricks in building any successful venture," said the legendary Frank Gifford, a celebrated football player and the prototype for the successful transition from the playing field of professional sports to the arenas of broadcasting, entertainment, and popular culture.
Born in Santa Monica, California, on August 16, 1930, Gifford began his NFL career with the New York Giants, playing both offense and defense. He made eight Pro Bowl appearances and five in the NFL Championship Game, the forerunner of the Super Bowl. In 1956, he was named Most Valuable Player of the NFL, and led the Giants to the NFL title over the Chicago Bears.
Gifford's move to broadcasting and entertainment began in 1957, while he was still an active player for the Giants. In 1959, he was a commentator on the CBS NFL pre-game show, and appeared in the film Up Periscope, as well as in advertisements for Jantzen Swimwear.
He lost 18 months in the prime of his career when he fell victim to one of the most brutal hits in NFL history. The resulting injury led him to retire from football. "Pro football is like nuclear warfare," Gifford said; "there are no winners, only survivors."
During this time he developed an unsold television crime drama pilot called Turnpike, and did occasional guest spots on TV shows such as Hazel.
He returned to the Giants in 1962, changing positions from running back to wide receiver. His eight Pro Bowl selections came in three different positions: defensive back, running back, and wide receiver. He retired again, this time for good, in 1964, and was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1977.
Gifford became a commentator for CBS Sports, and in 1971, he joined Howard Cosell and Don Meredith on ABC's Monday Night Football, a post he held until 1998. Gifford recalled, "People remember Don being a country bumpkin, which he wasn't, and Howard being a pain in the ass, which he was. I was the law and order."
Gifford was also reporter and commentator on other ABC programs, such as the 1972-1984 Summer Olympics, as well as the 1976-1988 Winter Olympics. In addition, he was host of ABC's Wide World of Sports and other ABC Sports specials, and guest hosted Good Morning America. Gifford even interviewed then-president Richard Nixon in 1971. In 1977, Gifford received an Emmy® Award as Outstanding Sports Personality.
Over the years, Gifford made numerous film appearances, including Paper Lion, Disney's The World's Greatest AthleteTwo Minute Warning, and Jerry Maguire. His memoir, The Whole Ten Yards, written with Harry Waters, was published in 1993.
In 1995, he was given the Pete Rozelle Award by the Pro Football Hall of Fame "for longtime exceptional contributions to radio and television in professional football." Gifford has been married since 1986 to singer, actress, and television host Kathie Lee Gifford. They have two children.
More than anything, Gifford remains enamored of the powerful unity that pro sports and broadcasting can provide. He recalled, "Governor Reagan had his arm around John Lennon, and he was explaining American football to him. Only on Monday Night Football would you get those two guys, who were poles apart, united."
The celebrated football player, broadcaster, and Disney Legend passed away on August 9, 2015, in Connecticut, at the age of 84.
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Walt Peregoy (1925–2015)
Animation • 2008
"As much as he wanted things his way, Walt Disney recognized he needed people on his staff that would challenge, disagree, and go against him in his own animation department," Disney Legend Floyd Norman recalled.
"Guys like Walt Peregoy knew that in order to keep animation alive and thriving, there was a need to move forward—even if it was over the objections of the boss."
Born Alwyn Walter Peregoy in Los Angeles, California in 1925, Walt spent his early childhood on a small island in San Francisco Bay. He was nine years old when he began his formal art training, attending Saturday classes at the California College of Arts and Crafts in Berkeley. When he was 12 years old, Walt's family returned to Los Angeles, where he enrolled in Chouinard Art Institute's life drawing classes. At age 17, he dropped out of high school and went to work for Disney as an in-betweener.
In 1942, he joined the Coast Guard, and served for three years. After World War II, he continued his art education, studying at the University de Belles Artes, San Miguel de Allende in Guanajuato, Mexico, and with Fernand Leger in Paris.
In 1951, with a young family in tow, Walt returned to the United States, and resumed his career with The Walt Disney Studios. Initially, he served as a designer and animator on Peter Pan (1953) and Lady and the Tramp.
Even on these more conventional projects, Walt's personal style began to surface. "I always asked myself," he later recalled, "how come their idea of realism is completely contradictory to a duck or a mouse or a baboon talking? That's not realism. It's freedom. So, why does a flower have to be put next to an airbrushed rock?"
Walt's unique style meshed well with that of his contemporary, stylist Eyvind Earle, and their work on the Academy Award®-nominated short Paul Bunyan was a departure for Disney. "My style was unusual for Walt Disney, but he tolerated me," Walt later said. Although, since he was "tolerated" for 14 years, the artist sheepishly admitted, "I had to be doing something right."
Walt was lead background painter on Sleeping Beauty, before embarking on his most ambitious, intelligent, and personal effort.
"To this day, Walt Peregoy's color styling in One Hundred and One Dalmatians remains a fine example of how color can be used creatively in animation while serving more than a merely decorative function," said modern animation authority Amid Amidi.
Walt continued at Disney on the features The Sword in the StoneMary Poppins, and The Jungle Book, after which he spent several years with Hanna-Barbera.
He returned to Disney in 1977, contributing his unique view to the design of EPCOT Center, where his influence included architectural facades, sculptures, and murals for The Land and Journey Into Imagination pavilions.
Later in life, Walt worked mostly in oil and pastels, and his work has been shown at the National Gallery, the Library of Congress, and the Corcoran Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C.
The same muses that drove his innovative work at Disney still spoke to him. "I listen for what should be there," Walt reflected. "If you really love to express yourself visually, it's a shame if you don't do it. If you keep ignoring the muse, it disappears."
Walt Peregoy passed away on January 16, 2015.
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Bob Schiffer (1916–2005)
Film • 2007
During his seven-decade career he dyed a camel, made a wiener dog look like Frankenstein's monster, turned Dean Jones into a shaggy dog, Jonathan Winters into a pumpkin, gave a tailless dog a prosthetic wagger, aged Burt Lancaster from age 18 to age 80, and glamorized a galaxy of stars including Joan Crawford, Paulette Goddard, Errol Flynn, and Cary Grant.
Robert J. Schiffer was born on September 4, 1916 in Seattle, Washington, where his father was a prominent businessman. During a stint as a merchant seaman, Bob discovered that the ship's barber was doing makeup for the guests of the Captain's Dinner—a costume affair—for five dollars a head.
Having previously painted seascapes, Bob set up his own paint pots and charged half that. His success led him to register for constructive anatomy and portrait painting at the University of Washington, which set him on a course to a career as a makeup artist.
Bob began his professional career in 1932 at age 17, when he did make-up for the Marx Brothers' Horse FeathersThe Last Days of Pompeii led to RKO Studios, where he worked on Becky Sharp, Hollywood's first three-strip Technicolor film. At RKO, his credits also included most of the classic Astaire/Rogers films. During this time, he earned his reputation as being an expert with ladies' makeup, creating innovative and stylish looks for Joan Crawford, Myrna Loy, Ingrid Bergman, and Rita Hayworth, among others.
During the 1930s, Bob also worked at other studios, including MGM, where he contributed as a makeup artist to such popular motion pictures as Mutiny on the BountyThe Good EarthA Night at the OperaThe Hunchback of Notre Dame, and The Wizard of Oz.
In 1938, Bob moved over to Columbia, where he worked on all of Rita Hayworth's notable films as the star's exclusive makeup artist for nearly 20 years. Of all the male stars that Bob worked with, including Humphrey Bogart, Errol Flynn, and Cary Grant, he had a particularly long association with Burt Lancaster, on such films as Elmer GantryThe Young SavagesJudgment at Nuremberg, and The Leopard.
Among Bob's other impressive makeup credits are the films My Fair LadyWhatever Happened to Baby Jane?, and Camelot.
Arriving at the Walt Disney Studios in 1968, Bob went on to head the makeup department, and contributed to a wide variety of live-action feature films over the next 33 years, including Bedknobs and BroomsticksThe Apple Dumpling GangThe Shaggy D.AReturn From Witch MountainThe Watcher in the WoodsTronSomething Wicked this Way Comes, and Splash.
Bob retired from Disney in 2001, and passed away on April 26, 2005. Michael Eisner said, "Bob was one of the quiet talents who made Hollywood great. He worked with the legendary stars, who we all know by single names—Astaire, Bogart, Welles, Hepburn, Hayworth, Lancaster, Midler, and Hanks. But, among people behind the cameras, Bob was a legend himself. It was my privilege to work with him throughout my 21 years with the company. He is very much a part of the Disney legacy."
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Matsuo Yokoyama
Consumer Products • 1998
When The Walt Disney Company sought to meet the world in Japan, they depended on Matsuo Yokoyama. As former chairman of Disney Consumer Products Bo Boyd once said, "Matsuo's a marketing marvel. He developed relationships with many faithful licensees and made Mickey Mouse not just an American hero in the country, but a beloved member of the Japanese people and their rich culture."
Born in Tokyo on March 31, 1927, Matsuo was the son of a chef and restaurateur. At 17, he entered a boy's military school until August 1945 when Japan surrendered to the Allies. After the war, he worked in an iron factory by day and studied English at a local YMCA by night. In 1951, he enrolled in the University of Keio in Tokyo where he studied business management. Upon graduation in 1955, Matsuo joined Morinaga Confectionery Company in Tokyo as its marketing manager.
Six years later, in 1961, Matsuo answered a newspaper employment ad and was selected from more than 100 applicants to join Disney as a merchandise representative. At that time, fraudulent Disney character merchandise and advertising ran rampant throughout the country; Matsuo's first and most challenging job was to assert and establish Disney's copyrights in Japan. As part of this effort, he created the Disney Licensing Association. This was the first organization of its kind to encourage cooperation among legitimate licensees.
By 1964, copyright protection of Disney intellectual properties had passed a major hurdle and Matsuo was subsequently promoted to officer and director.
An instinctive business professional, Matsuo sensed that the Japanese market was becoming over-saturated with American character merchandise during the United States Bicentennial in 1976. That autumn, he limited the amount of Disney merchandise manufactured. Disney licensees argued that they were losing valuable sales, because American merchandise was a hot commodity in Japan. In the spring of 1977, however, American goods suddenly plummeted in value because of retail overstock; only Disney merchandise maintained its value, because of Matsuo's prudent foresight.
In October 1989, he was promoted to president of Walt Disney Enterprises of Japan. Two years later, at a special gathering in Matsuo's honor, former Walt Disney Company president Frank Wells named him chairman of the board and referred to his recent business success as "Matsuo's Missile."
Matsuo retired in September 1994 after dedicating 33 years to the development of Disney's presence in Japan. In that time he grew its royalty income from an estimated six million yen in 1961 to twelve billion yen in 1991. Matsuo subsequently served as consultant to Walt Disney Consumer Products Asia-Pacific Ltd., followed by a position as chairman emeritus of Walt Disney Enterprises of Japan from 1996 through 1998.
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Steve Jobs (1955–2011)
Animation • 2013
A lot of times, Steve Jobs once said, "people don't know what they want until you show it to them." Steve did just that for 30 years, donning his trademark black turtleneck and worn blue jeans to become the world's best-known consumer electronics evangelist.
He was born Steven Paul Jobs in San Francisco, California, on February 24, 1955, and was adopted at birth by Paul and Clara Jobs. His father, who never graduated high school and was a machinist by trade, was the first to sit Steve down at a workbench and show him how to use tools when Steve was 5 years old.
In the years that followed, Steve learned how things worked, and how to take things apart and put them together again. His family moved to Mountain View, California, meaning that Steve grew up in Silicon Valley amid a cultural and technological revolution.
In 1971, Steve met fellow hobbyist Steve "Woz" Wozniak through a mutual friend from Homestead High School in Cupertino, California. The two bonded over the creation of electronic devices that would allow them to make free long-distance telephone calls. After graduating in 1972, Steve enrolled at Reed College but soon dropped out, as the expensive tuition was draining his parents' savings. He audited classes for the next 18 months before taking a job at Atari Inc. in 1973. In search of spiritual enlightenment, he made a seven-month trip to India in 1974.
Upon returning to California, Steve began attending the Homebrew Computer Club with Wozniak in 1975. Wozniak had designed a new computer, and Steve was intrigued. He suggested they sell his creation and, in 1976, Jobs, Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne founded Apple Computer Company in Steve's parents' garage with $1,300 they had raised by selling Steve's Volkswagen Microbus and Wozniak's scientific calculator.
Eventually a former Intel executive lent them $250,000 and they set up offices in Cupertino. The next year they debuted the Apple II, and it was a runaway hit.
By 1983 the company had joined the Fortune 500 faster than any corporation in history.
"Hardly anybody had families at the beginning," he later recalled, "and we all worked like maniacs and the greatest joy was that we felt we were fashioning collective works of art… something important that would last."
A visit to the Xerox PARC research center in 1979 exposed him to a new technology—a graphical user interface driven by a mouse-controlled pointer. He saw the instant appeal of the concept, which led to the release of the Macintosh in 1984.
In 1985, a power struggle led to Steve leaving Apple, and founding NeXT Inc. The next year, Lucasfilm Ltd.'s computer graphics division spun off its Graphics Group, which became Pixar, Inc. With a $10 million investment, Steve became its primary investor and, eventually, its chief executive. The company spent the next several years developing cutting-edge rendering hardware and waiting for technology to progress to the point where computer-generated feature films would be feasible, which eventually resulted in 1995's Toy Story. Steve was credited as the film's executive producer. Disney has consulted on and distributed all Pixar features ever since—and acquired the company in 2006.
Steve returned to Apple when the company acquired NeXT in 1996. He was officially named CEO in 2000. The result was a wave of innovative consumer electronics products based on Steve's unique sense of minimalist style. Success followed success, with the iMac, iTunes, iPod, iPhone, and iPad each becoming ubiquitous among a gadget-hungry populace. Steve also oversaw the development of Apple retail and online stores. All this activity culminated in 2011 when Apple became the world's most valuable publicly traded company.
When The Walt Disney Company acquired Pixar Animation Studios in 2006, Steve became the Company's largest shareholder overnight, joining the Disney board of directors in 2006. He remained a valuable advisor in the years that followed.
"The thing that bound us together at Apple," Steve once said, "was the ability to make things that were going to change the world."
Steve Jobs passed away on October 5, 2011, in Palo Alto, after a long and public battle with pancreatic cancer.
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Bo Boyd (1942–2011)
Consumer Products • 2011
In a long career which saw him rise through the ranks of Disney Merchandising, Barton K. "Bo" Boyd went from stocking the shelves of boutiques on Main Street, U.S.A. to operating hundreds of Disney retail outlets across the world. His many ideas and initiatives led to countless products and mementos that line the shelves of Disney fans to this day.
Born on December 6, 1942, in Santa Ana, California, Bo grew up not far from the Happiest Place on Earth, joining Disney on February 14, 1968 as an assistant supervisor in Merchandise at Disneyland. He was responsible for all Main Street, U.S.A. gift shops and retail spaces: the China Closet, the Camera Center, the Magic Shop, and even the much-photographed Flower Mart. Six months later, Bo moved down the street to assume supervisor duties at the Emporium, which at that time operated independently. Soon thereafter, he was promoted again, this time joining the team creating merchandise specifically for Disneyland. This laid the groundwork for a cross-country transfer to Florida in early 1971 to prepare for the opening of Walt Disney World.
On site in Florida, Bo put together a merchandising organization for the new Park similar to what he had done in California, recruiting from up and down the East Coast and designing and developing unique merchandise that would be ready to go on opening day—then just a few short months away. Soon, he was promoted to director, Merchandise Division; in 1976 he relocated back to California, where he assumed the role of vice president, Retail Merchandising, and established a central buying office for both Parks.
In 1983, Bo was asked to run a new division, Disney Consumer Products, while at the same time retaining his theme park merchandise duties. "It soon became apparent it was going to be too much to stay on top of parks retailing while making the Consumer Products business grow," he recalled. "So I took theme park merchandising out of Burbank and relocated it back to the parks where it belongs."
Over the ensuing years, Bo oversaw one of the longest periods of sustained growth in Disney merchandising history, with initiatives such as Licensed Merchandise, Walt Disney Records, and, in Publishing, the start of Hyperion Press and a line of Disney magazine products. On the retail side, there were the far-flung departments of the Disney Catalog, Disney Interactive for computer games and educational software, ESPN—The Store, and the Walt Disney Classics Collection, a fan-favorite division that celebrated classic Disney animated films. The granddaddy of them all, however, was the establishment of the first Disney Store outside the grounds of the theme parks. The first store opened in Glendale, California, in 1987, and Bo grew that innovative business in 10 years to more than 600 stores in the United States and in eight foreign countries.
Bo was named chairman of Disney Consumer Products in 1997.
He retired in 2001, 33 years to the day he walked down Main Street, U.S.A. for his first job at Disneyland. He had been involved with Disney merchandise longer than any person in the history of the Company other than Walt's brother Roy O. Disney.
Bo passed away April 13, 2011, at his home in Mesquite, Nevada.
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Dick Clark (1929–2012)
Television • 2013
"I was 26 years old, looked the part, knew the music, and was very comfortable on television," Dick Clark once recalled of the time he was first offered hosting duties on the show that would become American Bandstand.
"They said, 'Do you want it?' And I said, 'Oh, man, do I want it!'"
Dick made the most of the opportunity, going on to produce what has been estimated at more than 7,500 hours of programming spanning more than 30 series, 250 specials, and 20 television and theatrical films. An icon of the teenybopper set, his eternally youthful appearance would earn him the nickname "America's oldest teenager."
Born Richard Wagstaff Clark on November 30, 1929, in Bronxville, New York, Dick grew up nearby in Mount Vernon. He broke into the broadcast industry at age 17, working in the mailroom of an upstate radio station operated by his father and uncle. Before long, he was pulling on-air duty as a substitute announcer and weather reporter. He attended Syracuse University, where he worked as disc jockey for the student-run radio station. Upon graduation in 1951, Dick returned to his family's station.
Soon, though, he found himself in Philadelphia, where Dick Clark's Caravan of Music debuted in 1952 on radio station WFIL. In 1956, Dick took over hosting duties of Bandstand, a daily afternoon dance show on that station's television affiliate. Within a year the show was picked up by ABC for national distribution, and by 1958 American Bandstand was pulling in a daily audience of 40 million music-hungry teens.
As the affable, clean-cut host of American Bandstand, Dick helped the nascent art form of rock 'n' roll reach a national audience. Artists such as Chuck Berry, Bill Haley and the Comets, James Brown, Buddy Holly, and the Everly Brothers all made their nationwide debuts on his show. In the process, Dick stood up against would-be censors who attempted to brand the new music as immoral, and helped to break the race barrier by playing R&B integration of the televised Bandstand dance floor. The show continued to introduce new artists until it ended in 1989.
A savvy businessman, Dick soon expanded into game shows, awards shows, comedy specials, movies, and other popular forms of programming. He founded Dick Clark Productions in 1957, and would go on to produce everything from the Pyramid series to Bloopers & Practical Jokes. He created the American Music Awards for ABC in 1973, and would continue to produce its telecast along with other annual events such as the Golden Globes® and the Academy of Country Music Awards. Dick sold Dick Clark Productions to businessman Daniel Snyder in 2007.
For Disney, Dick starred as himself on Mickey's 50 in 1978 and Blossom in 1991 and hosted the syndicated television series The Challengers in 1990. Dick might be best remembered, however, as the host of ABC's annual Dick Clark's New Years Rockin' Eve from 1973 until 2011.
All told, Dick won five Emmy® awards, including a Daytime Emmy lifetime achievement award. He is an inductee of the Television Hall of Fame, and was inducted into The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame under the "Non-Performer" category in 1993.
Dick Clark passed away on April 18, 2012, in Santa Monica, California. "I got to know Dick over the past five years," Daniel Snyder said at the time of Dick's death, "and he was just as personable and warm in person as he was on television. Once you got to know Dick, it was obvious why he was so beloved by his many fans. He was, in every sense of the word, a giant."
Dick always attributed his success to his ability to stay in touch with the tastes of his average viewers. "My greatest asset in life," he once said, "was I never lost touch with hot dogs, hamburgers, going to the fair, and hanging out at the mall."
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Jim Henson (1936–1990)
Film & Television • 2011
Jim Henson, creator of the Muppets and undoubtedly the most beloved puppeteer in history, was born in the town of Greenville, Mississippi, on September 24, 1936. The son of an agronomist with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Jim moved with his family to Hyattsville, Maryland in the late 1940s. Already a skilled puppeteer, Jim began his studies in theatre arts at the University of Maryland in 1955.
That year marked the appearance of his first television show, Sam and Friends, a five-minute late-night puppet show he produced along with another freshman, Jane Nebel, whom he would marry in 1959. The show featured some early incarnations of his famous Muppet characters, including a lovable frog named Kermit that Jim fashioned from one of his mother's old coats and two ping-pong balls.
In 1958 Sam and Friends earned Jim his first Emmy® award; he would go on to win an impressive 30 Emmys during his lifetime for his work with the Jim Henson Company.
The Muppets—Jim coined the term "Muppet" to describe his unique combination of marionette and foam-rubber hand puppets—immediately proved popular, starring in television commercials and regularly appearing on The Ed Sullivan Show. Then, in 1969, came the immensely successful Sesame Street, making Kermit a bona fide star and introducing the world to Oscar the Grouch, Cookie Monster, Big Bird, Bert, and the rest of the gang and earning Emmys and plaudits for the indelible ways it taught children the alphabet, arithmetic, and life lessons. "The Muppets transcend all age groups," he once said. "Their satiric comment on society seems to delight all ages."
It wasn't until The Muppet Show debuted in 1976, starring Kermit and the egotistical and hilariously outspoken Miss Piggy, that the Muppets became a favorite of fans of all ages. An estimated 235 million viewers tuned in to The Muppet Show each week in more than 100 countries. In 1979, Jim turned to the big screen with a feature film, The Muppet Movie, followed The Great Muppet Caper, in which Jim made his directorial debut, and The Muppets Take Manhattan.
Jim decided to entrust the Muppets to The Walt Disney Company in 1989, although the acquisition was not actually completed until 2004. There were parallels between the two companies' creative geniuses: Walt and Jim were small-town boys who took something considered simple and limited in appeal—animation and puppetry—and elevated them to art forms that charmed fans of all ages.
In 1989, in addition to working on the Here Come The Muppets show for the Disney-MGM Studios Theme Park (now Disney's Hollywood Studios), Jim collaborated with Walt Disney Imagineering on the beloved Muppet*Vision 3D attraction, his last film, which is still charming audiences at Disney's Hollywood Studios and at Disney California Adventure. Jim's last project was the television special The Muppets at Walt Disney World, which aired on NBC in 1990.
Jim was also the creative force behind the innovative Dinosaurs television series for ABC, which ran from 1991-1994. The Henson family has continued to contribute to the Disney legacy; Kermit, Miss Piggy, Fozzie, and the rest of the gang finally returned to the big screen in The Muppets and are scheduled to follow that movie with The Muppets… Again! in 2014.
Jim passed away unexpectedly on May 16, 1990, robbing us all of future Disney collaborations and the fruits of his genius. "We both work for families, and at Disney they have the best ways of reaching families, the best distribution channels," he said in an article published just before he passed away. "I wanted to work with that whole Disney machinery. It's such a terrifically strong thing. Besides, we're having a lot of fun."
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Eyvind Earle (1916–2000)
Animation • 2015
In animation art circles, the work of artist, illustrator, and author Eyvind Earle is renowned, revered, and still influential today. That this remarkable and diverse talent came to call The Walt Disney Studios home for nearly a decade of his career is a testament to his talent—and to the artistic vision of Walt Disney himself.
Born on April 26, 1916, in New York City, Eyvind moved with his family to California two years later. His father, Ferdinand P. Earle, was, in Eyvind's words, " …an artist, a writer, a poet, played the violin, produced and directed a motion picture… just to mention a few of his activities." His mother, Charlotte, was a concert pianist.
At age 10, Eyvind's father challenged his son to either read 50 pages of a book or paint a picture every day—he did both. By age 14, he had already had his art exhibited in France, and in 1937 he had his first show in New York City. Subsequent exhibitions sold out, with one piece going into the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
He began designing Christmas cards in 1938, a sideline he would continue through most of his life. More than 800 card designs were created for the American Artist Group alone.
"As of 1985, I estimate that American Artist Group has sold well over 300 million of my cards," Eyvind once said.
He came to the Disney studio in 1951, working on background artwork for Peter Pan. He also painted the illustrations for Walt Disney's Peter Pan and Wendy, the Little Golden Book adaptation of the film. He continued to develop his style in memorable shorts, including For Whom the Bulls ToilWorking for PeanutsPigs is Pigs, and Grand Canyonscope. He contributed to 1953's Toot, Whistle, Plunk and Boom, which won an Academy Award®. As Disney shorts became more experimental, Eyvind provided backgrounds and color styling to Jack and Old MacThe Truth About Mother Goose, and Paul Bunyan.
But the pinnacle of his work for Disney was the landmark 1959 feature film Sleeping Beauty, for which he was responsible for the overall production design, including styling, background, and color.
"There are clear influences from the Renaissance in his work," said film writer Justine Smith, "and his backgrounds owe much to those of Leonardo Da Vinci and Raphael.
He utilizes color to emphasize the sheer breadth of his worlds, shedding the far off backgrounds in green-bluish tones, a technique that Da Vinci used extensively."
In 1958, Eyvind appeared with his colleagues Walt Peregoy, Marc Davis, and Joshua Meador in the short film 4 Artists Paint 1 Tree, aired as part of the Disneyland TV episode "An Adventure in Art," which became a staple in art classrooms for decades.
He returned to full-time painting in 1966, producing watercolors, oils, sculptures, drawings, and scratchboards. Always a very personal artist, much of his work from this era was not seen or exhibited in his lifetime.
In 1987, Sleeping Beauty Castle (La Chateau de la Belle au Bois Dormant) and its surroundings for Disneyland Paris were created based on Eyvind's film designs. His former colleague Frank Armitage even created a concept painting in the distinctive Eyvind Earle style of the film.
At the same time, Eyvind was inspiring a new generation at Walt Disney Animation. Co-director Eric Goldberg recalls, "Mike Giaimo and Mike Gabriel and I were highly influenced by Eyvind Earle in designing Pocahontas."
So, late in his life and career, Eyvind enjoyed a renaissance of acclaim. He was praised by such publications as Time, The Los Angeles Times, The New York Times, and The Art News. In 1998, Eyvind was honored at the 26th Annie Awards with the Winsor McCay Award for lifetime achievement in the field. He passed away in 2000, but his work continues to grace galleries around the world. Museums have purchased his works, and his paintings have been shown in several one-man exhibitions worldwide.
"For 70 years, I've painted paintings," Eyvind once said, "and I'm constantly and everlastingly overwhelmed at the stupendous infinity of nature. Wherever I turn and look, there I see creation. Art is creating… Art is the search for truth."
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George Lucas
Parks & Resorts • 2015
Few filmmakers, no matter how successful, can claim to have created an entire universe—much less one that defined generations of young filmgoers—but that's exactly what George Lucas did with Star Wars, the biggest film phenomenon of its time, and one that continues to make new fans to this day.
George Walton Lucas, Jr. grew up in Modesto, California. A childhood obsession with fast cars seemed to be driving him to a career in professional racing, but after a harrowing accident, he began to document his love of the sport with a movie camera instead. Graduating from the University of Southern California's film program, George joined a generation of filmmakers who were changing the world of cinema in the 1970s. Adapting one of his student films, he made his debut as a feature director with the dystopian THX 1138. He followed it up with the classic American Graffiti, based on memories of his California youth and his love of cars.
. . . Disney is a huge corporation with amazing capabilities and facilities, so I feel confident Lucasfilm is in good hands.
It was Star Wars, however, that would affirm George's legendary status in the pantheon of cinema. He went on to executive produce two sequels based on his stories, The Empire Strikes Back and Return of the Jedi, and returned more than a decade later to write and direct three Star Wars prequels, The Phantom MenaceAttack of the Clones, and Revenge of the Sith. In the meantime, George brought to the screen another legendary film hero, Indiana Jones, who debuted in Raiders of the Lost Ark. Based on a story by George Lucas and Philip Kaufman and directed by friend Steven Spielberg, the Indiana Jones franchise has included three sequel films as well as a television series, The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles.
Among other projects George executive produced are Labyrinth, directed by Muppets legend Jim Henson, and Willow, directed by Ron Howard and based on a story by Lucas. His tireless efforts to push the boundaries of film technology have resulted in groundbreaking companies such as Industrial Light & Magic, Skywalker Sound, THX, and LucasArts. He even founded the small Lucasfilm computer graphics division that would eventually become Pixar.
A lifelong Disney fan, George first worked with Disney in the 1980s to bring his characters into the Parks for the first time. His initial project was the 3-D spectacular Captain EO, directed by Francis Ford Coppola and starring Michael Jackson and Anjelica Huston. Star Tours opened the following year, allowing fans to soar through the universe of the Star Wars saga for the first time. Adventurer Indiana Jones has made his way into the parks as well, with the Indiana Jones Epic Stunt Spectacular at Disney's Hollywood Studios, Indiana Jones et le Temple du Péril in Disneyland Paris, and two blockbuster Indiana Jones Adventure attractions at Disneyland and Tokyo DisneySea. Of course, the culmination of George's relationship with Disney came in 2012 when Lucasfilm and its many creative properties became part of the Disney family.
"I felt that I really wanted to place Lucasfilm in the care of someone who would protect it," George says. "Disney is a huge corporation with amazing capabilities and facilities, so I feel confident Lucasfilm is in good hands."
He remains a devout philanthropist in the field of education, having founded the George Lucas Educational Foundation in 1991. A long-time art collector, he is currently seeking to build the Lucas Museum of Narrative Art in Chicago to house and display his collection publicly. He is the recipient of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts & Sciences' Irving G. Thalberg Award, the National Medal of Technology, the National Medal of Arts, the Visual Effects Society Lifetime Achievement Award, and the NAACP Vanguard Award. His films have garnered 13 Academy Awards® and his television projects have won 18 Emmy Awards®.
George remains interested and excited by the creative worlds brought forth by joining Disney and Lucasfilm. "Being a part of Disney has opened up an endless number of possibilities for Lucasfilm, from theme park attractions to movies, television and games. I'm looking forward to seeing all the new projects ahead."
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Dick Huemer (1898–1979)
Animation • 2007
Dick Huemer was a jack of all trades," Disney Legend Ward Kimball recalled. "He was an animator, and I loved his animation. It was always funny—remember the Duck in The Band Concert with those goddamn whistles? He was a director. He was a story man. And he was a very important sequence story man on Fantasia."
Richard Martin Huemer was born on January 2, 1898, in New York. He attended P.S. 158 in Brooklyn, and Alexander Hamilton and Morris High Schools. After high school he was a student at the National Academy of Design, the Beaux-Arts Institute of Design, and the Art Students League. Dick's first industry job was as an animator at the Raoul Barre Cartoon Studio in 1916. In 1923, he became an animation director at the Max Fleischer Studio, and seven years later assumed a similar position at the Charles Mintz Studio.
Moving to Disney in 1933, Dick contributed to classic Silly Symphonies such as The Tortoise and the HareFunny Little Bunnies, and The Grasshopper and the Ants; Mickey Mouse shorts such as Alpine ClimbersMickey's Rival, and Lonesome Ghosts; and he directed the animated shorts The Whalers and Goofy and Wilbur.
"He was a dapper little guy, who had kind of a ruddy complexion, wore a pork-pie hat dipped at a rakish angle with a little shaving brush up here, had a very New York cosmopolitan mustache, and he wore very tweedy suits," Kimball said.
Among the Disney features on which Dick worked as story director were DumboSaludos AmigosMake Mine Music, and Alice in Wonderland. His work as a story director on Fantasia was especially admired. "In fact, we owe it most to Dick Huemer that Walt Disney was weaned away from John Phillip Sousa and introduced to the classics!" Ward Kimball asserted. "Walt learned all about Beethoven, Tchaikovsky, Stravinsky through Dick Huemer's tutelage."
Dick left Disney to free-lance the comic strip Buck O'Rue from 1948–1951, but returned to work in story and television. Among his TV works he wrote a series of outstanding programs on the art and technique of Disney animation for the Disneyland TV series: The Story of the Animated DrawingThe Plausible ImpossibleTricks of Our Trade, and An Adventure in Art. He also contributed to Disney Publishing adaptations of Baby Weems20,000 Leagues Under the Sea, and Walt Disney's True-Life Adventures. He wrote the True-Life Adventures newspaper comic strip from 1955 until his retirement in 1973.
In 1978, he received an "Annie" award from the animators' group ASIFA for his career achievements.
Animation great Grim Natwick said of Dick Huemer, "He was one of the artists who helped build the early framework of animation. He was a wise and witty man, a droll man who, in a quiet way, pulled rugs from under pompous and false heroes, transformed giants into pygmies and inauspiciously extracted the teeth from snarling paper lions. He was with animation through all its growing pains. Whatever animation became, he helped to shape it, drawing by drawing, idea by idea."
Dick Huemer passed away on November 30, 1979.
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Wayne Allwine (1947–2009)
Voice • 2008
Wayne Allwine provided the voice of Disney's top animated star beginning in 1977, when he officially took over for his mentor, Disney Legend Jimmy Macdonald. Wayne once humbly reflected, "It's a great honor to keep alive what Walt loved so dearly and what Jimmy kept alive so well."
Born on February 7, 1947, in Glendale, California, Wayne was active on stage and screen most of his life, making his first television appearance at age seven as one of the children interviewed by Art Linkletter on his House Party program. While still in high school, he formed his own acoustic music group, The International Singers, which performed in clubs and colleges all over the state. He went on to record with such singers as Dobie Gray and Bobby Vinton and was a member of The Arrows, a musical group put together by Mike Curb.
In 1966, Wayne opted for a "normal" lifestyle and took a job in the mailroom at The Walt Disney Studios. From there, he worked briefly in Wardrobe, then moved to Audio Post Production and began a seven-and-a-half year stint under Macdonald, the Studio's resident sound effects wizard.
Wayne worked in sound effects editing on Disney films and television shows including Splash and Three Men and a Baby. Work for other studios included InnerspaceAlien Nation, and Star Trek V: The Final Frontier.
He received the Emmy® Award and the Golden Reel award for his contributions to Steven Spielberg's Amazing Stories, which he worked on for two years, and a second Golden Reel for his work on The Great Mouse Detective (1986).
In 1977, Wayne went to an open audition for the voice of Mickey Mouse and walked away with the part. In 1977, he made his debut on The New Mickey Mouse Club and went on to provide Mickey's voice for Disney theme parks, movies, TV specials, records, and video games. In the role of Mickey, he starred in films such as Mickey's Christmas CarolThe Prince and the Pauper, and Mickey, Donald, and Goofy: The Three Musketeers, and the TV series Mickey's Mouse WorksHouse of Mouse, and Mickey Mouse Clubhouse. "In time, you actually realize all of the characteristics that this character has in yourself," Wayne said of his prolific performances as Mickey. "I've got all his naive qualities, and all of his optimistic qualities."
Wayne was married to Disney Legend Russi Taylor, the voice of Minnie Mouse and many other popular characters. They headed their own production company, Taylor-Allwine Associates, and shared four children—including three who think they sound like Mickey, too.
It's only fitting, given the admonition that Allwine's mentor gave him decades ago: "Just remember, kid," Jimmy Macdonald said, "you're only filling in for the boss." Wayne never forgot that. "Mickey is Walt's," he readily admitted. "I get to take this wonderful American icon and keep it alive until the next Mickey comes along, and it will one day."
Wayne passed away on May 18, 2009 in Los Angeles, California.
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Jodi Benson
Voice • 2011
"Nobody really wanted to do those types of jobs," Jodi Benson once said of her audition for The Little Mermaid. "It wasn't a very prestigious job. My goal was to do Broadway musicals. Voice acting was something I didn't know anything about!"
She won the role of Ariel over at least 500 other actresses, and Jodi admits that when she watches the film, she can see herself in Ariel. "She's independent, spirited, and strong-willed. I don't think I could have accomplished my dreams if there wasn't a little of her in me."
Born on October 10, 1961, in Rockford, Illinois, Jodi started singing at age 5. "I can't take any credit for the voice," she says, "it came with the package. I just started singing and it was there, and I've been singing ever since."
She attended Millikin University in Decatur, Illinois, where she abandoned a career in law to become one of the first students in the college's B.F.A. program in musical theatre. During Christmas break of her sophomore year, she auditioned for a Broadway show and won the job. She's been a perpetual presence on the Great White Way and on stages everywhere ever since.
She made her Broadway debut in in 1983 in Kenny Ortega's Marilyn: An American Fable" and went on to star in the Howard Ashman/Marvin Hamlisch musical Smile. It was in this show that she introduced a soaring tour de force ballad that has become well known to Disney fans, a song called simply "Disneyland." Jodi also appeared in A.E. Hotchner's and Cy Coleman's Welcome to the Club in 1989 and sang George Gershwin classics in the lead role of Crazy for You in 1992, which earned her a Tony® Award nomination for Best Actress in a Musical.
Jodi shared the stage with her husband, Ray Benson, in the European premiere of Gershwin's My One and Only. In Los Angeles, Jodi starred in Flora the Red Menace at the Pasadena Playhouse, Oklahoma! at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion, My Fair Lady at the Alex Theatre, and Chess at the Long Beach Civic Light Opera, for which she was honored with the prestigious Drama-Logue Award for Best Actress.
She was the voice of Barbie in Pixar's Toy Story 2 and reprised the role with her beau, Ken, in 2010's Toy Story 3. Other wildly varied voice roles for Disney include Helen of Troy in the Hercules television series and Weebo the flying robot in Flubber, both in 1997. Jodi made her live-action movie debut in Disney's Enchanted; moviegoers with keen ears might have noticed Ariel's "Part of Your World" playing in the background during Jodi's scenes.
But Jodi's heart remains "under the sea," and she has brought voice to everything that is The Little Mermaid" including CDs, toys, video games, talking dolls, a television series, and movie sequels. Jodi also spends her time giving back the gifts she is so grateful for, often teaching kids the various steps in the animation process—and at these times is frequently reminded of the deeper significance of her work.
"I was talking to some third graders," Jodi once recalled. "At the end of a 45-minute presentation, a little boy raised his hand and asked, 'How do you hold your breath that long under water?' You see, the magic is what they want to hold onto—and that brings me tremendous joy."
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Studio Stars
Lights! Camera! Action! For many of us, our closest connections to Disney come through the work of the talented men and women who have created unforgettable characters on the big and small screens. We asked Walt Disney Animation Studios animator Eric Goldberg (whose own indelible creations can be seen in MoanaAladdinThe Princess and the FrogHercules, and Fantasia/2000, to name a few) to imagine for us a fabulous party where 32 of these Disney stars come together to celebrate. Eric certainly dreamed up an event any Disney fan would love to attend!
List
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1. Robin Williams (1951–2014)
2009 • Film & Voice
Like Mork, the character he first played on an episode of ABC's Happy Days, this utterly original comic and movie star appeared on our television sets seemingly out of nowhere, almost as if from outer space. But, by 1978, when ABC's Mork & Mindy arrived on screens, Robin Williams soared to superstardom faster than you could say "Na-Nu-Na-Nu," "Shaz-bot," or any of the other catchphrases the improvisational comic made part of the pop culture lexicon of the late 1970s. Within two weeks of the show's premiere, Robin was hailed as a new star. Little could we have known that he was just getting started.
Robin was born in Chicago, Illinois, on July 21, 1951, the son of an automobile executive and his wife, a former model. He was raised in Chicago and Detroit, moving with his family to the San Francisco area during his last year in high school. A gifted student, Robin majored in political science at both Marin and Claremont Colleges. While at Marin, he won a scholarship to Juilliard in New York City, where he studied with the legendary John Houseman, along with Christopher Reeve, with whom he remained lifetime friends.
Critics waxed euphoric in their attempts to describe Robin's stand-up comedy work, a craft he turned to with vigor and perfected in the years following the conclusion of Mork & Mindy.
"An outstanding lunar Wildman, out of Jonathan Winters by way of Lenny Bruce with a touch of Richard Burton thrown in," is how one critic enthused about Robin's performances. "An engaging, bright, and inventive actor," said another.
After taking in the sight of the deliriously manic comic's nightclub act on an HBO special, The Hollywood Reporter characterized the incendiary performance as "unadulterated brilliance."
In 1987, Robin trained his talents on live-action and animated films and almost immediately became one of America's biggest stars. Beginning with his Academy Award®-nominated performance as Adrian Cronauer in Touchstone Pictures' Good Morning, Vietnam, Robin starred in an impressive string of Disney films. They included the haunting portrayal of teacher John Keating in Dead Poets Society, a hilarious voice performance as the Genie in Aladdin, and high-caliber performances in Flubber and Bicentennial Man.
Along the way, Robin starred in several seminal films, including Moscow on the Hudson, for which he earned his first Golden Globe® nomination, Miramax's Good Will Hunting, for which his nuanced role as grieving psychologist Sean Maguire earned him the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, and Mrs. Doubtfire, which earned him his third Golden Globe—this time for Best Actor-Motion Picture Musical or Comedy.
Robin appeared alongside Walter Cronkite in Back to Neverland, a humorous look at the animation process, for the Disney-MGM Studios Animation Tour, and provided the voice of the Timekeeper for the attraction of that name at Walt Disney World's Magic Kingdom.
Other Disney appearances include a reprise performance as Genie in Aladdin and the King of Thieves; Hollywood Pictures' Jack, directed by Frances Ford Coppola; and the 2009 comedy Old Dogs.
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2. Tim Considine (1940–2022)
2006 • Television
Tim Considine was born in Los Angeles on December 31, 1940 into a theatrical lineage; he is the son of British-born film producer John W. Considine and theater-chain heiress Carmen Pantages. Tim's brother John is also an actor and writer, and his uncle was King Features newspaper columnist Bob Considine.
Tim began his acting career at age 11, playing Red Skelton's son in 1953's The Clown (a remake of the 1933 Wallace Beery/Jackie Cooper film The Champ, a performance Leonard Maltin called "so good he overcomes some of the hokiness of the script." This was followed by a role in Executive Suite with William Holden and June Allyson, and the Greer Garson boarding school story Her Twelve Men, where he met future co-star, friend, and Disney Legend and friend David Stollery.
Tim played Spin Evans in "The Adventures of Spin and Marty," a popular serial from 1955's Mickey Mouse Club. Alongside Stollery, Tim followed the original series with two "Spin and Marty" sequel serials. He once described those days on the "Triple-R Ranch" as especially carefree: "We shot on a ranch about forty miles away from the Burbank studio. But it might as well have been a thousand. In truth, the work and play were often indistinguishable."
He went on to play Frank Hardy, opposite Tommy Kirk as Joe Hardy, in two "Hardy Boys" serials, and guest starred in the "Annette" serial, all for the Mickey Mouse Club TV show.
Tim had a starring role opposite Fred MacMurray in The Shaggy Dog (1959). "I've always thought that was one of the worst performances I ever gave," Tim once said. "It was a very critical time as a teenager, and I was more interested in being a cool guy than being an actor." Tim also played James Roosevelt opposite Ralph Bellamy in Sunrise at Campobello, and guest starred in the TV series CheyenneJohnny Ringo, and The Untouchables.
In 1960 he began working a five-year stint on the classic TV comedy My Three Sons starring Disney Legend Fred MacMurray and co-starring Disney contemporary Don Grady, a former Mouseketeer. He played the role of "Mike Douglas," and eventually wrote and directed several episodes of the series.
In 1970 Tim played his most famous—but perhaps most brief—screen role, as the bedridden soldier slapped by George C. Scott in Patton.
Tim made some televised guest appearances and a few films afterwards, but for the most part has spent the ensuing decades combining his loves of writing, photography, sports, and cars.
Tim authored The Photographic Dictionary of SoccerThe Language of Sport, and American Grand Prix Racing: A Century of Drivers and Cars, which was serialized in Sports Car International magazine. He occasionally substituted for William Safire in the "On Language" column in The New York Times Magazine.
Of a childhood in the public eye, Considine once said, "It was generally a pretty good experience for me. What I missed, I'm sure I missed, but I'm not too unhappy about what I did. I've had the opportunity to screw up all kinds of things, and not just in that one career!"
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3. Fess Parker (1924–2010)
1991 • Film & Television
In the mid-1950s, when Fess Parker first donned a coonskin cap to play the historical character Davy Crockett for a three-part Walt Disney television show, little did he know he was about to become a hero to baby boomers across the nation.
More than 40 years later, in 1997, Fess described the profound influence his popular character had on young viewers.
"Folks tell me over and over how much that character shaped their lives," he said. "I have to believe that the impact of those programs was due as much to the values inculcated in them as to their entertainment quality."
Fess was catapulted to fame almost overnight after "Davy Crockett Indian Fighter," "Davy Crockett Goes to Congress," and "Davy Crockett at the Alamo" debuted on the Disneyland television series, beginning in 1954. Even the ditty he recorded for Disney and RCA records, "The Ballad of Davy Crockett," was on the lips of every child in America at that time, winning the actor a gold record. And when Disneyland opened in 1955, Fess's personal appearance on horseback, in character as Davy Crockett, proved to be a huge crowd pleaser.
Born in Fort Worth, Texas, on August 18, 1924, Fess grew up on a farm in San Angelo, Texas. Named after his father ("Fess" means "proud" in Old English), he studied law and business administration before graduating from the University of Texas in 1950. He then moved to Los Angeles to pursue an acting career, studying drama at the University of Southern California. Shortly thereafter, he made his film debut in Untamed Frontier, starring Shelley Winters.
In 1954, Walt Disney spotted the actor in a film called Them! and quickly signed Fess to a studio contract. He went on to star in such Disney films as The Great Locomotive ChaseOld Yeller, and The Light in the Forest. He also starred in two additional Davy Crockett television shows, "Davy Crockett's Keelboat Race" and "Davy Crockett and the River Pirates." Much later, in 1978, Fess appeared in NBC Salutes the 25th Anniversary of the Wonderful World of Disney.
After leaving Disney, Fess donned his coonskin cap once again to play Daniel Boone. For six years, beginning in 1964, he starred in the popular television series of the same name and directed five of its most popular episodes.
Later, he went on to become a successful businessman and real estate developer. Fess founded the Fess Parker Family Winery and Vineyards in Los Olivos, California, where he could often be found signing his autograph for wine and Disney lovers alike.
Fess Parker passed away on March 18, 2010, at his home near Santa Barbara, California.
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4. Richard Todd (1919–2009)
2002 • Film & Television
Actor Richard Todd's innate power and dash proved a perfect fit for Disney's chivalrous, high-adventure films including 1952's The Story of Robin Hood and His Merrie Men, 1953's The Sword and the Rose, and 1954's Rob Roy, the Highland Rogue, which was selected that year as the command performance film in England. Film critic Bosley Crowther described Richard in the New York Times as "handsome as the kilted and bonneted Rob, simply a splendid idealization of the hero."
Born June 11, 1919, to a British army officer, Richard grew up in Ireland, India, and England. He attended a London drama school, where his natural acting ability upstaged his initial intent to playwright. He worked with various repertory companies, including the Open Air Theatre in Regents Park where he played opposite Vivien Leigh in Shakespeare's Twelfth Night. He founded the Dundee Repertory Theatre in 1939.
World War II interrupted his career soon after.
Richard, who served in the King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry and the Parachute Regiment, was among the first wave of parachutists dropped onto the beaches of Normandy for the D-Day Invasion. He also participated in the Battle of the Bulge and Rhine crossing operations.
By 1946, Richard was a ready-made hero for post-war movies. His role with Ronald Reagan in 1949's The Hasty Heart won him critical acclaim on both sides of the Atlantic, including an Academy Award® nomination and British National Film Award. The next year, Alfred Hitchcock cast him with Jane Wyman and Marlene Dietrich in Stage Fright. His other films include Lightning Strikes Twice, directed by King Vidor; The Virgin Queen with Bette Davis; and A Man Called Peter, directed by Henry Koster.
Richard was particularly well-suited for war-themed motion pictures. Among them were The Dam Busters with Michael Redgrave, D-Day the Sixth of June with Robert Taylor, and The Longest Day, directed by fellow Legend Ken Annakin.
Richard recalled his transition from mostly war films to Disney medieval fare with bemused affection, saying the "Robin Hood roles" were "where my image was all daring deeds, until my swash began to buckle a bit." All three of Richard's Disney films were produced in England with blocked funds that Disney had been unable to get out of the country since World War II. While some questioned Disney's presence overseas, the actor felt it perfectly appropriate. After all, he pointed out to a Los Angeles Times reporter in 1953, "They're British stories!"
By the late-1960s, he returned his focus to his first love, the stage, performing in productions which included Oscar Wilde's An Ideal Husband. Among his small screen roles, Richard Todd costarred as himself in the 1996 television movie Marlene Dietrich: Shadow and Light.
Richard Todd passed away on December 3, 2009 in Little Humby, England.
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5. Dean Jones (1931–2015)
1995 • Film
When Dean Jones began his motion picture career in 1956, he was just biding his time until he got his real break. The former crooner-turned-actor once recalled, "I wish I could say I had this master plan for a career, but I always thought acting was something I'd just do until I had a hit record.
While Dean's hit record proved elusive, he scored a number of hit movies while under contract with The Walt Disney Studios. By 1975, Variety named six of his Disney features on its list of all-time box office champions, including The Love BugThat Darn CatSnowball ExpressThe Ugly DachshundThe $1,000,000 Duck, and Blackbeard's Ghost.
Dean's clean-cut appeal and good-natured hijinks made his name synonymous with Disney motion pictures. As former president of Walt Disney Pictures David Vogel once said, "When you think of Disney, you think of Dean Jones."
Born on January 25, 1931, in Decatur, Alabama, Dean liked to fish in the nearby Tennessee River and sing; his father, a railroad worker, would accompany him on the guitar. At 15 he left home to pursue a singing career, picking up odd jobs as a coal loader, cotton picker, and dishwasher. He began singing in a New Orleans club that paid three dollars a night, plus dinner. After four months the club folded, and Dean beat a path back to Decatur to complete his high school education.
A year of voice study at Kentucky's Asbury College was followed by a four-year hitch with the United States Navy, which took Dean to San Diego, California. Whenever he had a day off, Dean headed to Hollywood to audition for orchestras; he eventually won a screen test and contract with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Instead of singing for the cameras, however, he starred in mostly straight, dramatic roles. Among his early films were Vincente Minnelli's Tea and SympathyTorpedo Run with Glenn Ford, and Jailhouse Rock with Elvis Presley.
In 1960, Dean found fame in Broadway's Under the Yum Yum Tree. While starring in television's Ensign O'Toole, he was tapped by Walt Disney to become the Studio's leading man, appearing in such films as The Horse in the Gray Flannel SuitThe Shaggy D.A., and Herbie Goes to Monte Carlo. He returned to the Broadway stage in 1970, appearing in Steven Sondheim's Company.
Dean later appeared in a number of Disney television specials, including Disney's Greatest Dog Stars in 1976. He starred in the first of a number of Disney remakes—The Computer Wore Tennis Shoes in 1995; and, in 1997, That Darn Cat and the ABC television movie The Love Bug.
Dean passed away on Tuesday, September 1, 2015 at the age of 84.
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6. Buddy Hackett (1924–2003)
2003 • Film & Television
Actor and comedian Buddy Hackett has been called one of America's funniest and most inventive comics. He certainly left his comedic mark at Disney, on such smash hit feature films as The Love Bug, in which he played the wacky, mystic sculptor Tennessee Steinmetz, and The Little Mermaid, in which he provided the voice of Scuttle, the daft seagull who's always showing off his false knowledge about humans.
Buddy's wide range of facial expressions and his distinctive voice served as inspiration to animator Dave Stephan. who headed the Scuttle animation unit. "We tried to put Buddy's sort of cross-eyed look and side-of-the-mouth delivery into the character," said Stephan. "His readings were just so funny it gave us a real handle on the character and something great to work with."
Born Leonard Hacker on August 31, 1924, Buddy was a gentle man with a huge heart off-camera.
He learned to make people laugh while growing up in Brooklyn, New York. As he explained, "I was a poor kid; we didn't have the material things. I wanted attention and I got it by being funny."
Entering the work force as an apprentice upholsterer to his father, Buddy quickly made a break for show business, working as a waiter-entertainer in the "borscht circuit" of the Catskill Mountains. He went on to become a popular headliner in comedy clubs across the country, which led to a starring role in the hit road production of Call Me Mister and, later, his Hollywood debut in the 1953 motion picture Walking My Baby Back Home, starring Donald O'Connor.
Buddy went on to star in a number of motion pictures, including the drama God's Little Acre starring Robert Ryan in 1958, The Music Man starring Robert Preston in 1962, and the all-star comedy It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World in 1963, among others. In 1988, he joined funny man Bill Murray in the comedy Scrooged, a modern take on Charles Dickens' A Christmas Carol.
During the 1950s, he entered television, starring in a number of series including his own sitcom, Stanley, with Carol Burnett. In 1958, he replaced Art Carney for two years as a regular cast member on The Jackie Gleason Show. Later, he played Hollywood comedian Lou Costello in the 1978 television film Bud and Lou.
Buddy first arrived at Disney to star in The Love Bug with Dean Jones and Michele Lee; the film became the highest-grossing motion picture in the United States in 1969. Two years later, he starred in the Disney television special The Grand Opening of Walt Disney World and, in 1992, lent his voice to the character Louie in Disney's Dinosaurs series, which aired on ABC.
Following the splashing success of The Little Mermaid in 1989, Buddy returned as the voice of Scuttle in the 2000 direct-to-video feature The Little Mermaid II: Return to the Sea."
In later years, Buddy and his wife, Sherry, were dedicated to the rescue of unwanted dogs and cats, creating a nonprofit animal refuge called "Buddy Hackett's Singita." Its annual fundraiser, the Singita Comedy Spectacular, premiered at Disney's El Capitan Theatre in 2002.
Buddy Hackett passed away on June 30, 2003, in Malibu, California.
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7. David Tomlinson (1917–2000)
2002 • Film
Noel Coward once described actor David Tomlinson as looking like a "very old baby." David himself said, "I may look like a disappointed spaniel, but by nature I am cheerful." "Cheer" is what David spread to many a Disney audience with his performances in such Disney movies as the Oscar®-winning Mary Poppins in 1964, The Love Bug in 1969, and Bedknobs and Broomsticks in 1971.
Of the more than 50 motion pictures he appeared in during his career, however, his most popular role was as the rigid and positively clueless father George Banks in Mary Poppins. As Ed Weiner wrote in TV Guide, "Of all the movie moments we hold dear from childhood and revisit most often with our children on video, Tomlinson as a changed and suddenly life-loving George Banks happily singing 'Let's Go Fly a Kite' is one of the sweetest."
Born David Cecil MacAlister Tomlinson on May 7, 1917, in Henley-on-Thames, England, he left school to serve with the Grenadier Guards beginning in 1935. A year later, he took a job as a clerk in London and dabbled in amateur theater at night. While playing the bridegroom in a 1939 tour of Quiet Wedding, David was spotted by director Anthony Asquith and, subsequently, cast as best man in the play's 1940 film adaptation opposite Margaret Lockwood.
David put his fledgling motion picture career on hold during World War II to serve as a flight lieutenant in the Royal Air Force. After the War, he resumed acting with such films as The Little Hut with David Niven; Three Men in a Boat, directed by fellow Legend Ken Annakin; and Up the Creek with Peter Sellers.
David, bent toward the humorous, once said, "Personally, I wouldn't want to go near Hamlet. Far too serious."
He was cast in Mary Poppins after Walt Disney saw his stage performance in Ring of Truth at the Savoy Theatre. The role won him a Hollywood film editors' award for "best performance by an actor making his debut in American motion pictures."
David went on to play the evil Thorndyke in The Love Bug; it was an about-face for the actor, who usually played respectable, good-natured types. Later he served as the humbug professor of magical arts, Emelius Brown, in Bedknobs and Broomsticks with Angela Lansbury.
David Tomlinson passed away on June 24, 2000 in London, England.
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8. Glynis Johns (1923–2024)
1998 • Film
Best known to Disney fans as feminist Winifred Banks in the Academy Award®-winning Mary Poppins, actress Glynis Johns is everyone's favorite sister suffragette. Like many a moviegoer, Walt Disney loved her sparkling screen persona and personally asked Glynis to play the lively and witty role. His choice of casting was right on, as film critic Leonard Maltin pointed out in his book The Disney Films. "She lights up the screen the minute she appears [in Mary Poppins]," he wrote. "She makes every minute count, and her amusing suffragette song is most enjoyable."
Born to Welsh parents on October 5, 1923, in Pretoria, South Africa, Glynis made history when she received a degree to teach dance by age 10. By 12, she won 25 gold medals for dance in England and, by 13, appeared in her first film, South Riding. Her first adult role came in Michael Powell and Emeric Pressburger's 49th Parallel, released in America as The Invaders and starring Laurence Olivier, Leslie Howard, and Raymond Massey. By 19, she became the youngest actress to play the lead role in the theatrical production of Peter Pan.
She became associated with The Walt Disney Studios in the early 1950s, when it began to produce live-action films in England.
She starred as the capricious Mary Tudor in 1953's The Sword and the Rose, co-starring Richard Todd. As Helen Mary MacGregor in Rob Roy, the Highland Rogue, she played the spirited wife of a Scottish freedom fighter. A decade later, in 1964, she returned to Disney to star in Mary Poppins. The hit musical amassed 13 Academy Award nominations and garnered five Oscars®.
Glynis also starred in such television shows as General Electric TheatreThe Cavanaughs, as well as her own series, Glynis. Other programs included BatmanCheers, and Murder She Wrote, starring Angela Lansbury.
In 1960, Glynis won an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress for her role as Mrs. Firth in The Sundowners, starring Robert Mitchum. She received a Tony Award® in 1973 for her stunning stage performance as Desiree Armfeldt in Stephen Sondheim's A Little Night Music. In all, she has performed in more than two dozen theatrical productions and more than 50 feature films, including Oscar Wilde's An Ideal Husband starring Paulette Goddard, Dear Brigette with James Stewart, and The Secret Garden co-starring Derek Jacobi.
In 1994, Glynis returned to The Walt Disney Studios to co-star in the Touchstone comedy The Ref with Kevin Spacey. The next year she appeared in Hollywood Pictures' smash hit While You Were Sleeping, starring Sandra Bullock.
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9. Steve Martin
2005 • Parks & Resorts
In the late 1970s, as the nation watched the skyrocketing success of a "wild and crazy" young comic named Steve Martin, few were aware that many elements of his unforgettable, inspired, and iconic comic repertoire had their beginnings inside the berm of Walt Disney's Magic Kingdom.
"The arrow-through-the-head was a thing we used to sell at Disneyland," Martin recalled. "It was just so silly. It was like anti-comedy."
Steve was born on August 14, 1945, in Waco, Texas. When he was 5, his family moved to Inglewood, California. Five years later, they moved again. "We moved into a tract house two miles from Disneyland," Steve once said.
From the age of 10 to 18, Steve worked at the Park after school, on weekends, and during the summer. First he sold guidebooks at the gate, then souvenir spinning lassos in Frontierland.
"The ropes were hard to sell," he recalled. "I had to wear a Western costume, cowboy shirt, hat. I did a little bit of that in Three Amigos!"
Then Steve spent three years at the old Merlin's Magic Shop in Fantasyland. There, he sold and demonstrated the packaged magic tricks and practical joke items on sale. He learned all the tricks, and collected all the jokes, writing down every gag. "I knew every nook and cranny of the shop," he recalls.
He learned to juggle from the Park's court jester, Christopher Fair; Wally Boag, the Golden Horseshoe headliner, was another Steve Martin influence. "I watched Wally's show many, many times," he once said. "He was the first live performer I ever saw. I mostly remember Wally's performing style," Steve said. "It was fresh, sassy, and very clean. Watching his comic timing was a very big influence on my own career."
Steve also worked with a woman from the South whose favorite phrase of exasperation was "Well, excuse me for living." "I abbreviated it to, 'Well, excuuuuuuse me.' The phrase caught on with people and became independent of the bit that went before."
Steve's career since his cast member experience—in live performance, recordings, film, television, stage, and as an author and playwright—are well known. He has returned to Disney for several film projects, including Father of the Bride and Fantasia 2000, and Bringing Down the House. Steve co-starred with Donald Duck in the special film made for golden anniversary of the Park, Disneyland: The First 50 Magical Years. In 2005, Touchstone released Shopgirl, starring Steve, and based on his novella. And once in a while he still goes to Disneyland.
"Recently I went back in a disguise. I dyed my hair brown and wore a brown mustache. It's not that people mob me on the streets; but Disneyland can be very tough, and I don't like being stared at or yelled at."
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10. Maurice Chevalier (1888–1972)
2002 • Film
Ambassador of French gaiety and charm, Maurice Chevalier lent his unique joi de vivre to Disney live-action motion pictures including In Search of the Castaways in 1962, in which he played jocular Professor Jacques Paganel, and Monkeys, Go Home! in 1967, portraying Father Sylvain.
Born in Paris on September 12, 1888, Maurice was the youngest of nine children. He broke into entertainment at the age of 12 to help support his family, performing first as an acrobat and then as a singer and hoofer. At the age of 21 in 1909, his zestful appeal won him a stage job with the Folies Bergère, as the revue partner of legendary musical star Mistinguett. Around the same time, he debuted in silent French films, but the stage always remained his first love.
Drafted into the French army in 1913, World War I interrupted his gait. Wounded and captured by the Germans, Maurice spent two years in a prisoner of war camp. The silver lining was that he had the chance to learn English from a fellow prisoner, as well as his ultimate decoration with a Croix de Guerre.
Returning to the French stage, Maurice became a top-billed star of music halls. His trademark straw hat and bow tie, suggestive swagger and twinkling eyes, ultimately led him to Hollywood, where he became a sophisticated star of early romantic screen classics, including Ernst Lubitsch's The Love Parade and The Merry Widow.
In 1935, he returned to France to continue his career in English and French motion pictures, including The Beloved Vagabond in 1936 and L'Homme du Jour in 1937.
By the late 1950s, Maurice returned to the United States to star in many popular motion pictures, including Billy Wilder's Love in the Afternoon and Gigi, in which he sang the unforgettable song "Thank Heaven for Little Girls." In 1958, he received a special Academy Award® "for his contributions to the world of entertainment for more than half a century."
When he first stepped onto the Disney Studio lot, the actor's career had already spanned more than 60 years, but his enthusiasm kept him young and he continued to light up the screen with his larger-than-life persona.
And Maurice, whose early career included stand-up comedy, never lost his sense of humor. As he told former Los Angeles Times film critic Charles Champlin during the filming of Monkeys, Go Home! "Since I've come back to Hollywood to play old men, the role of Father Sylvain is the most robust part I have. It will be the best—unless the monkeys steal the picture completely."
In 1970, Maurice came out of retirement for Disney to sing the title song of the animated motion picture The Aristocats. Maurice passed away two years later, on January 1, 1972, in Paris.
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11. Angela Lansbury (1925–2022)
1995 • Film
Award-winning actress Angela Lansbury is everyone's cup of tea. And while she is probably best known to television audiences as Jessica Fletcher in the long-running detective series Murder, She Wrote, it's her performance as Mrs. Potts, the enchanted teapot in the animated classic Beauty and the Beast, that Disney fans cozy up to most.
When the film was released in 1991, film critic Leonard Maltin called Lansbury's performance "…just charming." He continued: "She expresses such warmth. To convey that with just your voice… there's something tremendously appealing about the character and the way she plays it."
Born in London, England, on October 16, 1925, Angela began to study acting at the Webber-Douglas School of Dramatic Art until World War II forced her family to escape the London Blitz and emigrate to the United States.
In New York, she enrolled in the Feagin School of Dramatic Arts and, at 16, earned her first professional job performing in a Montreal cabaret act. Her family eventually relocated to Los Angeles, and, in 1944, director George Cukor cast the 17-year-old actress as the Cockney maid in Gaslight. The role not only won her a contract with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, but also an Academy Award® nomination for Best Supporting Actress.
A year later, Angela received a second Oscar® nomination for her performance as a music-hall singer in The Picture of Dorian Gray.
From there, she went on to make more than 40 films, including State of the Union with Spencer Tracy, The Harvey Girls with Judy Garland, and The Manchurian Candidate, for which she received her third Oscar nomination. She even played Elvis's mother in 1961's Blue Hawaii.
In 1966, Angela won the first of her five Tony® Awards for her performance as Mame Dennis in the hit musical Mame. She dazzled Broadway audiences with her interpretation of the madcap title role, displaying, for the first time, the full range of her extraordinary talents. Angela made her musical comedy motion picture debut in 1971, mesmerizing audiences as the delightful apprentice witch, Eglantine Price, in Disney's fantasy Bedknobs and Broomsticks.
Twenty years later, Angela returned to Disney for Beauty and the Beast, in which she sang the Academy Award-winning title song of the same name. She encored as Mrs. Potts in Disney's 1997 direct-to-video sequel Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas as well as the video game Kingdom Hearts II in 2006. Angela later served as a segment host for the Studio's millennial animated classic Fantasia 2000, introducing Stravinsky's Firebird Suite.
Angela's achievements on stage, screen, and television are too numerous to recount, but include six Golden Globes and eighteen Primetime Emmy® nominations. She is the recipient of the National Medal of the Arts, the Kennedy Center Honors, and was named a Commander of the Order of the British Empire by Queen Elizabeth II in 1994.
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12. Virginia Davis (1918–2009)
1998 • Animation
Walt Disney once said, "It all started with a mouse." The Walt Disney Studios, however, actually began five years before the birth of Mickey Mouse, with a four-year-old girl from Kansas City, Missouri, named Virginia Davis. In 1923, Virginia became Walt's first human star, appearing in the first 13 titles of his "Alice Comedies" series, which featured an innovative blend of live action and animation on film.
The comedies—low-budget, one-reel projects—featured simple plots about the adventures of a live girl in Cartoonland. As Virginia later recalled:
"It was always a little story where I would get into the cartoon through a dream or I was hit on the head with a baseball and suddenly I'd find myself in a world of cartoon characters."
Born to a homemaker and a traveling salesman in Kansas City, Missouri, on December 31, 1918, Virginia began taking dance and dramatic lessons at age two. A couple of years later, Walt Disney happened to see Virginia in a Warneke's Bread advertisement in a local theater. At the time, Walt was struggling with his first studio, Laugh-O-gram Films in Kansas City; later, when he went to produce his first Alice Comedy, Alice's Wonderland, he remembered Virginia's long, blonde ringlets and charming smile. Walt placed a call to her parents, who moved along with Virginia to California, and for the next two years, she starred in such Disney shorts as Alice's Day at SeaAlice's Wild West Show, and Alice's Spooky Adventure.
Virginia ended her tenure as Alice after 13 films, although Walt would go on to make more than 40 other Alice comedies. She continued performing in the theater, including a West Coast tour of Elmer Rice's Street Scene, and in a number of films for such studios as MGM, RKO, Paramount, and Fox. Among her credits are Three on a Match, with Joan Blondell, and The Harvey Girls, appearing alongside Cyd Charisse and Judy Garland. She also appeared in such early television shows as Your Hit Parade and One Man's Family.
Virginia went on to earn a degree from the New York School of Interior Design and became a decorating editor for the popular 1950s magazine Living for Young Homemakers. In 1963, she began a successful career in the real estate industry in Connecticut and, later, Southern California.
Over the years, Virginia remained in contact with The Walt Disney Company and was often a special guest at Disneyana Conventions.
Virginia Davis passed away on August 15, 2009, at the age of 90.
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13. Julie Andrews
1991 • Film
Julie Andrews was "practically perfect in every way" as Mary Poppins. In her feature film debut, she bowled audiences over with her charm and sense of fun and, as a result, won an Oscar® for Best Actress of 1964.
As film critic Leonard Maltin wrote in his book The Disney Films, Julie captured "every nuance" of author P.L. Travers's iconic character. Judith Crist, of the New York Herald Tribune, blurred the distinction between character and actress, writing, "Although she [Mary] pokes her pretty fingers into a world of sticky sweetness, she almost invariably pulls out a plum. All speeches and cream, with a voice like polished crystal, she seems the very image of a prim young governess who might spend her free Tuesdays skittering off to Oz." Indeed, Julie was the very image of Mary Poppins and, to many Disney fans, she remains the magical nanny of their dreams.
Julie was born on October 1, 1935, in Walton-on-Thames, England.
During World War II, when schools were forced to close, she took singing lessons to keep busy and her unusual five-octave vocal range was discovered.
By age 12, Julie astounded an audience at the London Hippodrome when she performed a difficult operatic aria as part of the "Starlight Roof" revue. She went on to appear in a variety of shows including Cinderella at the London Palladium and The Boy Friend on Broadway, which led to her triumphant stage role as Eliza Doolittle in My Fair Lady.
Walt Disney first spotted Julie in the early 1960s when she was starring as Queen Guinevere in Camelot on Broadway. After seeing Julie perform, Walt made a beeline backstage to offer her the title role in his upcoming musical fantasy. Mary Poppins went on to garner 13 Academy Award® nominations and win five, including Best Original Score, Best Original Song, Best Film Editing, and Best Visual Effects. Julie's award for Best Actress in a Leading Role was the first competitive Oscar® ever won by an actor in a Disney film.
As one of Julie's most enthusiastic supporters, Walt allowed rival producer Martin Ransohoff to view her rushes for Mary Poppins; this lead to her next film role in The Americanization of Emily." She then appeared in one of Hollywood's top-grossing films of all time, The Sound of Music. Directed by Robert Wise, the now-classic musical brought Julie another Oscar nomination. Among her other screen credits are HawaiiThoroughly Modern Millie, and Victor/Victoria, for which she won yet another Oscar nomination in 1982. She reprised the famous role on Broadway in the mid-1990s.
With the new millennium, Julie renewed her relationship with Disney by starring in a pair of hit family films, 2001's The Princess Diaries and 2004's The Princess Diaries 2: Royal Engagement. She even portrayed another literary nanny, appearing in two Disney telefilms based on author Kay Thompson's "Eloise" books. Eloise at the Plaza and Eloise at Christmastime both premiered in 2003—and brought Julie an Emmy nomination.
To celebrate the 50th anniversary of Disneyland, Julie served as the Official Ambassador of the park's 18-month "Happiest Homecoming on Earth" festivities from 2005 until 2006. The next year, she provided narration for the Disney live-action fantasy Enchanted.
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14. Matthew Garber (1956–1977)
2004 • Film
Actor Matthew Garber lives forever in Disney's classic live-action motion pictures The Three Lives of ThomasinaMary Poppins, and The Gnome-Mobile. Teamed with co-star, childhood friend, and Disney Legend Karen Dotrice in all three features, Matthew won the hearts of Disney audiences with his fresh, uninhibited, and infectious personality.
Matthew's unusual lack of inhibition in front of the camera quickly inspired Disney's publicity department at the time to coin him "the youngest method actor in movies." In fact, his unique quality as a non-performer is precisely what won the seven-year-old his first Disney starring role as Geordie in The Three Lives of Thomasina.
Matthew's premier screen test for The Gnome-Mobile revealed the "aha" moment for Disney Casting, which subsequently cinched their choice in talent.
An incident published in articles read, "He interrupted the scene by saying, 'Excuse me, I think one of my front teeth is falling out.' Trying to stifle a laugh, the director replied: 'Well, go ahead and pull it out.' Matthew did just that, while the camera continued to roll."
Born in England on March 25, 1956, to parents who had both performed on stage, Matthew attended St. Paul's Primary School and Highgate School, north of London. A Disney press release composed in 1967 painted a portrait of Matthew as a spirited and bright boy, who enjoyed pulling practical jokes on friends, competing in sports, and reading books rich with adventure, mythology, and even poetry.
As a friend of the Dotrice family, Karen's father, Shakespearian actor Roy Dotrice, called Matthew to the attention of Disney Casting, where his use of "artful dodges, like squinting, screwing up his nose, and brushing his hair back with one hand" opened the gate to the Studio lot.
Karen recalled working with Michael, "He was how he looked—an imp, and I loved being his shadow. I can't imagine making movies would have been half as much fun without him. He loved being naughty, finding and jumping off of small buildings on the back lot. While I was Victorian proper and wouldn't let myself get dirty or muddy, Matthew had a great sense of fun and danger. He was a daredevil and could have been a race car driver. And he did live a full life over his 21 years."
After Matthew's treasured contributions to Disney motion pictures, he returned to England, but little is known about him from that time forward.
Matthew passed away on June 13, 1977, at Royal Free Hospital in Hampstead, England, although his death was not commonly known until long after.
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15. Estelle Getty (1923–2008)
2009 • Television
"I've played mothers to heroes and mothers to zeroes," the Emmy® Award-winning actress Estelle Getty observed in her 1988 autobiography, If I Knew Then What I Know Now… So What? "I've played Irish mothers, Jewish mothers, Italian mothers, Southern mothers, mothers in plays by Neil Simon and Arthur Miller and Tennessee Williams. I've played mother to everyone but Attila the Hun."
She also played, perhaps most famously, the wisecrack-slinging mother Sophia Petrillo in Touchstone Television's The Golden Girls. With her tiny frame, huge eyeglasses, and ever-present purse, Estelle cut a comic swath few have forgotten, and in so doing revealed a heartbreaking truth. Older women, as Estelle once observed, need an oversized purse, because they have been relieved of so many possessions in their lives that everything they have managed to hold on to seems to wind up in one. It was precisely this deeply realized mix of comic absurdity and sad truth that made Estelle's portrayal of Sophia so unforgettable. In 1988, she received an Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series for her performance in this seminal comedy series.
"I know this lady I'm playing," Estelle observed during the show's spectacular run. "She's partly me and partly my imagination, but she's an original and that's what I've been playing all my life—original characters."
Original is an adjective that fit Estelle nicely. Born July 25, 1923, in New York City, she was trained for the New York stage by the legendary Herbert Berghof Studios and famed acting coach Gerald Russak. After a long stage career, she gained national prominence with her headline-stealing role in Broadway's Tony Award®-winning Torch Song Trilogy. Her portrayal of the inimitable Mrs. Beckoff won her the first-ever Helen Hayes Award for Best Supporting Performer.
Hollywood discovered Estelle Getty when the show arrived in Los Angeles. Her management team told her she should try to make it in Hollywood. Her answer? "I'll give it two months." In that time, Estelle starred in Torch Song Trilogy," shot the NBC pilot No Man's Land, went to work on the highly regarded film Mask (again, playing a mother, this time to Cher) and performed in Copacabana (playing mother to Barry Manilow). Although she was slightly younger than Bea Arthur, Estelle donned a wig, makeup and delightfully dowdy clothes to try out for the role of Dorothy's mother on The Golden Girls. Six weeks later, she won the part.
Estelle shared with her character Sophia a forthrightness that, after The Golden Girls, made her a spokesperson for many AIDS related charities. She became a preeminent voice in this country for the senior population.
Estelle passed away on July 22, 2008, in her Hollywood home. "Our mother-daughter relationship was one of the greatest comic duos ever, and I will miss her," Bea Arthur said at the time of her passing.
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16. Beatrice Arthur (1922–2009)
2009 • Television
Tall, husky-voiced, hilariously forthright if not downright acid-tongued, Beatrice "Bea" Arthur commanded attention, whether she was on stage or the TV screen.
Born Bernice Frankel in New York City on May 13, 1922, Bea was raised in Cambridge, Maryland— the daughter of department store owners. She later trained for the stage at the Dramatic Workshop of the New School for Social Research in New York City, gaining attention for her natural talent, stature, and a voice so deep it could be mistaken for that of a man's. She went to work on Broadway where she quickly landed a succession of roles, and, in 1966, she won a Tony® Award for her performance as the barb-tongued Vera Charles in Mame.
Bea had little television or film experience when she met television writer and producer Norman Lear, who brought her to Hollywood in 1971 for a guest spot on All in the Family as Maude, Edith Bunker's opinionated and progressively minded cousin. Maude's cosmic-scaled clashes with Archie Bunker, the possessor of a more retrograde mindset, became the stuff of comedy legend; within a year, Bea had her own show, Maude, which aired on CBS from 1972-1978. For her work on the series, Bea received five Emmy® nominations and won for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series in 1977.
It was in the Touchstone Television series The Golden Girls, which aired on NBC from 1985 to 1992, that Bea found her most fully realized and enduring character, utterly inhabiting the role of Dorothy Zbornak, daughter of the widowed Sophia Petrillo (Estelle Getty). Mother-daughter exchanges never sounded more authentic or hilarious, and what helped make the show tick so smoothly, as show producer Paul Witt once said, was the way Bea functioned as "the isle of sanity who could look at the other three characters from the audience's perspective."
"I'm thrilled to be part of this bright, funny comedy," Bea said during the series' run. "It's fun to go to work every day with this marvelous group of performers." All four of the show's stars, Bea, Estelle Getty, Rue McClanahan, and Betty White, would go on to receive Emmys for their work on this landmark television series, with Bea earning hers in 1988.
After The Golden Girls, Bea continued to work, most notably in a one-woman show called Bea Arthur on Broadway: Just Between Friends, which enjoyed strong runs on Broadway and around the world. She was also a strong advocate of animal rights and AIDS research.
She was married twice, to playwright Robert Alan Aurthur, from whom she derived her stage name, and to Broadway director Gene Saks.
Bea passed away on April 25, 2009, in Los Angeles on April 25, 2009. Three days later, the Broadway community paid tribute to this giant of screen and stage by dimming marquees in New York City's Broadway theater district for one minute. Betty White, who played Rose Nylund on The Golden Girls, said upon hearing of Bea's passing, "I knew it would hurt, I just didn't know it would hurt this much. She was such a big part of my life."
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17. Betty White (1922–2021)
2009 • Television
By any standard, Betty White is one of the most popular and beloved American actresses of this or any time.
From the moment she appeared on television in 1950, critics and audiences fell in love with her. From her hilarious portrayal of the snide "Happy Homemaker" Sue Ann Nivens on The Mary Tyler Moore Show and her charming performance as Rose Nylund, the charmingly daft spirit she played on the Touchstone Television series The Golden Girls, to her scene-stealing role as Grandma Annie in Touchstone Pictures' The Proposal, Betty is proof that if you're kind, dedicated to your craft, and hysterically funny, getting acting work will never be a problem. Deciding how much you can fit into your incredibly busy schedule, however, may be.
The six-time Emmy Award®-winning actress was born Betty Marion White on January 17, 1922, in Oak Park, Illinois, and raised in Southern California. After hosting a local television show, she formed her own production company in the early 1950s with producer Don Fedderson and writer George Tibbles. The partnership led to her debut comedy series, Life with Elizabeth, for which she won her first Emmy® in 1952. Betty then became a mainstay on variety and game shows and was a much-in-demand regular with Jack Paar, Merv Griffin, and Johnny Carson. Betty then appeared on The Mary Tyler Moore Show in its fourth season, and her legendary star turn as the man-hungry Sue Ann Nivens brought her two Emmys for Best Supporting Actress, for the years 1974-75 and 1975-76.
Equally, if not more beloved, was her spirited performance as Rose Nylund on the critically acclaimed and breakout hit The Golden Girls (1985-1992), for which she was nominated seven times for an Emmy, winning one in 1985. Who can forget her rambling soliloquies about her curious hometown of St. Olaf, Minnesota, which perpetually left her roommates flummoxed but had viewers at home laughing to the point of tears?
"Let's face it," Betty said about her character, "Rose is a little bit naive. To her, life is a romantic musical and she's waiting around to see how it turns out."
Betty never was good at waiting to see how life turns out. After The Golden Girls, she appeared in a spin-off series, The Golden Palace, won an Emmy for her work on The John Larroquette Show, earned an Emmy nomination for Suddenly Susan, and continued to appear on television shows such as Ally McBealThat '70s ShowBoston Legal, and the daytime soap The Bold and the Beautiful. For Disney, she performed A Conversation with Betty White, taped at the Disney-MGM Studios for Disney Channel, starred in the series Empty Nest as Rose Nylund, and appeared in Maybe This Time. She supplied the voice of Round in Disney's Whispers: An Elephant Tale. She also played Mrs. Kline in the Touchstone Pictures film Bringing Down the House, opposite Disney Legend Steve Martin.
She is the author or co-author of five books, and in 2006 was honored by the City of Los Angeles as the "Ambassador to the Animals" for her lifelong work for animal welfare. Betty was honored by the Television Critics Association with a Lifetime Achievement Award in 2009. "You can't get rid of me," she joked at the ceremony. "I just won't go away!"
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18. Rue McClanahan (1934–2010)
2009 • Television
Born on February 21, 1934, in Healdton, Oklahoma, Eddi-Rue McClanahan graduated with honors from the University of Tulsa, where she majored in German and theatre, before embarking on what would become a highly successful career in theater, commercials, television, and film. Gifted, spirited, and blessed with an uncanny sense of comic timing, Rue is perhaps best known for her role as Blanche Devereaux in The Golden Girls, a wildly successful and critically acclaimed Touchstone Television series that aired on NBC from 1985 to 1992.
Rue began her acting career in New York City in 1957 and made her Broadway debut in 1969, portraying Sally Weber in the musical Jimmy Shine with Dustin Hoffman. The following year she landed her breakout role in the NBC soap Another World, bringing to life the maniacal nanny Caroline Johnson. Rue then joined the cast of the CBS soap Where the Heart Is, where she grabbed the spotlight as Margaret Jardin, another character of questionable intentions.
From 1972 to 1984, she played a variety of TV roles, including her charming performance as Vivian Cavender Harmon in Maude, the multiple award-winning CBS series. But it was in 1985 with The Golden Girls that Rue McClanahan found the perfect character for her unique comic talents, and playing the sarcastic, rapier-witted Blanche Devereaux gave Rue the chance to explore fully her comedic range.
"I'm playing a man-crazy, self-centered widow, and I'm having a lot of fun doing it!" she said during the show's run.
"I'm very lucky and thrilled to be back with Bea [Arthur] and Betty [White], two wonderful actresses I've worked with before [on "Maude" and "Mama's Family," respectively]. And, of course, the hilarious Estelle Getty is a delight."
The Golden Girls hilariously redefined viewer notions of how respectable older women ought to behave. Rue's hilarious turn as an unrepentantly oversexed senior citizen endlessly recalling, with her spot-on Southern drawl, escapades from days gone by threatened to steal the show every week. During its original run, The Golden Girls received 65 Emmy® nominations, 11 Emmy awards and four Golden Globe® Awards. All the lead actresses won Emmy Awards for their performances on the show. Only the landmark television series All in the Family and Will & Grace can make that same claim. For her work on the series, Rue received the Emmy Award for Best Actress in a Comedy Series in 1987.
In 1992, Rue starred in The Golden Palace, again for Touchstone Television, in which she reprised the role of Blanche. This time, with dreams of becoming the next Leona Helmsley dancing in her head, Blanche convinced her roommates, Rose and Sophia, to pool their resources and buy an art deco hotel in Miami Beach.
Rue continued to act on television and on stage, remained an animal activist and became a successful author. In an interview late in life, she said she still thought often about her friends from The Golden Girls: "I was washing my face the other day and thought, 'What if I was working today and walked onto the soundstage and Bea and Estelle were there?' Those days were truly golden."
Rue passed away on June 3, 2010, in New York City.
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19. Barbara Walters (1929–2022)
2008 • Television
"I was the kind nobody thought could make it," Barbara Walters once said. "I had a funny Boston accent. I couldn't pronounce my R's. I wasn't a beauty." She was, however, a wholly unique combination of intelligence, ambition, drive, and character—a matchless personality that led her to one achievement after another in a remarkable fifty-year career.
Barbara was the first woman co-host of the Today show, the first female network news co-anchor, the host and producer of top-rated TV specials, the host and chief correspondent of "20/20," and the creator and co-host of "The View." She has not only interviewed the world's most fascinating figures, she has become a part of their world.
Barbara Walters was born in Boston, Massachusetts, on September 25, 1929, to Dena and Lou Walters, and attended schools in Boston, New York, and Miami Beach. She earned a B.A. in English from Sarah Lawrence College, after which she joined NBC New York affiliate WRCA-TV, where she became a writer and the affiliate's youngest producer. Her abilities and experience in research, writing, filming, and editing soon earned her a job as news and public affairs producer for CBS.
In 1961, she began as a writer on the Today show, and within a year became a reporter-at-large. She became a co-host of the program without the official title in 1963, but in 1974 NBC formally designated her as the program's first female co-host.
Barbara joined ABC in 1976 as the first woman to co-host the network news. Through the years she has interviewed such world figures as Boris Yeltsin, Premier Jiang Zemin, Margaret Thatcher, Muammar Gaddafi, and Sadaam Hussein.
She was also the first American journalist to interview Vladimir Putin, and the first interview with President and Mrs. Bush following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001.
In fact, she has interviewed every American president and first lady since Richard Nixon, and made journalism history with the first joint interview with Anwar Sadat and Menachem Begin in 1977.
The Barbara Walters Specials are continuously top-rated, and have included such legends as Sir Laurence Olivier, Bing Crosby, John Wayne, Bette Davis, and Audrey Hepburn. The 10 Most Fascinating People broadcast, launched in 1993, offers a review of the most prominent newsmakers of the year. After 25 years as host and chief correspondent of ABC News' 20/20, Barbara left the show in 2004, but remains an active member of the news division and network. She is creator, co-executive producer, and co-host of The View, recipient of the 2003 Daytime Emmy® award for Outstanding Talk Show. In 2008, her autobiography, Audition, was published by Knopf to critical and popular acclaim, and spent several weeks at the top of the New York Times Bestseller List.
Over the years Barbara has been the recipient of numerous honors, including induction into the Academy of Television Arts and Sciences Hall of Fame and receipt of the ATAS Lifetime Achievement Award. She even has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
Barbara is the recipient of honorary degrees from Sarah Lawrence, Ohio State University, Temple University, Marymount College, Wheaton College, Hofstra University, and Ben-Gurion University in Jerusalem.
"Success can make you go one of two ways," Walters once reflected. "It can make you a prima donna, or it can smooth the edges, take away the insecurities, let the nice things come out."
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20. Guy Williams (1924–1989)
2011 • Television
"Out of the night… when the full moon is bright…" If you were a child in the 1950s, you immediately recognize those dramatic opening words to the theme song of a certain television hero of the time—"a horseman known as Zorro." And of all the famous film Zorros, the memorable standout was Guy Williams.
Born Armando Catalano in New York City on January 14, 1924, Guy attended grade school in New York and received his advanced education at Peekskill Military Academy with the intention of entering West Point. Fate intervened in 1952 when a Hollywood agent saw him walking down Fifth Avenue. He took a screen test and began to find regular acting work in New York's Neighborhood Playhouse and on television productions like Studio One. The screen test eventually led him to a one-year contract at Universal Studio—and a new name.
At that time in Hollywood, actors with foreign-sounding names were quickly typecast. In coming up with a stage name, he once laughingly recalled, "'Guy Williams' was about as non-specific as I could imagine!"
Not finding his big break despite a few early movie roles, he returned to New York to continue acting and occasional modeling. In 1957, he decided to try Hollywood again; this time he appeared as the policeman who guns down Michael Landon in I Was a Teenage Werewolf.
Meanwhile, Walt Disney had scored major successes on the fledgling ABC television network with Disneyland, the Mickey Mouse Club, and a five-part western adventure, Davy Crockett. Walt acquired the rights to the Zorro stories, a fictional character created in 1919 by pulp writer Johnston McCulley, and began searching for his star. Enter Guy Williams, who not only physically looked the part, but was also an experienced horseman and skilled swordsman. Norman Foster, director of many of the Zorro episodes, said he was amazed "the other Hollywood studios failed to get him before we did!"
With Guy on board, Walt built an expensive replica of a Spanish pueblo on the backlot of his studio in Burbank and filming began. Zorro debuted on ABC on October 10, 1957, eventually running for 78 episodes over two seasons. The series was an instant hit, and kids from coast to coast soon drove parents and teachers crazy by scratching Zorro's traditional "Z" on sidewalks, book covers, and even their clothing. As part of Guy's contract, he also began delighting camera-toting tourists when he made occasional guest appearances in character in Frontierland at Disneyland.
The series ended in 1959 and Walt moved his anthology show to NBC, but Guy stayed with Disney in four one-hour Zorro special episodes and starred in a three-part television movie of the classic Mark Twain story The Prince and the Pauper. In 1965 Guy donned a silver spacesuit, starring as professor John Robinson in three seasons of the CBS series Lost in Space.
By 1973, Zorro was in syndication worldwide, with one very important fan—the wife of Argentine president Juan Peron. Guy was convinced to appear at a charity show in Buenos Aires, and he fell in love with the country's large ranches and leisurely way of life. He built residences there and in California, and passed away on May 6, 1989, in Buenos Aires.
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21. Robert Newton (1905–1956)
2002 • Film & Television
Among the many gifted actors who have graced Disney live-action motion pictures over the years, one in particular looms largely and menacingly in the collective memory of fans. He is Robert Newton, who starred as the charismatically wicked Long John Silver in Disney's first live-action film Treasure Island, based on the classic tale by Robert Louis Stevenson.
Born June 1, 1905, in Shaftesbury, England, Robert was the son of respected painter and member of the Royal Academy, Algernon Newton. Robert began his career as a stagehand at the age of 15 with the Birmingham Repertory Company, quickly working his way up to a walk-on part in Henry VI. In 1923, he toured South Africa in Bulldog Drummond and, the following year, made his London stage debut in London Life at Drury Lane.
He caught the eye of Noel Coward in 1928, while performing in Her Cardboard Lover with Tallulah Bankhead and Leslie Howard. He made his way to New York, where he replaced Laurence Olivier in Coward's Private Lives in 1931.
Robert returned to London in 1932, where he ran the repertory Shilling Theatre while appearing in such West End hits as The Greeks Had a Word For It in 1934 and "Hamlet" at the Old Vic in 1937. Around the same time, he turned his focus to motion pictures and, by the late 1940s, became a leading box-office attraction in Britain, with such memorable roles as Bill Sykes in the 1948 film Oliver Twist.
He made his American motion picture debut that same year in Kiss the Blood Off My Hands, starring Burt Lancaster, and the Los Angeles Times reported that "Hollywood has finally got hold of Robert Newton, one of Britain's most versatile actors."
Other motion pictures included Androcles and the LionThe High and the MightyGaslightTom Brown's SchooldaysAround the World in 80 Days, and many more.
Adept at portraying cunning villains, Robert's thunderous voice and rolling, wild eyes, mesmerized audiences when Treasure Island, shot on location in Britain, premiered in 1950. The one and only role he ever played for Disney proved to be his most popular, leading the actor to numerous subsequent "shiver-me-timbers" performances.
"Treasure Island belongs to Robert Newton," critic Leonard Maltin wrote in his book The Disney Films. "Rereading Stevenson, one finds that Newton is Long John. "Indeed, Newton was so powerful as Silver that he found himself locked into the characterization, repeating it in an Australian-filmed feature, Long John Silver, a TV series of the same name, and similar roles such as the title role in Blackbeard the Pirate. Newton's trouping may have been ham, but his performance remains in the memory long after everything else has been forgotten."
Robert Newton passed away on March 25, 1956, in Beverly Hills, California.
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22. Johnny Depp
2015 • Film
A teen heartthrob who then became one of the biggest movie stars in the world star, Johnny Depp is a rarity among actors, willing and able to mix swashbuckling leading-man performances with eccentric character roles. Perhaps best known among these parts is the internationally-beloved Captain Jack Sparrow of the Pirates of the Caribbean films.
Nothing, however, could match the record-smashing and Academy Award®-nominated success of Johnny's Captain Jack Sparrow.
Born John Christopher Depp II in Owensboro, Kentucky on June 9, 1963, Johnny moved frequently as a child before dropping out of school at age 15 to become a musician. Encouraged to become an actor, he made his first on-screen appearance in 1984's A Nightmare on Elm Street. He earned a role in Oliver Stone's acclaimed drama Platoon, but rocketed to fame on TV's 21 Jump Street. A series of acclaimed roles followed, including John Waters' Cry-BabyBenny & Joon, and What's Eating Gilbert Grape?
Edward Scissorhands marked Johnny's first work with director Tim Burton, and the beginning of a long friendship and collaboration that has included eight films to date. Their second film together, the 1994 masterpiece Ed Wood, marked Johnny's first appearance in a Disney film. Subsequent successes included Don Juan DeMarcoDonny BrascoFear and Loathing in Las Vegas, and Sleepy Hollow.
Nothing, however, could match the record-smashing and Academy Award®-nominated success of Johnny's Captain Jack Sparrow, beginning with 2003's Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl. Not only has he reprised the role in three sequel films, but he has continued to bring this unique character to life in video games, the Pirates of the Caribbean attractions in Florida and California, and The Legend of Captain Jack Sparrow at Disney's Hollywood Studios. Captain Jack Sparrow will next be seen in the upcoming Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales. Depp once said, "It was mentioned that they were considering a movie based on the Pirates of the Caribbean ride, and I said I was in. There was no screenplay, no director, nothing. For some unknown reason, I just said I was in."
"It's been a fun ride, and I'm enjoying it for all it's worth."
More recently, Johnny has appeared as Peter Pan creator James Barrie in Finding Neverland, and has scored hits with Charlie and the Chocolate FactoryCorpse BrideThe TouristDark Shadows and Rango. In 2010, Johnny had another blockbuster success at Disney with Alice in Wonderland, and his brilliant characterization of the Mad Hatter will return in Alice Through The Looking Glass in 2016. He returned to the Studio in 2013, as Tonto in The Lone Ranger and appeared as the Wolf in 2014's Into the Woods.
Long acclaimed for his acting work, Johnny received a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor for Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street and a Screen Actors Guild Award for his performance as Captain Jack Sparrow.
"I've been around long enough to know that one week, you're on the exclusive list of guys who can open a movie, and then the next week, you're off the list," Depp once said. "It's been a fun ride, and I'm enjoying it for all it's worth."
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23. Ginny Tyler (1925–2012)
2006 • Film & Television
For some, their chosen profession is a family legacy. Such is the case with the original Disneyland Records "Disneyland Storyteller," Ginny Tyler.
Born Merrie Virginia Erlandson in Berkeley, California, on August 8, 1925, Ginny grew up in a Native-American family near Seattle, Washington. There, her family passed along the storytelling craft, as well as the imitation of animal sounds and birdcalls. Ginny's flair with these talents first put her before the radio microphone in the 1940s, and by 1951 she was hosting her own daily children's show on KOMO-TV, Magic Island. She was also getting more and more work off-screen for her vocal talents, and in 1957 Mother Goose flew south to Hollywood.
One of her first jobs after landing was playing Olive Oyl on a Spike Jones recording of "I'm Popeye the Sailor Man," and work on more novelty records quickly followed. By the early 1960s, she had joined the Disneyland Records stock company, narrating beloved vinyl recordings of BambiBabes in ToylandHans Brinker, and More Mother Goose.
When the original Mickey Mouse Club was re-edited and repackaged for syndication in 1962, Tyler was appointed Head Mouseketeer, live from Disneyland. A Mickey Mouse Club Headquarters was constructed inside the Main Street Opera House, later home to Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln, where Ginny hosted a live 15-minute daily segment of the program. Children could also register as "Official Mouseketeers," complete with membership card, and Ginny, often in the company of Roy Williams or Jimmie Dodd, was on hand for greetings and autographs.
Ginny's vocal work gradually moved from just narration to character voices for Disney.
She played two amorous female squirrels in The Sword in the Stone and sang for several of the barnyard animals in the "Jolly Holiday" sequence of Mary Poppins.
For other studios, Ginny was "Casper, the Friendly Ghost" in his 1963 TV series, space-damsel Jan and the Black Widow in Space Ghost, Sue Richards in The Fantastic Four, Flirtacia the Lilliputian in The Adventures of Gulliver, and all the female characters in the first 13 episodes of Davey and Goliath.
Ginny provided the voice of Polynesia the parrot, who taught the good doctor how to talk to the animals in Doctor Dolittle. Along with frequent Disneyland Records co-star Dallas McKennon, she provided most of the other animal voices for that musical spectacular. Her parrot patois was also heard on The Jack Benny Show and The Lucy Show.
Her Disney days remain "the most awesome part of my life, and truly a 'dream come true'!" Ginny once said. She remembered a day at Disneyland where she was waxing effusive about the many beautiful aspects of the Park with Walt. "And I was raving away to Walt how wonderful Disneyland was, he said, 'And that goes for my Disneyland Storyteller, too.' I have never felt prouder in my entire life."
Ginny Tyler passed away on July 13, 2012.
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24. Jimmie Dodd (1910–1964)
1992 • Television
Always quick with a smile and a song, Jimmie Dodd was the unforgettable host of the Mickey Mouse Club. With his trusty "Mousegetar" in hand, the singer, songwriter, musician, dancer, and actor was a friend to children across the nation. He often transferred his infectious spirit through Doddisms, delightful instruction on the principles of good living, which he shared on each show to "help us all be better Mouseketeers."
According to Lorraine Santoli's The Official Mickey Mouse Club Book, one of Jimmie's favorite Doddisms was from the French philosopher Etienne De Grolier: "I expect to pass through life but once. If therefore, there by any kindness I can show, or any good thing I can do, to any fellow being, let me do it now and not defer or neglect it, as I shall not pass this way again." Jimmie practiced this philosophy on and off camera.
As Mouseketeer Sharon Baird remembered, "Jimmie was one of the nicest human beings I've ever known in my life. He was genuine and he didn't speak down to kids, he included them. He was a great person to look up to."
Born March 28, 1910, in Cincinnati, Ohio, Jimmie attended Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee, the Cincinnati Conservatory of Music, and the Schouster-Martin School of Dramatics in Cincinnati. His first professional job was playing guitar and singing his own songs for a St. Petersburg, Florida, radio station. He later appeared with bandleader Louis Prima.
A heart condition kept Jimmie out of the armed services during World War II; however, he and his wife, dancer Ruth Carroll, toured extensively with USO shows. While overseas he met television personality Jinx Falkenburg, who was influential in helping Jimmie make his television debut, first with Arthur Godfrey and later on Jinx's own show.
In the mid-1950s, Jimmie got a call from an old tennis pal, Bill Justice, who worked at the Walt Disney Studio. Bill explained that Walt wanted a special song composed for an animated "pencil" sequence on his television show. So Jimmie wrote and personally performed a little "pencil" ditty for Walt, which won him his role on the Mickey Mouse Club. According to Santoli, Walt suddenly proclaimed, "Hey, Jim is the one who should be on the Mickey Mouse Club!"
A prolific songwriter, Jimmie penned more than 400 songs during his lifetime, including "Rosemary," "Nashville Blues," and "Amarillo." He also wrote more than 30 songs for the Mickey Mouse Club, including the title "Mickey Mouse Club March."
Jimmie Dodd passed away on November 10, 1964, in Honolulu, Hawaii.
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25. Billy Crystal
2013 • Film & Television
"He's my favorite character I've ever played," Billy Crystal once said of Mike Wazowski, the frenetic, green, cyclopean monster from 2001's Monsters, Inc. and 2013's Monsters University. Billy's voice acting and improvisational talents brought the excitable, soft-hearted Wazowski to life, making the character, as Billy once explained, "fast and edgy; speedy and nuts; aggressive and romantic… and positive."
It's a versatility that has served Billy well in his varied career as a comedian, actor, writer, director, producer, host, and… major league ballplayer?
From the very beginning, Billy was drawn to the life of an entertainer. Born in New York City on March 14, 1948, his father Jack was a music promoter while his uncle was legendary record producer Milton Gabler. His mother, Helen, once even provided the voice of Minnie Mouse in the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade. Billy grew up surrounded by jazz legends, but the real stars of the household were he and his two brothers. The trio performed a constant stream of skits and variety acts—many "borrowed" from comedy albums they discovered at their father's record store—at family get-togethers and local events.
After briefly attending Marshall University on a baseball scholarship, Billy wound up graduating from New York University's Tisch School of the Arts in 1970. He began to work the improv comedy circuit in New York City, and eventually found his way into an appearance during the first season of Saturday Night Live (1975–1976).
Billy's big breakthrough came with his groundbreaking role as Jodie Dallas on Soap, which aired on ABC from 1977 – 81. He joined the cast of Saturday Night Live for its 1984 – 85 season, where his character Fernando famously coined the catchphrase, "You look mahvelous!" In 1986, he hosted the first of many Comedy Relief charity fundraisers alongside friends Whoopi Goldberg and fellow Disney Legend Robin Williams.
An appearance early in his career on All in the Family led to a long friendship with actor and director Rob Reiner, who would bring Billy to movie screens in the 1980s. Two small-but-memorable roles in Reiner films, This Is Spinal Tap (1984) and The Princess Bride (1987), led to a starring turn in 1989's When Harry Met Sally. That performance earned him a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actor, a feat he would repeat with City Slickers (1991) and Mr. Saturday Night (1992).
In 1993, Billy guest starred on the Jim Henson Productions-produced Muppets Tonight for ABC. After initially passing on the role of Buzz Lightyear for Toy Story, he joined the Pixar family as the voice of Mike Wazowski in Monsters, Inc. It's a role he has revisited in the 2002 short film Mike's New Car, as a cameo in Cars (2006), and in 2013's Monsters University. He also provided Mike's voice for the Disney California Adventure attraction Monsters, Inc. Mike & Sulley to the Rescue! (2006). For the 2005 Studio Ghibli production Howl's Moving Castle, he voiced the character Calcifer.
For ABC television, Billy hosted the Academy Awards® broadcast nine times between 1990 and 2012—more than any performer save for Bob Hope, and earning him four of his six Emmy awards. His love of baseball—he is a lifelong New York Yankees fan—led him to direct 61* (2001), based on the 1961 race to break Babe Ruth's single season home run record. It earned him an Emmy nomination for Outstanding Directing for a Miniseries, Movie, or a Special. Billy is a part owner of the Arizona Diamondbacks club, which won him a World Series ring in 2001. For his 60th birthday in 2008, the Yankees signed him to a minor league contract—for a single day.
On the Broadway stage, Billy wrote and performed the two-act, one-man autobiographical play 700 Sundays, about his childhood on Long Island. It ran for 163 sold-out performances in 2004, won the 2005 Tony® Award for Best Special Theatrical Event, and brought him the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding One-Person Show.
For his lifetime of achievement, Billy was awarded the Mark Twain Prize for American Humor in 2007.
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26. John Goodman
2013 • Film & Television
John Goodman lent his voice to one of animation's most famous monsters, but he had his own personal "scarer" as a child. John's imaginary monster hid under his bed, unlike the closet-dwelling James P. "Sulley" Sullivan from 2001's Monsters, Inc. and 2013's Monsters University. "There's no way one could've survived in there with my sneakers alone," he once joked.
John was born June 20, 1952, in Affton, Missouri, just outside of St. Louis. In high school he indulged his two big loves, football and theater. Following graduation in 1970, he obtained a football scholarship to Southwest Missouri State University. But when he was sidelined by an injury, he changed his major to drama and graduated with a theater degree in 1975.
Thanks to a loan from his brother, the Midwesterner found his way to New York City. He made his way on to the dinner theater circuit, and made ends meet by acting in commercials. In 1979 he worked his way to Broadway in Loose Ends. More roles followed, on stage and then in film, until John received a big break in the Tony Award-winning Broadway musical Big River (1985–87). For the role of Pap Finn, he was nominated for a Drama Desk Award for Best Featured Actor in a Musical.
His first major film role came in True Stories (1986), which he followed with Raising Arizona (1987). This would mark his first appearance in a Coen Brothers film, but he would soon become a reliable member of their stock company of actors, appearing in Barton Fink (1991), The Big Lebowski (1998), Touchstone Pictures' O Brother, Where Art Thou? (2000), and Inside Llewyn Davis (2013).
A trip to New Orleans during college sparked John with a lifelong adoration for the city, where he would return to film The Big Easy (1987) and Everybody's All-American (1988).
During production of the latter film, he met his wife, a native of the area, and relocated there soon after.
In 1987, John was acting in a Los Angeles stage production of Antony and Cleopatra when an ABC talent scout recruited him to act opposite Roseanne Barr in the sitcom Roseanne (1988–97). John's character, Dan Conner, a rumpled everyman with a heart of gold, provided a grounded center for the show and earned John a Best Actor award from the Golden Globes in 1993, and seven Emmy nominations from 1989–95. Further Emmy nominations came for his roles in the telefilms Kingfish: A Story of Huey P. Long (1995) and A Streetcar Named Desire (1995).
John appeared as the iconic Fred Flintstone in The Flintstones (1994), and made appearances in such prominent projects such as The Artist (2011), ParaNorman (2012), Argo (2012), and Flight (2012). He has also continued to work in television, appearing on the acclaimed HBO series Treme (2010), on NBC's Community (2011), and on Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip (2006), for which he won an Emmy. John has also hosted Saturday Night Live 12 times.
Among John's appearances in Disney-produced films are Arachnophobia (1990)— the first Hollywood Pictures film—and Born Yesterday (1993), as well as Touchstone Pictures' Stella (1990), Coyote Ugly (2000), and Confessions of a Shopaholic (2009).
He has also brought his affable yet booming baritone to a number of animated classics, including Pixar's Monsters, Inc. (2001) and Monsters University (2013). He voiced Sulley for Disney California Adventure's Monsters, Inc. Mike & Sulley to the Rescue! (2006). In the realm of hand-drawn animation, John voiced Pacha for the screwball favorite The Emperor's New Groove (2000) and its sequel, Kronk's New Groove (2005). He gave voice to longtime favorite Baloo in The Jungle Book 2 (2003) and brought a Louisiana drawl to "Big Daddy" La Bouff in The Princess and the Frog (2009).
John was inducted into the St. Louis Hall of Fame in 1997. He continues to enjoy his adopted home of New Orleans and has aided in recovery efforts following Hurricane Katrina and the Gulf oil spills.
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27. Tommy Kirk (1941–2021)
2006 • Television
Tommy Kirk was a juvenile hero as well as the ideal mischief-maker in many Walt Disney film and television projects, but was also undoubtedly the finest child actor to emerge from Disney. "I always had the greatest respect for him as an actor," says Tom's "Hardy Boys" brother Tim Considine. "I always thought he was a monster talent."
Thomas Lee Kirk was born on December 10, 1941 in Louisville, Kentucky and raised in Los Angeles. He was just 13 years old when discovered in Will Rogers, Jr.'s production of Eugene O'Neill's Ah, Wilderness! at the Pasadena Playhouse. The all-American boy was brought to the attention of Walt Disney, who cast the teenager as half of "The Hardy Boys" in the popular serial seen on the Mickey Mouse Club.
Tommy appeared in more television programs, including FrontierGunsmoke, and The Loretta Young Show, before returning to Disney to film a serial sequel to the first "Hardy Boys" adventure. Larger, varied, and more significant Disney roles followed, among them a brilliant performance as Arliss Coates in Old Yeller, a comic turn in The Shaggy Dog, romance and adventure in Swiss Family Robinson, more comedy in The Absent-Minded Professor, and musical comedy in Babes in Toyland. He guest-starred in Moon Pilot and the sequels Son of Flubber and Savage Sam, and the telefilms The Horsemasters and Escapade in Florence.
Personal problems caused Tom some difficulties during the early 1960s.
On the set of Disney's Bon Voyage (1962), star Fred MacMurray gave Tom "the biggest dressing-down of my life" for his behavior, and Tom later confessed that he fully deserved the scolding.
Tom's last two films for the Studio featured him as the teenage genius, Merlin Jones, in The Misadventures of Merlin Jones and The Monkey's Uncle.
Tom experienced many of the same troubles other former child and teen stars did when they matured, and he was left to take less and less challenging roles in 1960s "Beach Party" films and teen movies such as Pajama PartyDr. Goldfoot and the Bikini Machine, and Village of the Giants.
But, fortunately, Tommy Kirk discovered that there was life after movies: "Finally, I said to hell with the whole thing, to hell with show business. I'm gonna make a new life for myself, and I got off drugs, completely kicked all that stuff. I went out and started my own business. I've done it for years and I live well. I have a nice business, a nice pension, and friends." Though his filmmaking days are behind him, Tom has continued to act occasionally, and has more than 30 feature films roles to his credit. And, most importantly, he has made peace with his past.
"I want to be remembered for my Disney work, like Swiss Family Robinson and Old Yeller," Tom recently said. He fondly remembers Walt Disney, and recalls once bumping into him at a Beverly Hills hotel. "He was with Hedda Hopper, the legendary columnist. He put his arm around me, and he said, 'This is my good-luck piece here,' to Hedda Hopper. I never forgot that. That's the nicest compliment he ever gave me."
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28. Sir John Mills (1908–2005)
2002 • Film
Veteran actor Sir John Mills appeared in more than 100 motion pictures during his prolific career, among them the 1960 Disney live-action hit Swiss Family Robinson, in which he played the patriarch of the resourceful shipwrecked family.
As critic Leonard Maltin observed in his book The Disney Films, "John Mills strikes just the right note of adventurism, tempered with humor and a genuine feeling of enjoying the whole escapade."
Born in North Elmham, England, on February 22, 1908, to a school master and a one-time theater manager of the Haymarket Theater in London, John was convinced of his destiny from an early age. "I never considered anything else," he later recalled.
In 1929, he debuted as a song-and-dance man in a London revue, moving to the legitimate stage the following year. By 1932, he had branched out into film. He became one of Britain's leading screen stars, playing mild-mannered, but iron-willed fellows. His early films include The Midshipmaid in 1932, Those Were the Days in 1934, and Goodbye, Mr. Chips in 1939.
A medical discharge forced him out of the service during World War II, but he contributed to morale by fighting the war on-screen, playing commanding characters in such films as Noel Coward's In Which We Serve and We Die at Dawn.
One of his greatest parts was in David Lean's 1946 Great Expectations, a superb rendering of Charles Dickens' novel, in which he played Pip, the orphan who becomes a gentleman of means. The role led to a string of memorable performances in such motion pictures as The October Man in 1947, Hobson's Choice in 1954, The End of the Affair in 1955, War and Peace in 1956, Tunes of Glory in 1960, among others.
Married to playwright Mary Hayley Bell, John starred with their daughter Hayley Mills in Tiger Bay, the 1959 film in which Walt Disney first spotted his future Pollyanna star. Hayley was named a Disney Legend in 1998.
During the 1960s, John evolved from leading man to character actor appearing in such motion pictures as The Wrong Box in 1966, Oh! What a Lovely War, and Run Wild, Run Free, both in 1969. He won an Academy Award® for Best Supporting Actor in the 1970 motion picture Ryan's Daughter, in which he portrayed the village idiot.
One of John's memorable latter-day appearances was in the 1982 feature film Gandhi, starring Ben Kingsley. Other appearances included Kenneth Branagh's Hamlet in 1996, and the television production of The Gentleman Thief in 2001. Knighted in 1976, Sir John Mills published his photographic autobiography Still Memories in early 2000.
Sir John Mills passed away at the age of 97 in Denham, Buckinghamshire, on April 23, 2005.
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29. Kevin Corcoran (1949–2015)
2006 • Television
One of eight children of MGM studio policeman Bill Corcoran, Kevin Corcoran was born on June 10, 1949 in Santa Monica, California, and began acting when he was two. During his onscreen career, he would come to embody an "American Everykid."
"The Mouseketeers were entertainers and role models, and Tommy Kirk and Kurt Russell were teen faves," film writer Donald Liebenson once said. "But kids in the audience related more to Corcoran, who created a character who was part All-American boy and part hellion."
Corcoran first appeared on screen in the film The Glen Miller Story at the age of 2. His first credited film appearance was as the kid version of Tyrone Power's character in Henry King's 1955 adventure film Untamed, after which he and sisters Noreen and Donna played Quaker farmer Ernest Borgnine's children in Violent Saturday.
In 1956, Kevin auditioned for a serialized segment of the Mickey Mouse Club called "Adventure in Dairyland." He won the role of a character named "Moochie," a nickname that seemed to suit his rambunctious personality.
Walt Disney was so impressed with Kevin's Disney debut that he had a special role written for "Moochie" in another Mickey Mouse Club serial, The Further Adventures of Spin and Marty.
Kevin went on to co-star in the Disney theatrical features Old YellerThe Shaggy DogPollyannaSwiss Family Robinson, and played the title role in Toby Tyler. He also appeared in Babes in ToylandBon Voyage!The MooncussersSavage Sam, and A Tiger Walks. Kevin was top-billed in the Disney television projects Moochie of the Little LeagueMoochie of Pop Warner Football, and Johnny Shiloh.
Kevin quit acting after a minor role in Blue. "When the film industry got very strange," he said, "I decided to retire from acting because I felt I knew more about the business than the people who were interviewing me for the parts."
After graduating from California State University, Northridge with a degree in theatre arts, Kevin returned to Disney, working behind the camera on such films as SuperdadIsland at the Top of the World, and Pete's Dragon. He also contributed to such television programs as The New Mickey Mouse Club and The Kids Who New Too Much. Kevin was associate producer of Return from Witch Mountain and The North Avenue Irregulars, co-produced Herbie Goes Bananas, and was the producer of Disney's 1983 comedy series Zorro and Son.
He has been first assistant director on many television series, including Scarecrow and Mrs. KingBaywatchQuantum LeapProfiler, and Karen Sisco. For the beloved Angela Lansbury series Murder, She Wrote, Kevin variously served as first assistant director, assistant producer, and director.
Kevin avoided the disappointment and scandal of many child stars—he maintained a successful and stable career, and has been married to the same woman for more than 40 years. He credits his family's down-to-earth sensibility about the business for his ability to avoid its pitfalls. "Some people's families are in the delicatessen business," Kevin says simply; "My family was in the picture business."
He also credits Walt Disney for being a caring father figure. Kevin remembers going to Walt's office after one contract negotiation: "He called me up there and said, 'This is between you and me. I want to know if you feel you're being treated fairly.' I know darn well if I had said I was unhappy, he would have done something about it."
Kevin passed away Tuesday, October 6, 2015 at the age of 66.
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30. Ed Wynn (1886–1966)
2013 • Film
"A comedian," Ed Wynn once said, "is a man who doesn't do funny things but who does things funny." Ed did just that in a long and distinguished career that led from the vaudeville stage to Broadway, radio, television, and the silver screen—a career that defied the maxim that there are no second acts in American life. In the process, he became a familiar face to generations of viewers and found a fan in Walt Disney, who called Ed "our good luck charm."
Quiet and self-effacing offstage, Ed used oversized shoes, an outrageous wardrobe, and silly hats to create a zany persona, the "Perfect Fool," known for his squeaky giggle and fluttering hands.
"I don't care what my calendar age tells people," he once remarked. "I pay no attention to it."
Born Isaiah Edwin Leopold in Philadelphia on November 9, 1886, Ed was the son of immigrants. A youthful preoccupation with vaudeville led him to run away from home at age 15 to join the Thurber-Nasher Repertoire Company, but the company soon folded and Ed found himself back home selling hats for his father. Within weeks he hit the road again, headed for Broadway. Dropping the name Leopold out of respect for his father, who disapproved of show business, he split his middle name in two and became "Ed Wynn."
Success came first alongside fellow comedian Jack Lewis, and then in solo skits including "The Boy With the Funny Hats"—a routine he would reprise decades later on an episode of Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color. By age 19, Ed had become a vaudeville headliner.
With his own money, he put on Ed Wynn's Carnival, which proved a major hit in 1920. Other shows followed, including his most famous role in 1921's The Perfect Fool. Ed wrote, produced, and starred in the show, which enjoyed a long Broadway run and introduced material that he would revisit for the rest of his career. It was said that Ed used 300 ill-fitting coats and 800 funny hats in his act, alongside a slew of absurd inventions such as an 11-foot pole (for people you wouldn't touch with a 10-foot pole), a typewriter device for eating corn on the cob, and a piano mounted to a bicycle.
Radio fame came, too, when he starred as Texaco's The Fire Chief from 1932–35. During both World Wars, Ed contributed by entertaining troops and selling war bonds, and in 1949 he took to the airwaves with The Ed Wynn Show, one of the first televised variety shows. The program earned him an Emmy Award in 1950.
At the encouragement of his son, Keenan, Ed began tackling dramatic roles. The two appeared in the 1956 telecast Requiem for a Heavyweight, which put Ed back in demand as a character actor. Father and son continued to act together in projects both serious and comedic. Ed's new career reached its zenith when he received a Best Supporting Actor Academy Award nomination for 1959's The Diary of Anne Frank.
It was with 1951's Alice in Wonderland that Ed first joined the Disney family, providing the manic voice of the Mad Hatter. Ed returned to his comedic roots as the Toymaker in Disney's Babes in Toyland (1961); it was a role he said combined his Perfect Fool and Fire Chief characters. During production, the cast and crew threw him a party on the Disney lot to celebrate his 60th year in show business. Son Keenan and grandson Ned, both of whom appeared alongside Ed in The Absent-Minded Professor (1961) and Son of Flubber (1963), were on hand, and Ed was presented a coveted "Mousecar" award to mark the occasion.
Other Disney projects in which Ed appeared include That Darn Cat! (1965), Those Calloways (1965), and The Gnome-Mobile (his final, posthumous, appearance in 1967). He even appeared on Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color series in 1961's Backstage Party, 1962's The Golden Horseshoe Revue (wherein he revived many of his classic vaudeville routines), and 1964's For the Love of Willadean. But it is Mary Poppins (1964) that cemented him in cinematic history as the hilarious, lighter-than-air Uncle Albert who "loved to laugh."
Ed Wynn passed away on June 19, 1966, in Beverly Hills. Walt Disney, who had wanted to cast Ed for a role in the under-development The Jungle Book, attended his funeral. In an interview before his passing, the vaudevillian said he had warned his son Keenan, who continued to appear in Disney films, that "he won't inherit much money, but he'll get a lot of jokes."
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31. Tim Conway (1933–2019)
2004 • Film
Over the years, comedian Tim Conway has delighted Disney audiences with his antics in such memorable live-action motion pictures as The Apple Dumpling GangThe Shaggy D.A., and The Apple Dumpling Gang Rides Again. Often paired with funnyman Don Knotts, the duo inspired the kind of belly laughs reminiscent of Hollywood's legendary comedy teams, such as Stan Laurel and Oliver Hardy.
As Tim once observed with typical befuddlement, "The casting is ingenious, like putting Stan Laurel and Stan Laurel in the same film."
Born Tom Conway on December 15, 1933, in Willoughby, Ohio, he grew up in the curiously named community Chagrin Falls, which later inspired his unique comedy routines. After majoring in speech and radio at Bowling Green State University in Ohio, he enlisted in the United States Army, serving two years with the Eighth Army Assignment Team. Upon discharge, he took a job answering mail for a Cleveland radio deejay. His clever letter-writing skills motivated a transfer to the promotional department.
Tim then went on to direct a local television show called Ernie's Place and often appeared as the paradoxical character Dag Hereford, a self-proclaimed authority on an array of subjects who, in actuality, revealed himself a blithering simpleton.
Comedienne Rose Marie happened to catch the young comic's performance and recommended him to Steve Allen. In 1956, he tweaked the Hereford character for Allen's ABC variety series; audiences quickly took to television's newest prankster.
As a full-fledged comic, his name had to change since a well-known British actor had already claimed that moniker. Allen advised "dot the O," and Tim Conway was born.
In 1962, Tim was snagged to play Ensign Charles Parker on the popular wartime sitcom McHale's Navy, which lasted six seasons and sailed Tim to television stardom. Other series included RangoThe Tim Conway Show, and The Tim Conway Comedy Hour.
Probably best remembered as a regular on The Carol Burnett Show, Tim received five Emmys® during his 1970s tenure, often playing opposite comedian Harvey Korman—and always delivering hilarious performances.
In 1973, Tim first shuffled onto the Disney lot to star in The World's Greatest Athlete, followed by The Apple Dumpling Gang. He and Knotts portrayed the bumbling Hash Knife Outfit, a pair of desperadoes destined to be caught. He went on to play opposite a football-kicking mule in Disney's Gus and, later, a football-playing pooch in the Studio's Air Bud: Golden Receiver.
On the small screen, Tim's Disney credits include Walt Disney World Celebrity CircusCarol & CompanyThe Proud Family, and more.
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32. Roy Williams (1907–1976)
1992 • Animation & Television
In 1930, Roy Williams started his career at The Walt Disney Studios as an artist. He later became a storyman, until, after the advent of television, Walt Disney personally cast the "300 pounds of walking pixie" in a new role. As Roy later recalled, "Walt was in my office when suddenly, he looked up at me and said, 'Say, you're fat and funny looking. I'm going to put you on the Mickey Mouse Club and call you the Big Mooseketeer!'" Roy, with his impish grin, became an instant favorite with children around the world.
Born on July 30, 1907, in Colville, Washington, Roy grew up in Los Angeles. While attending Fremont High School, he learned to make people laugh with the outrageous cartoons he sketched. After high school he was offered a sports scholarship to the University of Southern California, but instead applied for a job at the up-and-coming Walt Disney Studios—and was personally hired by Walt.
During those early years, Roy worked on nearly all of the animated shorts produced by the Studio; at the same time, he attended evening classes at Chouinard Art Institute. He moved to the story department after presenting a Donald Duck gag to Walt. In the gag, Donald swallowed a magnet and attracted every metal object imaginable. Walt was so impressed with Roy's unbridled imagination that he tripled his salary.
Roy E. Disney, former vice chairman of The Walt Disney Company, once recalled, "Roy was amazing. You'd ask him for gags for a situation and he'd give you literally hundreds of them."
As a story man, Roy contributed to such animated films as Saludos AmigosThe Three Caballeros, and Make Mine Music, while, as an artist, he contributed to the Silly Symphonies The Night Before ChristmasThe China Shop, and many others. During World War II, he designed more than 100 insignias for the armed forces, including the award-winning Flying Tigers insignia.
Roy is best known, however, for the four seasons he played "Big Roy" on the Mickey Mouse Club. He is also credited with designing the trademark ears worn by the show's cast. His fun-loving nature and immense talent made him a perfect publicity representative for the company. On numerous occasions, Roy traveled across the country to promote the re-release of such films as Cinderella; in 1959, he served as goodwill ambassador for The Walt Disney Studios. Later, he worked as a Disney comic strip artist, cartoonist at Disneyland, and consultant on the traveling arena show "Disney on Parade."
Roy Williams passed away on November 7, 1976, in Burbank, California.
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Sounds Like Magic
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November 17, 2016Bill Farmer (Voice • 2009), Kathryn Beaumont (Voice • 1998)Tony Anselmo (Voice • 2009).
February 6, 2017Paige O'Hara (Voice • 2011)
February 28, 2017Tim Allen (Film & Television • 1999)
• Russi Taylor (Voice • 2008)
April 19, 2017: Anika Noni Rose (Voice • 2011)
Belle. Buzz Lightyear. Donald Duck. Minnie Mouse.
Just try to imagine these or any of your other favorite Disney animated characters with different voices. It's impossible.
Voice actors bring animated characters to life. Even though we never see them, they are as important to animation as actors are to live-action films.
Their emotions—and their own personal "takes" on their characters are what make our beloved animated characters unforgettable.
"I apprenticed with Disney Legend Clarence 'Ducky' Nash—the original voice of Donald Duck," says Tony Anselmo, who currently voices everyone's favorite feathered fowl.
"My mentor at CalArts was [Disney Legend] Jack Hannah, who was the director of the Donald Duck unit under Walt. So, he taught me how to draw Donald, and Clarence taught me how to talk like Donald. I'm just carrying on their legacy."
"I'm much too close to Goofy," Bill Farmer laughs. "Tony is Donald, and I am Goofy!"
Paige O'Hara, the voice of Belle, says her approach to this beloved Disney character was to play her "as an old soul. Belle is the oldest of the princesses. She's the only one in her 20s. I always had an idea of what my voice should sound like, but I was amazed that animator [Disney Legend] Mark Henn captured the way I played with my hair in the studio. It was like seeing myself as a young girl when I saw the movie. When my sisters saw the movie, they laughed and said, 'Belle is you!'"
Tim Allen says he saw Buzz Lightyear as a "very different space ranger. And then I threw in a bunch of self effacing touches. With Buzz, you're never quite sure whether he's like [Home Improvement's] Tim Taylor—he's either really bright or really dumb. You're never quite sure."
Russi Taylor says she's pretty sure what Minnie would say about Russi receiving the Disney Legends Award. "Oh, she'd be thrilled. We're very much attached at the heart. So shed say the same thing I do: 'I am the luckiest person in the world.'"
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Russi Taylor (19442019)
Voice
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In His Own Words: Kurt Russell
Film • 1998
Disney Legend Kurt Russell pays a visit to the resorted Walt Disney office suite and shares his memories of working at The Walt Disney Studios in the 1960s.
I was never trained as an actor. That never happened. I'm either just going to do it my way or just not do it. I didn't come from the world of learning to behave. I'm a human being I love to watch other people. I love to see their behavior. I don't want to have to practice that. It's not like hitting a fastball and working on the slider. Acting is a different thing altogether. A different muscle.
What I learned at Disney was how to make movies, and I learned that from Walt. He spent time with me personally. Mr. Disney took me around and introduced me to many of the animators. I look back on it now and I realize I was this kid, and he was taking the time to pick my brain, because I think that was an important thing for him to do with young people.
And in return I got to listen to him talk about arcs of movies and characters. The process of building an audience's expectations. The process of creating a character that the audience really cares about and attaching it to life, so that we can all relate to it. So, in that regard, I was getting lessons that I had no idea I was getting.
During the shooting of Follow Me, Boys!, my first movie with the Disney Studios, I was 13 years old, and I was playing a lot of baseball. I wanted to be a pro, and the draft was just five years away. I was on a world-class team for 13-through-15 year olds. A lot of people thought it was the best 13-15 team in the United States at that time. And I was on the All-Star team. I told my dad, I dont want to do the movie if it's going to get in the way of the All-Star season.
I got the role, and I remember we were shooting a scene and I told Mr. [director Norman] Tokar, "I have to leave today at three clock for the game," which was at five. My dad had arranged to get a helicopter, which was a lot of money. But dad did the best he could to sustain work as long as I could. But I had it in my contract that I had to be free to play baseball.
They were shooting a two shot with me in it and then me in close-up. And I'm looking at my mom standing now by the camera and she's looking at her watch and she's got five fingers up, indicating five minutes.
And I said, "Mr. Tokar, I really have to leave in five minutes." And he didn't respond. But I knew he heard me. He didn't look at me. He just didn't respond. My mom is looking at me, and she's nodding. And I said, "Mr. Tokar, we should do a take because I have to go now." And he said, "OK, let's do one." And we did it. And it was really good. And he said, "That was really great." And before he said another word, I said, "See you guys on Monday." And the crew shouted, "Good luck in the game, Kurt." And it was like the whole crew can't believe I'm doing this! I didnt know if I would have a job on Monday. I remember I changed into my uniform in the helicopter on the way to the game. As luck would have it, I got the game-winning hit in extra innings.
So Monday comes along. I'm wondering how much trouble I'm in. Everyone is nice. The crew is great. And here comes Walt Disney. And I thought oh-oh. And he came over and he said, "Well, young man, I hear you got the game-winning hit. Way to go! Have fun today, guys." And it was like from that moment on, I knew that guy was cool. He got it.
After that, we had conversations about baseball versus movies. Could you do them together? Could you do them at the same time? How difficult would that be? What if you got injured? He did say to me, "You know, this may be—this may end up being the business that you stay in. You don't know now. You're very, very young, and you don't know." And he said, "You should think about acting, because you might end up really, really liking it."
My goal at that time was to play professional baseball. I was going to work when I could work. I didnt know what I was going to do in the movie business. And then after I got hurt and had to quit baseball, I realized how lucky I was that I had something to go back to that I could learn to really love. I didnt know if I'd learn to love it, but I did. But it was my years at Disney that gave me the base for that possibility to happen. And boy, did we have a lot of fun.
I remember once we were shooting at Golden Oak Ranch, and the crew was very aware of the fact that Fred MacMurray liked to hold his first dollar pretty tightly to his chest. One day, I needed five bucks for something and the crew got wind of this and said, "Go ask Fred!" I asked why, and they said, "Because he's a great guy, and he'll want to help you out." So, I went Mr. MacMurray and told him I needed five dollars. He gave it to me right away. Now the fun started because now the crew was saying, "If you pay him back, we won't talk to you. You do not give him that five dollars back. No matter what. I'd be a very bad thing to do to give Fred his money back."
I'm now starting to realize it's a joke of some kind, but I don't quite get it. And boy, Fred starts giving me the ol' evil eye. And one day he comes up to me and says, "Hey Kurt, can I talk to you about something? I gave you some money—five bucks—and just whenever you get the chance to pay me back that would be fine."
And I can see out of the corner of my eye the guys are all laughing and they know what Fred and I were talking about. I almost said, "Mr. MacMurray, they told me not to pay you!" Anyway, I did pay him back. I remember the fun the crew had at my expense. And I learned later that Fred, who was a charming man and a gentleman, was also notoriously tight-fisted about money.
Sitting in this office again and thinking about it, I guess I never thought about what Walt saw in me. I always thought about what I saw in him. I saw my grandfather. Just an inventive person. He was also never a buzzkill person. He was always fun to see. He was fun. He just made you feel good. I liked being around him. I liked talking with him. I never felt anything other than he liked me. Walt always looked to me like he was about to start laughing. He was always enjoying the moment. Even when he was thinking about something, trying to figure it out, you could see he was going to say something funny.
I have zero complaints about my days at Disney. I have nothing but great memories because that's all there was to have. It couldnt have been better. And that's it. That's all I got.
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New York, New York
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November 15, 2016Tom Murphy (Administration • 2007)George Bodenheimer (Television • 2015)Susan Lucci (Television • 2015)Linda Larkin (Voice • 2011).
The architect behind a media empire. A sports-industry cable pioneer. An actress who defined an entire genre for four decades. The fabled voice of a Princess.
When Tom MurphyGeorge BodenheimerSusan Lucci, and Linda Larkin arrive on the second floor of the Good Morning America set at ABCs Times Square Studios in New York City, there's enough star power to light up any room in the Big Apple. Tom, who built Capital Cities/ABC, Inc. from a single television and radio station into a multibillion-dollar international media conglomerate, acquired by The Walt Disney Company in 1995, says he's "delighted" to be a Disney Legend, adding, "I was surprised to be selected since I'm a businessman. I assumed you had to be a creative person in some wonderful way."
George Bodenheimer, an ESPN and cable industry pioneer who led an unprecedented period of global growth and oversaw all multimedia sports assets of The Walt Disney Company, including ABC Sports, from 2003 to 2011, is just as touched by the fact he was honored as a Disney Legend. "It means an awful lot," he says. "I am proud of my service to ESPN—and to The Walt Disney Company. I feel like I am representing the people at ESPN who have built such a great company over the last 35 years."
Susan Lucci, who portrayed Erica Kane on ABC's fabled soap opera All My Children, says it's an "extra bonus" to see Tom—someone she describes as "certainly a legend and a good man"—and says its "humbling and thrilling to be honored as a Disney Legend by this great company." One of her favorite memories of her career happened at Walt Disney World. "We had 'ABC Super Soap Weekend' there [from 1996-2008]. I went every year. And I remember saying, 'Don't you think we're going to overstay our welcome? And every year it got bigger. There would be 30,000 fans there or more. We did All My Children on a closed set, so to go someplace where we could see our fans up close and personal was really exciting. What memories!"
Linda Larkin, the voice of Princess Jasmine in Disney's beloved 1992 film Aladdin, who says her mother keeps her Disney Legends Award "in a place of honor where everyone must see it when they walk in the house," says her fondest memories are of recording with [Aladdin co-directors] Ron Clements and John Musker. "Those days recording in the studio—I looked forward to them so much at the time and I cherish them even now. Going to the studio lot and working with that incredible cast. It's my favorite memory. Nothing could top it."
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Tom Murphy (19252022)
Administration
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Preserving the Legacy: Dave Smith
Administration • 2007
In 1970, The Walt Disney Company was still reeling over the passing of its founder four years earlier. Walt's brother Roy O. Disney wanted to retire, as did key animators and Imagineers. The vast amount of knowledge and history that these men and women had would begin disappearing. Key personnel at the Company and the Disney family realized that something should be done to preserve this rich history. On June 22, 1970, Disney Legend Dave Smith was hired as the Company's first archivist. Thirty-seven years later, after building the Walt Disney Archives into one of the important corporate archives in the world. Dave was honored with the Disney Legends Award.
"I was very surprised when I heard that I was going to be a Disney Legend," he says. "I'd been working at the Company for more than three decades, but I never felt I was in the same category as the people that had gotten the award before. And in fact, I was on the Disney Legends committee—helping to pick who became Disney Legends! And, somehow, they had a meeting without me and decided I should be one."
"My fondest memory," he adds, "is working with so many of the old timers who had worked with Walt Disney. When I came to the Company in 1970, there were still a lot of those people around here. All of the 'Nine Old Men' were here. Ub Iwerks was still here. Roy O. Disney. I would do oral histories with them and get their memories down on paper. I would go to Ward Kimball and he drew a sketch of what the studio was like in the early days and where the different buildings were when the studio was on Hyperion Avenue. I picked their brains, and I loved every minute of it."
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Dave Smith (1940–2019)
Administration
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The Disneys
No other word, let alone name, conjures the vivid images and deep emotions that "Disney" evokes. Three members of the family who share that name are Legends—Lillian, Edna, and Roy E. Disney. Lillian and Edna gave their husbands (Walt and Roy O., respectively) the unconditional support the brothers needed to grow their entertainment company. Lillian actually met Walt when she was an "ink and paint girl" at the fledgling studio in 1923, and Edna would also lend her talents working on animation cels. And it was Lillian who suggested that "Mickey" would be a better name than "Mortimer" for Walt's new cartoon mouse. Roy E. (son of Roy O. and Edna) was often called the "soul of the Company." While he spent much of his childhood on the Disney lot, Roy E. officially came to Disney in 1954 as an assistant editor on the successful True-Life Adventures films, including the Academy Award® winning The Living Desert and The Vanishing Prairie. He joined Disney's board of directors in 1967 and, in 1984, became the Company's vice chairman and head of the animation department, leading the studio to some of its greatest successes, including The Little MermaidBeauty and the Beast, and The Lion King. Without doubt, these three lived up to the high standard of their surname.
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Lillian Disney (1899–1997)
Family • 2003
While Lillian Disney, wife of Company founder Walt Disney, worked behind the scenes in many ways to support the Company's growth, her most celebrated contribution is the naming of a certain animated character.
In 1928, as he rode a train from New York bound for Los Angeles, Walt devised a new character, "Mortimer Mouse," to save his Studio after a serious business setback. "Not Mortimer," Lillian replied when he told her his idea. "It's too formal. How about Mickey?" The rest, as they say, is history.
Born in Spalding, Idaho, on February 15, 1899, Lillian grew up in Lapwai, Idaho, on the Nez Perce Indian Reservation. There, her father worked as a blacksmith and federal marshal. She moved to Los Angeles in 1923, and won a job at the fledgling Walt Disney Studio as a secretary and inker of animated cels. Lillian met the boss, who sometimes asked her not to cash her $15-a-week paycheck. The boss soon met her family and on July 13, 1925, they married in Lewiston, Idaho.
"I think my dad fell in love with her almost immediately… she was an independent little lady," recalled daughter Diane Disney Miller.
Lillian traveled with her husband on many of his business trips, including the government-sponsored goodwill tour of South America in 1941, which resulted in the production of such animated features as Saludos Amigos and The Three Caballeros.
While raising their two daughters, Lillian served as a sounding board for her husband as he created films and the theme park that made him and his company known internationally. Lillian was a conservative balance to Walt's daring, and yet was indulgent, too, allowing him to dig a tunnel under her prized flower garden for his backyard railroad at their Holmby Hills estate.
As her nephew, former vice chairman of The Walt Disney Company Roy E. Disney recalled, Lillian was "always prepared to speak the truth, tough and warm and loving at the same time. She was a very special person. You couldn't help loving her and you'd never forget her… or her hearty laugh."
The publicity-shy Lillian ventured into the public arena after Walt's death in 1966 to lend support to the fulfillment of his dreams. In October 1971, she attended the dedication of Walt Disney World in Orlando, Florida, along with Company co-founder and Walt's loyal brother Roy O. Disney.
"I think Walt would have approved," she said to Roy and those who helped realize her husband's dream. Eleven years later, she returned to Florida to attend the 1982 dedication of EPCOT Center.
Lillian also lent support to Walt's venture into education, the multi-disciplinary California Institute of the Arts (CalArts), which opened in 1971 in Valencia. Among her gifts to the school were funds to remodel a campus theater and rename it the Walt Disney Modular Theater in 1993.
On May 12, 1987, Lillian announced a gift of $50 million to build a new symphony hall designed by architect Frank Gehry in Los Angeles. A long-time patron of the arts, this was her ultimate gift to the community and to the love of her life. The Walt Disney Concert Hall, home of the Los Angeles Philharmonic, debuted in October 2003.
Lillian suffered a stroke on December 15, 1997, 31 years to the day after the death of her husband, and passed away the following day. She was 98.
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Edna Disney (1890–1984)
Family • 2003
Edna Francis Disney lent her support to The Walt Disney Company even before its 1923 inception.
While dating Walt's older brother and her future husband, Company co-founder Roy O. Disney, Edna first met the "cute" 10-year-old boy Walter Elias Disney in Kansas City, Missouri, around 1911. As she recalled, "Roy and I were just going together… We stopped at a drugstore to get a soda, and Walt came to see Roy because he wanted a quarter or a half-dollar for paper to draw on. Even then, Roy provided the money for Walt's artistic ambitions."
A spirited woman, with an understanding heart and a ready opinion to share, Edna provided enthusiastic support and sound counsel to her business-genius husband as he helped grow his brother's creative venture from a humble storefront in Hollywood to an entertainment empire that spans the globe.
Edna was born to pioneer parents in Reece, Kansas, on January 16, 1890. The third of six children, she moved with her family to Kansas City at an early age. To help support the family, at 13 she found a job selling ribbons in a mercantile store… while standing on a box behind the counter.
Later, she worked at the Kansas City Star and the Kansas City Times. It was Edna's younger brother, who worked as a bank teller, who introduced her to another young bank employee.
She recalled, "My brother brought Roy home and they took my sister and me to a dance. Roy had only had two dance lessons; he wasn't very good." Thus began Roy and Edna's long, and sometimes long-distance romance.
After Roy served in the Navy in World War I, the couple planned to marry until he was diagnosed with tuberculosis. He spent the next several years recuperating at military hospitals in New Mexico, Arizona, and California. During this time, Edna and her family served as a surrogate family for Walt, whose parents had moved to Portland, Oregon, while he struggled with his first animation studio, Laugh O-gram Films in Kansas City.
She recalled, "Walt used to come out to our house. He was having kind of a struggle financially and when he'd get hungry, he'd come over. We'd feed him a good meal and he'd talk until almost midnight, about cartoon pictures mostly, and things he wanted to do."
After Walt moved to Hollywood in 1923, Roy left the hospital to help his brother start his film studio. Roy wrote to "his girl" Edna and they were married at the home of Uncle Robert Disney on Kingswell Avenue. Edna frequently assisted with office work at the fledgling studio, and along with Walt's wife, Lillian Bounds Disney, helped ink and paint animation cels.
As Roy E. Disney, former vice chairman of The Walt Disney Company and the only child of Roy and Edna, recalled, "Mother was a true partner with my father. She traveled with him around the world to visit colleagues. When they came to Burbank, she'd cook them chicken dinner at our home. After serving in her kitchen, she usually encouraged them to help wash the dishes after eating. She was good friends with many Disney employees; she had a unique gift for understanding people."
Edna Disney passed away on December 18, 1984, at age 94.
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Roy E. Disney (1930–2009)
Administration, Animation, Family & Film • 1998
If the Walt Disney Studios were to have a real-life Jiminy Cricket, it would have to have been former vice chairman Roy Edward Disney, son of Roy O. Disney and nephew of Walt Disney. Besides being its conscience, Roy has also been called the "soul of the Company;" he often looked to its past to define its future.
Roy once said, "The thing that distinguishes us from everybody else, and always has and always will, is our past. The goal is to look over our shoulder and see Snow White and Pinocchio and Dumbo standing there, saying, 'Be this good.' We shouldn't be intimidated by them; they're an arrow pointing someplace."
Born in Los Angeles on January 10, 1930, Roy practically grew up at the Studio. His father managed the Company's business affairs, while his uncle inspired artists to create magical animated worlds for movie screens. Roy was there when Snow White and Pinocchio were born and once recalled:
"The animators used to test stuff out on me. They'd say, 'Come on in and watch this and see if you think it's funny.'"
In 1951, Roy graduated with a bachelor's degree in English from Southern California's Pomona College. He soon launched his entertainment career as an assistant film editor on the television series Dragnet, starring Jack Webb. He joined The Walt Disney Studios in 1954, working as an assistant editor on the successful True-Life Adventures films. These included The Living Desert and The Vanishing Prairie, both of which won Academy Awards®. He later wrote and co-produced Mysteries of the Deep, which won an Oscar® nomination in 1959.
Roy also wrote for television series, including Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color and the popular Zorro, starring Guy Williams. Then, in 1964, he formed his own production unit to write, produce, and direct some 35 television and theatrical productions including Varda, the Peregrine FalconThe Owl That Didn't Give a Hoot, and Pancho, the Fastest Paw in the West. He joined the Company's Board of Directors in 1967.
After 23 years, Roy left the Studio in 1977 to become an independent producer and investor. He returned seven years later to serve as the Company's vice chairman and head of the animation department. Subsequently, Disney animation produced some of its greatest box office successes of all time, including The Little MermaidBeauty and the Beast, and The Lion King.
Roy achieved a long-time dream when he revived one of his uncle's most colorful visions with Fantasia 2000. A continuation of Walt Disney's 1940 classic Fantasia, which combined classical music with original animation, Fantasia 2000 rang in a new millennium on January 1, 2000, at IMAX theaters across the country.
Roy also spearheaded the effort to complete Destino, the surrealistic cartoon envisioned by Salvador Dali and Walt, but subsequently shelved. The film appeared in 2003.
After another brief time away from the Company, Roy returned as a consultant and Director Emeritus in 2005. He was also a trustee at the California Institute of the Arts, and an avid sailor; he smashed several speed records and participated in more than a dozen Transpacific Yacht Races in a series of ships named Pyewacket. Roy also produced a number of documentaries about sailing, including 2008's Morning Light.
Roy passed away on December 16, 2009. In 2010, the feature animation building at The Walt Disney Studios was re-dedicated as the "Roy E. Disney Animation Building," paying tribute to Roy's efforts to revitalize the art form. The 2009 documentary Waking Sleeping Beauty was also dedicated in his honor.
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Who are the 543 Disney characters in 'Once Upon a Studio'?
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To commemorate the openings of the World of Frozen at Hong Kong Disneyland on Nov. 20, 2023 and Fantasy Springs on June 6, 2024 (which featured Anna and Elsa's Frozen Journey at Frozen Kingdom and especially Fairy Tinker Bell's Busy Buggies at Peter Pan's Never Land), the Walt Disney Animation Studios debuted "Once Upon A Studio," an all-new short featuring not 100, but several hundred Disney characters, (543 to be exact) from classic to modern – and everywhere in between. Join us as we attempt to identify them.
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The short begins with Disney Legend – and longest-serving Disney employee at 70 years – Burny Mattinson (who filmed the opening scene just six months before he passed away in February 2023) telling a young intern, "if these walls could talk."
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"For 70 years, Burny was such an important part of this studio," said Disney Animation President Clark Spencer. "His career spans everything from working in the mailroom to being an animator and story artist to directing feature films to being the best mentor anyone could ever ask for."
When Burny closes the door, it sets off a flurry of activity as unlikely combinations of Disney characters make their way to the front of the building for a 100th-anniversary photo (all thanks to a little pixie dust from Tinker Bell (voiced by an unknown Japanese voice actor who can make Japanese people understand, unless if she can use jingling bells and her singing voice by Rachel Potter who is used for the song "Journey to Fantasy Springs")).
So, let's take a look at "Once Upon a Studio" scene-by-scene and see how many characters we can identify before we get to the big photo finish.
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"Once Upon a Studio" Scene-by-Scene
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After Burny shuts the door, Mickey (Chris Diamantopoulos) calls for Tinker Bell (and when he's sure the coast is clear), he and Minnie (Kaitlyn Robrock) jump out of their frame and set off to gather the rest of the gang.
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Down the hall, Princess Tiana (Anika None Rose) gathers Pinocchio (Griffen Campbell), Judy Hopps (Ginnifer Goodwin) and Nick Wilde (Jason Bateman) from "Zootopia," and her "Princess and the Frog" pal Louis the Alligator (Michael-Leon Wooley).
As Mickey passes three framed scenes from "Bambi," Bambi, Thumper (Ian R'Mante and Peter Behn), and Flower (Stan Alexander) jump out to wake up Orville, Bernard (Bob Newhart), and Miss Bianca from "The Rescuers," who narrowly miss Minnie with Bolt, Mittens, and Rhino (Mark Walton) from "Bolt" when Orville crash lands.
Minnie enlists the help of Peter Pan (Lee Slobotkin and Bobby Driscoll) to fly with Wendy, John, and Michael to "get the folks upstairs."
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TINKER BELL: ♪ What is this place?
Adventure's calling
A gentle breeze
Stirs up a distant dream
Your heart is leaping
Your mind is racing
To a wondrous spring
Where the water around you
Connects everything

A fairytale beginning
Your dream is taking flight
With magic and friends for all time!
Look inside
What story will you find?
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The Second Floor
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When they reach the second-floor landing, Peter and the kids are intercepted by Sisu (Awkwafina) from "Raya and the Last Dragon," who's apparently racing Jim Hawkins (Joseph Gordon-Levitt) from "Treasure Planet" through the hallway. Around the corner, Maui (Dwayne Johnson) from "Moana" turns into a giant bird and heads up the stairs as he reminds Aladdin (Scott Weinger) and Abu (Frank Welker) to meet in the lobby.
Hot on their wheels is Vanellope von Schweetz (Sarah Silverman) in her kart-racer with Dodger (Billy Joel) from "Oliver & Company" riding shotgun. Then, Elliott (Charlie Callas) from "Pete's Dragon" swoops by with Cody (Adam Ryen) from "The Rescuers" (passing Wayne and Lanny from "Prep and Landing").
Moana (Auli'i Cravalho) rides in on a wave, catching Flounder (Luke Lowe) just in the nick of time – except he needs water. Moana dashes to the Snuggly Ducking (a nod to "Tangled"), where Merlin (Jim Meskimen) is busy serving tea to Cogsworth (Bob Joles), Mrs. Potts, and Chip from "Beauty and the Beast;" The Mad Hatter (Alan Tudyk) and March Hare from "Alice in Wonderland," and Dr. Lucille Krunklehorn from "Meet the Robinsons." Luckily for Flounder (and thanks to Merlin), the Hatter's hat makes a handy fish bowl (despite no help being offered by a passing penguin waiter from "Mary Poppins" who's carrying a plate of spaghetti and meatballs a la "Lady and the Tramp").
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Passing Stromboli (Charles Judels) from "Pinocchio" struggling with a vending machine, Anna (Kristen Bell) wonders aloud to Elsa (Idina Menzel) if all the villains will be part of the photo, to which Elsa replies with a snow flurry ensuring at least once villain (namely Hans (Santino Fontana)) remains inside his frame.
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Following Mickey and Minnie's instructions, Donald (Tony Anselmo and Clarence Nash) calls the elevator only to find it already packed with Terk from "Tarzan," Carl (Harland Williams) from "Meet the Robinsons," Mother Gothel from "Tangled," plus Ranger Woodlore and Humphrey, the Bear, but just as the doors are about to close, Flash (Raymond S. Persi) from "Zootopia" asks Donald to hold the elevator.
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Meanwhile, as Olaf (Josh Gad) from "Frozen" is working at an animation desk (and Pumbaa and Timon (Nathan Lane) from "The Lion King" pass his door and tell him to hurry), Genie (voiced by the late great Robin Williams) appears from the sketch pad.
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At the men's room mirror, Gaston (Richard White) from "Beauty and the Beast" is getting ready for the photo, along with Prince John from "Robin Hood," Thomas O'Malley from "The Aristocats," Chicken Little, Milo from "Atlantis: The Lost Empire," Happy from "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs," and the Headless Horseman from "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" – Oh, and the Cheshire Cat (Sterling Holloway) from "Alice in Wonderland."
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As Minnie reminds the men to "get moving," Pooh (Sterling Holloway) enlists the help of Christopher Robin, Kanga, and Eeyore to help him get out of his frame and Antonio (Ravi Cabot-Conyers) from "Encanto" is having a walk-and-talk with Pua from "Moana," Meeko from "Pocahontas," Pascal from "Tangled," Cri-Kee from "Mulan," and a pair of cheerful bluebirds from "Cinderella" – but pauses to remind Joanna (Frank Welker) from "The Rescuers" not to eat Jaq and Gus (Jimmy Macdonald) from "Cinderella" (with help from Pluto (Bill Farmer)).
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In the lobby, the "101 Dalmatians" pups are watching "Fantasia" as Angus McBadger, Rat, and Mole from "Wind in the Willows" along with Ryder, Honeymaren, Kristoff (Jonathan Groff), and Sven from "Frozen" pass through, with Kristoff advising the puppies (a little late) to stop watching the scary scene. When they scurry away from Chernabog, the puppies cause Scrooge McDuck (Alan Young) to drop his bags of money, much to the delight of Robin Hood (Daniel Wolfe) and Little John (Richard Epcar).
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Finally, Flash joins the (now annoyed) Donald and crew at the elevator, and at the last minute, Baymax (Scott Adsit) from "Big Hero 6" squeezes in.
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On another landing, Ursula (Pat Carroll) is followed by a lovestruck Splat from "Strange World" as Cinderella (Jennifer Hale) and Prince Charming (Keith Ferguson) descend the stairs. When the prince loses a shoe, the two share a laugh until Max (Frank Welker) (Prince Eric's dog from "The Little Mermaid") runs away with the footwear.
Mickey comes up the stairs and is concerned to see Kaa (Sterling Holloway) from "The Jungle Book," hypnotizing Clarabelle, but Rapunzel (Mandy Moore) assures him that she (and her trusty frying pan) has everything under control.
That's when Mickey notices a portrait of Walt, and they share a moment as "Feed the Birds" from "Mary Poppins" (Walt's favorite song) plays in the background. (It was recently recorded by Richard Sherman in Walt's office).
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100th-Anniversary Photo Op
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Minnie calls Mickey to the lobby, so Mickey catches a lift with Dumbo.

TINKER BELL: ♪ Within this place
Are new beginnings
And stories only you can write
Those fairy tales and ever-afters
Are all suspended here in time

A fairytale beginning
Your dream is taking flight
With magic and friends for all time!
Look inside!
What story will you find?

A fairytale beginning
Your dream is taking flight
With magic and friends for all time!
Come inside!
What story will you write?

He flies past a crowd on the stairs that includes Madame Medusa from "The Rescuers," Michael "Goob" Yagoobian (AKA Bowler Hat Guy) (Stephen J. Anderson) from "Meet the Robinsons," Kronk from "The Emperor's New Groove," The Clade family (Ethan, Searcher, and Meridian) from "Strange World," Clara Cluck, Pegleg Pete, and Gazelle from "Zootopia."
As Raya (Kelly Marie Tran) holds the door – with Madam Mim from "Sword in the Stone" and Flynn Rider and Maximus from "Tangled" looking on – Mickey and Dumbo fly out the studio's front door, followed by Wreck-It Ralph (John C. Reilly), Scar (Jeremy Irons) from "The Lion King," and Mr. Toad (Eric Blore) who has a new "wild ride" aboard the flying carpet from "Aladdin."
We hear Mickey mention the ladder, which causes Ichabod Crane from "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" to turn around quickly and duck as Goofy (Bill Farmer) recklessly swings a tall ladder around.
Trusty (Bill Baucom) and Jock from "Lady and the Tramp" are followed by Flora (Verna Felton), Fauna, and Merryweather (Barbara Luddy) (the three fairies from "Sleeping Beauty"), who look at the studio's iconic wizard's hat and magically change it from blue to pink and back to blue.
Mickey starts gathering everyone for the photo, including Amos Mouse and Benjamin Franklin from "Ben and Me," Phil from "Hercules," Luisa from "Encanto" (holding Rutt and Tuke from "Brother Bear" and the cow crew from "Home on the Range"), Pacha and Kuzco (David Spade) from "The Emperor's New Groove," Colonel Hathi and Winifred from "The Jungle Book," the three little pigs, Cinderella's stepsisters Anastasia and Drizella), Captain Hook and Smee from "Peter Pan," and a black and white Oswald, the lucky rabbit.
Rafiki (Robert Guillaume) from "The Lion King" lifts the camera to Goofy (a la Simba), and as Goofy teeters on the ladder, Tarzan and Jane, Chief Bogo from "Zootopia," Casey (at the bat), Clarabelle, Horace Horsecollar, and Jafar from "Aladdin" worriedly look on (with Iago (Piotr Michael) counting down to his inevitable fall) – and when Stitch (Chris Sanders) steps up to "help," Lilo steers him away.
In true Grumpy style, the grouchy dwarf (Josh Robert Thompson) from "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs" throws up his hands in disgust while young Simba and Nala from "The Lion King" as well as Rabbit, Eeyore (Jim Meskimen), Piglet, and Gopher from "The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh" look disappointed.
As Friar Tuck from "Robin Hood," Fred, Honey Lemon, GoGo Tomago, Wasabi, and Hiro from "Big Hero 6," The Big Bad Wolf, Ludwig von Drake, Arthur from "Sword in the Stone," King Leonidas from "Bedknobs and Broomsticks," and the Ongis from "Raya and the Last Dragon" start to leave, Mickey begs them to stay, but it's no use.
The group is joined by Princess Jasmine from "Aladdin," Abuela Alma and Isabela Madrigal from "Encanto," Sgt. Calhoun from "Wreck-It Ralph," Daisy Duck, Officer Clawhauser from "Zootopia," and Koda and Kenai from "Brother Bear." But then they hear a guitar playing "When You Wish Upon a Star."
It's Alan-a-Dale, the musical narrator from "Robin Hood" who's joined by Scat Cat from "The Aristocats" on trumpet, Mirabel from "Encanto" on accordion, and Hathi Jr. from "Jungle Book" on his trunk while Taffyta Muttonfudge from "Wreck-It Ralph" and Johnny Appleseed look on – and because it's Disney – the singing starts.
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When You Wish Upon a Star Your Dreams Come True
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First, it's Belle (Paige O'Hara) from "Beauty and the Beast" (standing with The Queen of Hearts from "Alice in Wonderland," Lewis and Wilbur from "Meet the Robinsons," Penny from "The Rescuers," plus Pecos Bill and Widowmaker). As the Beast (Robby Benson) joins Belle for a duet, Hades (James Woods) from "Hercules" gripes, but Aurora and Phillip from "Sleeping Beauty," Cruella De Vil from "101 Dalmatians" and John Henry look pleased.
The next verse is sung by Quasimodo (Tom Hulce) from "The Hunchback of Notre Dame" (who is joined on the studio's rooftop by his gargoyle pals Victor, Hugo, and Laverne).
Pocahontas (Judy Kuhn) sings to Mama Odie from "The Princess and the Frog," Tod and Copper from "The Fox and the Hound," Basil of Baker Street, Olivia Flaversham, and Dr. David Q. Dawson from "The Great Mouse Detective," Dumbo and Timothy, Boun and Tong from "Raya and the Last Dragon," and the Aristocats (Duchess, Thomas O'Malley, Marie, Toulouse, and Berlioz).
Then, Princess Ariel (Jodi Benson) sings to Nessie, Prince Eric, Jaeger Clade from "Strange World," and Dolores Madrigal from "Encanto" – accompanied by Scuttle (Jess Harnell) who's very quickly hushed by Baloo (Jim Cummings) and Mowgli (Phoenix Reisser) from "The Jungle Book" as Lady and the Tramp smile and Sebastian the crab conducts from atop the golden harp from "Fun and Fancy Free."
Goofy looks sadly at his broken camera when suddenly, Sorcerer Mickey's magical brooms from "Fantasia" come to his aid, assisted by Felix from "Wreck-It Ralph," Hercules, and Cinderella's Fairy Godmother (who bibbidi bobbidi boos everything back on track).
Snow White (Natalie Babbitt Taylor) then harmonizes with Mulan (Lea Salonga) and Asha (Ariana DeBose) from "Wish" for Lambert the Sheepish Lion, Princess Eilonwy from "Black Cauldron,"Baymax, Oaken (Yoo Hoo), and Robin Hood and Maid Marian from "Robin Hood," Winnie the Pooh (Jim Cummings), Tigger, The White Rabbit from "Alice in Wonderland," and Lumiere and Plumette from "Beauty and the Beast."
To "bring it home" is none other than Jiminy Cricket (Cliff Edwards), who sings his iconic song from "Pinocchio" from the palm of Mickey's hand.
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Say Cheese, Everyone!
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So, how did you do? Can you identify any characters we didn't mention in the photo below?
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Memorable Moments

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Mickey Mouse March – Jimmie Dodd

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 Who's the leader of the club that's made for you and me?
M-I-C-K-E-Y M-O-U-S-E
Hey there, Hi there, Ho there! You're as welcome as can be!
M-I-C-K-E-Y M-O-U-S-E

Mickey Mouse! (Donald Duck!)
Mickey Mouse! (Donald Duck!)
Forever let us hold our banner high, high, high, high!

Come along and sing a song and join the jamboree!
M-I-C-K-E-Y M-O-U-S-E 
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You Can Fly – Sammy Fain; lyrics by Sammy Cahn

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 Think of a wonderful thought,
Any merry little thought
Think of Christmas, think of snow, think of sleigh bells
Off you go, like reindeer in the sky!
You can fly, you can fly, you can fly! 
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Be Our Guest – Alan Menken; lyrics by Howard Ashman

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Bonjour! It is with deepest pride and greatest pleasure that we welcome you tonight. And now, the dining room proudly presents your dinner.

 Be our guest, be our guest!
Put our service to the test
Tie your napkin 'round your neck, chérie
And we provide the rest
Soup du jour, hot hors d'oeuvres
Why, we only live to serve?
Try the grey stuff, it's delicious!
Don't believe me? Ask the dishes!

(INSTRUMENTAL)

Course by course! One by one! Till you shout,
"Enough, I'm done!"
Then we'll sing you off to sleep as you digest
Tonight, you'll prop your feet up, but for now, let's eat up
Be our guest! Be our guest! Be our guest!
Please be our guest! 
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Fun on the Ice – Frank Churchill

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The Sorcerer's Apprentice – Paul Dukas

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I've Got No Strings – Leigh Harline; lyrics by Ned Washington

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♪ I got no strings to hold me down
To make me fret or make me frown
I had strings but now I'm free
There are no strings on me

Heigh-ho the merry-o
That's the only way to be
I want the world to know
Nothing ever worries me

I got no strings so I have fun
I'm not tied up to anyone
They got strings but you can see
There are no strings on me ♪
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Part of Your World – Alan Menken; lyrics by Howard Ashman

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 Look at this stuff. Isn't it neat?
Wouldn't ya think my collection's complete?
Wouldn't ya think I'm the girl,
The girl who has everything?

I've got gadgets and gizmos aplenty
I've got whozits and whatzits galore
You want thingamabobs? I got 20
But who cares? No big deal. I want more!

I wanna be where the people are
I wanna see, wanna see 'em dancin'
Walkin' around on those...
What do ya call 'em? Oh, feet.

When's it my turn?
Wouldn't I love
Love to explore that shore up above?
Watch and you'll see, someday I'll be part of your world! 
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Bella Notte – Peggy Lee & Sonny Burke

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♪ For this is the night 
It's a beautiful night 
And we call it bella notte 

Look at the skies 
They have stars in their eyes 
On this lovely bella notte 

Side by side with your loved one
You'll find enchantment here 
The night will weave its magic spell 
When the one you love is near 

For this is the night 
And the heavens are right 
On this lovely bella notte  ♪
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I Just Can't Wait to Be King – Elton John; lyrics by Tim Rice

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 I'm gonna be the main event
Like no king was before
I'm brushin' up on lookin' down
I'm workin' on my roar!
Thus far, a rather uninspiring thing
Oh, I just can't wait to be king!

Everybody, look left
Everybody, look right
Everywhere you look, I'm
Standing in the spotlight

Let every creature go for broke and sing
Let's hear it in the herd and on the wing
It's gonna be King Simba's finest fling!
Oh, I just can't wait to be king!
Oh, I just can't wait to be king!
Oh, I just can't wait
To be king! 
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The Work Song / A Dream Is a Wish Your Heart Makes – Mack David, Jerry Livingston, and Al Hoffman

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Poor Cinderelly. Every time she finds a minute, that's the time when they begin it. Cinderelly, Cinderelly.
Cinderella!

♪ Cinderelly, Cinderelly
Night and day it's Cinderelly
Make the fire!
Fix the breakfast!
Wash the dishes!
Do the moppin'!
And the sweepin' and the dustin'!
They always keep her hoppin'!
She'd go around in circles
Till she's very, very dizzy
Still they holler
Keep her busy, Cinderelly ♪
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♪ A dream is a wish your heart makes
When you're fast asleep
In dreams you will lose your heartaches
Whatever you wish for, you keep

No matter how your heart is grieving
If you keep on believing
The dream that you wish will come true

Whatever you wish for you keep

The dream that you wish will come true
Will come true ♪
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Happy Working Song – Alan Menken; lyrics by Stephen Schwartz

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♪ Come, my little friends
As we all sing a happy little working song
Merry little voices clear and strong
Come and roll your sleeves up
So to speak and pitch in
Cleaning crud up in the kitchen
As we sing along

Trill a cheery tune in the tub
As you scrub a stubborn mildew stain
Pluck a hairball from the shower drain
To that gay refrain
Of a happy working song

We'll keep singing without fail
Otherwise we'd spoil it
Hosing down the garbage pail
And scrubbing up the toilet

You can do a lot when you've got
Such a happy working tune to hum
While you're sponging up
The soapy scum
We adore each filthy chore
That we determine
So, friends, even though you're vermin
We're a happy working throng
Singing as we fetch the detergent box
For the smelly shirts and the stinky socks
Sing along
If you cannot sing, then hum along
As we're finishing
Our happy working song ♪

Ah. Wasn't this fun?
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Fly to Your Heart – Michelle Tumes

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 Watch all the flowers dance with the wind
Listen to snowflakes whisper your name
Feel all the wonder lifting your dreams
You can fly

Fly to who you are
Climb upon your star
You believe you'll find your wings
Fly to your heart 
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If You Believe – Brendan Milburn & Valerie Vigoda of GrooveLily

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♪ Time to turn the maple brilliant crimson
Time to turn the Aspen sparkling gold
Time to tumble apples from their branches
Time to tell the breezes crisp and cold

A chilling folds the countryside

Kiss of morning mist upon the meadow
Scent of wood smoke swirling in the air
Signals that it's high time for the harvest
Every pumpkin, peach and prickly pear
With ripened fruit to bear

If you believe in who you are
Who you were always meant to be
If you open up your heart
Then you set your spirit free
In this time of the season, every leaf on every tree
Will start to shine
Come and see
Take my hand
Come with me and fly ♪
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Summer's Just Begun – Brendan Milburn & Valerie Vigoda of GrooveLily

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♪ Life is rising up
Surging forth in all directions
Every little buttercup is reaching out to find connections

Every blade of grass will touch the sunlight
The rain will touch the ground
Growing greener than it was before

Bees are droning by
Spider silk is softly spinning
Not a cloud in the sky, you know it's only the beginning

Every little blossom, every flower
Flings its petals wide
As the season comes round once more

The breeze is blowing light and sweet
The grass, a carpet at your feet
Catch the colors, feel the heat of the sun

All the sparrows in the dell
Swirling round like a carousel
Singing loud enough to tell everyone
Summer's just begun

Summer's just begun

All the winters, all the springs
Lead us here on fairy wings
A season of a thousand things to be done
Summer's just begun

Summer's just begun

Summer's just begun ♪
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The Great Divide, Part 1 – Brendan Milburn & Valerie Vigoda of GrooveLily

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♪ I never knew I lost you till I found you
And you'd never guess how close you are to me
Now I want to throw my arms around you
Tell a thousand tales that will astound you
Everything about you tells me this was meant to be, don't you see?

I'm on your side
Let's take this ride
And together we're facing the world
Doing things nobody's done before
And the great divide
Doesn't seem so wide anymore

And if you'll be there beside me when I falter
Then whatever comes I know we'll take it all in stride
I'm on your side
Let's take this ride
And together we're facing the world
Doing things nobody's done before
And the great divide
Doesn't seem so wide anymore ♪
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The Great Divide, Part 2 – Brendan Milburn & Valerie Vigoda of GrooveLily

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♪ Just when we thought life couldn't get much better
A wish we never knew we made came true
Worlds that were apart have come together
We'll be friends no matter what the weather
Wait until you see the wondrous things that we can do here with you

We're on your side
Let's take this ride
And together we're facing the world
Doing things nobody's done before
And the great divide
Doesn't seem so wide ♪
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The Silly Song – Frank Churchill; lyrics by Larry Morey

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♪ (YODELING)

I'd like to dance and tap my feet
But they won't keep in rhythm
You see, I washed 'em both today
and I can't do nothin' with 'em

Ho-hum, the tune is dumb
The words don't don't mean a thing
Isn't this a silly song
For anyone to sing? ♪
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A Whole New World – Alan Menken; lyrics by Tim Rice

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 I can show you the world
Take you wonder by wonder
Over, sideways and under
On a magic carpet ride

A whole new world
A new fantastic point of view
No one to tell us no
Or where to go
Or say we're only dreaming

(INSTRUMENTAL)

A whole new world (A whole new world)
That's where we'll be (That's where we'll be)
A thrilling chase
A wondrous place
For you and me 
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When You Wish Upon a Star – Leigh Harline; lyrics by Ned Washington

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♪ When you wish upon a star
Makes no difference who you are
Anything your heart desires
Will come to you

If your heart is in your dream
No request is too extreme
When you wish upon a star
As dreamers do

Fate is kind
She brings to those who love
The sweet fulfillment of
Their secret longing

Like a bolt out of the blue
Fate steps in and sees you through
When you wish upon a star
Your dreams come true ♪
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Disneywiz, thinking as a result of Tinker Bell and her friends' absence and the presence of the Arendelle sisters, went on a log flume attraction that is based on the new film franchise in summer of 2016, following the opening in Epcot at the Walt Disney World Resort on June 21, 2016. This celebrates the anniversary of the day Anna saved her sister with an unselfish act of true heart and thaw a frozen heart.
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1. Load (with Oaken's speech)

(Loading area announcements)

Oaken: Yoo-hoo! For your safety, keep your hands, arms, feet, and legs inside the the boat there. And vatch your little vones, ja? (Spanish safety spiel.)
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Oaken

Oaken runs Wandering Oaken's Trading Post and Sauna.
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2. 1st Olaf ("Do You Want to Build a Snowman")

(Ride begins. Boats approach OLAF (voiced by Josh Gad) and SVEN. Music transitions to “Do You Wanna Build a Snowman?”)

Version 1:
Olaf: Do you wanna build a snowman?
C'mon, I know you do!
Elsa's made a magic winter show,
With summer snow,
For Sven and me and you!

We're going up to Elsa's ice palace with you and you and you — all of you! See you there!
Sven: (Reindeer grunt.)
_
Version 2:
Olaf: Do you wanna build a snowman?
C'mon, let's go and play!
Elsa wants to give us all some fun,
She's making everyone
A snowy summer day!

Oh, you're going to Elsa's ice palace! Sven's going, I'm going. It'll be so beautiful! See ya there!
Sven: (Reindeer grunt.)
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Olaf

Created from Elsa's magical powers, Olaf is by far the friendliest snowman in Arendelle. He is innocent, outgoing and loves all things summer. Olaf may be a bit naive, but his sincerity and good-natured temperament make him a true friend to Anna and Elsa.
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Sven

A reindeer with the heart of a Labrador, Sven is Kristoff's loyal friend, sleigh-puller and conscience.
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3. The Trolls

(Boats move alongside TROLLS)

Young Troll: Tell us the story again!
Young Trolls: Please!
Grand Pabbie: On a day, very much like today, Anna saved her sister with an unselfish act of true love and thawed a frozen heart.
Young Troll: Ooh, ooh, and now they're best friends!
Grand Pabbie: Indeed.
Baby Troll: Hey, you're going up to a ice palace! Lucky…
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4. Lift ("Vuelie")

(Boats move alongside TROLLS. Music transitions to "Vuelie.")

Chorus: Na na na heyana
Hahiyaha naha
Naheya heya na yanuwa
Anhahe yunuwana.


(Boats move uphill)
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5. Olaf, Anna, and Kristoff ("For the First Time in Forever")

(Boats level out as they pass OLAF ice skating. Music transitions to "For the First Time in Forever.")
Olaf: La da da, for the first time in forever,
Now I'm so glad you came along!
For the first time in forever…
I don't really know this song.
And watch this next part, yooo-oooh!
Skating! Skating, skating, celebrating!


Welcome to Elsa's ice palace!

(Boats move alongside ANNA (voiced by Kristen Bell) and KRISTOFF (voiced by Jonathan Groff) singing together. SVEN's tongue is stuck to an ice crystal.)

Kristoff: Are you ready to see Elsa?
Anna: They were born ready!
For the first time in forever…
Anna and Kristoff: We get to share this frozen fun.
For the first time in forever,
Elsa's inviting everyone.

Anna: Would you say you’re elated or gassy?
Kristoff: Let's just call it "delight."
Anna and Kristoff: 'Cause for the first time in forever,
You're here…
Anna: For my sister's magic night.
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Anna

Spirited and loving, Anna gives her heart freely to those she cares about. Ever the optimist, she's proud to be Arendelle's Queen and always tried to do her best for the Kingdom and the people she loves.
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Kristoff

A rugged mountain man and ice harvester by trade, Kristoff was a bit of a loner with his reindeer pal, Sven, until he met Anna. As Arendelle's official Ice Master and Deliverer, Kristoff has found love with Anna and his new family: Elsa, Olaf and Sven.
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6. Elsa and Young Iduna's Voice ("Into the Unknown")

(As boats begin to pass through doors into ELSA's (voiced by Idina Menzel) ice palace, music shifts to "Into the Unknown" instead of "Let It Go.")

Angelic Voice: (VOCALIZING)

(boats begin to pass through doors into ELSA's ice palace)

Elsa: You're not a voice
You're just a ringing in my ear
And if I heard you, which I don't
I'm spoken for, I fear
Everyone I've ever loved is here within these walls
I'm sorry, Secret Siren, but I'm blocking out your calls

Every day's a little harder as I feel my power grow
Don't you know there's part of me that longs to go

(Boats begin moving backward away from ELSA as she shows off her powers.)

Into the unknown?
Into the unknown!
Into the unknown!
Angelic Voice: (VOCALIZING)
Elsa: Whoa-oh-oh
Are you out there?
Do you know me?
Can you feel me?
Can you show me?

(VOCALIZES)
Angelic Voice and Elsa: (HARMONIZING)
Elsa: Where are you going?
Don't leave me alone
How do I follow you
Into the unknown?

Angelic Voice: (VOCALIZES)
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Elsa

Elsa is a mythic character – magical and larger than life. Now completely in control of her powers, she is confident, resolved, and warm Elsa looks after the spirits of nature and embraces her role as the Snow Queen, knowing that it is who she was always meant to be.
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7. Marshmallow and Drop ("Instrumental Theme (Elsa & Anna)")

(Boats change direction as they pass MARSHMALLOW, who is covered in SNOWGIES.)

Version 1:

Marshmallow: Let it go!

Version 2:

Marshmallow: I'm free!
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Marshmallow

Marshmallow is an enormous icy snowman born from Elsa's powers.
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Snowgies

Snowgies are little snowmen Elsa unwittingly creates every time she sneezes—and she sneezes a lot.
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8. Arendelle Ice Castle ("For the First Time in Forever" instrumental)

(Boats plunge down waterfall and sail past Arendelle, which features snow fireworks going off over the castle.)
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9. Anna, Elsa, and Olaf Finale ("In Summer")

(As boats approach unload area, ANNA, ELSA, and OLAF stand to the side and sing "In Summer.")

Olaf: Dah dah, dah doo,
Buh buh buh buh buh boo.

Olaf, Anna, and Elsa: The hot and the cold are both so intense,
Put 'em together…

Olaf: It just makes sense!
Rat dadat dadat dadat dadadadadoo
Olaf, Anna, and Elsa: Winter's a good time to stay in and cuddle,
Olaf: But put me in summer, and I'll be a…
Anna and Elsa: Happy snowman?
Olaf: Exactly!
Olaf, Anna, and Elsa: When life gets rough, 
I like to hold on to my dream.
Relaxing in the summer sun,

Olaf: Just lettin' off steam.
Oh, the sky will be blue…
Olaf, Anna, and Elsa: And you guys'll be there too…
Olaf: When I finally do what frozen things do,
Olaf, Anna, and Elsa: In summer!
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10. Unload (with Oaken's speech)

(Boats return to dock. Unload area announcements.)

Oaken: Yoo-hoo! Welcome back! Please remain seated 'til your boat comes to a complete stop at the dock and you are asked to get out to the right, ja? Bye-bye, now! Bye-bye!
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During this time, Disneywiz decided to underrate the film like the less popular film in the Tinker Bell series, Secret of the Wings (with Elsa sharing many similar traits with Periwinkle):
  • Both have blue eyes and very fair hair – Peri's is white and Elsa's is platinum blonde.
  • Both have a small lock of hair down their forehead.
  • Both possess unusually strong powers over ice and snow, frost and sleet, hail and cold.
  • Both have icy-blue motifs.
  • Both have a dear sister (Anna / Tinker Bell) whom they love and care about very, very much.
  • Their sisters are the protagonists of both movies respectively.
  • Both enjoy playing in the snow with their sister but are forced into separation as their sisters may be vulnerable to the cold.
  • Both also appear to be unaffected by the cold. Peri's outfit has no sleeves, and she is almost always surrounded by ice and snow. Elsa, during "Let it Go", sings that "the cold never bothered her."
  • In the end, both reunite with their beloved sister to save their home kingdom (Arendelle / Pixie Hollow) from a ravaging blizzard / snowstorm.
  • Both Frozen and Secret of the Wings have the kiss in the end.
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Disneywiz rewrote and changed the stories of Frozen and Tinker Bell, with sharing the resemblance story between Anna & Elsa and Tinker Bell & Periwinkle (in the prologue only) (all sisters enjoying playing in the snow in the prologue until they are forced into separation as their sisters may be vulnerable to the cold). Skipping the Secret of the Wings climax due to no soundtrack, Tinker Bell will be spending the whole summer in the mainland with a better sister figure, Lizzy Griffiths, which is set during the events of the first Frozen during Anna and Elsa's adulthood.
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SPLAT: Ta-da!
BEAST: What?
KAA: ...mistake.
JIMWhoo-hoo!
FLASH: Hold the...
ANNA: Do the magic!
GRUMPY: You don't...
EDWARD: Ah! Giselle!
ELSA: Go away, Anna.
EEYOREThere's one.
JAQ: Isn't it wonderful?
LOUISTiana! Naveen!
TROLLTrue love's kiss
DODGER: You help Tito.
THUMPER: Hiya, Bambi.
ANTONIO: Use my room.
IDUNA: And on that note,
MOANA: What's in there?
TOAD: Hello, you fellows.
CARL: Why is it an acorn?
MERRYWEATHER: Flora?
OLAF: Hey, let me ask you.
ANNA: And we're locked in.
MULAN: "Quiet and demure.
KRISTOFF: Come on, Sven.
LITTLE JOHN: Rob? Robin?
ASHA: Yes, that's the castle.
QUASIMODO: Most of them.
NICK: Mission accomplished.
ALADDIN: Look, I... I'm sorry.
CODY: That's it, you've got it!
SNOW WHITE: Uh-uh, uh-uh!
ELSA: Why is their ship here?
ABU: Yoo-hoo! Aladdin! Hello!
RUNEARD: Stand tall, Agnarr.
TIANA: Where you taking me?
STROMBOLI: Get along there.
FLOUNDER: Ariel, wait for me.
JUDY: (WHISPERS) Come on.
RHINO: Superbark. Superbark!
SCROOGE: What, what, what?
BELLENew and a bit alarming
MAUI: I wasn't born a demigod.
SISUWow. So many questions.
KRISTOFF: Come on. Come on.
AGNARRAnd I was so honored
COGSWORTH: Now it's too late.
BAYMAX: I have some concerns.
POOH: Oh, not for honey, I hope.
SCUTTLE: Nothing is happening.
RAYAWhere are you taking me?
CINDERELLA: Oh, there you are.
ROBIN: We're waiting. (LAUGHS)
POCAHONTASCome on, Meeko!
GISELLEAnd grew and grew love
DONALDWho would've thought it?
TINKER BELLJust tie this off here.
TRUSTY: But I'd say a mite smaller.
MERLIN: You merely look like a fish.
MINNIE: Oh, Mickey, where are you?
FLORABolt the door, Merryweather.
PINOCCHIO: Father? Father, it's me.
RAPUNZEL: What did you do to him?
HADES: A stirring performance, boys.
PETER: I came to listen to the stories.
GASTON: Who does she think she is?
VANELLOPE: Okay, good. Little more.
MICKEYHey, Pluto. Here she comes.
KUZCOSo this is where you came in.
URSULACome in. Come in, my child.
BOWLER HAT GUYWhat's going on?
GOOFY: Gawrsh, that's the king's seal!
JIMINY: I gotta get in! My pal's in there.
BERNARD: No, no! Back! Back, Penny!
BALOO: (LAUGHS) You're gettin' it, kid.
ARIEL: Flounder, don't be such a guppy.
RALPH: No, no, no! Wait a second! Aah!
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00:00:00–00:19:59
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SVEN: Mm.
KAA: ...mistake.
VINNY: Hey, Junior.
CALHOUN: All right.
MRS. BANKS: Jane.
ANNA: Do the magic!
FAIRY: No, Pinocchio.
ELSA: Go away, Anna.
NALA: It's really creepy.
TROLLTrue love's kiss
IDUNA: And on that note,
CASS: That's my nephew!
ALICE: Yoo-hoo! Yoo-hoo!
MERRYWEATHER: Flora?
GURGI: Oh, no, Great Lord.
MULAN: "Quiet and demure.
KRISTOFF: Come on, Sven.
JOHN: Blast you, Peter Pan!
FÉLIX: Our angel, our angel!
KALA: Oh! Oh, no. Shh. Shh.
RUNEARD: Stand tall, Agnarr.
DONALD: Suspension bridge?
FLOUNDER: Ariel, wait for me.
NANNY: The puppies are here!
KERCHAK: I said he could stay.
MARIE: Me first, me first. Whoo.
KRONK: Back! Elbow! Shoulder!
AGNARRAnd I was so honored
SEARCHER: (CHUCKLES) Ooh!
CINDERELLA: Oh, there you are.
ISABELA: Who wants more pink?
ROBIN: We're waiting. (LAUGHS)
POCAHONTASCome on, Meeko!
JUMBA: He is bulletproof, fireproof
GISELLEAnd grew and grew love
BIG MAMA: Mm-hmm. Oh, uh-huh.
MICHAEL: And I'll cut you to pieces.
RABBIT: Here we come. Don't worry.
DOPPLER: Jim! Oh, Jim! Wait for me!
MR. BANKS: Advertisement for what?
FRIEND OWL: Come on. (SHOOING)
PETER: I came to listen to the stories.
FLYNNThis is the story of how I died.
EINSTEIN: Yeah. And you're okay, too.
NAKOMA: Help me turn this thing over.
CALOWAY: There's a star on that door.
BERLIOZ: Yeah, old pickle-puss Edgar.
MAURICE: We should be there by now.
WENDY: Bu... But where are we going?
PONGOFor a while, it seemed to work.
ARIEL: Flounder, don't be such a guppy.
RALPH: No, no, no! Wait a second! Aah!
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00:20:00–00:29:59
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ZEUS: Ha ha!
SIMBA: Come here!
DODGER: You help Tito.
MOANA: What's in there?
GOTHELI love you most.
ANNA: And we're locked in.
SHENZI: Ooh, it tingles me.
CALLISTO: Okay, everyone.
LITTLE JOHN: Rob? Robin?
PHILLIP: You know, Samson,
ABU: Yoo-hoo! Aladdin! Hello!
TIMOTHY: I think they're cute.
DRIZELLA: Huh. As if you care.
MRS. PACKARDCommander?
NANI: Okay, I got to get to work.
ATTINA: What is with her lately?
SISU: Wow. So many questions.
GOPHER: Quick! Turn the page!
MORPH: "Nothing but me heart."
TERK: Oh! Watch it! Oh! Ow! Ow!
ANASTASIA: Well, it's about time.
BASIL: This case is most intriguing
PLEAKLEY: Well, what's he doing?
RATCLIFFEKeep on working, lads
TRUSTY: But I'd say a mite smaller.
MERLIN: You merely look like a fish.
PENNYBolt! It's okay, Bolt. I'm fine.
AURORA: Why, it's my dream prince.
MARIAN: Are you ready, Lady Kluck?
HORNED KING: The Black Cauldron!
MILO: Sorry about... Sorry about that.
MUSHU: Uh, uh... Yes, I just woke up.
GASTON: Who does she think she is?
JOCK: Aye, and they walk on all fours.
HIRO: I know what you're going to say.
BALOO: (LAUGHS) You're gettin' it, kid.
ANDRINA: Ariel, dear, time to come out.
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00:30:00–00:39:59
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BEAST: What?
DINKY: Charge!
SHANK: Well, well, well.
THUMPER: Hiya, Bambi.
LUISAI move mountains
CARL: Why is it an acorn?
GRACE: We're on your trail.
RITA: Oh, that poor little kid.
COOKIE: Ya-ha! Gertie, pull!
ASHA: Yes, that's the castle.
KODA: Hello. I can't breathe.
QUASIMODO: Most of them.
KRISTOFF: Anna, be careful!
ZAZU: Oh, Scar, this is awful!
SNOW WHITE: Uh-uh, uh-uh!
CLAWHAUSER: Here you go.
BOGO: Abandoning your post.
ROGER: Maybe Scotland Yard.
ABUELA: Such a perfect match.
FIDGET: Let me out! Let me out!
HERCULES: Yeah. Yeah. I know.
POOH: Oh, not for honey, I hope.
PIGLET: Oh, dear. Oh, dear, dear.
SILVER: Well done, Mr. Arrow, sir!
JAEGER: A subterranean labyrinth
HONEST JOHN: (SIGHS) Splendid!
KING CANDYNow, now! (LAUGHS)
DUCHESS: Now, be careful, children.
O'MALLEY: Hey, cool it, you little tiger.
MITTENS: So, if you got superpowers,
URSULA: Come in. Come in, my child.
YZMA: And so, it is with great sadness
ANITA: We're doing everything possible.
TRAMP: Alligators. Now there's an idea.
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00:40:00–00:49:59
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KENAI: Koda?
MR. BIG: Meh.
DAWSON: Basil?
PHIL: Two words.
FLASH: ...Priscilla!
BAGHEERA: Baloo.
ABBY: Ring the bell!
GRUMPY: You don't...
MERIDIANHeads up.
EDWARD: Ah! Giselle!
EEYORE: There's one.
JAQ: Isn't it wonderful?
MEG: (PANTING) Please.
POWHATANPocahontas.
BASHFUL: Ain't he sweet?
OLAF: Hey, let me ask you.
LEWIS: That's a prototype?
PEPAMarried in a hurricane
CODY: That's it, you've got it!
WILBUR: Robinson Industries,
STROMBOLI: Get along there.
LUMIERELife is so unnerving
JOHN: This place is incredible.
MATTIAS: Hey, back at home...
DOLORESI can hear him now
MEDUSA: There is another one!
LILO: Want to listen to the King?
FFLEWDDUR: Aah! Great Belin!
BAYMAX: I have some concerns.
JANE: I've never seen such eyes.
TARZAN: They mean us no harm.
PRINCE JOHN: Seize the fat one!
HATHI: Oh, absolutely impossible.
PACHA: Well, we better get going.
LING: Some king of the rock. Aah!
RUTT: So, you want to play "I spy"?
WASABI: Whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa.
PANCHITOThis custom takes place
BIANCA: Let go, you big bullies, you!
FLORA: Bolt the door, Merryweather.
FELIX: The vines. They're Laffy Taffy.
HADES: A stirring performance, boys.
RAY: I'll take them the rest of the way.
HAPPY: Never say die. Never say die.
ESMERALDA: You've done this before?
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00:50:00–00:59:59
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DAVID: Nani!
SPLAT: Ta-da!
GO GO: Mmm.
LASZLO: Yeah!
FRANCIS: Goodness!
FRIAR TUCK: Surprise!
SHERIFF: Howdy, Friar.
ARCHIMEDES: Wart! Wart!
RATIGANGoodbye so soon
ELSA: Why is their ship here?
FRED: (GASPS) He's glorious.
JOE: Watch your step, Donald.
MIRABEL: (IN ENGLISH) Wait.
BELLENew and a bit alarming
LADY: Where is he taking him?
ALLAN-A-DALEMan, oh, man.
IDUNAThe waves are too high!
HUGOAnd since you're shaped
CAPTAIN AMELIA: Mr. Hawkins,
SCUTTLE: Nothing is happening.
MALEFICENT: Touch the spindle.
TARAN: They're only frogs, Eilonwy.
MAGGIE: Stallion of the Sim-moron.
TITO: Go, go, go, go, go, go, go, go!
DOC: Now don't you worry about us.
JASMINE: Just go jump off a balcony!
FAUNA: (CRYING) We're all to blame.
VANELLOPE: Okay, good. Little more.
KUZCOSo this is where you came in.
CLAYTON: Now, be careful, Professor.
DONALD: Am I going to like this place!
BOWLER HAT GUYWhat's going on?
McLEACH: Get out of here! Go on! Get!
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01:00:00–01:39:59
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BOLT: Penny.
JAFAR: Shut up!
AUDREY: Milo, no!
LUCKY: Mother, Dad,
HONEY LEMON: Hiro.
LOUIS: Tiana! Naveen!
YOUNG TODCopper?
ANTONIO: Use my room.
VICTOR: Ready, aim, fire!
RABBIT: The March Hare.
PHOEBUS: No, you're not.
CRUELLA: Jasper! Horace!
BRUNO: Oh... Almost there.
TIGGER: Come on, bounce.
NICK: Mission accomplished.
ALADDIN: Look, I... I'm sorry.
SMEE: Oh, captain, you did it.
TIANA: Where you taking me?
SLIGHTLY: Yea for Bear Killer!
BOUN: I know what you mean.
WILBUR: Girls? Girls, I'm here!
JUDY: (WHISPERS) Come on.
RHINO: Superbark. Superbark!
MAUI: I wasn't born a demigod.
TONG: There's too much spice.
ETHANWe can be resourceful.
GAZELLEWow! I'm impressed.
JIM: Whoa. What is all this stuff?
COGSWORTH: Now it's too late.
YOUNG COPPERYeah, forever.
RAYAWhere are you taking me?
PRINCEThat has possessed me
NARRATORAnd so they all lived
SEBASTIAN: Ariel, grab onto that.
ERIC: Whoa! Hang on, I've got ya.
RUNTDon't go breaking my heart
NAMAARI: But you didn't trust her.
EDGAR: Now, my little pesky pets,
SHANTI: (SINGING) My own home
FROLLO: The prisoner, Esmeralda,
LAVERNE: Don't you ever migrate?
ARTHUR: Kay, Kay, here's a sword.
BELLWETHER: Come on out, Judy.
TINKER BELL: Just tie this off here.
TOULOUSE: I told you it was Edgar.
FACILIER: Shame all that hard work
JANE: Father passes that every day.
CHARLOTTE: Cheese and crackers!
B.E.N.: Laser cannons disconnected,
PINOCCHIO: Father? Father, it's me.
SWEET: Milo, you better get up here.
PERDY: Shh, children. Children, shh.
RAPUNZELWhat did you do to him?
STEPMOTHERYou clumsy little fool.
NAVEEN: Ray! Get me out of this box!
SNOOPS: Welsher! Swindler! Chiseler!
JIMINY: I gotta get in! My pal's in there.
EILONWY: Come on, Fflewddur! Hurry!
BERNARD: No, no! Back! Back, Penny!
CHRISTOPHER: You can let go, Tigger.
SULTAN: Find him! Search everywhere!
LITTLEHe's all right! Stop the invasion!
GEPPETTO: It's no use. We're done for!
HOOK: Don't stand there, you bilge rats!
YAO: Does this dress make me look fat?
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The Story of Tinker Bell and Periwinkle's Sisterhood and Anna and Elsa's Childhood
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Vuelie (00:00:00—00:01:36)
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Anna and Elsa's Childhood Bedtime Story (00:00:57—00:07:47)
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Frozen Heart (00:01:38—00:03:15)
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Tinker Bell and Periwinkle (00:37:22—00:40:32)
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Anna and Elsa's Childhood Accident (00:03:40—00:08:12) / Tinker Bell and Periwinkle (00:40:35—00:47:23)
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Queen Clarion and Lord Milori (00:48:07–00:50:05)
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Do You Wanna Build a Snowman? (00:08:17—00:11:25)
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On the edge of a fjord, a deep mountain lake ringed by majestic peaks, the kingdom of Arendelle was a happy place. During the day, shopkeepers, fishermen, and ice sellers kept the city bustling. At night, the northern lights often lit up the sky in beautiful patterns. The rulers of Arendelle, King Agnarr and Queen Iduna, were kind. Their young daughters, Elsa and Anna, were the joy of their lives.
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Tinkers' Nook was bustling with activity. The tinker fairies were making snowflake baskets for the fairies of winter. A flock of snowy owls soon arrived for the baskets, bringing a final shipment order for Fairy Mary with them. "Goodness," Fairy Mary said. "They need twenty more baskets for tomorrow's pickup!" Tink watched as the magnificent birds headed off toward the Winter Woods. "There's a whole other world over there," she said to herself.
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Later that day, Tink volunteered to help her friend Fawn take animals to the Winter Woods to hibernate. But Fawn told Tink that they could only bring animals to the border, and weren't allowed to go into the Winter Woods. Then she got distracted by a sleeping marmot. "No hibernating yet!" she called into the animal's ear. "You do that in winter!"
Even though she knew it could be dangerous, Tink was very curious about the Winter Woods. With Fawn distracted, Tinker Bell jumped across the border!
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Tink gazed in wonder at the beautiful wintry landscape, enchanted by the delicate snowflakes that drifted down all around her. Suddenly, her wings began to sparkle in a burst of colorful light–and she heard the faint sound of a baby's laugh!
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The magical moment ended when Fawn yanked Tinker Bell back into autumn. Fawn touched Tink's wings and gasped. They were freezing! Fawn rushed Tink straight to the fairy hospital. A healing-talent fairy examined Tink's wings. Then she warmed them until they were back to normal again.
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Tink was on a mission to find out what had made her wings sparkle. She flew off to the Book Nook, where she found a wing-shaped book she hoped would give some answers. Unfortunately, a bookworm had chewed through the pages. A fairy told Tink that the author of the book–the Keeper—might be able to help her. But he lived in the Winter Woods.
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Tinker Bell put on a warm outfit, packed the book in a bag, and snuck into the tinkers' workshop. Then the adventurous fairy climbed inside a snowflake basket. Tink's fairy friends watched closely.
In a moment, Tink was soaring through the air. The young owl that had picked up the basket had no idea there was a stowaway inside!
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As the owl crossed into the Winter Woods, Tinker Bell felt a cold blast of air. She peeked out of the basket and saw a majestic valley spread before her!
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Suddenly, the owl accidentally let go of Tink's basket! She crashed onto the landing area, sending snowflakes scattering everywhere. Tinker Bell ducked behind the basket to hide–then realized that her book had been flung onto the ice. She had to get it back before a winter fairy found it!
Just then, Lord Milori, the Lord of Winter, arrived. "Now, that is odd," he said, grabbing the book from Sled, a winter fairy who had spotted it. Lord Milori asked Sled to return the book to the Keeper.
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Tinker Bell secretly followed Sled to the Hall of Winter. When she arrived, she spotted the Keeper, whose name was Dewey. Then another winter fairy rushed into the room and asked Dewey why her wings were sparkling! Suddenly, Tinker Bell's wings began to sparkle, too–just like when she had crossed the border the other day! An irresistible force pulled her toward the fairy. The fairy's name was Periwinkle.
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The girls hoped Dewey could explain what was happening to their wings. He brought Tink and Peri over to a giant snowflake. "Just put your wings into the light," he told them.
A few seconds later, the chamber filled with images showing the journey of a baby's first laugh–a laugh that split in two and landed on a dandelion! One half traveled to the Pixie Dust Tree on the warm side of Pixie Hollow, and Tinker Bell was born. The other half blew into the Winter Woods, and baby Periwinkle arrived. That meant Tink and Peri were sisters!
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Suddenly, Lord Milori arrived. He was concerned about the book Sled had found. "What if a warm fairy brought it here?" he asked Dewey. "If a warm fairy comes here, you will send them back."
Peri and Tink, who had been hiding behind the snowflake, gasped. Did this mean that Tinker Bell would have to go home already?
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Dewey told the girls they could have a little time to visit before Tink had to go home. Tink put on her coat and earmuffs to keep warm. When they got to Periwinkle's house, Peri showed Tink a bundle of items she had been collecting. "You collect Lost Things, too?" asked Tink. "I called them Found Things," Periwinkle replied, smiling.
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Next, they went to the Frost Forest, where Peri introduced Tinker Bell to her friends Gliss and Spike. They went ice-sliding, which was like sledding on a frozen roller coaster. Tink had a wonderful time!
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Agnarr loved telling Elsa and Anna, stories of long ago. One night he told them about the Northulara, a people who lived in harmony with the spirits of nature. The story left Anna and Elsa with many questions. But it was late, so Iduna lulled them to sleep with a lullaby. She sang of a river called Ahtohallan, which held all the answers to the past.
Elsa wondered if Ahtohallan knew why she had magical power. "Someone should really try to find it," she said before dozing off.
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That night outside Periwinkle's house, after Tinker Bell had built a fire to stay warm, she had a thought. "I made it warmer over here," she said. "Maybe I could make it colder over there." Tink wanted her sister to be able to visit her on the warm side of Pixie Hollow.
Suddenly, the snow floor crumbled beneath them. It was melting from the fire! A lynx brought them to safety. Dewey told the girls that now it was really time for Tink to go back home.
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The girls realized that they might never see each other again. Tinker Bell had to come up with a plan. When the three fairies reached the border, Tinker Bell broke into fake sobs. "I can't watch!" Dewey cried. "Meet me here tomorrow. There's something I need you to bring," Tink whispered to Peri.
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A little while later, Tinker Bell arrived back on the warm side of Pixie Hollow. She asked her friends Clank and Bobble for help. The three fairies were hard at work when a few of Tinker Bell's other friends stopped by. Clank had told them about Tink's newfound sister, and everyone couldn't wait to find out more about her!
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The next day, Tinker Bell arrived at the border with Bobble and Clank, who were pulling a strange-looking contraption. It was a snowmaker! Periwinkle and her friends gasped in surprise. "How does it work?" Peri asked.
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A few seconds later, the snowmaker started to grate a block of ice and turn it into snow. Peri was delighted!
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The older daughter, Princess Elsa, had a magical secret–she had the power to create snow and ice!
Anna adored her big sister and wanted to spend every minute with her. One night, Anna convinced Elsa to turn the Great Hall into a winter wonderland. They made a snowman together, and then Elsa created ice slides so Anna could soar through the air!
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Peri's journey through the warm seasons was filled with one amazing sight after the next. She saw a fast-moving rainbow and a field of blooming flowers. She thought everything was so beautiful.
Soon, Fawn, Iridessa, Rosetta, Silvermist, and Vidia got to meet the frost fairy face to face. "Everyone ... this is Periwinkle, my sister!" Tinker Bell announced.
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Peri was continuing her tour of the warm side of Pixie Hollow when Tink noticed that Peri's wings had started to wilt. The snowmaker was running out of ice, and there wasn't enough snow to keep Peri cold! Elsa accidentally hit Anna with a blast of icy magic. Anna fell to the ground, shivering. A streak of white appeared in her hair.
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Immediately, Tink brought Peri back to the border. The worried Agnarr and Iduna rushed their daughters to the trolls. They were mysterious healers who knew all about magic. At the moment, Lord Milori appeared. "Lift your wings," he told Peri. "Let the cold surround them." A wise old troll named Grand Pabbie was able to cure Anna by helping her to forget the injury–and the magic. He also had a warning. "Elsa's power will grow," he said. "She must learn to control it." Suddenly Queen Clarion, the Queen of Pixie Hollow, arrived. She looked at the girls sadly. "This is why we do not cross the border," Lord Milori told Tinker Bell and Periwinkle. "I'm sorry. You two may never see each other again."
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Elsa was afraid that she would hurt her sister again. She spent her time practicing to keep her magic under control. It was difficult, especially when she became upset. As a precaution, Agnarr decided to keep the castle gates closed. As the girls went their separate ways, Lord Milori mounted his owl and flew off–but not before he knocked the snowmaker into a stream. The contraption goes over the waterfall as Lord Milori had intended, instead of the contraption getting caught on a ledge.
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Later that day, Queen Clarion tried to make Tinker Bell understand why the rule about not crossing the border was so important. She told the story of two fairies who fell in love. One was from the warm seasons and one was from the Winter Woods. One of the fairies crossed the border and broke a wing–an injury for which there was no cure. The queen finished her sad tale.
Anna couldn't remember Elsa's magic, but she still wanted to play with Elsa. No matter how much Anna pleaded, Elsa refused to open her door. Years passed, but the girls didn't grow any closer, even when their parents were lost at sea.
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Many years and adventures later, Arendelle was flourishing. Elsa was the new ruler, and she and Anna surrounded themselves with a friendly group–composed of a snowman, a reindeer, and a mountain man–they called family. One evening, they were all playing charades. Olaf and Kristoff made a great team.
"Teapot! Unicorn!" – Kristoff
Kristoff guessed correctly every time. Olaf rearranged himself into a new shape.
It was Elsa and Anna's turn. As Elsa stood before the group, she heard a haunting melody sung by a voice that no one else seemed to hear. It took her focus off the game.
When the round was over, Elsa abruptly excused herself, saying she was tired.
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Anna knew her sister wasn't just tired. She opened the door to Elsa's room and saw that she had wrapped herself in their mother's scarf.
"You do that when something wrong, said Anna. "What is it?"
Elsa wanted to tell Anna about the voice but decided against it. Instead, she said she was worried about messing things up.
"You're doing great," Anna assured her.
Elsa smiled. "What would I do without you?" she asked. "You'll always have me," replied Anna.
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Later that night, the voice woke Elsa, louder and more insistent than before. She followed it to the fjord. She needed to know more about it.
Elsa began to sing along with the voice's call. As she did, she felt her magic getting stronger. The voice encouraged her to use her power in new ways.
Elsa found she could pull moisture out of the air and create wonderful fleeting images made of snow. How can this be happening? she thought.
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Then Elsa felt the voice pull away from her. She reached for it and a shock wave of magic blasted from her in every direction. The moisture in the air froze into crystals that dotted the sky as far as she could see. Suddenly, an explosion of light came from the north.
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The shock wave woke Anna. When she saw that Elsa was not in her bedroom, she raced for the castle doors. Just as she stumbled into the courtyard, the frozen crystals fell from the sky.
The sound of crashing ice crystals brought the villagers out of their homes as well. All around them, lanterns suddenly flickered out, and the water in the fountains began to dry up.
The sisters found each other, and it was clear to them that something was very wrong. The ground shook and the wind blew the villagers, pushing everyone toward the cliffs.
After they were all safe, Elsa told her sister about the voice.
"A voice?" asked Anna. "What kind of voice? What did it say?"
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Elsa revealed that the voice hadn't said anything it had simply shown her the Enchanted Forest. She knew she needed to travel there.
"Not without us, you don't," Anna said.
The ground rumbled again, but this time it was the mountain trolls rolling through the pass. Grand Pabbie went straight to Elsa.
"Much about the past is not what it seems," Pabbie said. "When one can see no future, all one can do is the next right thing."
Elsa had to find the voice. "And this time, Anna, I am not afraid," she said.
Grand Pabbie told Anna he would take care of the villagers but she needed to watch over Elsa.
"I won't let anything happen to her," Anna promised.
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At dawn, Elsa, Anna, Olaf, Kristoff, and Sven left Arendelle, headed due north. They traveled day and night. Their mission was too important–the stakes too high–to stop for rest.
Olaf tried to lighten the mood. "Who's into trivia?" he asked, but he didn't wait for a response. "I am! Okay!"
The snowman kept up a never-ending chatter, revealing fun facts he had discovered since learning to read. "Did you know that water has memory?" Olaf said. "Did you know men are six times more likely to be struck by lightning? Sorry, Kristoff!"
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As they went over a small hill, Elsa heard the voice again. She asked Kristoff to stop the wagon. Straight ahead, the sun revealed the Enchanted Forest, shrouded in a heavy mist.
Elsa raced across the plain with Anna right behind her, but they stopped before reaching the mist. "We do this together, okay?" Anna said.
"Together," Elsa replied.
At once, the mist began to part.
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Kristoff, Olaf, and Sven hurried to join Anna and Elsa. The group stared as four giant stone columns were revealed.
The friends moved slowly toward the monoliths. But once they were inside the mist, it closed around them. They were trapped!
They didn't have time to be concerned, as the mist began to push the friends into the unknown!
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They eventually stumbled into a wooded area. Everyone looked around in amazement. They had entered the Enchanted Forest!
Suddenly, the snowman was swept up by a gust of air.
"Olaf! Elsa cried, rushing toward him.
It was the Wind Spirit! Moments later, the whole group was caught in its vortex.
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Elsa sent a blast of magic that pushed everyone out of the whirlwind–except her. She filled the vortex with a steady stream of snow and slowed its spinning. Then she threw her arms open and snow flew everywhere.
Elsa was free. And she was surrounded by ice sculptures depicting beautiful moments frozen in time.
"What's that thing you say, Olaf?" Anna asked.
"Water has memory," he said.
As Anna and Elsa walked among the sculptures, one in particular caught their attention. It showed their father as a teenager. He was being rescued by a girl who wore a scarf that was just like their mother's.
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They suddenly heard a loud banging. Reindeer quickly surrounded Elsa and the others as people emerged from the bushes. They were the Northuldra! Anna grabbed an ice sword from one of the sculptures.
"Lower your weapon," said a Northuldra woman named Honeymaren.
Seconds later, soldiers from Arendelle, in faded and tattered uniforms, appeared.
"And you lower yours," Lieutenant Mattias of the Arendellians said to Honeymaren.
But another Northuldra, Yelana, sneaked up behind them. "Threatening my people again, Lieutenant?" she said.
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The two groups charged, both wanting to be the first to capture the sisters and their friends. Elsa used her magic to make the ground slick, causing the Northuldra and the Arendellian soldiers to slip and fall.
"That was magic!" Mattias cried.
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As Mattias got to his feet, Anna asked, "Do I know you?" She and Elsa walked over to him.
Then it hit her. His portrait was in the castle. "You were our father's official guard!" Anna exclaimed.
"I see him. I see him in your faces," Mattias said.
The young Northuldra were also eager to meet Anna and Elsa. Honeymaren approached them and asked about the scarf Anna was carrying. Anna explained that it had been given to her father, who had then given it to her mother.
It was remarkable to all that a traditional Northuldra scarf was cherished by an Arendellian queen. Maybe the two sides were more alike than different.
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Without warning, a bright light shot out from behind a tree. It was the Fire Spirit! Everything it touched burst into flame. People scattered, but Elsa stayed to battle the blaze with her magic.
The Northuldra reindeer panicked and ran. Kristoff jumped onto Sven and took off after them.
Elsa spotted the tiny Fire Spirit, a salamander, under a rocky overhang.
Elsa held out her hand and the spirit cautiously climbed onto it. She smiled and sprinkled the salamander with snowflakes.
All of a sudden, Elsa heard the voice and so did the Fire Spirit! The two of them turned toward its calling.
"We have to go north," Elsa said. It was time to move on.
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Elsa started walking. Even though Kristoff and Sven were away from the camp, Anna and Olaf knew they had to leave immediately with Elsa.
It felt as if they had been walking for hours when a distressing sight came into view–the wreckage of an Arendellian ship.
When they got closer, Elsa and Anna realized it was their parents' ship! Inside, Anna found a map. Ahtohallan, the river from their mother's lullaby, was clearly marked on it.
Elsa was devastated. "This was my fault. They were looking for answers about me!"
"Hey, you are not responsible for their choices," said Anna.
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Elsa let that sink in. She knew Anna was right. But she also knew that the next part of the journey would be the most dangerous. She had to go alone. If anything happened to Anna, she wouldn't be able to bear it.
She conjured up an ice boat beneath Anna and Olaf and sent them down a dry riverbed.
Anna reached for something, anything, to stop their boat. But they slipped into a quickly flowing river that took them farther from Elsa.
As their ice boat continued downstream, Anna spotted Earth Giants sleeping along the shore. The giants stirred as Anna and Olaf drifted silently by. As perilous as the moment was, Anna couldn't help wondering what dangers Elsa was facing.
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Elsa had, in fact, reached the Dark Sea. Its ferocious waves made it nearly impossible for her to cross. Elsa was determined, but time and time again the sea pushed her back, and then it pulled her under!
She managed to reach the surface and create an ice slide, but when the waves broke it, she dove straight into the water, not noticing an enormous creature watching her.
Below the waves, Elsa was confronted by a looming spirit that took the form of a horse–the Water Nokk!
The spirit charged at Elsa over and over, but Elsa didn't surrender. She summoned all her power to create an ice bridle, which she hooked onto the massive horse.
At last, the Water Nokk responded to Elsa's commands. Together, they galloped to the other side of the Dark Sea.
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Elsa had reached Ahtohallan–and the voice that had been calling to her. The answers to all her questions were there, just as her mother's Iullaby had promised. But more than the truth about her magic, Elsa also discovered peace–a peace she couldn't wait to share with her sister, the spirits, and spread throughout the kingdom.
Meanwhile, Anna and Olaf had found refuge in a cave. A twinkle of snowflakes rushed in and formed an ice sculpture. It was a signal from Elsa that she was safe, and soon they would all be together again.
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Walt Disney's Last Productions
Walt was dedicated to his dream of being a cartoonist since he was in high school. He drew cartoons for the newsletter at McKinley high school in Chicago. Once he got his first job as an animator, it was the catalyst that set off his dream of opening his own studio. Laugh-o-grams studios was this for him, until it went bankrupt. He was faced with having to start all over again, but with his brother Roy and best friend Ub at his side, they eventually created the icon that is Mickey Mouse. The rest is history.
Walt Disney passed away on December 15th, 1966, just 10 days after his 65th birthday. Even though most people retire once they've reached a certain point in their 60s, Walt was still working just as hard as he used to. The studio was on a high during the Silver Age era, producing films like Sleeping Beauty, 101 Dalmatians, and Lady and the Tramp. Disneyland was approaching its 10 year anniversary, and was still a massive success. Walt was also working on his Disneyland anthology TV series. Let's take a look at some of the last films and TV shows Walt was personally involved in.
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Films
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The AristoCats
The production for The Aristocats began in 1962. The script development had seen many challenges through that year and into 1963, with disapproving writers, differing opinions, and it was starting to become complicated. The original idea for the story was to have it as a 2-part Wonderful World of Color special, rather than a whole film itself. But when it was suggested to Walt that all of the elements would make for a great movie, he approved it. He left Ken Andersen in charge of overseeing the writing. It was shelved though until 1966, as Walt felt that The Jungle Book's production would progress faster.
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The Jungle Book
The Jungle Book is famously known as the last full movie that Walt worked on. The film previously released to it, The Sword and the Stone, had not done so well. Walt wanted to be sure that The Jungle Book was done right, and had a sense of magic to it. Though it is adapted from Rudyard Kipling's novel from 1894, according to Sense of Cinema, he actively tried to make sure that the writers were not reading the book.
After some disagreements with the initial writer for the film, Bill Peet, Walt decided to scale back his team and choose a group of people he knew he could trust and who could naturally see his vision. Ollie Johnston and Frank Thomas, two of the Nine Old Men, were responsible for the friendship that came through between Baloo and Mowgli. Other people included in the making of the film include Wolfgang Reitherman, Ken Andersen, Milt Kahl, and John Lounsbery.
"[Walt] obviously got hooked on the jungle and the characters that lived there." — Roy E. Disney
During the production of The Jungle Book is when Walt began feeling weak and tried to hide his frequent pain. Animators believed he was suffering the effects from an injury sustained while playing polo several decades earlier. Diagnosed with lung cancer, Walt scheduled a doctor's appointment in October of 1966 for some neck pain he was in. During the x-ray, doctors noticed the spot on his lung. He went in a month later on November 7th to get surgery done to remove it. However, the tumor had gotten so big that he was only given another six months to two years. He passed away one month later on December 15th.
"Nobody at the studio was aware that Walt was as sick as he was." — Richard Sherman
During that one month period between his surgery and his death, Walt made one final visit to the studio, though his staff had no idea how sick he truly was. They could see it in his face, but they were happy to see him regardless as they continued to work on The Jungle Book. Walt called Wolfgang Reitherman, the director of The Jungle Book, to the hospital and personally asked him to help lead the feature film animation program, letting him know that he would be the one to continue the legacy of animated films and the Disney Fairies film series (including the streaming of the trilogy at Disney Plus and one attraction (Fairy Tinker Bell's Busy Buggies) at Fantasy Springs at Tokyo DisneySea at Tokyo Disney Resort featuring Tinker Bell (which she speaks in a Japanese language instead of English) and some of her animals friends, including Cheese the mouse, the firefly, and the NeverBeast seen as an Easter egg at the winter section), so Reitherman pushed back against the shutdown and the discontinuation of the Tinker Bell franchise (which was popular at every web page and site, including YouTube and Disney.com). He and the other artists wanted the complete story of Anna and Elsa's childhood and the era of King Agnarr and Queen Iduna to be completed the way Walt wanted, and they were ultimately able to continue production.
"He walked down the hall and said goodbye. He never said goodbye to anybody in his life, he'd say "I'll see you next week" or something." — Marc Davis
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Kristen Bell on Anna's devastating moment in Frozen II
About three-quarters of the way into Frozen II, just before the film's final original song, princess protagonist Anna (Kristen Bell) finds herself stranded in a dark cave and an even darker state of mind. Elsa (Idina Menzel) is all but considered dead, Olaf (Josh Gad) has disintegrated like an extra Avenger in Endgame, and any wisp of hope that the princess ever felt has vanished like an icicle in August. It's a shocking nadir for the habitually optimistic Anna, who now joins Bambi and Simba in the subsection of Disney characters who have just absolutely gone through it on screen.
It also inspires over a Disney story idea to have everyone believe that Baloo the bear from The Jungle Book had been killed. Over fifty years later in Frozen II, when Elsa risked her life to deliver the truth beyond the Arendelle past to her sister Anna so she can free the Enchanted Forest and save the kingdom, causing her happy-go-lucky snowman sidekick Olaf to disappear and Anna singing "The Next Right Thing" desperately. Believing two deaths have struck her world, Anna does what a Disney princess in mourning is want to do: She sings.
"I've seen dark before, but not like this.
This is cold, this is empty, this is numb.
The life I knew is over, the lights are out.
Hello darkness, I'm ready to succumb.

I follow you around, I always have.
But you've gone to a place I cannot find.
This grief has a gravity, it pulls me down,
But a tiny voice whispers in my mind."
Fortunately, what follows is a moment of inspiring resolve, even for young viewers who have been left shaken by the drama (and/or possible introduction of the word "succumb"). "You are lost, hope is gone, but you must go on and do the next right thing," Anna sings. "Take a step, step again, it is all that I can to do the next right thing."
What ultimately happens here is Anna finds a way to literally scrape herself off the floor and continue living, despite no longer having two of the people she's been living for. It's that difficult duality — of crippling uncertainty and the loss of co-dependency, in this moment and throughout Frozen II itself — that Bell, who voices Anna, was eager to explore.
"Before [writer/director] Jennifer Lee wrote the script, we sat down for a while and she said, 'What do you think Anna is struggling with? What's the next big hurdle in her life?' and it honestly took me a while to come up with it, but I think whereas Anna in the first one is ultimately optimistic and believes in everyone around her, I wanted to talk about, what you do when you don't know what to do, which I think is a really dark question for a lot of us," Bell tells EW. "What do you do when you don't know what to do?"
It's certainly not an easy issue to unpack, and Anna's song "The Next Right Thing" is an objectively tough one to listen to (not only for its lyrics, but for Bell's performance and decision to not sacrifice emotion for the sake of making a song minivan-appropriate). But Anna's uncertainty over what to do (after so confidently proclaiming that some things never change) is greatly worsened by a loss of who to even do it for — and Anna, more than any other character, is wayward when left without a tribe.
There is a chasm of difference between the loss of life and the loss of co-dependency — you don't have to have been intensely co-dependent to meaningfully grieve a death — but Anna's personality has always been calibrated toward an optimism that manifests in an allowance of needing others to fulfill her. That sounds pretty harsh, but recall that the first 20 minutes of Frozen introduce Anna as a person whose entire worldview was created in the absence of human interaction; the rest of the film presents a wonderfully layered adult full of wit and warmth, but one who nevertheless has outsourced a large portion of her own sense of self-completion to the new affections of other people (like Hans, Elsa, and Kristoff). Add another layer to this: Anna is, according to the directors, an archetype of fairy tale — as opposed to Elsa, an archetype of myth — and so her motivations have been purposefully crafted to follow north stars of love, harmony, and happy endings. None of those are bad things to believe in, but the reason Anna's moment of mourning feels so disarmingly dark is because such sunny dogma exacerbate the fall from grace when you're suddenly miles away from your castle alone in a cave grieving her sister and snowman.
Watching Anna go to her darkest depth is no easy scene to swallow, certainly not for younger audience members who didn't exactly have "Olaf dies" on their Frozen II bingo card. But if the moment can spur a meaningful dialogue about determination after the film, then it holds the same power that, for decades, has made animated films a consequential medium for fostering maturity.
"We waited around to find the story lines that were important enough to talk about, ones that we felt were necessary and things that hadn't been discussed before," says Bell. "This film definitely grew with its audience, and it took so long to make because everyone was hell-bent on not just making episode 2 of Frozen." In the six years since Frozen first made landfall in the world, the actress has always spoken about her "otherworldly connection" to Anna — to her humor, her idiosyncrasies, to proudly wearing her heart on her sleeve — and Anna's development here only furthers their bond. "I am very co-dependent, and that's part of where my people-pleasing and optimism comes from, and we really dug deep with Anna about the good and the bad parts of being all those things in a melting pot," she continues. "But what do you do when you can't live for someone else anymore? I think our children deserve that conversation."
Bell volunteers a link to another current project of hers that has also sparked its share of provocative conversation: NBC's The Good Place, the four-season-long sitcom on which Bell plays a reformed sinner whose near-death — or, actual-death — experience galvanizes her to be a better human being. "I'm proud to be a part of a show like The Good Place because I play a girl who lives in isolation and was an island, and then only when she got to the afterlife did she realize she needed people, and she grew because of it," Bell says. "I think Anna is sort of the opposite. She lives for everyone around her, she's seemingly happy, but even she has to find her strength and depend on herself. And I think Jen and everyone found a beautifully poignant way to have Anna discover that and look inward." When viewed that way, Anna's moment of mourning doesn't have to be something terrifying, but something teachable.
And it certainly doesn't hurt that, for the second time in forever, a happy ending still does manage to work out in the long run.
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This tragic but very emotionally touching scene when Anna griefs her sister (Elsa) and snowman (Olaf) after they die, singing "The Next Right Thing", will definitely help me let Mike Greenholt and the filmmakers tell the truth about the death of Pixie Hollow had there not first been a Peter Pan and realizing that Anna's decision of destroying the dam was a hard one. It would flood her beloved home of Arendelle, becoming the reason why the Frozen franchise will be discontinued like the Tinker Bell franchise and that Walt Disney Animation Studios will be shut down like DisneyToon Studios, unless the childhood version of Anna and Elsa was more popular than adulthood. And it also will definitely help me let go of the fact that the Tinker Bell film soundtrack collection was almost completed.
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Dedicated to the work by Walt Disney V's best friend and partner, John Lasseter, one of the key members of their executive team, who left the Disney company at the end of 2018 in a cloud of controversy and allegations of unwanted touching (Lasseter acknowledged "missteps" in a company-wide memo responding to the allegations). Ralph Breaks the Internet was the last animated cartoon feature production that Lasseter was involved with as executive producer and, like its predecessor, Disneywiz's reviews were mixed-to-negative.
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His sabbatical letter
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I have always wanted our animation studios to be places where creators can explore their vision with the support and collaboration of other gifted animators and storytellers. This kind of creative culture takes constant vigilance to maintain. It's built on trust and respect, and it becomes fragile if any members of the team don't feel valued. As a leader, it's my responsibility to ensure that doesn't happen; and I now believe I have been falling short in this regard.
I've recently had a number of difficult conversations that have been very painful for me. It's never easy to face your missteps, but it's the only way to learn from them. As a result, I've been giving a lot of thought to the leader I am today compared to the mentor, advocate and champion I want to be. It's been brought to my attention that I have made some of you feel disrespected or uncomfortable. That was never my intent. Collectively, you mean the world to me, and I deeply apologize if I have let you down. I especially want to apologize to anyone who has ever been on the receiving end of an unwanted hug or any other gesture they felt crossed the line in any way, shape, or form. No matter how benign my intent, everyone has the right to set their own boundaries and have them respected. In my conversations with Disney, we are united in our commitment to always treat any concerns you have with the seriousness they deserve, and to address them in an appropriate manner. We also share a desire to reinforce the vibrant, respectful culture that has been the foundation of our studios' success since the beginning. And we agree the first step in that direction is for me to take some time away to reflect on how to move forward from here. As hard as it is for me to step away from a job I am so passionate about and a team I hold in the highest regard, not just as artists but as people, I know it's the best thing for all of us right now. My hope is that a six-month sabbatical will give me the opportunity to start taking better care of myself, to recharge and be inspired, and ultimately return with the insight and perspective I need to be the leader you deserve. I'm immensely proud of this team, and I know you will continue to wow the world in my absence. I wish you all a wonderful holiday season and look forward to working together again in the new year.

John
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When Encanto takes over Frozen II as the winner of the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, Disneywiz's reviews were mixed-to-negative. Strange World followed, and due to the same musical score as the Wreck-It Ralph franchise, his reviews were also mixed-to-negative.
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And of course, the filmmakers all acknowledge there would be no Pixie Hollow had there not first been a Peter Pan. "One of the reasons I took this job was because growing up, I loved Peter Pan," Greenholt states, adding, "Every time we do a new project—and even in the midst of it—I'm constantly watching Peter Pan, over and over again, trying to stay in that world, to try and keep the animation and the acting as close to those sensibilities as I can." Wigert also stresses, "Peter Pan was such a fun character in that film. We absolutely respect that and want to live up to that legacy."
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After the sequel to Wreck-It Ralph was announced and thinking that Frozen Ever After or the story of Anna and Elsa's childhood and the era of Queen Iduna and King Agnarr was a better hit than the first film or the rest of Anna and Elsa's adulthood, Disneywiz acknowledges there would be nothing new at Disney Animation and became tired of anything new at every new animated feature with any lackluster reviewer had there not first been a Alice from Wonderland, Disney's famous mermaid with her beautiful feminine voice, and the rest of Anna and Elsa's childhood and the era of Queen Iduna. "One of the reasons I took this job was because I loved Anna and Elsa's childhood and Queen Iduna, I loved Alice in WonderlandThe Little Mermaid, or Enchanted," Disneywiz states, adding, "Every time we do a new Disney feature project or sequel (especially for Moana 2) which will do better than Frozen II or Disenchanted (a sequel to Enchanted, which the reviews saying that it lacked the charm of the predecessor), except for every new Frozen film with every nostalgic childhood scene (especially with rave reviews, a boo-boo, or one that is about to enter and win the awards at the Oscars) or any different movie with a C or D grade—and even in the midst of it—I'm constantly going back to visit Anna and Elsa's childhood and seeing their parents (in the first and second films), and watching Alice in WonderlandThe Little Mermaid, or Enchanted, over and over again, trying to stay in that world, to try and keep the animation and the acting as close to those sensibilities as I can." "Alice, Ariel, and Giselle were such feminine characters in those films. You think it's better than Tinker Bell or her other fairy friends until further notice. We absolutely respect that and want to live up to that legacy."
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Despite being 16 years old, Enchanted is a better tribute to Walt Disney and Tinker Bell film series than Frozen ever could.
Because of how sad and disappointing Frozen II (or Disenchanted) turned out, despite being seen as the dedication to the fact that the filmmakers all acknowledge there would be no Pixie Hollow had there not first been a Peter Pan, I then remembered that in 2007, there was a movie Disney did that in hindsight, makes for a better tribute to the Tinker Bell movies than the Frozen movies or the sequel to Enchanted ever could (in which the reviews saying that it lacked the charm of the predecessor).
Of course, as said in the title, I, believe Enchanted makes for a better tribute to the Tinker Bell movies and Anna and Elsa's childhood and Queen Iduna as it not only offers tributes and Easter eggs to past Disney movies, along with spoofing them, at least the story holds on it's own with some semblance of originality, along with the plot making sense and having fun characters and the references and Easter Eggs aren't so overabundant and the 2D animation was a nice touch.
To me, this should've been released every time we do a new Disney feature project or sequel (especially for Moana 2) which will do better than Frozen II or Disenchanted, except for every new Frozen film with every nostalgic childhood scene (especially with rave reviews, a boo-boo, or one that is about to enter and win the awards at the Oscars) or any different movie with a C or D grade), not every new Disney feature project as every new Disney feature project didn't even try to make a good movie that was a tribute to the Tinker Bell movies and Anna and Elsa's childhood and Queen Iduna.
If there was a movie good enough to dedicate the Tinker Bell movies and Anna and Elsa's childhood and Queen Iduna, it's Enchanted and it's a shame Disney didn't make Giselle a princess as despite being a parody, she's better princess material than Anna, Elsa, or Moana.
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Before its official release, the film (The Jungle Book / Frozen II) was screened at the studio in February of 1967. The audience included Hazel George, Walt's personal nurse, one of his closest confidantes, and the songwriter in Disney's From All of Us to All of You. Some of the animators and other staff who worked on the film liked to think that the very last scene of The Jungle Book that Ollie Johnston did, when Baloo and Bagheera are dancing off into the sunset, was Walt's final scene of his life too. This will help the Frozen franchise and Walt Disney Animation Studios continue their careers.
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The Happiest Millionaire
Disney was on a streak of live-action films during the 1960s, having only 3 total animated films during the entire decade produced. A lot of them did phenomenally, while others fell flat. Some of the most successful ones were Swiss Family Robinson, The Absent-Minded Professor, The Parent Trap, and Mary Poppins. The last live-action film that Walt was involved with and produced was The Happiest Millionaire. Production began at the beginning of 1966 and the film was released June 23rd, 1967.
Follow Me, Boys! was the last film that was released by the studio before Walt's death, on December 1st, 1966. The first film released after his death was Monkey's, Go Home! on February 8th, 1967.
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Television Shows
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Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color
Beginning in 1954 during the time of the development and construction of Disneyland, Walt wanted to document the process while simultaneously marketing the park to a young audience. He began an anthology television series called Walt Disney's Disneyland. It was called this until 1958, then it was changed to Walt Disney Presents. During his final run hosting the show, it was called Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color. This was the debut of the series to be in color for the first time. On this series, Walt would introduce new, fun animated characters like Professor Ludwig Von Drake. He would also have guests, sing songs, and telecast his movies.
Just a month before Walt's surgery in November, he filmed an introduction called An Evening with Walt Disney, where he talks about how he couldn't make it to the Follow Me, Boys! premiere, and discusses The Happiest Millionaire. It never aired due to his passing.
Walt filmed several introductions for the series before his passing, which continued to be aired until they ran out. Chet Huntley and Dick Van Dyke hosted a memorial tribute to Walt after his death. This version of the anthology series went on until 1969.
I believe these projects hold a special place in history as being the last touched pieces of Walt's life. He was going up to the studio just 2 weeks after his major lung surgery just to ensure everything was going the way it should be. He even talked about his future plans for Disney World with Roy the night before he passed away. I'll be making a post soon about his last theme park projects, so stay tuned for that.
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How did the company release the Secret of the Wings soundtrack when Disney has to discontinue the Tinker Bell series and that the first Frozen or the other new Disney films will do better than Frozen II (with the exception of the song "Into the Unknown") at the Academy Awards?
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Disneywiz's wish gift

Shipped from eBay to Traverse Town on Wednesday, December 6, 2017
Delivered on Sunday, December 24, 2017
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To: The fan of Walt Disney's most popular fairy with her voice and sibling in Pixie Hollow with her name based on a purple flower and Arendelle's enchanted sisters as they were juniors and the Academy Award-winning team behind Zootopia and Frozen, including the father of the deceased guardian angel: Chris Buck.
—with Christmas kisses—
From: The studio staff and the cast of Peter Pan (including the surviving members: Margaret Kerry, Kathryn Beaumont, and Paul Collins), Tinker Bell's animation supervisor Michael Greenholt, Gary and Lyn Geronimi, two sons of a gifted director and a new Disney Legend: Clyde Geronimi, costume designer Alice Davis† (wife and widow of Marc Davis), filmmaker Ted Thomas (son of legendary animator Frank Thomas), most of the crew (some of the surviving cast members) who worked on Walt's last picture: actors Darleen Carr, Bruce Reitherman (son of director-producer Wolfgang "Woolie" Reitherman), and Lord Tim Hudson; songwriter Richard Sherman†, and story artists Floyd Norman and Burny Mattinson†; former studio executive Ron Miller† (Walt Disney's son-in-law and Diane's husband), the PhilharMagic orchestra, most of the surviving Disney Legends; and the old Disney Legends' animation team, including Donald Duck's animation director: Jack Hannah; Disney musician: Paul J. Smith; television director: Les Clark; Imagineers: John Hench, Roger Broggie, and Richard Irvine; director: Ben Sharpsteen; co-director: Robert Stevenson; co-producer: Bill Walsh; writer: Winston Hibler; a successor for Tinker Bell's voice: Jimmy Macdonald, and especially, one of King Arthur character designers and story man: Bill Peet who left the Studio in over fifty years.
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Dedicated to:
Ollie Johnston – Animation
Milt Kahl – Animation
Ward Kimball – Animation & Imagineering
Eric Larson – Animation
Joe Fowler – Attractions
Robert B. Sherman – Music
Ken Anderson – Animation & Imagineering
Mary Blair – Animation & Imagineering
Claude Coats – Animation & Imagineering
Sterling Holloway – Voice
Bill Evans – Imagineering
Annette Funicello – Film & Television
Ken O'Connor – Animation & Imagineering
Pinto Colvig – Voice
Buddy Ebsen – Film & Television
Peter Ellenshaw – Film
Harper Goff – Film & Imagineering
Donn Tatum – Administration
Adriana Caselotti – Voice
Marvin Davis – Film & Imagineering
Fulton Burley – Attractions
Edward Meck – Attractions
Fred Moore – Animation
Bob Allen – Attractions
Bill Peet – Animation
Lucien Adés – Music
Armand Bigle – Consumer Products
Cyril Edgar – Film
Mario Gentilini – Publishing
Horst Koblischek – Consumer Products
Gunnar Mansson – Consumer Products
Arnoldo Mondadori – Publishing
Poul Brahe Pedersen – Publishing
Joe Potter – Attractions
Paul Winkler – Publishing
James Algar – Animation & Film
Buddy Baker – Music
Wilfred Jackson – Animation
Norman "Stormy" Palmer – Film
Lloyd Richardson – Film
Bill Tytla – Animation
Norm Ferguson – Animation
Yale Gracey – Animation & Imagineering
Hamilton Luske – Animation
Grace Bailey – Animation
Harriet Burns – Imagineering
Joyce Carlson – Animation & Imagineering
Becky Fallberg – Animation
Dodie Roberts – Animation
George Bruns – Music
Frank Churchill – Music
Hugh Attwooll – Film
Maurice Chevalier – Film
Lillian Disney – Family
Buddy Hackett – Film & Television
Bill Anderson – Animation, Film & Television
Matthew Garber – Film
Ralph Kent – Attractions & Imagineering
Mel Shaw – Animation
Mary Jones – Parks & Resorts
Cicely Rigdon – Parks & Resorts
Vesey Walker – Parks & Resorts
Ginny Tyler – Film & Television
Roone Arledge – Television
Art Babbitt – Animation
Lucille Martin – Administration
Oliver Wallace – Music
Estelle Getty – Television
Raymond Watson – Administration
Bonita Wrather – Parks & Resorts
Dick Clark – Television
Manuel Gonzales – Publishing
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In Memoriam (We salute the following Disney Legends and members at the Walt Disney Family Foundation who have passed away since the last two Tinker Bell soundtracks released in February 2015)
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Marty Sklar
Imagineering
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Charlie Ridgway
Attractions
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X Atencio
Animation & Imagineering
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Blaine Gibson
Animation & Imagineering
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Jack Lindquist
Attractions
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Al Konetzni
Consumer Products
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Tyrus Wong
Animation
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Harry Archinal
Administration
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Carson Van Osten
Consumer Products
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Frank Gifford
Television
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Dean Jones
Film
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Kevin Corcoran
Television
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John Culhane
Author & Historian
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To our guardian angel, Ryder Buck (1990—2013)
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It's not surprising that all six of the Tinker Bell feature films always had a special place in their heart for the Disney Fairies library at Disney Plus. It helped save their franchise, along with the superior critical success of Frozen II. It was a new beginning. To see Tinker Bell's special animation, click 00:42:43–44.
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To see Frozen II's superior success, click Frozen II's Film Release and Success.
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In Memoriam (We salute the following Disney Legends and members at the Walt Disney Family Foundation who have passed away during Tinker Bell's absence from Pixie Hollow until its recognition (March 3, 2015 – June 6, 2024)
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Stan Lee
Film & Publishing
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Rolly Crump
Imagineering
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Charles Boyer
Parks & Resorts
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Ron Dominguez
Parks & Resorts
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Alice Davis
Imagineering
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Richard Sherman
Music
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Tim Considine
Television
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Glynis Johns
Film
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Angela Lansbury
Film
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Betty White
Television
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Barbara Walters
Television
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Tommy Kirk
Television
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Tim Conway
Film
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Ron Miller
Family & Film
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To learn more about the Disney Legends, click here.
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Disneywiz's family
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Joe Walker (February 13, 1939 — June 24, 2023)
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Olympia "Ollie" Joelle Walker (nicknamed Belle) (October 8, 2024 —)
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