Sunday, June 11, 2023

Getting to Know Walt Disney's Tinker Bell and the Old-Time Art of Animation and NeverEnding Christmas PhilharMagic

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Getting to Know Walt Disney's Tinker Bell & The Old-Time Art of Animation and NeverEnding Christmas PhilharMagic (November 13, 2018; 2024 Edition)
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• Greg Ehrbar, Charles Solomon, the D23 team
• Preface: Andreas Deja, John Canemaker
• Foreword: Pete Docter, Jennifer Lee
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From all of us to all of you! Merry Christmas from Mickey Mouse, Tinker Bell, Peter Pan, Wendy, and all your friends from the Disney studio, including the Pixie Hollow gang! In the same jewelry box with the same porcelain ballerina from the first chapter in the rare Tinker Bell series, it produces musical notes from a set of pins placed on a revolving cylinder. The popular device best known today as a music box developed from a musical snuff boxes of the 18th century and were originally called chimes of music. Some of the more complex music boxes also contain a tiny drum and/or bells in addition to the metal comb. Enjoy a "philharmagical" holidays with nine popular Christmas melodies (which inspires these nine merry gentlemen—the old-school team of core animators, who he affectionately called Walt Disney's "Nine Old Men," were known for creating most famous works, as well as refining the 12 basic principles of animation behind such classic films as Snow White and the Seven DwarfsPinocchioFantasiaCinderellaAlice in WonderlandPeter PanLady and the TrampBambiSleeping BeautyThe Jungle BookSaludos AmigosThe Three CaballerosOne Hundred and One DalmatiansThe Rescuers, and especially, the Tinker Bell film franchise), the Disney holiday favorite from 1958's From All of Us to All of You, and three of the Disney songs: You Can Fly" from Peter Pan, "Fly to Your Heart" from the Disney Fairies' superior film, Tinker Bell and and one of the most favorite Frozen songs from Anna and Elsa's childhood, "Do You Wanna Build a Snowman?", which is sung by Anna as a little girl. Each of the nine Christmas carols inspire each of the Nine Old Men, including Toyland (Ward Kimball, which also inspires him to write Walt Disney's Babes in Toyland). Press the buttons on the keyboard contained within the songbook and the images (which pay tribute to Walt Disney's Nine Old Men and the other Disney Legends) will flash to music while it's playing or put the key into the music box to hear very beautifully chimes play thirteen songs.

Toyland
Jolly Old Saint Nicholas
Here We Come A-Caroling
Christmas Is Coming

Deck the Halls
Jingle Bells
O Christmas Tree
Up on the Housetop
We Wish You a Merry Christmas
From All of Us to All of You – Paul Smith; lyrics by Gil George
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Mickey Mouse March – Jimmie Dodd
Be Our Guest – Alan Menken; lyrics by Howard Ashman
Part of Your World – Alan Menken; lyrics by Howard Ashman
I Just Can't Wait to Be King – Elton John; lyrics by Tim Rice
Do You Want to Build a Snowman? – Robert & Kristen Anderson Lopez
Into the Unknown – Robert & Kristen Anderson Lopez
Fly to Your Heart – Michelle Tumes
You Can Fly – Sammy Fain; lyrics by Sammy Cahn
A Whole New World – Alan Menken; lyrics by Tim Rice

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We dedicate both this Christmas music box and song book to Eric Larson, Frank Thomas, and Ollie Johnston, who sees John Lasseter's potential as an animator and founder of Pixar Animation Studios, which later became the head of Disney Animation before he left in 2018.
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Contents
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  • Acknowledgments
  • Preface: John Canemaker
  • Preface: Andreas Deja
  • Foreword: Pete Docter, Jennifer Lee
  • Walt Disney: About the Father Figure to Tinker Bell and the Fairies of Pixie Hollow
  • Introduction
  • Meet Tinker Bell's Nine Young Fairies
  • The Voices of the Princesses of Heart
  • The Stars of Frozen Ever After
  • The Cast and Crew of Mickey's PhilharMagic
  1. Toyland
  2. Jolly Old Saint Nicholas
  3. Here We Come A-Caroling
  4. Christmas Is Coming
  5. Deck the Halls
  6. Jingle Bells
  7. O Christmas Tree
  8. Up on the Housetop
  9. We Wish You a Merry Christmas
  10. From All of Us to All of You
  11. You Can Fly
  12. Fly to Your Heart
  13. Do You Want to Build a Snowman
  • Beginnings (Marceline, Kansas City, Red Cross, Laugh-O-gram)
  • Hollywood (Disney Bros., Ub Iwerks, Alice Comedies, Oswald)
  • New Horizons in the 1930s (Mickey Mouse, Silly Symphonies, Diane & Sharon Disney)
  • The Move to Features: Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (Snow White, Hyperion Studio, Animation Training)
  • "We Were in a New Business" (Burbank Studio, Bambi, Pinocchio, Sorcerer's Apprentice)
  • "The Toughest Period in My Whole Life" (1941 Disney Strike, World War II, Dumbo, El Grupo)
  • Postwar Production (Studio Rebuilding, Lady and the Tramp, 20,000 Leagues)
  • Walt and the Natural World (True-Life Adventures, Seal Island, People & Places)
  • The 1950s and 1960s: The Big Screen and Beyond (Trains, Disneyland, Television, The Florida Project)
  • December 15, 1966
  • The Story of the Production of The Jungle Book
  • Walt Disney V's Passing (December 15, 2016)
  • The Secret of the Wings soundtrack / Frozen & Muppets & Fairies' Wintry Secret
  • Kristen Bell on Anna's devastating moment / Frozen II Climax & Ending
  • Glossary
  • Index
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This music box also plays most of Walt Disney's all-time favorite songs, including "The Second Star to the Right" and some of the cherished songs from the Tinker Bell franchise, including one of her most wonderful tunes, "How to Believe" written by Adam Iscove.
  1. Mickey Mouse March
  2. Once Upon a Dream
  3. Beauty and the Beast
  4. Little April Shower
  5. Bibbidi-Bobbibi-Boo
  6. Under the Sea
  7. A Whole New World
  8. Little Black Rain Cloud
  9. The Second Star to the Right
  10. Come Dream a Dream
  11. Where the Sunbeams Play
  12. Summer's Just Begun
  13. Come Flying With Me
  14. The Great Divide
  15. How to Believe
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Acknowledgments
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• Michael Barrier (Norm Ferguson, Ham Luske, Bill Tytla, John Sibley)
• Dale Baer† (John Lounsbery)
• John Canemaker (Les Clark, Ham Luske, Grim Natwick)
• Ron Clements (Frank Thomas)
• Andreas Deja (Milt Kahl)
Didier Ghez (Ub Iwerks, Ham Luske)
• Eric Goldberg (Ward Kimball)
• Don Hahn (Woolie Reitherman)
• Glen Keane (Ollie Johnston)
• Bob Kurtz (Marc Davis)
Burny Mattinson† (John Sibley)
• John Musker (Eric Larson)
Floyd Norman (Hal King)
Dave Smith† (Fred Moore)
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Robin Allan† (Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Make Mine Music, Melody Time)
• Didier Ghez (The Reluctant Dragon)
Mindy Johnson (Cinderella, Peter Pan)
J.B. Kaufman (Bambi, South of the Border)
Daniel Kothenschulte (Silly Symphonies, Pinocchio, Fantasia, Burbank Studios (1939—1940), Dumbo)
Katja Lüthge (Fun and Fancy Free)
Leonard Maltin (Song of the South)
Russell Merritt (Laugh-O-grams, From Alice to Mickey)
Andreas Platthaus (Lady and the Tramp)
Brian Sibley (The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad, Alice in Wonderland, The Sword in the Stone, Mary Poppins, Winnie the Pooh)
Charles Solomon (Hyperion Studios (1926—1940), Sleeping Beauty, 101 Dalmatians, The Jungle Book)
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• Orphan's Benefit (Here We Come A-Caroling)
• Mickey's Elephant (Deck the Halls)
• The Country Cousin (Here We Come A-Caroling)
• Woodland Café (Toyland)
• Hawaiian Holiday (We Wish You a Merry Christmas)
Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (Here We Come A-Caroling, Toyland, Jolly Old Saint Nicholas, We Wish You a Merry Christmas)
• The Brave Little Tailor (Deck the Halls)
• Goofy and Wilbur (We Wish You a Merry Christmas)
• Donald's Cousin Gus (We Wish You a Merry Christmas)
• Pinocchio (Deck the Halls, Jingle Bells, Toyland)
• Fantasia (Jolly Old Saint Nicholas)
Dumbo (Toyland, We Wish You a Merry Christmas)
• The Symphony Hour (Here We Come A-Caroling)
• Bambi (O Christmas Tree, Deck the Halls, Jingle Bells, Christmas Is Coming, Up on the Housetop)
• Saludos Amigos (Up on the Housetop)
• Make Mine Music (Jolly Old Saint Nicholas)
Song of the South (O Christmas Tree, Jingle Bells)
Fun and Fancy Free (Jolly Old Saint Nicholas)
Melody Time (Christmas Is Coming)
• The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad (Deck the Halls, Christmas Is Coming)
• Cinderella (O Christmas Tree)
• Alice in Wonderland (O Christmas Tree, Jingle Bells, Jolly Old Saint Nicholas, Up on the Housetop)
• Peter Pan (O Christmas Tree, Deck the Halls, Toyland, Jolly Old Saint Nicholas, We Wish You a Merry Christmas)
Toot, Whistle, Plunk and Boom (O Christmas Tree)
• Lady and the Tramp (Deck the Halls, Here We Come A-Caroling, Christmas Is Coming, Jolly Old Saint Nicholas, We Wish You a Merry Christmas)
• Sleeping Beauty (O Christmas Tree, Christmas Is Coming)
• One Hundred and One Dalmatians (O Christmas Tree, Jolly Old Saint Nicholas, Up on the Housetop)
• The Sword in the Stone (Up on the Housetop)
• The Jungle Book (Deck the Halls, Christmas Is Coming, Jolly Old Saint Nicholas, Up on the Housetop)
• The AristoCats (Up on the Housetop)
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Flowers and Trees (Here We Come A-Caroling)
The Country Cousin (Here We Come A-Caroling)
Ferdinand the Bull (Toyland)
Donald's Cousin Gus (We Wish You a Merry Christmas)
Pinocchio (Christmas Is Coming, Jolly Old Saint Nicholas, We Wish You a Merry Christmas, Up on the Housetop)
Fantasia (Here We Come A-Caroling, Toyland, We Wish You a Merry Christmas)
• The Symphony Hour (Here We Come A-Caroling)
Bambi (O Christmas Tree)
Saludos Amigos (We Wish You a Merry Christmas)
• The Three Caballeros (Jingle Bells)
Make Mine Music (Toyland)
The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad (Deck the Halls, We Wish You a Merry Christmas)
Cinderella (O Christmas Tree, Toyland, Up on the Housetop)
Alice in Wonderland (Deck the Halls, Toyland, Christmas Is Coming)
Peter Pan (Deck the Halls, Here We Come A-Caroling, Jingle Bells, Christmas Is Coming)
Lady and the Tramp (Jingle Bells, Christmas Is Coming, Jolly Old Saint Nicholas)
Sleeping Beauty (O Christmas Tree, Deck the Halls, Jolly Old Saint Nicholas, Up on the Housetop)
One Hundred and One Dalmatians (O Christmas Tree, Jingle Bells)
The Sword in the Stone (Deck the Halls, Jingle Bells, Jolly Old Saint Nicholas)
The Jungle Book (Christmas Is Coming, Jolly Old Saint Nicholas)
The AristoCats (Up on the Housetop)
The Rescuers (Up on the Housetop)
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Colors of Ribbons that edited as the Christmas song sheet
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• Pink (Toyland (Ward Kimball), We Wish You a Merry Christmas (Wolfgang Reitherman))
• Green (Jolly Old Saint Nicholas (John Lounsbery), Deck the Halls (Frank Thomas), Up on the Housetop (Milt Kahl), Fly to Your Heart)
• Yellow (Here We Come A-Caroling (Les Clark))
• Red (Christmas Is Coming (Ollie Johnston), Jingle Bells (Eric Larson), O Christmas Tree (Marc Davis), From All of Us to All of You)
Blue (You Can Fly, Do You Want to Build a Snowman?)
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PREFACE: John Canemaker
I first became aware of Walt Disney's Nine Old Men when, as a teenager in 1958, I read Bob Thomas's book The Art of Animation. In a black-and-white photograph spread over two pages, there they were: Les ClarkWolfgang ReithermanEric LarsonWard KimballMilt KahlFrank ThomasOllie JohnstonJohn Lounsbery, and Marc Davis. Nine great animators, described as "the group Walt has called 'the nine old men.'"
They looked middle-aged, not old, and the text did not explain that Walt Disney's sobriquet was a joking reference to President Roosevelt's description of his hostile Supreme Court as "nine old men, all too aged to recognize a new idea." But the book introduced to the public a filmmaking team whose ironic appellation has come to represent some of the highest achievements in character (or personality) animation. The Nine Old Men were, wrote Thomas, "the creators who add the touch of genius to the Disney features."
Think of your favorite moments and characters in Disney films from the 1930s through the 1970s—pathos, comedy, or action performed by heroes, heroines, villains, or clowns—and chances are most were animated by one of the Nine Old Men. Although the principles and techniques of character animation were forged by an earlier group at Disney, the Nine Old Men developed and refined those methods to a high degree of expressiveness and subtlety over a forty-year period. In films such as Snow White and the Seven DwarfsPinocchioFantasiaBambiSong of the SouthCinderellaAlice in WonderlandPeter PanLady and the TrampSleeping Beauty101 Dalmatians, and The Rescuers, among others, their virtuosity remains a benchmark against which all other character animation continues to be measured.
After Walt Disney's death in 1966, the studio publicity department perpetuated and built the legend of the Nine Old Men with a second and final group photograph, this time in color; magazines and books touted the group's accomplishments. It was an attempt to personalize the continuation of the art form that Walt developed by shining a spotlight on his closest, most loyal, and gifted collaborators.
But the term obscured the individual achievements of nine unique talents and temperaments, even as it purportedly illuminated them. One got the impression that the Nine Old Men were similar, interlocking, and equal parts of a smoothly running machine. Nothing could have been further from the truth, which makes them and their achievements all the more remarkable.
I saw how different they were from each other during my first visit to the Disney Studio in Burbank, California, in the summer of 1973. Researching an academic paper on the development of Disney animation, it was my good fortune to meet and interview several of the Nine. I found them to be individualists with widely differing artistic gifts, viewpoints, personalities, and degrees of ambition and competitiveness. That they had worked together so well for so long seems, upon reflection, miraculous. Of course, the attributes and liabilities of one man complemented another's, and they had much in common.
An example of their commonality is the fact that each man came to Disney merely seeking a job. All were affected by the Depression, a period of rampant unemployment in America; Disney was one of the few places offering paying jobs to artists. The studio's 1933 short Three Little Pigs, with its theme song "Who's Afraid of the Big Bad Wolf?," became a national symbol of the spunk and optimism of the American people. It also held a special relevance for the future Nine Old Men, who arrived at the studio with the wolf literally at their door. But the film also demonstrated a powerful new kind of animation that could communicate with vast audiences by inspiring as well as amusing them. The Nine Old Men stayed at the Disney studio for decades not merely out of loyalty; they became fascinated with character animation and excited by the opportunity to expand the art form's potential.
At the time of my first visit, the Nine were no longer working as a complete team. Wolfgang Reitherman was directing and producing the features; Les Clark was directing television shows; Eric Larson was in charge of training new animators; Marc Davis was designing Disney theme park attractions; Ward Kimball was less than a month from officially retiring. (In fact, I interviewed him at his home where I had the pleasure of riding the cars of his life-size train collection.) Only Milt Kahl, John Lounsbery, Frank Thomas, and Ollie Johnston were still animating. (I was privileged to observe the latter two gentlemen at their drawing boards animating scenes for 1977's The Rescuers.)
Over the years, during subsequent visits to research articles or books, I learned more about the Nine Old Men: their individual relationships with Walt and with each other; their predecessors and mentors at the studio upon whose inspirations and innovations the Nine built; their artistic break-throughs and failures; their rivalries and their involvement in studio politics.
My closest friendships have been with Frank Thomas and Ollie Johnston, who have shared a unique and long-lived loyalty to each other as well as a deep dedication to their art. For over a quarter century we have shared phone calls, letters, and meals in different parts of the world, from Chicago, Illinois, to Cakovec, Yugoslavia. I have interviewed them countless times privately and in front of audiences large and small. I have been privileged to receive their warm encouragement and bracing "tough-love" critiques of my films and writings.
My books on animation history include biographies of Winsor McCay, Tex Avery, and even Felix the Cat; two recent books concentrated on aspects of preanimation processes at the Walt Disney Studio, namely the conceptual artwork and the storyboards. When I was finally offered the opportunity to write about the art of Disney animation itself—through the prism of the Nine Old Men, in a candid assessment of their lives and contributions to a special form of cinema—I leaped at the chance.
Both Frank and Ollie were, as always, enthusiastic. They encouraged me to tell the truth as I see it about the remarkable Disney animated films, how they were made, and who made them. Here, for example, is an excerpt from a September 28, 1998, letter to me from Frank Thomas:

So have fun and choose a heart-wrenching philosophy that will make your audience cheer while wiping a tear from their eye. The subject is BIG, from the casual way it all started, to the resentments, the unhappiness that went hand in hand with the glow of success, the failures, the continuous changes in the studio and in Walt, down to his death and the degeneration of the whole idea surrounding the 9 Old Men.
Don't give it that sugary Disney treatment, these are real people leading real lives. And what's more, they are real artists, extremely talented artists, and few talented writers, historians, teachers, critics, and animators themselves, ever get a chance to do a book with this much importance and potential. Go to it!

I have always wanted to write a book on animators modeled after Giorgio Vasari's Lives of the Artists, the famous sixteenth-century biographical work about the greatest artists of the Italian Renaissance. This project attempts to fulfill that wish.
My purpose is the same as Vasari's: "to revive the memory of those who adorned these professions, who do not merit that their names and works should remain the prey of death and oblivion."
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PREFACE: Andreas Deja, Animation (2015)
One day in the late 1970s I discussed Disney animation with my life-drawing teacher. "Anybody can learn how to animate like Disney," he claimed. "It's all technique, but no art." I was shocked! This man was a terrific teacher and an artist in his own right. I doubted his judgment quietly, having already spent endless hours studying the fluid motion of Disney animation with the help of Super-8 film clips. I could not imagine that anybody could learn to animate like this by picking up a few simple tricks. It seemed to me that in order to create life through drawings, an artist had to become very involved and committed.
My art school didn't offer any animation classes, which meant if I wanted to pursue a future career in animation, a self-taught method would be the only option. After giving myself assignments like walk cycles and other pencil tests, I found out that Disney Studios had started a training program for new talent joining the animation department. It turned out that veteran animator Eric Larson worked with newcomers on developing their craft to eventually become fully fledged animators.
About one year later, in August 1980, I applied for the program and was lucky enough to get accepted. One of the things I remember is Eric going over my drawings from a scene I was trying to animate. Looking over the shoulder of one of Disney's great animators and watching him as he strengthened my poses and timing was intimidating and thrilling at the same time.
When viewing my corrected scene, I couldn't believe my eyes. Eric's input added pure magic; the character's actions became more clear and believable. What started out as messy graphic motion, now seemed to show signs of life.
It was Eric who first introduced me to two other Disney animators, Frank Thomas and Ollie Johnston, who were in the midst of writing their first book on Disney animation, The Illusion of Life. Conversations with these artists were fascinating because, after all, they had been involved with almost all of Disney's animated films. These movies shaped my childhood and made me wonder, how on earth this level of excellence was achieved. Now I had the opportunity to ask endless questions about the art of character animation.
When I was still in Germany, the term "Disney's Nine Old Men" had been familiar to me; I knew the names of this elite group of animators from books and magazine articles. What I wasn't aware of was the fact that two of them had already passed away when I started working for the studio. John Lounsbery and Les Clark were no longer alive, but I was lucky to get to know and become friends with seven of the nine, including Eric Larson, Frank Thomas, and Ollie Johnston.
Woolie Reitherman still worked at the studio during the early 1980s, developing ideas for new projects. Marc Davis had retired, but lived close by, and he and his wife Alice enjoyed interacting with a new generation of animators. Ward Kimball lectured occasionally at the studio and was always up for a lunch date. Milt Kahl had moved to San Francisco after spending more than 40 years as an animator at Disney. I visited him once or twice a year and, despite his rough reputation, found him to be generous with his time and stimulating to talk to. I was lucky to be able to join Disney at a time when so many master animators were still alive and, as it turned out, very approachable. Every conversation with each of them left me incredibly inspired and compelled to study their work in greater detail. At that time the studio kept all of the animated, hand-drawn scenes ever done in a makeshift archive called the Morgue, which was placed in the basement of the Ink and Paint Department. Newcomers like myself were encouraged to study this material up close and learn from it. And what a school it was! Whether it was Medusa pulling off her false eyelashes, Bambi chasing a butterfly, or Baloo dancing with Mowgli, flipping those scenes left me with a feeling of either frustration—I am never going to be as good as this—or utter elation—look how incredible this medium can be!
In this book I try to share anecdotes and reflections by these incredible artists—as related to me—and present some of their brilliant work.
My art teacher was wrong; Disney animation is so much more than technique. Creating personalities on the screen through drawings is extremely difficult and only succeeds if the animator finds a way to express him, or herself personally. As Marc Davis said, it is the ultimate art form, involving drawing, acting, music, dancing, and painting, all combined into one medium.
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FOREWORD: Jennifer Lee, Pete Docter
One of the questions we get asked most often is, "Who are my favorite Disney characters?" For many animators and directors, that question is like asking them to pick their favorite children. But for me, we can say without hesitation that one of our absolute favorites has always been Tinker Bell.
Jennifer Lee and I must confess it was love at first flight, seeing Tinker Bell in the Walt Disney classic Peter Pan when I was just a young boy and when she was a little girl. Not only could she fly, but she had magic pixie dust that could make anyone fly. Who didn't want to fly? She was incredibly appealing, especially to an adolescent boy. She had a mischievous side to her that was human, fun, and something we could all relate to. We loved that Tinker Bell had so many facets to her personality, and she was able to beautifully communicate all of them without even saying a word. And despite her sometimes impetuous behavior, you always sensed that she had a big heart. She has a very important sibling in the very rare magical place called Pixie Hollow. She has a name based on the periwinkle flower. Her name was Periwinkle and she shared many similar traits with Elsa from Frozen, directed by Jennifer.
As our interest and fascination with animation grew, including the foundation of the characteristic similarly sisterhood between Tink and Anna and Peri and Elsa, I learned to appreciate the incredible design and draftsmanship that Marc Davis, the father of Tinker Bell and one of the greatest animators to ever work at Disney, put in to bringing her to life. And make no mistake about it; Tinker Bell is full of life. These talented individuals contributed their efforts to many Disney projects over the years. One very special effort was Disney's classic Peter Pan, which they all worked on together. Marc Davis was one of Walt's creative team, the "nine old men" faced many exciting challenges in bringing this story to the screen. Not only did they need to find new ways to bring the characters to life, they added elements of the tale that had not been possible in the stage versions of the story.
The first "nine old men" were Supreme Court justices—all more than 90 years old—who were trying to block President Franklin Roosevelt's "New Deal" in the mid-1930s. When Walt Disney selected his first-string supervising animators, he was doing a wry nod to the headlines when he dubbed these then-young artists his "Nine Old Men," who were honored as Disney Legends thirty years ago along with the non-member, Ub Iwerks. As husbands and fathers, some of Disney's talented animators had offspring (known as sons and daughters, including brothers and sisters), except for Marc Davis and Eric Larson, who was the trainer of new generation of Disney animators, including Chris BuckRon ClementsJohn Musker (who had previously finished working on Moana), and some of the new Disney Legends: Andreas DejaGlen Keane, and Mark Henn. They looked like uncles to some of his talented fathers. Les ClarkMilt Kahl, and Ollie Johnston had two while Wolfgang ReithermanWard Kimball, and John Lounsbery had three and Frank Thomas had four. I get to know and become friends with some of their children, including Thomas' son Theodore, filmmaker of 1995 documentary Frank & Ollie, and Reitherman's son Bruce who voiced Mowgli in The Jungle Book while his older brothers Dick and Bob voiced King Arthur in The Sword in the Stone. Kimball's son John was the animation director of many television series including 1989's Chip 'n' Dale Rescue Rangers.
Both Peter Pan and Tinker Bell's Pixie Hollow glory days were very, very special to Walt himself. As a young boy, Walt had portrayed Peter in a school play; he had been enchanted with the story every since. Walt long dreamed of putting this story on the silver screen. His dream became a reality in 1953 when Peter Pan was first released, which was followed by the Disney Fairies' Tinker Bell film franchise over 50 years later.
The beloved tale, based on Sir James M. Barrie's play, is the story of Peter and of the Darling children, Wendy, John and Michael, who embark on an exciting journey to Never Land. Their fantastic adventure involves an engaging assortment of characters, including a jealous fairy named Tinker Bell, a villainous pirate, Captain Hook, the crocodile, and a myriad of mermaids, Lost Boys and Indians. This dynamic team helped to sprinkle a little pixie dust into the lives of millions.
The term "Disney's Nine Old Men" had been familiar to me; we knew the names of this elite group of animators from books and magazine articles. What I wasn't aware of was the fact that five of them, including Woolie Reitherman, Milt Kahl, and Eric Larson, had already passed away and didn't survive to get handprints in the Disney Legends Award ceremony in 1989 and see the origins of the Disney Renaissance era and DisneyToon Studios when I started working for the company in the early 1990s. However, I was lucky to get to know and become friends with John Lasseter (former CEO of Disney and Pixar Animation), Bradley RaymondPeggy Holmes, the team behind The Little Mermaid and Beauty and the Beast, and four of the nine, including Marc Davis, Frank Thomas, and Ollie Johnston. Animation supervisor Mike Greenholt—who has worked on all of the films in the Tinker Bell series—was lucky to be able to join Disney at a time as a clean-up in-betweener working on Tarzan (directed by Frozen's Chris Buck) and Treasure Planet (directed by Moana's Ron Clements and John Musker) when four of many master animators, including Ollie Johnston and Ward Kimball (who were John Lasseter's two fellow railroaders), were still alive through the 1990s and the 2000s decades and, as it turned out, very approachable.
More than 40 years after Walt Disney's death in the same year Mike was born, all of the members of the Nine Old Men were deceased, starting from John Lounsbery in 1976 to Ollie Johnston (a huge soul for the most certified franchises ever — Tinker Bell and Frozen) in 2008 — 32 years later; the same year we decided to create the Disney Fairies films, where she would speak for the first time, we carefully analyzed the magic that makes Tink tick. She (voiced by Mae Whitman, who previously voiced Shanti in the 2003 sequel to The Jungle Book, in which she was also animated by Ollie in the ending of the classic film) displays the full range of human emotions from jealousy, envy, and anger, to joy and love, which inspires Joy from 2015's Inside Out. Today, her magic is just as potent as ever, and she's still very much the same character we fell in love with long ago.
I hope you enjoy this beautiful musical jewelry box and song book, which presents some incredible visual development sketches, production art, photographs and galleries of Disney animation for the very first time, also understanding why growing up was or wasn't important to consider it as a good sendoff to the Tinker Bell franchise and DisneyToons Studios after its closures in 2015 and 2018, five decades after Walt Disney's death. From earliest Walt Disney origins in his marvelous era to Tinker Bell's magical world of Pixie Hollow, there's quite an adventure ahead. If it's hard to remember the those nine Supreme Court justices, think of some wonderful thoughts, turn on the Christmas music box, and get ready to sing along as the work of the nine Disney Legends continues to enchant the world...
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Walt Disney (19011966)
About the Father Figure of Tinker Bell and the Fairies of Pixie Hollow
During a 43-year Hollywood career, which spanned the development of the motion picture medium as a modern American art, Walter Elias Disney, a modern Aesop, established himself and his product as a genuine part of Americana.
David Low, the late British political cartoonist, called Disney "the most significant figure in graphic arts since Leonardo." A pioneer and innovator, and the possessor of one of the most fertile imaginations the world has ever known, Walt Disney, along with members of his staff, received more than 950 honors and citations from throughout the world, including 48 Academy Awards® and 7 Emmys® in his lifetime.
Walt Disney's personal awards included honorary degrees from Harvard, Yale, the University of Southern California, and UCLA; the Presidential Medal of Freedom; France's Legion of Honor and Officer d'Academie decorations; Thailand's Order of the Crown; Brazil's Order of the Southern Cross; Mexico's Order of the Aztec Eagle; and the Showman of the World Award from the National Association of Theatre Owners.
Walt Disney V, who had been the genius behind his famous fairy, Tinker Bell (the star of her own film collection), the creator of Mickey Mouse, and founder of Disneyland and Walt Disney World was born in Chicago, Illinois, on December 5, 1901. His father, Elias Disney, was an Irish-Canadian. His mother, Flora Call Disney, was of German-American descent. Walt was one of five children, four boys and a girl.
Raised on a farm near Marceline, Missouri, Walt early became interested in drawing, selling his first sketches to neighbors when he was only seven years old. At McKinley High School in Chicago, Disney divided his attention between drawing and photography, contributing both to the school paper. At night he attended the Academy of Fine Arts.
During the fall of 1918, Disney attempted to enlist for military service. Rejected because he was only 16 years of age, Walt joined the Red Cross and was sent overseas, where he spent a year driving an ambulance and chauffeuring Red Cross officials. His ambulance was covered from stem to stern, not with stock camouflage, but with drawings and cartoons.
After the war, Walt returned to Kansas City, where he began his career as an advertising cartoonist. Here, in 1920, he created and marketed his first original animated cartoons, and later perfected a new method for combining live-action and animation.
In August of 1923, Walt Disney left Kansas City for Hollywood with nothing but a few drawing materials, $40 in his pocket and a completed animated and live-action film. Walt's brother Roy O. Disney was already in California, with an immense amount of sympathy and encouragement, and $250. Pooling their resources, they borrowed an additional $500 and constructed a camera stand in their uncle's garage. Soon, they received an order from New York for the first "Alice Comedy" short, and the brothers began their production operation in the rear of a Hollywood real estate office two blocks away.
On July 13, 1925, Walt married one of his first employees, Lillian Bounds, in Lewiston, Idaho. They were blessed with two daughters — Diane, married to Ron Miller, former president and chief executive officer of Walt Disney Productions; and Sharon Disney Lund, formerly a member of Disney's Board of Directors. The Millers have seven children and Mrs. Lund had three. Mrs. Lund passed away in 1993.
Mickey Mouse was created in 1928, and his talents were first used in a silent cartoon entitled Plane Crazy. However, before the cartoon could be released, sound burst upon the motion picture screen. Thus Mickey made his screen debut in Steamboat Willie, the world's first fully synchronized sound cartoon, which premiered at the Colony Theatre in New York on November 18, 1928.
Walt's drive to perfect the art of animation was endless. Technicolor® was introduced to animation during the production of his "Silly Symphonies." In 1932, the film entitled Flowers and Trees won Walt the first of his 32 personal Academy Awards®. In 1937, he released The Old Mill, the first short subject to utilize the multiplane camera technique.
On December 21 of that same year, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, the first full-length animated musical feature, premiered at the Carthay Circle Theatre in Los Angeles. Produced at the unheard of cost of $1,499,000 during the depths of the Great Depression, the film is still accounted as one of the great feats and imperishable monuments of the motion picture industry. During the next five years, Walt completed such other full-length animated classics as PinocchioFantasia, Dumbo, and Bambi.
In 1940, construction was completed on Disney's Burbank studio, and the staff swelled to more than 1,000 artists, animators, story men and technicians. During World War II, 94 percent of the Disney facilities were engaged in special government work including the production of training and propaganda films for the armed services, as well as health films which are still shown throughout the world by the U.S. State Department. The remainder of his efforts were devoted to the production of comedy short subjects, deemed highly essential to civilian and military morale.
Disney's 1945 feature, the musical The Three Caballeros, combined live action with the cartoon medium, a process he used successfully in such other features as Song of the South and the highly acclaimed Mary Poppins. In all, 81 features were released by the studio during his lifetime.
Walt's inquisitive mind and keen sense for education through entertainment resulted in the award-winning "True-Life Adventure" series. Through such films as The Living DesertThe Vanishing PrairieThe African Lion and White Wilderness, Disney brought fascinating insights into the world of wild animals and taught the importance of conserving our nation's outdoor heritage.
Disneyland, launched in 1955 as a fabulous $17 million Magic Kingdom, soon increased its investment tenfold and entertained, by its fourth decade, more than 400 million people, including presidents, kings and queens and royalty from all over the globe.
A pioneer in the field of television programming, Disney began production in 1954, and was among the first to present full-color programming with his Wonderful World of Color in 1961. The Mickey Mouse Club and Zorro were popular favorites in the 1950s.
But that was only the beginning. In 1965, Walt Disney turned his attention toward the problem of improving the quality of urban life in America. He personally directed the design on an Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow, or EPCOT, planned as a living showcase for the creativity of American industry.
Said Disney, "I don't believe there is a challenge anywhere in the world that is more important to people everywhere than finding the solution to the problems of our cities. But where do we begin? Well, we're convinced we must start with the public need. And the need is not just for curing the old ills of old cities. We think the need is for starting from scratch on virgin land and building a community that will become a prototype for the future."
Thus, Disney directed the purchase of 43 square miles of virgin land — twice the size of Manhattan Island — in the center of the state of Florida. Here, he master planned a whole new Disney world of entertainment to include a new amusement theme park, motel-hotel resort vacation center and his Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow. After more than seven years of master planning and preparation, including 52 months of actual construction, Walt Disney World opened to the public as scheduled on October 1, 1971. Epcot Center opened on October 1, 1982.
Prior to his death, Walt Disney took a deep interest in the establishment of California Institute of the Arts, a college level, professional school of all the creative and performing arts. Of Cal Arts, Walt once said, "It's the principal thing I hope to leave when I move on to greener pastures. If I can help provide a place to develop the talent of the future, I think I will have accomplished something."
California Institute of the Arts was founded in 1961 with the amalgamation of two schools, the Los Angeles Conservatory of Music and Chouinard Art Institute. The campus is located in the city of Valencia, 32 miles northeast of downtown Los Angeles. Walt Disney conceived the new school as a place where all the performing and creative arts would be taught under one roof in a "community of the arts" as a completely new approach to professional arts training.
Walt Disney is a legend, a folk hero of the 20th century. His worldwide popularity was based upon the ideas which his name represents: imagination, optimism and self-made success in the American tradition. Walt Disney did more to touch the hearts, minds and emotions of millions of Americans than any other man in the past century. Through his work, he brought joy, happiness and a universal means of communication to the people of every nation. Certainly, our world shall know but one Walt Disney.
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List (in order of appearance in Walt Disney V's personal touch)
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Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (December 21, 1937)
The Little Mermaid (November 17, 1989)
Pinocchio (February 7, 1940)
Fantasia (November 13, 1940)
Dumbo (October 23, 1941)
Beauty and the Beast (November 22, 1991)
Bambi (August 13, 1942)
Aladdin (November 25, 1992)
Saludos Amigos (February 6, 1943)
The Lion King (June 24, 1994)
The Three Caballeros (February 3, 1945)
Pocahontas (June 23, 1995)
Toy Story (November 22, 1995)
Make Mine Music (April 20, 1946)
The Hunchback of Notre Dame (June 21, 1996)
Hercules (June 27, 1997)
Fun and Fancy Free (September 27, 1947)
Melody Time (May 27, 1948)
Mulan (June 19, 1998)
A Bug's Life (November 25, 1998)
Tarzan (June 18, 1999)
The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad (October 5, 1949)
Toy Story 2 (November 24, 1999)
Fantasia 2000 (December 17, 1999)
Cinderella (February 15, 1950)
The Emperor's New Groove (December 15, 2000)
Atlantis: The Lost Empire (June 15, 2001)
Alice in Wonderland (July 26, 1951)
Lilo & Stitch (June 21, 2002)
Treasure Planet (November 27, 2002)
Peter Pan (February 5, 1953)
Finding Nemo (May 30, 2003)
Brother Bear (November 1, 2003)
Home on the Range (April 2, 2004)
The Incredibles (November 5, 2004)
Lady and the Tramp (June 22, 1955)
Chicken Little (November 4, 2005)
Cars (June 9, 2006)
Meet the Robinsons (March 30, 2007)
Ratatouille (June 29, 2007)
Enchanted (November 21, 2007)
WALL-E (June 27, 2008)
Bolt (November 21, 2008)
Sleeping Beauty (January 29, 1959)
Up (May 29, 2009)
The Princess and the Frog & Tinker Bell (December 11, 2009)
Toy Story 3 (June 18, 2010)
Tangled & Muppets & Fairies' Autumn Treasure (November 24, 2010)
101 Dalmatians (January 25, 1961)
Cars 2 (June 24, 2011)
Winnie the Pooh & Tinker Bell's Midsummer Rescue (July 15, 2011)
Brave (June 22, 2012)
Monsters University (June 21, 2013)
Frozen & Muppets & Fairies' Wintry Secret (November 27, 2013)
The Sword in the Stone (December 25, 1963)
Planes (July 18, 2014)
Mary Poppins (August 27, 1964)
Frozen Fever & Muppetational & Winged Pirate (March 13, 2015)
Inside Out (June 19, 2015)
The Good Dinosaur (November 25, 2015)
The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh (February 4, 1966March 11, 1977)
Zootopia & Tinker Bell's NeverZootropolis Legend (March 4, 2016)
Finding Dory (June 17, 2016)
Moana (November 23, 2016)
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Cars 3 (June 16, 2017)
The Jungle Book (October 18, 1967)
Coco (November 22, 2017)
Incredibles 2 (June 15, 2018)
Frozen & Tinker Bell Ever After (November 21, 2018)
Toy Story 4 (June 21, 2019)
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2 hours, 20 minutes: Mary Poppins
2 hours, 00 minutes: Fantasia
1 hour, 58 minutes: Incredibles 2
1 hour, 57 minutes: Cars
1 hour, 55 minutes: The Incredibles
1 hour, 52 minutes: Ralph Breaks the Internet
1 hour, 51 minutes: Ratatouille
1 hour, 49 minutes: Cars 3, Coco
1 hour, 48 minutes: EnchantedZootopiaRaya and the Last Dragon
1 hour, 47 minutes: Cars 2Moana
1 hour, 45 minutes: Strange World
1 hour, 43 minutes: Finding Dory, Frozen II, Onward
1 hour, 42 minutes: Toy Story 3, Monsters UniversityBig Hero 6
1 hour, 41 minutes: TangledWreck-It Ralph, Elemental
1 hour, 40 minutes: Finding Nemo, Toy Story 4, SoulTurning RedLightyear
1 hour, 39 minutes: Encanto
1 hour, 38 minutes: Luca
1 hour, 37 minutes: WALL-E
1 hour, 36 minutes: A Bug's Life, Bolt, Up
1 hour, 35 minutes: Atlantis: The Lost Empire, Treasure Planet, The Princess and the Frog, Inside Out
1 hour, 34 minutes: Meet the Robinsons
1 hour, 33 minutes: Brave
1 hour, 32 minutes: Hercules, Toy Story 2Monsters, Inc.The Good Dinosaur, Wish
1 hour, 30 minutes: Aladdin
1 hour, 28 minutes: Mulan, Tarzan
1 hour, 27 minutes: Pinocchio, The Lion King, Pocahontas
1 hour, 26 minutes: The Hunchback of Notre Dame
1 hour, 25 minutes: Lilo & Stitch, Brother Bear
1 hour, 24 minutes: Beauty and the Beast
1 hour, 23 minutes: Robin Hood, The Fox and the Hound
1 hour, 22 minutes: The Little Mermaid
1 hour, 21 minutes: Chicken Little
1 hour, 20 minutes: Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, The Sword in the Stone, Toy Story
1 hour, 19 minutes: 101 Dalmatians, The Emperor's New Groove
1 hour, 18 minutes: The Jungle Book, The AristoCats
1 hour, 16 minutes: Peter PanThe Rescuers
1 hour, 15 minutes: Make Mine Music, Melody Time, Alice in Wonderland, Lady and the Tramp, Sleeping BeautyThe Nightmare Before ChristmasFantasia 2000, Home on the Range
1 hour, 14 minutes: Cinderella, The Many Adventures of Winnie the PoohThe Rescuers Down Under
1 hour, 13 minutes: Fun and Fancy Free
1 hour, 10 minutes: Bambi, The Three Caballeros
1 hour, 9 minutes: Winnie the Pooh
1 hour, 8 minutes: The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad
1 hour, 4 minutes: Dumbo
45 minutes: Saludos Amigos
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Introduction
For Walt Disney Productions (also known as The Walt Disney Studios), the 1950s (2000s) and 1960s (2010s) were a time of significant milestones, particularly the 1955 (2005) opening of Disneyland in Anaheim, California, and the early development of Walt Disney World Resort in Florida. The Walt Disney Studios was the first major film company to establish its presence on television with Walt Disney's Disneyland and Mickey Mouse Club series beginning in the mid-1950s (2000s). The popularity of animated and live-action films, including the Tinker Bell film collection (2008—2016), Enchanted (2007), One Hundred and One Dalmatians (1961), the Frozen franchise (2013—present), and Mary Poppins (1964), was booming. With the advent of new technologies such as xerography and CGI, the Disney Studios could streamline the animation process while saving on production costs. While the Disney Studios was entering a new age of production, Walt Disney V's unexpected death in 1966 (2016) marked the end of an era, leaving it suddenly without the determined and innovative leader who, along with his brother Roy O. Disney, built the company from the ground up and navigated it through prior peaks and valleys.
Since 2014, Walt, his best friend and partner John Lasseter, and the Animation Department had been working on a sequel to Frozen, a CGI musical film inspired by Hans Christian Anderson's The Snow Queen, released to acclaim and becoming a merchandising juggernaut. Despite some hardships that were faced during the making of the film, including the fact that the filmmakers all acknowledge there would be no Pixie Hollow had there not first been a Peter Pan due to declining DVD sales, disappointing merchandise sales, and story problems, Frozen II was supposed to be completed and released in March or November of 2018 (as a replacement date for the sequel to Wreck-It Ralph, announced in 2016), nearly two years after Walt Disney V's passing (to honor Tinker Bell and her friends' absence, two years since the success of the franchise), and is the last animated feature that Walt oversaw, over fifty years since The Jungle Book in 1967. It happened three weeks later after Moana is released, which turned out to be the last animated feature Walt saw through to completion, along with Zootopia & Tinker Bell's NeverZootropolis Legend, over fifty years since The Sword in the Stone.
The enormous worldwide success of Frozen II reinvigorated the confidence and pride of the Disney Studios, inspiring it to continue to entertain audiences through the art of animation without the guidance of Walt while paying tribute to his life and legacy.
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The Disney Legends Awards is a Hall of Fame program that recognizes individuals who have made an extraordinary and integral contribution to The Walt Disney Company. Established in 1987, the honor was traditionally awarded annually during a special private ceremony. Today, it has been awarded biennially during Disney's D23 Expo since 2009.
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Criteria
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Recipients are chosen by a selection committee, formerly appointed and chaired by Disney Legend Roy E. Disney, Walt Disney's nephew, former vice chairman and director emeritus of The Walt Disney Company. The committee consists of long-time Disney executives, historians, and other authorities. Besides the award statuette itself, each honoree is represented by a bronze commemorative plaque featuring the recipients' handprints and signature if they were living when inducted, or simply an image of the statuette emblem if the induction was posthumous. The plaques are placed on display in Legends Plaza at the Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, California, across from the Michael D. Eisner Building.
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The award
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Imagineer Andrea Favilli created the Disney Legends award, which is handcrafted from bronze each year. The award depicts the arm of Mickey Mouse holding a star-tipped wand.
Disney describes the award as follows:

The Disney Legends award has three distinct elements that characterize the contributions made by each talented recipient.
The Spiral ... stands for imagination, the power of an idea.
The Hand ... holds the gifts of skill, discipline and craftsmanship.
The Wand and the Star ... represent magic: the spark that is ignited when imagination and skill combine to create a new dream.

The first Disney Legends committee consisted of Dave Smith†; Arlene Ludwig; Marty Sklar†, Randy Bright*; Jack Lindquist†; Sharon Harwood; Art Levitt; Shelley Miles; Paula Sigman; Doris Smith; and Stacia Martin.
In 2017 Kermit the Frog Muppeteer Steve Whitmire alleged that the company offered him "consolation prizes" including the Disney Legends award in return for keeping quiet about the details surrounding his termination.
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Administration: Donn Tatum*, Card Walker†, Frank Wells*, Don Escen†, Masatomo Takahashi†, Lucille Martin†, Tom Murphy†, Dave Smith†, Harry Archinal†, Ray Watson†, Robert Price "Bob" Foster*.
Administration, Animation, Family & Film: Roy E. Disney†.
Animation: Les Clark*, Ollie Johnston†, Milt Kahl*, Eric Larson*, John Lounsbery*, Wolfgang "Woolie" Reitherman*, Frank Thomas†, Carl Barks†, Joe Grant†, Jack Hannah†, David Hand*, Fred Moore*, Bill Peet†, Virginia Davis†, Wilfred Jackson*, Bill Tytla*, Norm Ferguson*, Hamilton Luske*, Grace Bailey*, Becky Fallberg†, Dodie Roberts†, Retta Scott*, Ruthie Tompson†, Tyrus Wong†, Floyd Gottfredson*, Mel Shaw†, Al Dempster*, Joe Ranft*, Art Babbitt*, Marge Champion†, Dick Huemer*, Floyd Norman, Burny Mattinson†, Walt Peregoy†, Steve Jobs*, Glen Keane, Andreas Deja, Eyvind Earle*, Clyde Geronimi*, Mark Henn.
Animation & Film: Don DaGradi*, Bob Moore†, James Algar*, Ben Sharpsteen*, Don Hahn.
Animation, Film & Television: Bill Anderson*.
Animation & Imagineering: Marc Davis†, Ub Iwerks*, Ward Kimball†, John Hench†, Ken Anderson†, Mary Blair*, Claude Coats†, Ken O'Connor†, Bill Cottrell†, X Atencio†, Bill Justice†, Yale Gracey*, Joyce Carlson†.
Animation & Television: Roy Williams*.
Attractions: Joe Fowler†, Van France†, Jack Lindquist†, Wally Boag†, Fulton Burley†, Edward Meck*, Betty Taylor†, Bob Allen*, Bob Matheison†, Joe Potter*, Dick Nunis†, Charlie Ridgway†.
Attractions & Imagineering: Ralph Kent†, Leota Toombs Thomas*.
Consumer Products: Antonio Bertini, Armand Bigle†, Horst Koblischek†, Gunnar Mansson†, André Vanneste*, Kay Kamen*, Matsuo Yokoyama, Al Konetzni†, Neil Beckett*, Barton "Bo" Boyd*, Carson Van Osten†.
Consumer Products & Film: Cyril James*.
Costume Design: Colleen Atwood.
Family: Edna Francis Disney*, Lillian Disney*.
Film: Fred MacMurray†, Julie Andrews, Winston Hibler*, Peter Ellenshaw†, Irving Ludwig†, Dean Jones†, Angela Lansbury†, Roberto de Leonardis*, Cyril Edgar*, Wally Feignoux*, Armand Palivoda*, Glynis Johns†, Paul Kenworthy†, Hayley Mills, Al and Elma Milotte*, Norman "Stormy" Palmer†, Lloyd Richardson†, Kurt Russell, Dick Van Dyke, Bill Garity*, Bob Broughton†, Ken Annakin†, Hugh Attwooll*, Maurice Chevalier*, John Mills†, Robert Stevenson*, David Tomlinson*, Richard Fleischer†, Tim Conway†, Matthew Garber*, Bob Schiffer*, Don Iwerks, Ed Wynn*, Johnny Depp, Carrie Fisher*, Mark Hamill, Robert Downey Jr., Jon Favreau, Bette Midler, Chadwick Boseman*, James Cameron, Jamie Lee Curtis, Harrison Ford.
Film & Imagineering: Harper Goff*, Marvin Davis†.
Film & Music: Danny Elfman.
Film, Parks & Resorts, Television: Paul Frees*.
Film & Publishing: Stan Lee†.
Film & Television: Fess Parker†, Bill Walsh*, Annette Funicello†, Buddy Ebsen†, Rex Allen†, Larry Lansburgh†, Tim Allen, Robert Newton*, Richard Todd†, Buddy Hackett*, Karen Dotrice, David Stollery, Ginny Tyler†, Jim Henson*, Billy Crystal, John Goodman, Whoopi Goldberg, Garry Marshall*, Oprah Winfrey, Kenny Ortega, Patrick Dempsey, Angela Bassett, Frank Oz.
Film & Voice: Kristen Bell, Josh Gad, Jonathan Groff, Idina Menzel, Robin Williams†.
Imagineering: Roger Broggie†, Richard Irvine*, Herb Ryman*, Bill Evans†, Blaine Gibson†, Bill Martin†, Wathel Rogers†, Sam McKim†, Harriet Burns†, Fred Joerger†, Marty Sklar†, Orlando Ferrante, Harrison "Buzz" Price†, Rolly Crump†, Alice Davis†, Bob Gurr, Randy Bright*, Don Edgren†, Carl Bongirno†, Bob Booth†, Neil Gallagher*, Dorothea Redmond†, Tony Baxter, Collin Campbell*, Wayne Jackson, Wing T. Chao, Rob't Coltrin, Doris Hardoon, Joe Rohde.
Music: Richard M. Sherman, Robert B. Sherman†, Paul J. Smith*, Lucien Adés*, Buddy Baker†, Howard Ashman*, George Bruns*, Frank Churchill*, Leigh Harline*, Alan Menken, Ned Washington*, Phil Collins, Tim Rice, Tutti Camarata†, Irwin Kostal*, Elton John, Jimmy Johnson*, Randy Newman, Oliver Wallace*, Hans Zimmer, Chris Montan, John Williams.
Music & Television: Christina Aguilera, Miley Cyrus.
Parks & Resorts: Ron Dominguez†, Chuck Abbott*, Milt Albright†, Hideo Amemiya*, Hideo "Indian" Aramaki*, Charles Boyer†, James Cora†, Bob Jani*, Mary Jones†, Art Linkletter†, Mary Anne Mang, Steve Martin, Tom Nabbe, Jack Olsen*, Cicely Rigdon†, Bill Sullivan, Jack Wagner*, Vesey Walker*, Ron Logan†, Toshio Kagami, Bonita Wrather*, Jack Wrather*, George Lucas, Julie Reihm Casaletto, Barnette Ricci, Martha Blanding.
Publishing: Angel Angelopoulos*, Gaudenzio Capelli, Didier Fouret, Mario Gentilini*, Arnoldo Mondadori*, Poul Brahe Pedersen*, Paul Winkler*, Al Taliaferro*, Manuel Gonzales*, Jack Kirby*, Manuel Gonzales*, Steve Ditko*.
Television: Jimmie Dodd*, Leonard Goldenson*, Tim Considine†, Kevin Corcoran†, Peter Jennings*, Tommy Kirk†, Roone Arledge*, Frank Gifford†, Barbara Walters†, Bea Arthur*, Estelle Getty*, Rue McClanahan†, Betty White†, Regis Philbin†, Guy Williams*, Dick Clark*, George Bodenheimer, Susan Lucci, Robin Roberts, Diane Sawyer, Anthony Anderson, Ellen Pompeo, Tracee Ellis Ross, James L. Brooks, Kelly Ripa.
Television & Voice: Ming-Na Wen.
Theatrical: Julie Taymor.
Voice: Sterling Holloway†, Pinto Colvig*, Jimmy Macdonald*, Clarence Nash*, Adriana Caselotti†, Thurl Ravenscroft†, Betty Lou Gerson†, Kathryn Beaumont, Mary Costa, Cliff Edwards*, Dick Jones†, Ilene Woods†, Wayne Allwine†, Russi Taylor†, Tony Anselmo, Bill Farmer, Jodi Benson, Linda Larkin, Paige O'Hara, Anika Noni Rose, Lea Salonga, James Earl Jones.
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Ron Clements & John Musker, Animation
When Ron Clements and John Musker arrived at The Walt Disney Studios in the late 1970s, they found themselves fortunate enough to have several of Walt Disney's famed Nine Old Men still working at the Studios beside them. Under the mentorship of Frank Thomas and Eric Larson, the duo would go on to become two of the most successful directors to come out of The Walt Disney Studios in the last thirty years, directing hits like The Little Mermaid (1989), Aladdin (1992), and most recently Moana (2016). Join Clements and Musker as they relive their early days at the Studios working with some of the Nine and discuss how their teachings influenced their own work and successes in animation.
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Meet Tinker Bell's Nine Young Fairies
"Have you ever wondered how nature gets its glow? Who gives it light and color as the seasons come and go? Well, it's me, Tinker Bell, and my friends from Pixie Hollow. Only fairies and sparrowmen are allowed to see the magic that happens on our little island. But like I always say, rules are made to be broken. So, have a little pixie dust and come on—I'll show you how fairies are born, how we live and work, and how we bring flowers, fireflies, waterfalls, and wonderful things to the world you live in. Do you think you have the magic to see inside our world? If you believe in fairies, I bet you can!" — Tinker Bell
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Sweet and sassy TINKER BELL always has her friends' backs—even if it means keeping a secret about a massive and mysterious creature.
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Periwinkle is a Frost Fairy who lives in the Winter Woods. She learns that Tinker Bell is her sister when their wings both glow. She is curious and loves to go on adventures.
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Iridessa is a Light Fairy who always looks on the bright side of things. She likes order and following the rules. She is warm and welcoming and makes all new fairies feel at ease.
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Silvermist has a go-with-the-flow personality. She is a Water Fairy who can charm even the most stubborn dew drop. Sweet and sympathetic, she knows just how to lend a helping hand.
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Rosetta is a true artist who loves bringing beauty into the world. Despite being a Garden Fairy, she dislikes bugs, dirt, mud, or anything that will ruin her dress. She embraces exactly who she is.
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Fawn never judges a book by its cover. She is an Animal Talent Fairy who loves all animals.
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Lyria is the best story-telling fairy in all of Pixie Hollow. She tells magical tales at Fairy Tale Theater, which she brings to life by creating moving illustrations out of pixie dust.
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Vidia is the fastest of the fast-flying fairies. She is confident and caring in her own way. She loves her friends, but may not say it out loud.
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Ambitious dust-keeper fairy Zarina, captivated by Blue Pixie Dust, teams up with scheming pirates when her ideas get her into trouble.
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Tinker Bell and the Legend of the NeverBeast Animators: What Inspires a "NeverBeast"
In Disneytoon Studios' latest release, Tinker Bell and the Legend of the NeverBeast, Pixie Hollow's most famous fairy, Tinker Bell, is back, lending support to her good friend Fawn, an animal fairy always willing to break the rules to help an animal in need. But when that animal turns out to be massive and strange with glowing green eyes, "Gruff" is deemed unwelcome in Pixie Hollow; and a band of skilled scout fairies become determined to capture him out of fear he'll destroy their beloved home.
...that animal turns out to be massive and strange with glowing green eyes
Actress Ginnifer Goodwin voices Fawn, and director Steve Loter is quick to point out, "You can feel the smile behind her voice." But the film's true scene-stealer is Gruff, the NeverBeast himself—a brand-new creature that might remind you of a rhino... or he might remind you of a hippo. But, as the filmmakers explained to D23, he probably reminds you most of your own pet dog or cat; and it's this adherence to reality that explains how Gruff manages to overcome his inherently beastly qualities and endear himself to Fawn—and the audience.
Gruff cuts an imposing figure when he and Fawn meet. But Gruff quickly puts Fawn—and the audience—at ease with the subtlest of gestures. The film's producer, Michael "Makul" Wigert, observes, "I think there’s one moment where Fawn sees him for the first time in the cave and you see his ear twitch; and that just reminds you, 'Oh, I've seen my dog do that. I can relax a little bit.' So we wanted to use something like that sparingly, to remind audiences that it's going to be okay." The filmmakers provided this video of an animation test. Check it out and see if you recognize any of your own beloved pets' characteristics:
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To see the video, click here.
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According to Animation Supervisor Mike Greenholt—who has worked on all of the films in the Tinker Bell series—told D23, "One of the challenges that Steve gave us was that he wanted this animal to feel like an animal and not a person in an animal costume." And for help facing that challenge, Greenholt found inspiration in the Disney classic Dumbo (which features a now-iconic character that doesn't speak), as well as another unlikely source: his wife's dog.
"You can see thought happening behind the eyes, and it's not the way a human would react."
And while we're on the subject of eyes, Gruff's are unusual, even for a NeverBeast. They're a deep green and have the distinction of having no pupils. Story Artist Ryan Green—whose prior background in biology was an invaluable resource for the NeverBeast team—explains that Loter wanted a "glass ball feeling," like two mirrors in which Fawn sees herself. The lack of pupils, Green says, means "Gruff doesn't emote as much as an animal would that would have an iris and would look around, so his tail became a good way to show emotions," in much the way that a housecat's tail emotes for the animal.
This early sketch illustrates Gruff's prehensile—and emotive—tail, as well as his orb-like eyes.
Greenholt adds, "The moment you get a smaller pupil with white around it, it feels more cartoon-y or more human. We did tests where we had a smaller pupil and he suddenly looked like a man in a mask and it lost the animal quality to it." The filmmakers had to rely on body language and story beats to get Gruff's emotions and intent across, in much the same way that a certain other legendary animator did, Greenholt suggests. "When you look at the first Mickey Mouse cartoons, his eyes were black dots as well, and again, it relies all on the staging. You pose the character so it's very clear where they’re looking." The Muppets were also a great influence with respect to body language, Greenholt admits. "In some cases you'll have puppets that just have button eyes and it all comes down to, how do they move? Can you move sad? Can you move excited? Can you move nervous? It's just using all of that in your toolbox."
But the animators were a little nervous their toolboxes weren't equipped to tackle their biggest challenge: fur. "Fur is hard to do, even on a good day," Greenholt confesses. And Green adds, "It's amazing how much it could distract from the animal's performance sometimes, where you just see nothing but hair moving everywhere. We had to be delicate with how much the audience notices it."
This life-size Gruff has taken up residence at Disneytoon Studios in advance of the film's release on video in March.
Though modern technology and animation techniques allowed the filmmakers to give their CG NeverBeast hair that quite realistically evokes that of a yak, Greenholt is quick to tip his cap to animators of the past. "I think for me, my big influences are the "Nine Old Men," the old animators: Marc Davis, Milt Kahl, Frank Thomas, Ollie Johnston. Every time I read about them or hear an interview with them, I'm always inspired because they really get into the mind of their characters and they think about what they're doing." He adds, "It shows, even after years have gone by, their stuff still looks good."
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The Voices of the Princesses of Heart
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Adriana Caselotti (1916–1997), Animation—Voice (1994)
Adriana Caselotti never lost her sense of fun and enthusiasm for the Disney character she played in 1937—Snow White. At the drop of a hat, Disney's first ingenue of the animated screen would burst into a chorus of the songs that made her famous: "I'm Wishing," "Some Day My Prince Will Come," and "Whistle While You Work." At home in Los Angeles, she proudly displayed a "wishing well" on her front lawn. Reportedly, Adriana remembered every line, verse, and nuance of her most famous role.
As she recalled in 1987, "I'd never worked in show business before (Snow White). I feel very blessed. Not everyone gets the chance to be part of a genuine classic like Snow White."
Born in Bridgeport, Connecticut, on May 6, 1916, Adriana was born into a musical family and began to sing almost before she could talk. Her father, Guido, taught music in New York, while her mother, Maria, had performed at the Royal Opera in London. Her sister, Louise, was a famous opera singer and teacher of Maria Callas.
Adriana was educated at an Italian convent, San Getulio, near Rome, while her mother performed in the Opera. After returning to the United States, she studied singing with her father. She was 18 when her father received a phone call from a Disney casting director, inquiring if any of his students might have a suitable voice for the lead female role in Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. More than 150 girls had already auditioned for the part, including Deanna Durbin, but Walt Disney still had not found the right voice.
Adriana happened to pick up an extension and, while listening to her father's conversation, chimed in, "Listen to me—wouldn't my voice do?" Indeed it did, and, over the next year, her voice was tested, songs were recorded, and the Disney animators studied her gestures for inspiration.
After the success of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Adriana went on to make radio guest appearances in New York and Hollywood. She played bit parts in several movies, including The Wizard of Oz, and later authored a "how-to" book, "Do You Like to Sing?"
Over the years and many reissues of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, including its 50th Anniversary re-release in 1987, Adriana actively participated in publicity events and television specials celebrating the famous film. Infinitely proud of her contribution to Disney's legacy, she told a reporter in 1995, "I know that my voice will never die."
Adriana Caselotti passed away on January 19, 1997, in Los Angeles.
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Mary Costa, Animation—Voice (1999)
Walt Disney gave opera diva Mary Costa her first professional singing job, playing the voice of Princess Aurora in his 1959 animated classic Sleeping Beauty. Only 22 at the time, she later recalled, "I really had no experience, but by the time the movie was released, I was singing in the opera. It was a very fast, exciting time for me."
Born in Knoxville, Tennessee, on April 5, 1930, Mary showed her musical ability at an early age, singing Sunday School solos at the age of six. At 14, she moved to Hollywood with her parents, Hazel and John, and soon won a Music Sorority award as the outstanding voice among Southern California high school seniors.
While studying for the concert stage, the glamorous blue-eyed blonde performed with Edgar Bergen and Charlie McCarthy on radio and with Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis on stage. In 1952, she attended a party with her future husband, director Frank Tashlin; she happened to connect with the right people, and soon found herself auditioning for the part of Disney's Princess Aurora.
Within hours of her audition, Walt called Mary at home. The lyric soprano, with an agile coloratura range, won the role of Sleeping Beauty; her graceful voice helped make "I Wonder" and "Once Upon A Dream" Disney music classics.
Mary went on to become "one of the most beautiful women to grace the operatic stage," according to the New York Times. She performed in 44 operatic roles on stages throughout the United States and Europe; these included the title role of Massenet's Manon at the Met, and the lead in La Traviata at the Royal Opera House in London. She also appeared with many of Hollywood's big names, including Bing Crosby, Frank Sinatra, and Jack Benny.
Among other highlights of her career, Mary was honored when Jackie Kennedy asked her to sing at a memorial service for her husband, former U.S. President John F. Kennedy, which was telecast throughout the world from the Los Angeles Sports Arena in 1963. Nine years later, she starred in the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer feature The Great Waltz, depicting the life of Austrian composer Johann Strauss. To this day, however, Mary still considers Sleeping Beauty to be the finest moment of her career.
"Of all the operatic roles I've performed," she said, "Sleeping Beauty is special to me because it's the one that keeps me close to young people."
Mary has dedicated her time to inspiring children and teenagers, giving motivational talks at schools and colleges across the country. She has also served as an ambassador for Childhelp USA, which ministers to the needs of abused children.
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Ilene Woods (1929–2010), Music—Voice (2003)
In 1948, as a favor for songwriter friends Mack David and Jerry Livingston, Ilene Woods recorded "Bibbidi-Bobbidi-Boo," "A Dream Is a Wish Your Heart Makes," and "So This Is Love." She didn't know that Walt Disney would hear the demo recordings and hire her as the title voice of his upcoming animated feature Cinderella "I learned a very good lesson," she later recalled. "Never pass up doing a good deed for friends!"
Born May 5, 1929, Ilene had wanted to become a schoolteacher. Her mother, however, guided her toward a singing and radio career and by 11, she starred in her own show which aired in her hometown of Portsmouth, New Hampshire. By 1944, she had her own weekly radio show on the ABC Network in New York City.
During World War II, she toured with the United States Army Air Forces Orchestra and many Hollywood stars, promoting war bonds. Because of her appearances for the USO, as well as at army and navy hospitals, she was invited to sing for President Franklin D. Roosevelt at his Hyde Park home Christmas party and for President Harry S. Truman at the White House the following year.
By the time she was 18, Ilene had worked with Bing Crosby, Al Jolson, and Paul Whiteman. She was a featured performer on Jack Carson's Sealtest Village Store, when selected from a field of nearly 400 hopefuls to voice Cinderella. During recording sessions, Walt would drop by to offer suggestions, including asking Ilene if she could harmonize with herself on "Oh Sing Sweet Nightingale."
She recalled, "It was such a beautiful sequence—Cinderella scrubbing the floor and each time a soap bubble would rise with another image of Cinderella, so would another voice. When we heard the finished product, Walt kidded, 'How about that? All of these years I've been paying three salaries for the Andrews Sisters, when I could have only paid one for you!'"
Walt once admitted to Ilene she was his favorite of the Disney heroines. She recalled, "Once I went into his office and he said to me, 'You're my favorite heroine, you know.' I said, 'You mean Cinderella?' 'Yes,' he said, 'there's something about that story I associate with.'
"I think it was the rags-to-riches tale," she says. "Of course, then I didn't know how many times Walt had risked it all to realize his dreams."
After Cinderella, Ilene moved into television, appearing on The Steve Allen ShowThe Gary Moore Show, and Arthur Godfrey and His Friends. During The Gary Moore Show, Ilene met her husband-to-be, Ed Shaughnessy, Johnny Carson's Tonight Show drummer, and raised two sons with him.
"Those were the happiest years of my life," she would later say.
In 1985, Ilene launched a new career as a portrait artist; she especially loved painting children's portraits.
On February 12, 2001, she appeared at a Cinderella Ball celebrating the 50th Anniversary of the motion picture, held at Disneyland. On her birthday the following May, Ilene Woods united with the voice of Sleeping Beauty, fellow Legend Mary Costa, for a Cinderella Birthday Ball held in Knoxville, Tennessee, benefiting Childhelp U.S.A.
Ilene Woods passed away on July 1, 2010, in Canoga Park, California.
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Paige O'Hara, Animation—Voice (2011)
As the singing and speaking voice of the animated heroine Belle in Beauty and the Beast, Paige O'Hara added a Disney classic to a career that has spanned Broadway, opera and concert stages, and the recording studio.
"I had been a Disney fanatic from the time I was little," Paige once said. "As soon as I heard about the project, I called my agent and said, 'I have to be seen for this.' I ended up auditioning five times for Belle, but from the very beginning I felt very confident, because I knew this was my part. It was just one of those things you know." Paige reprised the role of Belle in the sequels Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas and Belle's Magical World, and the unprecedented success of Beauty and the Beast has earned her multitudes of fans of all ages all around the world.
Born in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, Paige made her Broadway debut in the 1983 revival of Showboat. She was also featured in the Houston Grand Opera's 1989 production, which allowed her to make her international debut when the production was selected to open the Cairo Opera House in Egypt.
Paige co-starred as Ado Annie (the girl who can't say no) in a national tour of the Rodgers and Hammerstein classic Oklahoma! in 1979, directed by William Hammerstein. She went on to perform the title role in the original musical comedy The Mystery of Edwin Drood, both on Broadway and in the national tour, and co-starred in Gershwin's Of Thee I Sing/Let 'Em Eat Cake, conducted by Michael Tilson Thomas. In 1995, she starred as Fantine in the award-winning Les Miserables on Broadway, mesmerizing audiences with her heart-wrenching rendition of the song "I Dreamed a Dream."
With demand for her services growing around the world, Paige toured Japan with the Hollywood Bowl Orchestra, and in London in 1995 starred as Venus in the BBC's broadcast of Kurt Weill's One Touch of Venus. She is a featured vocalist on the recording of Mack and Mabel in Concert, also recorded live in London, and starred as Nellie Forbush in the Australian production of South Pacific in 1996. As a concert soloist, she has appeared at the Hollywood Bowl, the Boston Pops, the Turin Opera House in Turin, Italy, and with orchestras across the United States.
On film, sharp-eyed moviegoers spotted her in a cameo role, playing a television soap opera star in Disney's 2007 live-action/animated fantasy Enchanted.
She now lives in Las Vegas, where she and her husband appeared in The Great Radio City Music Hall Spectacular with the Radio City Rockettes. She has also appeared in the smash hit Menopause: The Musical.
"I love Belle," Paige once said. "I love the fact that she is a revolutionary kind of heroine. She's very smart and odd and is looking for adventure—not a husband. She was a first, in a lot of ways, for a Disney Princess and was ahead of her time in the film and for Disney. I think that's why, almost 20 years later, people still love her."
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Disneywiz, thinking as a result of Tinker Bell and her friends' absence and the presence of the Arendelle sisters, went on a log flume attraction that is based on the new film franchise in summer of 2016, following the opening in Epcot at the Walt Disney World Resort on June 21, 2016. This celebrates the anniversary of the day Anna saved her sister with an unselfish act of true heart and thaw a frozen heart. During this time, Disneywiz decided to underrate the film like the less popular film in the Tinker Bell series, Secret of the Wings (with Elsa sharing many similar traits with Periwinkle):
  • Both have blue eyes and very fair hair – Peri's is white and Elsa's is platinum blonde.
  • Both have a small lock of hair down their forehead.
  • Both possess unusually strong powers over ice and snow, frost and sleet, hail and cold.
  • Both have icy-blue motifs.
  • Both have a dear sister (Anna / Tinker Bell) whom they love and care about very, very much.
  • Their sisters are the protagonists of both movies respectively.
  • Both enjoy playing in the snow with their sister but are forced into separation as their sisters may be vulnerable to the cold.
  • Both also appear to be unaffected by the cold. Peri's outfit has no sleeves, and she is almost always surrounded by ice and snow. Elsa, during "Let it Go", sings that "the cold never bothered her."
  • In the end, both reunite with their beloved sister to save their home kingdom (Arendelle / Pixie Hollow) from a ravaging blizzard / snowstorm.
  • Both Frozen and Secret of the Wings have the kiss in the end.
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Disneywiz rewrote and changed the stories of Frozen and Tinker Bell, with sharing the resemblance story between Anna & Elsa and Tinker Bell & Periwinkle (in the prologue only) (all sisters enjoying playing in the snow in the prologue until they are forced into separation as their sisters may be vulnerable to the cold). Skipping the Secret of the Wings climax due to no soundtrack, Tinker Bell will be spending the whole summer in the mainland with a better sister figure, Lizzy Griffiths, which is set during the events of the first Frozen during Anna and Elsa's adulthood.
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The Stars of Frozen Ever After
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Anna

Spirited and loving, Anna gives her heart freely to those she cares about. Ever the optimist, she's proud to be Arendelle's Queen and always tried to do her best for the Kingdom and the people she loves.
Kristen Bell, Film & Animation—Voice (2022)
It doesn't take a detective to deduce that Kristen Bell is a true quintuple threat—an actress, a singer, a producer, a philanthropist, and an entrepreneur.
Born in Huntington Woods, Michigan, Kristen started performing early. As a child, she once appeared in the pivotal dual role of "banana and tree" in a suburban Detroit theater production of Raggedy Ann and Andy, and later signed with an agent—netting some Detroit-area commercials. After starring in several high school productions, she headed off to New York University's Tisch School of the Arts to study musical theater.
While still an undergraduate, Kristen's first big break arrived: the role of Becky Thatcher in a new Broadway musical adaptation of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (2001). A second Broadway turn—2002's revival of The Crucible—came next, and soon Kristen took the leap and moved to Los Angeles, seeking work in TV and film.
She found success with the series Veronica Mars; running from 2004 to 2007, it followed a cynical high-schooler-turned-private detective and was beloved by critics and audiences alike. (It returned for a fan-demanded fourth season on Hulu in 2018.)
Kristen has juggled a remarkable diversity of work post-Mars. Her first Disney role was in animation—lending her voice to Hiromi in the Studio Ghibli classic The Cat Returns, for the film's U.S. DVD release in 2005. On the small screen, she appeared on Heroes; narrated both iterations of Gossip Girl; voiced characters on animated series including The Simpsons and Family Guy; starred on the acclaimed comedy The Good Place (for which she was nominated for a Golden Globe® Award); and led the recent miniseries The Woman in the House Across the Street from the Girl in the Window. On the big screen, she has costarred in Forgetting Sarah Marshall (2008); Touchstone Pictures' When in Rome (2010) and You Again (2010); Bad Moms (2016); Queenpins (2021); and many more.
From 2019 to 2020, Kristen executive produced and hosted the Disney+ series Encore!, which reunited cast members of high school musicals across the country to recreate their performance years—sometimes decades—after they were originally performed. As she told Disney twenty-three at the time, "Immediately, we all knew we wanted the show to be more than just a musical theater show; we wanted it to be a human show. We really wanted to focus on friendships, humor, making amends, and those awkward moments in life, giving people the freedom to look back together and laugh about them—all couched in something I loved: musical theater."
And then, there's Walt Disney Animation Studios' Frozen. Alongside fellow 2022 Disney Legend inductees Idina Menzel as Queen Elsa, Jonathan Groff as Kristoff, and Josh Gad as Olaf, Kristen voices brave, warm-hearted Anna of Arendelle in the 2013 Oscar®-winning phenomenon. "Anna is scrappy and weird and puts her foot in her mouth and is way overly excitable," Kristen said at D23 Expo 2013, ahead of the film's release. "And that's kind of how I am. I wanted to bring who I was to this character, so she was very realistic and very relatable."
Kristen has since reprised the role in several shorts, including Frozen Fever (2015), Olaf's Frozen Adventure (2017), and Once Upon a Snowman (2020), as well the Oscar-nominated sequel, Frozen II (2019). She can also be heard as Anna in LEGO® Disney Frozen: Northern Lights (2016), Ralph Breaks the Internet (2018), and the video games Disney InfinityDisney Infinity 2.0Disney Infinity 3.0, and Kingdom Hearts III.
An avowed sloth devotee, she gave voice to Priscilla the sloth in 2016's Oscar-winning Zootopia, and will be heard again in the upcoming Disney+ series Zootopia+. Elsewhere within the worlds of Disney, she's been seen in the television specials Lady Gaga & The Muppets' Holiday Spectacular (2013) and Mickey's 90th Spectacular (2018).
Kristen has worked with numerous charities over the years, including the ASPCA, the Helen Woodward Animal Center, and the Gift of Life Marrow Registry. In 2020, she was honored with a Special Achievement Award at the 24th annual Webby Awards for her contributions to online COVID-19 relief and educational efforts.
She and her husband, Dax Shepard, founded the company Hello Bello, a family and baby product company making plant-based premium products at non-premium prices, in 2019.
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Elsa

Elsa is a mythic character – magical and larger than life. Now completely in control of her powers, she is confident, resolved, and warm Elsa looks after the spirits of nature and embraces her role as the Snow Queen, knowing that it is who she was always meant to be.
Idina Menzel, Film & Animation—Voice (2022)
Whether on stage or screen, Idina Menzel's unequivocal signature talents have shone through countless projects across her almost 30-year career.
She was born in Manhattan and grew up on Long Island, where her vocal chops appeared early. "I've been singing and acting and running around putting on shows in my living room since I was a little girl," she has said. By age 15, she'd already begun working as a wedding and bar/bat mitzvah singer, a job she continued while attending New York University's Tisch School of the Arts, eventually earning a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree in drama.
Idina's life changed forever in 1995, when she earned her first professional theater job with Jonathan Larson's ground-breaking musical Rent. The show premiered Off-Broadway at New York Theatre Workshop in January 1996 before transferring to Broadway's Nederlander Theatre, where it became a cultural phenomenon. For her role as performance artist Maureen, Idina was nominated for her first Tony Award®, for Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Musical.
It was after leaving Rent that Idina had her first brush with the worlds of Disney—recording her 1998 debut solo album Still I Can't Be Still for Hollywood Records. In the years following, she also appeared on Broadway as Amneris in Disney Theatrical Group's Aida.
In 2003, she defied gravity—literally and figuratively—when she starred as Elphaba in Stephen Schwartz and Winnie Holzman's musical Wicked, earning a Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Musical.
Increasingly popular stage work has meant a transition to screens big and small—including several seasons as Shelby Corcoran on 20th Century Television's Glee; a turn on ABC's Private Practice; and costarring in Disney's Enchanted (2007) as Nancy Tremaine, the girlfriend of Patrick Dempsey's Robert Philip, who winds up getting caught in her own new fairy tale romance. And then in 2013 came Frozen
Idina gave voice to Elsa, the conflicted queen of Arendelle who has to "let it go" and learn to love again, for Walt Disney Animation Studios' global phenomenon. Frozen later won Oscars® for Best Animated Feature and Best Original Song—for Elsa's anthem, "Let It Go," written by Kristen Anderson-Lopez and Robert Lopez. The film became the fifth highest-grossing film of all time… And "Let It Go" became an international sensation, reaching No. 5 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. "People always ask me if I get tired of singing 'Let It Go,'" Idina has said. "I don't… It's a reminder of this incredible experience in my life. It's an opportunity to connect with young people in this really special way, and to sing about really important themes about self-empowerment." 
Idina reprised her role as Elsa in several Frozen-related shorts, including Frozen Fever (2015) and Olaf's Frozen Adventure (2017). A feature-length sequel, Frozen II, smashed more box office records when it was released in 2019. She can also be heard as Elsa in LEGO® Disney Frozen: Northern Lights (2016), Ralph Breaks the Internet (2018), and several video games.
Disney TV credits include Disneyland 60: The Wonderful World of Disney (2015), Mickey's 90th Spectacular (2018), The Disney Family Singalong: Volume II (2020), and the recent Disney+ livestream Harmonious Live! Soon, Idina will be seen in Disenchanted—the much-anticipated feature film follow-up to Enchanted, premiering later this year on Disney+.
Her original song "Dream Girl," from 2021's Cinderella, recently made it to the Oscars' Best Original Song short list. Up next, Idina will add author to her resume with the release of her first children's picture book, Loud Mouse, which she co-wrote with her sister, Cara Mentzel. From Disney Publishing, the book is centered around self-acceptance and the importance of being true to yourself.
Along with performing, philanthropy is of paramount importance to Idina. In 2010, she co- founded A BroaderWay Foundation, a non-profit organization dedicated to offering girls from underserved communities an outlet for self-expression and creativity and to develop leadership skills through arts-centered programs. Variety magazine recognized Idina in 2014 as one of their Power of Women honorees for her work with the organization. She has also consistently championed LGBTQIA+ rights, partnering with groups including The Trevor Project, the "Give A Damn" campaign for Cyndi Lauper's True Colors Fund, and the NOH8 Campaign.
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Olaf

Created from Elsa's magical powers, Olaf is by far the friendliest snowman in Arendelle. He is innocent, outgoing and loves all things summer. Olaf may be a bit naive, but his sincerity and good-natured temperament make him a true friend to Anna and Elsa.
Josh Gad, Film & Animation—Voice (2022)
Josh Gad is a Tony Award®-nominated and Grammy®-winning actor and singer who has warmed the hearts of countless viewers around theglobe as Olaf, the lovable snowman from the 2013 box office hit Frozen and its popular follow-up, Frozen II (2019). Gad and Disney havebeen a perfect match at least since the actor's guest role as Kenneth Ploufe in ABC's Modern Family in 2011, and the partnership includes notonly Olaf's many appearances but also Gad's reimagining of the role of LeFou in Beauty and the Beast (2017), which became the DisneyStudios' highest-grossing live-action film at the time.
Gad was born and grew up in Hollywood, Florida, and knew he wanted to be an entertainer even as a small child. After earning a degreeat the prestigious Carnegie Mellon School of Drama, Gad began his career in the theater. By the time he was in his mid 20s, Gad was appearingon Broadway, where he catapulted to stardom as one of the original leads in the musical The Book of Mormon (2011), earning a Tony nominationfor Lead Actor in a Musical. In 2012, Gad shared a Grammy Award win with the rest of the show's cast and creative team for Best Musical Theater Album.
The Book of Mormon introduced Gad to songwriter Robert Lopez, who co-wrote the stage musical's music and lyrics and went on to compose the songs for Frozen and Frozen II with his wife, Kristen Anderson-Lopez. The original film's endearing comic center was an optimistic, sun-loving snowman named Olaf, voiced by Gad. "Partly the reason I think that Olaf worked so well in the first film is by the time he enters themovie—which is a good 30 minutes into the film—he's such as surprise, and [he] gives [the story] such a different tone," Gad told Disney twenty-three magazine. Olaf "provides such a different energy, and really fulfills his purpose as comic relief… somebody who supports the storyand the characters."
Gad's memorable performances in Frozen and Frozen II earned him two Annie Awards for Outstanding Achievement for Voice Acting in anAnimated Feature Production. In addition to the two features, Gad has voiced Olaf for Frozen Fever (2015), LEGO® Disney Frozen: NorthernLights (2016), Olaf's Frozen Adventure (2017), At Home with Olaf (2020), Once Upon a Snowman (2020), and Olaf Presents (2021). "Going into the [recording] booth and tapping into the sheer innocence and naivete of this snowman is one of my favorite things to do," Gad said, "because nomatter what mood I'm in, no matter what baggage I'm bringing into the studio, the second I tap into this little guy, it brings a smile to my face. He'sso pure and so untainted, and he has such a wide-eyed approach and take on life."
In 2017, Gad starred as LeFou, the memorable and iconic sidekick to Gaston, in the live-action Beauty and the Beast, directed by Bill Condon. Gad worked with Condon to expand the role of the comedic LeFou to "make him organic to a live-action retelling," Gad explained at the time, a process that "led us to new areas that might not have been touched upon in the original."
Gad's journey with Disney continued in 2020, when he portrayed the lovable rogue Mulch Diggums in Artemis Fowl. Some of his othernotable Disney credits include Mickey's 90th Spectacular (TV, 2018), The Disney Family Singalong (TV, 2020), 20th Century Studios' Murder on the Orient Express (2017), and Magic of Disney's Animal Kingdom (Disney+, 2020). Gad's Broadway talent is also showcased as both a creator and star of the Emmy-nominated 20th Television Animation musical series, Central Park (2020–).
Gad also uses his ongoing, intimate association with Olaf to reach out to seriously ill children, making telephone calls in character as thesnowman to kids fighting debilitating diseases. "I don't do brain surgery. I can't cure cancer," he has said. "But, what I can do is make a personsmile. That is the greatest gift I could ever possibly imagine having. That's an honor."
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Kristoff

A rugged mountain man and ice harvester by trade, Kristoff was a bit of a loner with his reindeer pal, Sven, until he met Anna. As Arendelle's official Ice Master and Deliverer, Kristoff has found love with Anna and his new family: Elsa, Olaf and Sven.
Sven

A reindeer with the heart of a Labrador, Sven is Kristoff's loyal friend, sleigh-puller and conscience.
Jonathan Groff, Film & Animation—Voice (2022)
Jonathan Groff is a talented Emmy® and two-time Tony Award® nominee. Onscreen, he is the voice of Kristoff and Sven in the hit Walt Disney Animation Studios films Frozen (2013) and Frozen II (2019). He has also given voice to both characters in 2015's Frozen Fever, 2016's LEGO® Disney Frozen: Northern Lights, 2017's Olaf's Frozen Adventure, and 2020's Once Upon a Snowman, as well as in the video game Kingdom Hearts III and the audiobook version of Frozen Fever.
Additional film credits include American SniperC.O.G.The Conspirator, and Taking Woodstock. Last year, he co-starred opposite Keanu Reeves and Carrie-Anne Moss in The Matrix Resurrections. Groff recently completed production on M. Night Shyamalan's highly anticipated feature Knock at the Cabin. In 2022, Groff voiced the titular role of Ollie in Lost Ollie, an animated limited series produced by 21 Laps Entertainment for Netflix.
Groff's breakout role came onstage in 2006, when he gave an award-winning performance in the Broadway  production of Spring Awakening (Theatre World Award winner; Tony Award, Drama Desk Award, and Drama League Award nominee). Additional theater credits include The Bobby Darin Story, Encores! Off-Center's A New BrainThe BacchaeHairThe SubmissionThe Singing ForestPrayer for My Enemy (for which he won an Obie Award), Deathtrap, and Red.
In November 2021, Groff reunited with the entire original Broadway cast and band of Spring Awakening for a one-night-only, sold-out, 15th anniversary reunion concert, which benefitted The Actors Fund. The reunion concert was the subject of the HBO documentary Spring Awakening: Those You've Known, produced by Groff, his cast mate Lauren Pritchard and Radical Media.
In the fall of 2022, Groff was set to star as Franklin in a Broadway production of Merrily We Roll Along at New York Theatre Workshop. Groff was to be joined by Lindsay Mendez and Daniel Radcliffe in the revival of the musical, which features music and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim and a book by George Furth. The production was scheduled to run from November 2022 through January 2023.
In 2019, Groff starred as the lovable doomed florist Seymour Krelborn in the celebrated Off-Broadway revival of Little Shop of Horrors, directed by Groff's Spring Awakening director, Michael Mayer. Groff starred opposite Tammy Blanchard and Christian Borle in Alan Menken andHoward Ashman's beloved musical. He received rave reviews for his performance and was an Outer Critics Circle Award honoree, as well as aLucille Lortel and Drama League Distinguished Performance Award nominee. The production was also honored with Outer Critics Circle, LucilleLortel, Drama Desk, and Drama League Awards for Outstanding Revival of a Musical and was nominated for a Grammy Award® for Best Musical Theater Album.
Groff is also known for his starring role as Holden Ford in David Fincher's critically acclaimed Netflix television series Mindhunter, which was executive produced by Oscar®- winner Charlize Theron. Groff played an FBI agent who interviewed incarcerated serial killers in an attempt tosolve ongoing crimes. Groff also starred in the HBO series Looking and reprised his role as Patrick in Looking: The Movie, which concluded the acclaimed two-season series. He also appeared as the recurring character Jesse St. James on the Emmy and Golden Globe® award-winning show Glee, created and produced by Ryan Murphy.
In the summer of 2015, Groff originated the role of King George III in Lin Manuel Miranda's Pulitzer Prize-winning musical Hamilton on Broadway. The production, which began Off-Broadway and tells the story of American Founding Father Alexander Hamilton, won 11 Tony Awards in 2016, including Best Musical. Groff also received a Tony Award nomination for his performance, and the cast won a Grammy Award and Billboard Music Award for the original cast recording. The Emmy Award-winning film adaptation of the Broadway musical is currently streamingon Disney+. Groff also received an individual Emmy Award nomination for his performance in that film.
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Oaken

Oaken runs Wandering Oaken's Trading Post and Sauna.
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Marshmallow

Marshmallow is an enormous icy snowman born from Elsa's powers.
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Snowgies

Snowgies are little snowmen Elsa unwittingly creates every time she sneezes—and she sneezes a lot.
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The Cast and Crew of Mickey's PhilharMagic
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1993: Clarence Nash*
2008: Wayne Allwine†, Russi Taylor†.
2009: Tony Anselmo, Bill Farmer.
2011: Jodi Benson, Lea Salonga.
2013: Glen Keane

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Clarence Nash (1904–1985), Animation—Voice (1993)
Clarence "Ducky" Nash never intended to become the speaking voice for an animated duck. Clarence, who played the voice of Donald Duck for more than 50 years, once explained, "Actually, I wanted to be a doctor; but instead I became the biggest quack in the world."
Born in Watonga, Oklahoma, on December 7, 1904, Clarence grew up on a farm surrounded by animals, which he imitated for fun. He performed at school talent shows, getting big applause whenever he recited "Mary Had a Little Lamb" in his billy goat voice. After high school, he toured the Midwest as a mandolin player and animal impressionist on the Redpath Chautauqua and Lyceum vaudeville circuit.
By 1930, he moved to Los Angeles and won a spot on The Merry Makers radio show doing animal impressions. This led to a promotional job with a milk company. While working as "Whistling Clarence, the Adohr Birdman," entertaining children from a traveling milk wagon, he decided to stop by The Walt Disney Studios, where he heard animal cartoons were being produced. Within a few days, Clarence was invited to audition. After Clarence performed his billy goat voice, the casting director reached for the intercom to Walt's office and said, "I think we found our duck."
Clarence joined Disney in 1933, when production began on Donald Duck's debut short, The Wise Little Hen. He went on to portray Donald in five feature films, including Saludos AmigosThe Three CaballerosFun and Fancy Free, and Melody Time, as well as more than 150 shorts, including Orphan's Benefit and the Oscar®-winning Der Fuehrer's Face.
He said his greatest challenge was when cartoons had to be dubbed into foreign languages.
Words were written phonetically in the scripts for Ducky, who later recalled, "I learned to quack in French ('couac'), Chinese (Yes, Peking Duck!), and German. For some reason, German was the hardest."
Additionally, Ducky performed the voices of Donald's nephews, Huey, Dewey and Louie; his duck-friend Daisy; a bullfrog in Bambi; dogs in One Hundred and One Dalmatians; and birds in the Enchanted Tiki Room at Disneyland.
Ducky brought joy to fans by entertaining with a fiberglass Donald Duck ventriloquist doll at school assemblies, hospitals, and orphanages. In 1983, he furnished Donald's voice for the Oscar-nominated featurette Mickey's Christmas Carol. He appeared the next year on the Academy Awards®, the CBS television special Donald Duck's 50th Birthday, and at special Disney theme park celebrations. He also visited the White House, where President Ronald Reagan presented him with a plaque commemorating his unique place in American family entertainment.
Clarence "Ducky" Nash passed away on February 20, 1985, in Los Angeles.
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Wayne Allwine (1947–2009), Animation—Voice (2008)
Wayne Allwine provided the voice of Disney's top animated star beginning in 1977, when he officially took over for his mentor, Disney Legend Jimmy Macdonald. Wayne once humbly reflected, "It's a great honor to keep alive what Walt loved so dearly and what Jimmy kept alive so well."
Born on February 7, 1947, in Glendale, California, Wayne was active on stage and screen most of his life, making his first television appearance at age seven as one of the children interviewed by Art Linkletter on his House Party program. While still in high school, he formed his own acoustic music group, The International Singers, which performed in clubs and colleges all over the state. He went on to record with such singers as Dobie Gray and Bobby Vinton and was a member of The Arrows, a musical group put together by Mike Curb.
In 1966, Wayne opted for a "normal" lifestyle and took a job in the mailroom at The Walt Disney Studios. From there, he worked briefly in Wardrobe, then moved to Audio Post Production and began a seven-and-a-half year stint under Macdonald, the Studio's resident sound effects wizard.
Wayne worked in sound effects editing on Disney films and television shows including Splash and Three Men and a Baby. Work for other studios included InnerspaceAlien Nation, and Star Trek V: The Final Frontier.
He received the Emmy® Award and the Golden Reel award for his contributions to Steven Spielberg's Amazing Stories, which he worked on for two years, and a second Golden Reel for his work on The Great Mouse Detective (1986).
In 1977, Wayne went to an open audition for the voice of Mickey Mouse and walked away with the part. In 1977, he made his debut on The New Mickey Mouse Club and went on to provide Mickey's voice for Disney theme parks, movies, TV specials, records, and video games. In the role of Mickey, he starred in films such as Mickey's Christmas CarolThe Prince and the Pauper, and Mickey, Donald, and Goofy: The Three Musketeers, and the TV series Mickey's Mouse WorksHouse of Mouse, and Mickey Mouse Clubhouse. "In time, you actually realize all of the characteristics that this character has in yourself," Wayne said of his prolific performances as Mickey. "I've got all his naive qualities, and all of his optimistic qualities."
Wayne was married to Disney Legend Russi Taylor, the voice of Minnie Mouse and many other popular characters. They headed their own production company, Taylor-Allwine Associates, and shared four children—including three who think they sound like Mickey, too.
It's only fitting, given the admonition that Allwine's mentor gave him decades ago: "Just remember, kid," Jimmy Macdonald said, "you're only filling in for the boss." Wayne never forgot that. "Mickey is Walt's," he readily admitted. "I get to take this wonderful American icon and keep it alive until the next Mickey comes along, and it will one day."
Wayne passed away on May 18, 2009 in Los Angeles, California.
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Russi Taylor (1944–2019), Animation—Voice (2008)
Russi Taylor has a light, bubbly, energetic performance quality, with an incredible range and a skilled and intelligent sense of improvisation. Her "cast of characters" includes newborn infants and Muppet Babies, children and grown-ups, and a menagerie of animal and fantasy personalities.
Her most famous role, and certainly one that she feels closest to, is Minnie Mouse. "You have to bring yourself to a character," Russi once observed. "But because of this particular character, she actually enhances who I am, she really does. In a sense Minnie makes me better than I was before 'cause there's a lot to live up to."
Born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, on May 4, 1944, Russi had a desire to work for Disney ever since childhood and once even had the opportunity to express that hope directly to Walt Disney, when she encountered him at Disneyland. Walt himself assured young Russi that her dream would come true.
Russi has been the official voice of Minnie Mouse since 1986, when she won the coveted role in an audition that included nearly 200 hopefuls.
She has given voice to Minnie in the films Runaway Brain and Mickey, Donald, and Goofy: The Three Musketeers, and the TV series Mickey's Mouse WorksHouse of Mouse, and Mickey Mouse Clubhouse.
Her other Disney voices have included Nurse Mouse in The Rescuers Down Under as well as Donald's mischievous nephews, Huey, Dewey, and Louie, and Webbigail Vanderquack in DuckTales. Other audio appearances included the TV series TaleSpinThe Little MermaidBuzz Lightyear of Star Command, and Kim Possible.
As one of the leading voice performers working today, Russi is in perpetual demand and has a resume of credits that runs more than six pages. Among her most famous roles are Strawberry Shortcake, Baby Gonzo of Muppet Babies, Pebbles Flintstone, Duchess the Cat in the film Babe, and Ferny Toro in Jakers! The Adventures of Piggley Winks.
Russi had a recurring role as Penny Tompkins in The Critic, and has provided the voice of Martin Prince and the twins, Sherri and Terri, on more than 100 episodes of The Simpsons" as well as the blockbuster feature The Simpsons Movie.
Even with this vast repertoire, Minnie is never far from Russi. "Russi has imbued Minnie with so much of her own appeal, her strength, her spirit; a sense of gentleness, but combined with a certain sauciness," Roy E. Disney once said. "In the process, she has really helped to define Minnie's character for new generations."
Russi feels a deep sense of stewardship about Minnie. "I really want whoever comes after us to be aware of the history and the tradition, and to love the characters as much as we do," she says of herself and her husband, Wayne Allwine, who provided the voice of Mickey Mouse until his death in 2009.
Of her long career providing voice for Mickey's lady love, and the benefit that she and Allwine derived from the roles, Taylor once stated, "We're so lucky, we really are."
Russi Taylor passed away in Glendale, California, on July 26, 2019. She was 75.
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Tony Anselmo, Animation—Voice (2009)
"The 'secret' of Donald Duck's voice is really just muscle control that you have to develop, like lifting weights," Tony Anselmo, who since 1985 has given our garrulous if sometimes unintelligible duck his unforgettable squabble, once said. "You have to contort your mouth in a certain way, and the muscles have to be strong enough to stay contorted, so you can lock into it and concentrate on acting rather than 'doing' the voice." It may sound difficult, but as anyone knows who has listened to Tony's work on television series like DuckTales and Mickey Mouse Clubhouse, in feature films like Who Framed Roger Rabbit, or in video games and myriad consumer products, it's probably even harder than it sounds.
Born in Salt Lake City, Utah, on February 18, 1960, Tony was inspired by the first movie he had ever seen, Mary Poppins, and began drawing and making Super 8 films as a child. His drawings earned him a full scholarship to CalArts, the fabled art school that has bred so many Disney artists. He arrived at The Walt Disney Studios at age 20, focused solely on a career in animation. As a highly skilled animator, he worked on nearly every Disney feature from 1980 to date, but it was a friendship he struck up with Clarence "Ducky" Nash, the original voice of Donald Duck and a 1993 Disney Legend, that would eventually lead him to his second career behind the microphone.
Tony recalled that he never had any intention to voice Donald or any other character. He just innocently asked Nash one day how, exactly, he voiced Donald Duck.
"When he first tried to show me, I really couldn't do it. I still wasn't thinking of it in terms of carrying on the tradition. It was just for fun."
Naturally persistent, Tony found himself practicing in the usual places one does such things—in the car or in the shower—and says one day the voice just "clicked in." At this point he quacked a few lines to Nash, who began to tutor his protégé in earnest. Little by little, he passed down the tricks of his trade. By the time Nash passed away in 1985, Tony, after spending three years perfecting the voice of the vinegary fowl, gladly took up the legacy left to him by his good friend.
In 1990, when the Studios released The Prince and the Pauper, Tony became the first person to animate and voice Donald. And although acting with a pen is much different from acting with a voice, Tony is only too glad to help out in any capacity asked of him. "I've watched Donald Duck cartoons a million times and my whole life I wanted to work for Disney," he once said. "Pending natural disaster, I expect to be doing Donald the rest of my life."
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Bill Farmer, Animation—Voice (2009)
When Bill Farmer's wife introduces him to people as "goofy," he doesn't take it personally. He just laughs, "Ah-hyuck," and confused looks turn to smiles of recognition. Bill's voice is familiar to cartoon fans around the world as the voice of Goofy and Pluto, two of Disney's most enduring and endearing characters.
Bill was born in Pratt, Kansas, on November 14, 1952. It was a lonely place where, he once said, "there wasn't an awful lot to do." Bill therefore gravitated to the movies—especially cartoons. As a boy, he discovered he had a knack for imitating the voices he heard on screen, and the outsized vocal talent he discovered as a kid stood him in good stead though high school and college and throughout his career. The current voice of Goofy and Pluto once admitted, "Of all the cartoon characters, Goofy was always my favorite, so [voicing the character] really is a dream come true."
His youth sounds like something straight out of Norman Rockwell, an evocation of the halcyon days of the Midwest in the 1950s and 1960s. "I'd been doing impressions since I was 15," Bill once recalled. "It was great for teenage pranks—we'd pull up to the fast food drive-through speaker, and I'd order the burgers as Walter Brennan."
Throughout his college years at the University of Kansas, where he earned a degree in broadcast journalism, Bill constantly burnished his repertoire, which grew to include more than 100 jaw-droppingly authentic celebrity impressions. "I kicked around in radio for a few years, got into standup comedy for about five years as an impressionist before finally coming out to Hollywood in 1986 and striking the big time with the Goof," he once said.
In winning the coveted voice role, Bill walks in the long and celebrated shadow of 1993 Disney Legend Pinto Colvig, a storyman at the Disney Studios in the 1930s and the original voice of Goofy. Bill, whose rugged good looks, full head of sandy-blond hair and perpetual smile seem to radiate Midwestern optimism and individuality, once said, "The hardest thing to learn was 'ya-ha-hooooooiieewe!'"—the Goofy calling card that accompanies every delicious tumble or pratfall.
Bill's vocal talents starred in our lovable Goof's first animated feature film, A Goofy Movie, and the television series Goof Troop and Mickey's Once Upon a Christmas. He has performed in more than 40 other films and shows, including Disney's DTV Doggone Valentine television special in 1987—the first time he voiced Goofy and barked for Pluto in the same project. He also lent his vocal talents to Who Framed Roger RabbitBeauty and the Beast and Ed Wood and to such Pixar films as A Bug's LifeMonsters, Inc.Toy Story and Toy Story 2. But of all the characters he has brought spectacularly to life, it is Goofy that he cherishes most.
"Doing the voice of Goofy has become second nature to me," Bill says. "In the beginning, I had to stop and think what his motivation was, but now he lives inside me."
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Jodi Benson, Animation—Voice (2011)
"Nobody really wanted to do those types of jobs," Jodi Benson once said of her audition for The Little Mermaid. "It wasn't a very prestigious job. My goal was to do Broadway musicals. Voice acting was something I didn't know anything about!"
She won the role of Ariel over at least 500 other actresses, and Jodi admits that when she watches the film, she can see herself in Ariel. "She's independent, spirited, and strong-willed. I don't think I could have accomplished my dreams if there wasn't a little of her in me."
Born on October 10, 1961, in Rockford, Illinois, Jodi started singing at age 5. "I can't take any credit for the voice," she says, "it came with the package. I just started singing and it was there, and I've been singing ever since."
She attended Millikin University in Decatur, Illinois, where she abandoned a career in law to become one of the first students in the college's B.F.A. program in musical theatre. During Christmas break of her sophomore year, she auditioned for a Broadway show and won the job. She's been a perpetual presence on the Great White Way and on stages everywhere ever since.
She made her Broadway debut in in 1983 in Kenny Ortega's Marilyn: An American Fable" and went on to star in the Howard Ashman/Marvin Hamlisch musical Smile. It was in this show that she introduced a soaring tour de force ballad that has become well known to Disney fans, a song called simply "Disneyland." Jodi also appeared in A.E. Hotchner's and Cy Coleman's Welcome to the Club in 1989 and sang George Gershwin classics in the lead role of Crazy for You in 1992, which earned her a Tony® Award nomination for Best Actress in a Musical.
Jodi shared the stage with her husband, Ray Benson, in the European premiere of Gershwin's My One and Only. In Los Angeles, Jodi starred in Flora the Red Menace at the Pasadena Playhouse, Oklahoma! at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion, My Fair Lady at the Alex Theatre, and Chess at the Long Beach Civic Light Opera, for which she was honored with the prestigious Drama-Logue Award for Best Actress.
She was the voice of Barbie in Pixar's Toy Story 2 and reprised the role with her beau, Ken, in 2010's Toy Story 3. Other wildly varied voice roles for Disney include Helen of Troy in the Hercules television series and Weebo the flying robot in Flubber, both in 1997. Jodi made her live-action movie debut in Disney's Enchanted; moviegoers with keen ears might have noticed Ariel's "Part of Your World" playing in the background during Jodi's scenes.
But Jodi's heart remains "under the sea," and she has brought voice to everything that is The Little Mermaid" including CDs, toys, video games, talking dolls, a television series, and movie sequels. Jodi also spends her time giving back the gifts she is so grateful for, often teaching kids the various steps in the animation process—and at these times is frequently reminded of the deeper significance of her work.
"I was talking to some third graders," Jodi once recalled. "At the end of a 45-minute presentation, a little boy raised his hand and asked, 'How do you hold your breath that long under water?' You see, the magic is what they want to hold onto—and that brings me tremendous joy."
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Lea Salonga, Animation—Voice (2011)
In the field of musical theatre, Lea Salonga has been honored with the Olivier, Tony®, Drama Desk, Outer Critics Circle, and Theatre World awards. In addition, she holds the distinction of having played the vocal roles of two Disney leading ladies—the spectacular singing voices of Princess Jasmine and Mulan.
Born on February 22, 1971, in the Philippines, Lea made her professional debut at age 7 in Rodgers and Hammerstein's The King and I with Repertory Philippines. She then starred in Annie and later appeared in an array of productions, including Fiddler on the RoofThe Sound of MusicThe Goodbye Girl, and The Fantasticks.
She began her recording career at age 10 with her first album, Small Voice, which went gold. Her second album, Lea, was released in 1988. In addition to performing on stage and in recordings, Lea hosted her own musical television show, Love, Lea, acted in films, and in Manila opened for international acts such as Menudo and Stevie Wonder.
Lea's breakthrough came on the West End stage in London, England, when she was selected to play Kim in the musical Miss Saigon in 1989. For her performance, she won the Olivier Award for Best Performance by an Actress in a Musical.
Miss Saigon moved to Broadway in 1991, where Lea garnered the Tony, Drama Desk, Outer Critics Circle, and the Theatre World Awards—the first performer to win so many international awards for a single role.
At that time, she was invited to Disney to sing Princess Jasmine's soaring love song for the 1992 animated feature Aladdin. "'A Whole New World' is a great song," Lea once said, "and it's a dream come true to be a part of a Disney animated film." She reprised the song, along with the singing voice of Aladdin, Brad Kane, on that year's Academy Awards broadcast. The song, written by fellow Disney Legends Alan Menken and Tim Rice, went on to win both the Golden Globe® and the Oscar® for Best Song.
Lea returned to Disney just a few years later, this time to sing the bittersweet "Reflection" for the character of Fa Mulan for another Disney animated feature, Mulan. The song, composed by Matthew Wilder and David Zippel, received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Original Song. Lea sang again as Mulan in the sequel Mulan II.
Since then, Lea has been in perpetual motion, enjoying a regular role on the daytime drama As The World Turns, making a triumphant return to Broadway in the 2002 reinterpretation of Rodgers and Hammerstein's Flower Drum Song, and performing in concerts, recordings, television shows, and tours all over the world—many of which feature beloved Disney songs. In 2012, Lea joined the Candlelight Processional at Epcot as narrator.
"I've been listening to Disney music my whole life," Lea once said. "The challenge in doing these songs is to capture all of their feelings and emotions in just a few minutes. You've got to remember that moment will last forever and ever on film, and you have to really do your best in that one shot. The whole Disney experience has been great fun."
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Glen Keane, Animation (2013)
"I always wanted to draw ever since I can remember," Glen Keane once recalled, and as soon as he could hold a pencil in his hand, there was no stopping him. Throughout a life devoted to art—and nearly 38 years as an animator at The Walt Disney Studios—Glen's towering imagination has dreamed up starry-eyed maidens, a coarse and unrefined beast who discovers love, and a diamond in the rough who became a prince.
Born April 13, 1954, Glen grew up in Paradise Valley, Arizona. His father, cartoonist Bil Keane, created the long-running Family Circus comic strip, and so sketch pads and freshly sharpened pencils were never difficult to find around the house.
Torn between his love of football and his desire to become an artist, Glen eventually decided to attend the California Institute of the Arts, enrolling in the Film Graphics program as an animation student. Despite initially not knowing anything about animation, he soon came to embrace the art form.
In September 1974, he accepted a position at Disney as an animator. Glen was one of a new generation of animators brought in to be tutored under Walt's remaining veterans as they approached retirement.
To continue the legacy of Disney animation, this new class of artists would have to learn the tricks of the trade from the old-timers.
Glen learned from the masters, including Disney Legends Eric Larson, Frank Thomas, and Ollie Johnston. Their instruction served him well on his first major assignment, assisting Johnston in drawing Penny for 1977's The Rescuers. He followed this with work on Elliott the Dragon for Pete's Dragon (1977).
For The Fox and the Hound (1981), Glen helped animate Tod, Vixey, and the thrilling battle with a towering grizzly bear at the film's climax. His work earned him praise for the force and weight he brought to the grizzly, as well as the visceral feel of the scene.
After doing conceptual work for The Small One (1978) and The Black Cauldron (1985), Glen found himself animating Willie the Giant for Mickey's Christmas Carol (1983). During production, he caught a screening of Tron, Disney's groundbreaking foray into computer animation. Impressed by the new art form, he began to discuss a new project with fellow animator John Lasseter; the two teamed up with MAGI, a computer animation company that had worked on Tron, to produce a revolutionary 30-second test that combined hand-drawn animation with computer-generated backgrounds. Based on the children's classic Where the Wild Things Are, the demonstration project also marked Disney's first experiment in digitally inking and painting characters.
Glen left the Company in 1983 to work as a freelance artist, although he continued to work on new Disney animated features. He returned to Disney to work on The Little Mermaid (1989), for which he animated the heroine Ariel. This began a slate of successful projects including The Rescuers Down Under (1990), for which Glen animated the golden eagle Marahute; Beauty and the Beast (1991), for which he animated the imposing Beast; and Aladdin (1992), for which he animated the titular desert rogue. He brought to life Pocahontas in 1995, and, after a sabbatical in Paris, tackled the title character for 1999's Tarzan. He also animated the roguish John Silver for Treasure Planet (2002).
In 1996 Glen began work on a retelling of the Rapunzel story, which he would develop over the next decade. This project became the 2010 hit Tangled, for which he served as Executive Producer, Animation Supervisor, and Directing Animator for the character of Rapunzel.
Glen was the recipient of the 1992 Annie Award for Outstanding Individual Achievement in the Field of Animation for his work on Beauty and the Beast, and in 2007 he received the prestigious Winsor McCay Award for Lifetime Contribution to the Field of Animation.
Glen retired from Walt Disney Animation Studios in March 2012 to explore new directions in the animated art form. He continues to animate, teach, and inspire new generations of artists—and above all, he continues to draw.
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Toyland

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🎶 Toyland! Toyland!
Dear little girl and boy land!
While you dwell within it,
You are ever happy then.

Childhood's joy land! 
Mystic, merry Toyland! 
Once you pass its borders, 
You can never return again. ðŸŽ¶
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The Mad Genius (19142002), Animation & Imagineering (1989)

Not one to overuse praise, Walt referred to Ward Kimball as a genius. They were especially close because of their love of trains. In addition to the animation of the Three Caballeros' musical number, the Mad Hatter, the Cheshire Cat, Tweedledee and Tweedledum, and Lucifer the Cat—and the development of Jiminy Cricket—Ward encouraged Walt to embrace new and unusual techniques. He even directed the famous space-themed Disneyland TV episodes that influenced real-life U.S. missions.
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Early designs based on real crickets and Kimball's final version of Jiminy.
All drawings are key, there are no in-betweens when animating a scene this complex.
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Unusual dialogue animation helped to enrich the Indian Chief's personality.
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Bacchus and Jacchus might not have been favorite assignments, but Ward still managed to animate them with comic gusto.
(Seq. 4.3, Sc. 43)
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Ward turned the song number in The Three Caballeros into one of animation's most hilarious and surreal moments.
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It is obvious that Kimball relished bringing these clumsy hunters to life.
(Seq. 7, Sc. 99)
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Kimball's model sheet of Lucifer reveals strong poses and evil expressions, in spite of an overall cartoony appearance.
Kimball had fun animating Lucifer in Cinderella.
(Seq. 1.6, Sc. 63)
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When these scenes were deleted from Snow White, Ward very nearly quit working for Walt Disney.
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Tweedledum and Tweedledee move as if their bodies were water balloons.
(Seq. 5, Sc. 36)
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Alice in Wonderland is a veritable vaudeville of Kimball's comedic gifts. His tea party is filled with slapstick; The Mad Hatter's tongue was used to animate his dialogue with a lisp; The equally mad March Hare.

The psychotic Cheshire Cat might move slowly, but he expresses pure insanity.
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Remembering Ward – Eric Goldberg
Ward Kimball certainly the most whacked-out member of Disney's Nine Old Men, was the studio maverick. Ward would try anything, and even though that was frequently interpreted as "anything-for-a-laugh," this quality extended far beyond the mere joke. He could do the warm, sympathetic stuff (like Jiminy Cricket), as well as the crazy, inspired lunacy (Panchito's gun barrel mouthing some of his lyrics in The Three Caballeros title song) that would become his trademark. Ward also experimented with limited animation and modern design, UPA-style, in films like Melody and Toot, Whistle, Plunk and Boom (an Academy Award winner). The bottom line is that Ward's work always had ideas behind it—planned insanity, if you will.
Ward's animation shared a unique quality with that of his close friend Freddie Moore—sheer boldness. Nowhere is this better demonstrated than in the piece selected for this flipbook. From Alice in Wonderland, Tweedledee and Tweedledum bounce and cavort outlandishly in a scene that looks great when you see it at speed, but reveals its true audaciousness when you look at it frame by frame. They squish like water balloons, flatten out like pancakes, poke each other, and do all manner of facial contortions and rubber-legged gavottes, leaving the viewer with this distinct thought: I can't believe he got away with that. In a nutshell (not a bad place for Ward to be), Ward Kimball spent his entire career "getting away with it," and we are all the richer and more amused for it.
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1. Load (with Oaken's speech)

(Loading area announcements)

Oaken: Yoo-hoo! For your safety, keep your hands, arms, feet, and legs inside the the boat there. And vatch your little vones, ja? (Spanish safety spiel.)
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Jolly Old Saint Nicholas

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🎶 Jolly old Saint Nicholas,
Lean your ear this way.
Don't you tell a single soul
What I'm going to say.

Christmas Eve is coming soon.
Now, you dear old man,
Whisper what you'll bring to me,
Tell me if you can. ðŸŽ¶
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The Bouncy, Trouncy, Flouncy One (19111976), Animation (1989)

John Lounsbery was noted for refining the early techniques of "squash and stretch" movements into compelling character animation. Just mention one of his characters and that quality comes to mind: the bold and unabashed Ben Ali, the dancing alligator, who starred in the "Dance of the Hours" sequence of Fantasia (1940), Honest John and Gideon from Pinocchio (1940), Timothy the mouse in Dumbo (1941), Tony and Joe in Lady and the Tramp (1955), King Stefan and Hubert in Sleeping Beauty (1959), and the elephants in The Jungle Book (1967). Not surprisingly, he co-directed the bouncy Winnie the Pooh and Tigger Too (1974).
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Because of his outgoing personality, Mr. Darling becomes the most engaging character in this sequence from Peter Pan.
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Ben Ali Gator in love with Hyacinth Hippo.

Ben Ali Gator has all the style of a professional dancer.
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Honest John and Gideon have their eyes set on Pinocchio.
(Seq. 3, Sc. 45.2)
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(Seq. 7, Sc. 68)
Tony serenades Lady and Tramp.
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Bull's unusual mouth configuration helped to create entertaining dialogue scenes.
The professor tries unsuccessfully to convince the policeman that he is not Tramp's owner.
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Jaq and Gus need to outsmart Lucifer in order to collect clothing items for Cinderella's dress.
Bruno, the dog and Major, the horse begin their magical transformation.
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A couple of key drawings show the potential in young John Lounsbery as an animator.
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(Seq. 13, Sc. 28)
King Hubert brandishes an unusual weapon during his disagreement with King Stefan.
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John's work on one of Maleficent's goons.
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"Who are you?"
The Mad Hatter explains to Alice what an unbirthday is.
The friendly and sympathetic Red Rose.
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The retired Colonel Hathi still retains his military bearing.



John Lounsbery enjoyed bringing the elephants' oversized personalities to life.
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Remembering John – Dale Baer (1950–2021)
John Lounsbery was described by people who knew him as modest, unassuming, quiet, unselfish, the soul of kindness, self-effacing; a gentleman. His animation stood out above the rest. His mastery of "'squash and stretch" made his work so entertaining to watch. As broad as it was, his characters were still believable, sincere, and above all, funny.
Johnny was the go-to guy for all us young people. Tweaking a few lines here and there, he'd show you how to strengthen the poses, working from what you came up with. You always left his office feeling good about yourself.
Beginning his apprenticeship under Norm Ferguson, I don't think Johnny ever forgot what it was like starting out. He was not an envious person. You never heard a bad word out of him about anyone. The one thing that showed up on a couple of occasions was insecurities about himself, which wasn't helped by some of his peers. And when you're a young guy with your own insecurities just coming into this business, it is hard to believe that someone of John's caliber and experience could feel that way too.
Johnny was being groomed to replace "Woolie," upon Reitherman's retirement, to direct. It was something John really didn't want to do. When I asked him as he was packing his office to move upstairs what it was like becoming a director, all he could say was, "I just want to be a good animator someday."
I knew Johnny only five years, not nearly long enough to absorb his 40 years of knowledge. But what I did take, I hope, was his kindness, his willingness to share, and his encouragement.
John Lounsbery never commanded respect. He earned respect by being the gentleman that he was.
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2. 1st Olaf ("Do You Want to Build a Snowman")

(Ride begins. Boats approach OLAF and SVEN. Music transitions to “Do You Wanna Build a Snowman?”)

Version 1:
Olaf: Do you wanna build a snowman?
C'mon, I know you do!
Elsa's made a magic winter show,
With summer snow,
For Sven and me and you!

We're going up to Elsa's ice palace with you and you and you — all of you! See you there!
Sven: (Reindeer grunt.)
_
Version 2:
Olaf: Do you wanna build a snowman?
C'mon, let’s go and play!
Elsa wants to give us all some fun,
She's making everyone
A snowy summer day!

Oh, you're going to Elsa's ice palace! Sven's going, I'm going. It'll be so beautiful! See ya there!
Sven: (Reindeer grunt.)
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Here We Come A-Caroling

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🎶 Here we come a-caroling
Among the leaves so green.
Here we come a-wand'ring
So fair to be seen.

Love and joy come to you,
And to you glad tidings, too
And God bless you and send you a happy New Year,
And God send you a happy New Year. ðŸŽ¶
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The "Go the Distance" Guy (19071979), Animation (1989)

Walt Disney first approached Les Clark to compliment the lettering he created for a candy store menu. In 1927, Les joined the company—soon thereafter animating Mickey in a scene of Steamboat Willie (1928)—and stayed for 73 years. Among the numerous memories he gave us are the animation of Mickey in The Band Concert (1935) and The Sorcerer's Apprentice (1940), the title character in Pinocchio (1940), the fairies in Fantasia (1940), and Tinker Bell in Peter Pan (1953) and the Disneyland TV show. Les believed in constant learning and development, attending art classes throughout his life and eventually directing Disney educational films.
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Tinker Bell

A feisty fairy who is highly protective of Peter Pan.
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Even though Marc Davis supervised the animation of Tinker Bell, Les Clark did not mind being the second-in-command.
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Wendy Darling

Oldest of the Darling children, an eternal believer, mother figure to the Lost Boys and friend to Peter Pan.
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(Seq. 14, Sc. 102)
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Les Clark added greater appeal and range to Mickey's performances.
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With The Symphony Hour, Clark showed again that he was an expert at animating Mickey Mouse.
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(Sc. 6)
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(Seq. 7, Sc. 11)
In The Sorcerer's Apprentice, Clark gave Mickey an intensity that had not been seen before.
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Delicate drawing and subtle timing added a graceful touch to the fairies.
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The train in The Three Caballeros displays emotions, despite having no limbs or face.
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Pinocchio turns around; Sincere emotions help to make Pinocchio come alive to an audience.
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Clark's final animation before moving into other areas of animated film production.
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Clark's animation of Cinderella proved that he was perfectly able to deal with difficult, realistic assignments.
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Les Clark animated a complex scene of Snow White dancing with the dwarfs in their cottage.

Clark animated Sleepy playing a flute in Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs.
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Clark tackled the challenge of fitting an enormous Alice into the White Rabbit's house.
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Remembering Les – John Canemaker
When shy, part-time confectionery waiter Leslie James Clark (1907-1979) graduated from high school on a Thursday and reported to work the following Monday (February 23, 1927), his new boss, Walt Disney, warned him the job might be temporary. By the time Les Clark retired in 1975, he was a senior animator and director, and the longest continuously employed member of Walt Disney Productions.
I met Clark in July 1973, two years before he retired at age 68, during my first visit to the Disney Studio. I found him to be reserved, quiet, and, yes, shy. Yet he gave me an interview so full of information that I used much of it almost three decades later in my book Walt Disney's Nine Old Men and the Art of Animation.
That was one of the remarkable things about Les Clark his mild-mannered, reticent, apparently ego-free qualities belied his tremendous gifts as a masterly animator of surpassing skill. Everything he drew came alive with charm and personality.
He entered animation at a crucial time during the silent era—a year before Mickey Mouse's "birth"—and participated in events that shaped not only Disney's future, but also the art form of character animation itself. At first, Clark was apprentice to sorcerer/legendary animator Ub Iwerks, whom Clark fondly remembered as a "very gifted" and very patient" teacher.
Clark emulated his master in "rhythm animation"—smooth "ripple" actions repeated in pleasing cycles and patterns of motion in many a Mickey Mouse and Silly Symphony short. Traces of this magical, cartoony animation style are in the elastic pink train sambaing to "Baia" in The Three Caballeros.
Soon the pupil surpassed his mentor. Diligently working on his draftsmanship skills throughout his career, Clark became a first-rate character animation "actor," specializing in Mickey Mouse. It was Les Clark who animated dynamic personality scenes in The Band Concert and Fantasia, both among the mouse's greatest acting performances.
What was also amazing about Clark was his versatility as an animator. He "played" everything from a buxom operatic hen (Clara Cluck) to a delicate dewdrop fairy to an inebriated country bumpkin of a rodent (The Country Cousin) to a frustrated bee trapped in a surreal landscape (Bumble Boogie); Clark's animation ranged from gigantic Paul Bunyan to tiny Jiminy Cricket and Tinker Bell on TV's Mickey Mouse Club.
Often, Clark was handed technically difficult assignments, which he accepted with good humor and managed with seriousness of purpose and consummate skill. One such assignment was Snow White dancing with dwarfs, a sequence of subtle changes in perspective as the characters cavort; another was the combining of a live actor with animated animals in the joyous "Zip-A-Dee-Doo-Dah'" musical number from Song of the South.
Clark's animation provided the necessary emotional mortar to hold scenes together in many films, including Pinocchio and Alice in Wonderland. Art Babbitt, another great animator and a tough critic, always spoke admiringly of Clark, who "never received the recognition the others [animators] did. And he should have, Babbitt said, "because he was marvelous! Terrific animator, very inventive. But taken for granted."
Les Clark's development from a "rubber-hose-and-circle" patternmaker into a master personality animator matches the best of his peers. His work through the years deserves careful study, and today's DVDs—and this flipbook offer the ambitious student an opportunity to learn from one of the greats.
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3. The Trolls

(Boats move alongside TROLLS)

Young Troll: Tell us the story again!
Young Trolls: Please!
Grand Pabbie: On a day, very much like today, Anna saved her sister with an unselfish act of true love and thawed a frozen heart.
Young Troll: Ooh, ooh, and now they're best friends!
Grand Pabbie: Indeed.
Baby Troll: Hey, you're going up to a ice palace! Lucky…
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Christmas Is Coming

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🎶 Christmas is coming,
The goose is getting fat.
Please to put a penny 
In the old man's hat.

If you haven't got a penny,
A halfpenny will do.
If you haven't got a halfpenny,
Then God bless you! ðŸŽ¶
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The King of Emotions (19122008), Animation (1989)

Relationships highlight Ollie Johnston's work, from warmhearted—Pongo and Perdita in One Hundred and One Dalmatians (1961), Thumper from Bambi (1942), Mr. Smee from Peter Pan (1953), the trio of fanciful fairies from Sleeping Beauty (1959), Baloo and Mowgli in The Jungle Book (1967), Rufus and Penny in The Rescuers (1977)—to dysfunctional (Prince John and Sir Hiss in Robin Hood (1973). He bonded with fellow "old man" Frank Thomas and, along with their wives, became lifelong friends. Frank and Ollie make a guest appearance as animated characters in Disney•Pixar's The Incredibles (2004).
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Smee is one of Ollie's most entertaining creations.
(Seq. 11, Sc. 6)
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Johnston animated plump cupids and sultry centaurettes in Fantasia's Pastoral Symphony; A makeup moment in the "Pastoral" sequence. Clean-up artists would later add floral covers to the topless centaurettes.
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Thumper advises Bambi that clover's green parts "sure is awful stuff to eat!" and tells him a secret.
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Pinocchio might be made out of wood, but he acts like a real kid; Johnston literally brought Pinocchio to life in his earliest scenes.
Pinocchio's nose begins to grow.
(Seq. 4.9, Sc. 21)
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Trusty, the old bloodhound who has lost his sense of smell.
(Seq. 11, Sc. 17)
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Making Anastasia as ugly as possible.
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Flora and Fauna gently encourage Merryweather to give her gift.
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Although Ollie found working with live-action reference challenging, he admitted that he learnt a lot from the experience.
(Seq. 3, Sc. 22)
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The King of Hearts from Alice in Wonderland.
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Remembering Ollie – Glen Keane
It is 1975, and for over 35 years Ollie has had the corner office 1D-12 at the end of the "Hall of Kings," referring to the animation greats who share that wing with him.
I am filled with awe as I knock on his door and hear Ollie's soft, airy voice say with a blend of humility and curiosity, "Come in?"
Entering, I see Ollie dressed in his cardigan sweater, surrounded by delicate pencil studies of Penny from The Rescuers. On the wall is a photo of his pride and joy, a full-sized locomotive in the snow on his property in Julian, California.
Resting on the table behind him is a brown paper sack. He and Frank Thomas are creatures of habit and sit together each day over lunch talking about the sequences they are working on, plotting how to convince the director, "Woolie" Reitherman, to see things their way. Like inseparable brothers, they have worn a path in the floor between their offices.
Holding out a wrinkled stack of animation paper, I ask, "Ollie, can you take a look at my scene?"
Without hesitation Ollie takes my drawings, and after deftly flipping them several times so he can study the movement, he takes the top and bottom drawings and sets aside the hundred or so in-betweens and comments, "I think these two are all you need. They will be our Golden Poses."
I stand behind peering over his shoulder as the master places a clean sheet over one of my drawings and proceeds to sketch with his "Kobalt Hell" blue-colored pencil. His hand moves effortlessly as his pencil appears to just "kiss" the paper.
I watch in amazement as my stiff, rudimentary drawing of a little girl is transformed into a living, breathing being. The world and the room seem to disappear, and I can actually feel the softness of her cheeks, the intensity in her brows, the sculpted dimension of her form. She appears to be alive. "Don't draw what the character is doing he says. "Draw what the character is thinking."
This is the hallmark of all of Ollie's animation, from Thumper to Mr. Smee to Mowgli. His characters actually simmer with the spark of life.
Ollie Johnston was not only a master animator but a gifted teacher who broke down the dizzying complexities of animation into bite-size principles that even the most neophyte animator could apply.
Thirty-six years later, I still see Ollie drawing.
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4. Lift ("Vuelie")

(Boats move alongside TROLLS. Music transitions to "Vuelie.")

Chorus: Na na na heyana
Hahiyaha naha
Naheya heya na yanuwa
Anhahe yunuwana.


(Boats move uphill)
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Deck the Halls

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🎶 Deck the halls with boughs of holly,
Fa-la-la-la-la, la-la-la-la.
'Tis the season to be jolly,
Fa-la-la-la-la, la-la-la-la.

Don we now our gay apparel,
Fa-la-la, la-la-la, la-la-la.
Troll the ancient Yuletide carol,
Fa-la-la-la-la, la-la-la-la. ðŸŽ¶
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The Steward of Sincerity (19122004), Animation (1989)

Among Frank Thomas' masterworks are Captain Hook, Lady Tremaine in Cinderella (1950), the Queen of Hearts, and classic moments like the spaghetti-eating scene in Lady and the Tramp, Pinocchio's puppet dance, the ice skating in Bambi, and the Dwarfs grieving at Snow White's bier. Frank and Ollie Johnston collaborated on the acclaimed book, Disney Animation: The Illusion of Life (1981). A film called Frank and Ollie (1995) was written and directed by his son, Ted.
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Captain Hook

Pirate Captain who would like nothing more than to get revenge on his nemesis Peter Pan, who is responsible for his hook.
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Hook is looking for Peter Pan's hiding place.
Captain Hook plays the piano to Tinker Bell.
(Seq. 11, Sc. 4)


Frank excelled at showing Hook's mood swings.
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A rough layout pose shows Thumper's confidence on the ice.
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The lack of squash and stretch when Pinocchio falls reminds audiences that he is made out of solid wood; Pinocchio gives the performance of his life on stage in Stromboli's puppet theatre, exuding the show-off joy of the amateur entertainer.
Pinocchio is starting to show a sense of compassion and responsibility.
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One of the most charming moments ever animated.
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A classic villain for the ages.
Lady Tremaine's subtle movements help to establish her truly evil personality.
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Delicate facial expressions combined with subtle timing communicate believable emotions of sadness and loss.
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The three fairies have very different personalities.
(Seq. 7, Sc. 12)
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Thomas continued in the early 1950s to bring life to villains, such as the Queen of Hearts in Alice in Wonderland; Frank originally struggled finding the balance between the menace and the comedy for the Queen of Hearts.
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A full range of expressions for Alice in Wonderland's talking Doorknob.
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Remembering Frank – Ron Clements
I worked closely with Frank Thomas for around two years, starting in 1974, on the movie The Rescuers. I was a 21-year-old animation trainee, and he was my mentor. It was an unbelievably rewarding time. I felt like kind of a sorcerer's apprentice. These guys, the master Disney animators, truly were magicians. They created life, personality, entertainment out of nothing more than pencil and paper, and what a privilege to see how they did it!
Frank was thoughtful, intelligent, and articulate. He analyzed things to death and did tons of thumbnails and diagrams. He always pushed you to explore multiple options in approaching any scene before finally settling on what you felt was the very best. He was passionate, hard to please, and harder on himself than anybody. He flipped his scenes so relentlessly they were ragged, like the texture of an old treasure map. He once told me, in his whole career, he had only done a handful of scenes he was really satisfied with. He never said what they were. Pinocchio in the "I've Got No Strings" scene? Bambi on ice? Captain Hook? Certainly, I would hope, the Dwarfs tearfully mourning the death of their beloved Snow White, or the spaghetti-eating sequence in Lady and the Tramp would be among them.
Chuck Jones once called Frank the Laurence Olivier of animators, and that was accurate. He was a brilliant actor, always getting into the specific, unique thought processes of each character, pushing relationships, feelings, sincerity. The great thing is, the life he created will exist forever, to be experienced over and over again. And what could be more magical than that?
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5. Olaf, Anna, and Kristoff ("For the First Time in Forever")

(Boats level out as they pass OLAF ice skating. Music transitions to "For the First Time in Forever.")
Olaf: La da da, for the first time in forever,
Now I'm so glad you came along!
For the first time in forever…
I don't really know this song.
And watch this next part, yooo-oooh!
Skating! Skating, skating, celebrating!


Welcome to Elsa's ice palace!

(Boats move alongside ANNA and KRISTOFF singing together. SVEN's tongue is stuck to an ice crystal.)

Kristoff: Are you ready to see Elsa?
Anna: They were born ready!
For the first time in forever…
Anna and Kristoff: We get to share this frozen fun.
For the first time in forever,
Elsa's inviting everyone.

Anna: Would you say you’re elated or gassy?
Kristoff: Let's just call it "delight."
Anna and Kristoff: 'Cause for the first time in forever,
You're here…
Anna: For my sister's magic night.
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Jingle Bells

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🎶 Jingle bells, jingle bells,
Jingle all the way!
Oh, what fun it is to ride
In a one-horse open sleigh. Hey!

Jingle bells, jingle bells,
Jingle all the way!
Oh, what fun it is to ride
In a one-horse open sleigh. ðŸŽ¶
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The Beloved Mentor (19051988), Animation (1989)

Eric Larson is dear to the hearts of the animators he mentored in the 1970s until the mid-1980s—many now legends in their own right, like Tim Burton, Glen Keane, Mark Henn, Brad Bird, and Andreas Deja, who wrote in his book The Nine Old Men: Lessons, Techniques, and Inspiration from Disney's Great Animators (2015): "A talk with Eric always left us with a feeling that this is the greatest art form in the world." Among Eric's masterpieces are Lady and the Tramp's Peg, Figaro in Pinocchio, the winged horses in Fantasia, and Peter Pan's breathtaking flight over London.
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Peter Pan promises the Darling children a flight to Never Land.
(Seq. 2.1, Sc. 52)
Peter Pan and Wendy flying to Never Land.
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Eric Larson questioned the quality of the centaurs' design as well as his animation.
Eric had more success with the flying horses in the "Pastoral" section of Fantasia.
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Slow, calm, and deliberate Larson brought to life the madly destructive South American Aracuan; A small character with big emotions.
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Larson's own gentle character and sense of humor are reflected in the personality of Friend Owl.
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Figaro crossing a soft bedcover and opening a window in the film Pinocchio.
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A beautiful animation showing Peg in mid-song.
(Seq. 10, Sc. 81)
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In the 1950s Larson animated his share of humans, such as Cinderella, seen with frames of the live-action reference film; Cinderella is instantly likeable in the opening scene.





Cinderella twirls around, making her hair swing further, particularly during quick head turns.
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Synchronizing so many woodland creatures was more like choreographing a ballet than animating a scene.
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The animation for Alice was based on live-action reference.
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(Seq. 15, Sc. 46)
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Remembering Eric – John Musker
A gifted animator and a natural teacher with a soft spot for young people trying to learn the craft, Eric Larson had been placed by Studio management in charge of their new in-house talent development program. It was there that, with great patience, clarity, and warmth, he essentially taught me and many others—people like Glen Keane and Ron Clements, for example—how to animate. He himself was mentored by Ham Luske, one of the principal animators at Disney in the thirties, and later its primary director, Ham's lessons of sincerity, action analysis, and caricature were deeply imprinted on Eric, who passed them on, along with countless other things he had learned from artists like Freddie Moore and Bill Tytla, not to mention Walt himself, to wide-eyed trainees like me.
Eric had an understated touch to his own animation. He found the essential truth, warmth, and sincerity of whatever character he animated. He gave us a Figaro in Pinocchio, full of gentle humor, and well-observed traits, both of a real kitten and an inquisitive and occasionally exasperated child. The grandfatherly curmudgeon owl in Bambi was his. He animated the loopy Aracuan bird who motored along the frame's edge in The Three Caballeros, and Sasha, the Russian-hatted bird in Peter and the Wolf, who, like many of Eric's characters, steals the show without trying to. But where this genteel and gentlemanly Mormon came up with Peg, the saucy show dog in Lady and the Tramp, I'll never know, although I can personally attest that Eric's courtly manner and twinkling blue eyes had legions of young, pretty female admirers from the ranks of the new trainees.
While in the training program, I would bring Eric a "scene" of my animation. From my haphazard stack of drawings, he would pull out the "keys," the crucial poses. He would put a sheet of fresh paper over them on the disk, and holding his pencil counterbalanced by his extended pinkie riding along the paper (a pinkie calloused from years of animation—a callous, he said all good animators had), Eric would draw far more powerful, clear, and carefully analyzed versions of what I had done. These drawings were often diagrams, which did not necessarily look like my character. But the silhouettes, arcs, paths of action, the clear "anticipations," and the ideas on timing, all honed from his years on the board, were magically transformative. Poses now related to one another in a fluid and dynamic way. Actions were clearer. Thought processes were communicated. "Positive statements" was his mantra.
Eric's words to me then still ring in my ears now, some 35 years later. He also said. "Our only limit in animation is our own imaginations, and our ability to draw what we imagine." I try and live my animation life by those words that came from the always supportive, gentle, powerful mentor with the high-waisted pants and the sparkling blue eyes: Eric Larson. I owe him everything.
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6. Elsa ("Let it Go")

(Boats pass through doors into ELSA's ice palace. Music shifts to "Let It Go.")

Elsa: It's time to see what I can do,
To test the limits and break through.
No right, no wrong, no rules for me.
I'm free!


(Boats begin moving backward away from ELSA as she shows off her powers.)

Let it go! Let it go!
I am one with the wind and sky.
Let it go! Let it go!
You'll never see me cry.


Here I stand, in the light of day.
Let the storm rage on,
The cold never bothered me anyway.
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O Christmas Tree

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🎶 O Christmas tree, O Christmas tree,
How lovely are your branches!
O Christmas tree, O Christmas tree,
How lovely are your branches!

You boughs are green in summer's glow,
And do not fade in winter's snow.
O Christmas tree, O Christmas tree,
How lovely are your branches! ðŸŽ¶
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The Renaissance Man (19132000), Animation & Imagineering (1989)

If Marc Davis' only work was the animation of Cruella De Vil or Maleficent, he'd be legendary, but his talents extended to painting, design, and beyond. He created animation for many of Disney's leading ladies, including Alice (of Wonderland), Snow White, Cinderella, Aurora (Briar Rose), and Tinker Bell. His Disney theme park magic includes the Haunted MansionPirates of the Caribbean, and Country Bear Jamboree. Marc's widow, Alice (also a Disney Legend), designed costumes for attractions, films, and TV.
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Tinker Bell

A feisty fairy who is highly protective of Peter Pan.
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Designed with ultimate appeal and feminine elegance, Tinker Bell admires her mirror image; Marc Davis's love of women comes through in his animated portrayals, such as Tinker Bell.

Marc's animation sketches were turned into clean-up drawings by Clair Weeks. To see Tinker Bell's scene in CGI, click 00:42:43–44.
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One of Marc's "doodle" sheets shows his research for Tinker Bell's facial features and hair movement. By placing her mouth low and practically eliminating the jaw, she appears more pixie-like and less realistic.
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These head studies show that Bambi was able to go through a wide range of human emotions.
These sketches show Davis' extraordinary draftsmanship.
Early studies show Marc's attempts to capture the essence of a skunk. Black and white fur markings already create interesting design patterns.
Once the inner workings of the skunk's body are explored, the animation will appear believable and plausible.

Flower's over-the-top reaction to his first kiss was unusual in the otherwise realistic film, but Marc Davis made it work.
(Seq. 10.1, Sc. 41)
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Early color sketches already reveal Cinderella as a fun-loving person, who finds herself caught in a bad predicament.
Cinderella and the letter from the palace.
(Seq. 3, Sc. 10)
It is interesting to see that the final clean-up drawings were made right over Marc's rough animation drawings. This process saved time, but was only possible whenever the animator drew the character completely on model.
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Snow White dances in the dwarfs' cottage.
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This initial design represents a young, princess, who does look 16 years old; In the final version, Aurora's age could be 25. It is unclear why this aging process took place, perhaps a juvenile-looking girl didn't fit the film's sophisticated story.
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In this elegant key drawing, Aurora dances with a prince made up of various animals, including an owl and a squirrel. What a beautiful composition, even for a back view!
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An early version of Maleficent's design.
In the end, added horns gave her appearance a devilish quality, and sleeves shaped like flames were used to great dramatic effect.
A couple of dynamic, rough sketches demonstrate the way Marc lays out key moments of a scene, before animating it.
(Seq. 18, Sc. 67)
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Marc's rough drawings are delicate and appealing.
Alice at the Mad Tea Party; The animator explores the dimensional forms of Alice's face in detail.
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Early ideas for Cruella De Vil's design.
Cruella De Vil is one of the most entertaining screen creations ever.
(Seq. 16, Sc. 182)
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Remembering Marc – Bob Kurtz
How do you write about greatness? Where do I start about my dear friend and mentor, the legendary Marc Davis?
I first met Marc as a student in his Life Drawing class. I watched, fascinated, as Marc slowly twisted his cigarette into a black plastic cigarette holder. Then, through clenched teeth and cigarette pointed up at 45 degrees, Marc would reveal amazing gems of drawing wisdom. It was the best of times.
One of Marc's mantras was that good drawings and clear thinking went together, along with observation and life experience. Marc would say, "Who you are comes out in your drawings." That probably explains why Marc's animation was so versatile and full of life.
As the years passed, Marc and I grew closer. Together with Marc's talented wife and soul mate, Alice, and my wife, Theresa, we would laugh and talk into the late hours. Marc was a wonderful storyteller, and colorfully shared the experiences of his life with their many guests. Then there were those delicious late-night gourmet meals that Alice would whip up in a mere four hours. And always there would be those beloved, spoiled little dogs wandering around and about our feet.
Marc, always the thoughtful host, was also Marc the martini Zen master. With his back to you, secretly and patiently, you would see a bit of a hand move, a squeeze of this, a shake of that. No, Marc would not let you see what he was creating; it was a Houdini magic act. Each of Marc's finely crafted martinis took ten minutes to make and ten hours to recover from.
Marc and Alice's home was like a bustling railroad station; only the train whistle was missing. There was always someone about to leave, and more would drop in. There was a constant parade of affection and love. It was musical chairs without the music.
Together, Marc and Alice traveled the world, making even more friends. Every holiday season their house was filled with baskets and baskets overflowing with Christmas cards. Cards sent from around the world, maybe a thousand or more, all with warm, personal inscriptions. Marc and Alice always answered each of them personally.
Once, I brought Marc a magazine article about "Who Was the Greatest Villainess in Motion Picture History." At the top of the list, the number-one villainess was not Joan Crawford or Bette Davis; it was Cruella De Vil! Marc responded with that wonderful deep chuckle.
Beyond his prodigious talent, and in addition to being so generous with his time and encouragement to young artists, Marc was warm, open, gracious, caring, and always a gentleman. Marc was a class act.
No, Marc Davis was not a saint, but he was pretty damn close.
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7. Marshmallow and Drop ("Instrumental Theme (Elsa & Anna)")

(Boats change direction as they pass MARSHMALLOW, who is covered in SNOWGIES.)

Version 1:

Marshmallow: Let it go!

Version 2:

Marshmallow: I'm free!
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Up on the Housetop

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🎶 Up on the housetop, the reindeer pause;
Out jumps good ol' Santa Claus!
Down through the chimney with lots of toys,
All for the little ones' Christmas joys.

Ho! Ho! Ho! Who wouldn't go?
Ho! Ho! Ho! Who wouldn't go?
Up on the housetop, click, click, click!
Down through the chimney with good St. Nick. ðŸŽ¶
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The Master Draftsman (19091987), Animation (1989)

Milt Kahl had an ability to create animation that even struck his fellow "old men" with awe. He tackled characters that others found near impossible to animate: Pinocchio, Bambi, the snooty llama from Saludos Amigos (1943), Brer Rabbit, Brer Fox and Brer Bear in Song of the South (1946), Alice of Alice in Wonderland (1951), Peter Pan, Sleeping Beauty's Prince Phillip, Roger and Anita Radcliffe in One Hundred and One Dalmatians (1961), Merlin the magician and Madam Mim in The Sword in the Stone (1963), Shere Khan in The Jungle Book (1967), and Madame Medusa in The Rescuers (1977). "It's just that I don't stop trying so quickly," he told author John Canemaker in Walt Disney's Nine Old Men and The Art of Animation (2001), "I keep at it. I happen to have high standards and I try to meet them."
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Peter Pan

The adventurous leader of the Lost Boys who whisks the Darling children away to Never Land.
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Early pre-animation character designs for Peter Pan.
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Wendy Darling

Oldest of the Darling children, an eternal believer, mother figure to the Lost Boys and friend to Peter Pan.
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The dancing llama from Saludos Amigos is a joy to watch.
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Milt's knowledge about weight and momentum shines through in the sequence where Bambi is trying to jump over the fallen log.
A wide smile for a smitten Bambi.

Bambi in love.
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Early design concepts and Kahl's improved look for the character.
Milt's redesign of Pinocchio made the wooden puppet more boyish, which impressed Walt.
(Seq. 8.5, Sc. 24)
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This early introductory scene of Tramp represents some of Milt's best work.
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The Duke from Cinderella.
(Seq. 5.1, Sc. 193)
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"Never underestimate the benefit of props."
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The model sheet for the prince shows subtle stylization within carefully designed poses.
(Seq. 13, Sc. 52)
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King Hubert and King Stefan provided a chance for expressive animation and contrasting attitudes.
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Alice displays a range of emotions during her trial.
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Madam Mim turned out to be one of Milt's favorite characters.
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Remembering Milt – Andreas Deja
As an art student in the late seventies, I wrote a fan letter to Milt Kahl, complimenting him on his superb animation and characters. It took a while, but I received a response. He thanked me for my flattering remarks and informed me that he had left the field of animation and lived in retirement near San Francisco. I was shocked. Without Milt Kahl, who would design new characters and set drawing standards for future Disney films? It seemed like the end of an era.
For almost 40 years, Milt Kahl's drawings and animation had influenced and changed the style of Disney animation. The characters in Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs were drawn in a round and dimensional way; by Sleeping Beauty, Milt's sense for strong graphic design helped create a new look for Disney animation.
Walt Disney was very fortunate to have Milt Kahl on his animation team. Many of the other animators would ask the master draftsman for help to improve their drawings.
This gave visual continuity to a character animated by several artists. Milt cussed and yelled in frustration as he redrew and improved a colleague's scene. "Why can't these guys draw like me?"
Once during the production of Peter Pan, in which Milt supervised the animation of the title character, Walt wasn't pleased with all the different looking Pans in the screening. Milt bluntly responded: "That's because you don't have any talent in this place!"
Of course Walt disagreed. Ollie Johnston later said that Milt was the only animator who could get away with arguing with the boss.
Milt's animation is unique. His characters always move with believable weight. His acting choices show a great sense of personality. Milt said he could animate anything well, and he was right.
Whether he drew a dancing llama, a prince, a newborn deer, or an evil tiger, his talent had no limits.
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8. Arendelle Ice Castle ("For the First Time in Forever" instrumental)

(Boats plunge down waterfall and sail past Arendelle, which features snow fireworks going off over the castle.)
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We Wish You a Merry Christmas

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🎶 We wish you a merry Christmas,
We wish you a merry Christmas,
We wish you a merry Christmas
And a happy New Year.

Good tidings we bring
To you and your kin.
Good tidings for Christmas
And a happy New Year. ðŸŽ¶
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The Mighty Adventurer (19091985), Animation (1989)

Wolfgang "Woolie" Reitherman was the animator most likely to have been an action figure. His exploits as a pilot and outdoorsman carried over into the animation of the dinosaur fight in Fantasia, the dragon battle in Sleeping Beauty, and the whale chase in Pinocchio (1940). Woolie directed every animated feature from The Sword in the Stone (1963) to Robin Hood. His son, Bruce, voiced Christopher Robin in Winnie the Pooh and the Honey Tree (1966) and Mowgli in The Jungle Book.
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Reitherman said: "Nobody is going to worry about a gag's logic, if it's funny."; Reitherman animated Captain Hook as both a buffoon and a dangerous threat in Peter Pan.
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By blocking in the dinosaurs' anatomy, Woolie gained control over their colossal body masses and perspective.
(Seq. 8.6, Sc. 43)
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Reitherman captures the enormous scale of Monstro.
(Seq. 10.9, Sc. 8)
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During this fight sequence, realistic drawing was required to make the action believable.
Real drama as Tramp fights the rat.
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Woolie emphasizes the weight of the large key, an almost unmanageable obstacle.
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To make the Magic Mirror's face perfectly symmetrical, Woolie drew one half and then traced the other.
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Eric Cleworth animated many scenes for the fight under Woolie's direction.
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The White Rabbit is in constant fear of being late.
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Remembering Woolie – Don Hahn
Wolfgang "Woolie" Reitherman was a man's man. Perpetually clad in a Hawaiian shirt, he reeked of the confidence that came from his years as an ace pilot during World War II, where he flew in Africa, India, China, and the South Pacific and earned a Distinguished Flying Cross medal.
Woolie joined Disney in 1933. His animation—the dinosaur battle in Fantasia, Monstro the whale in Pinocchio, and the clash between Prince Phillip and the dragon in Sleeping Beauty—mirrored the way he lived his life: powerful and full of vitality, energy, and quality.
He soon emerged as a natural leader, so much so that Walt Disney left him the keys to the Animation department in the mid-1960s as Disney's attentions turned to Disneyland, television, and live-action films. After Walt's death in 1966, Woolie became the galvanizing force of the animation crew during a very unsettling time.
I worked closely with him as an assistant director. The day I met him, he shook my hand with a grip that dislodged my ring finger. If John Wayne and Robert Mitchum had a baby, it would have been Woolie. When he talked, he had the habit of chomping on an unlit cigar until the end was horribly soggy, whereupon he would reach into his drawer, pull out a stained pair of scissors, cut off the end, and continue chomping away, all without missing a word.
He talked about flying a Grumman F6F Hellcat on a bombing run. I talked about my new Volkswagen Beetle. We compared favorite movies. His was The Guns of Navarone, mine was Chitty Chitty Bang Bang.
I got the job, but I knew this guy would forever influence my life. Woolie was not a fanboy animator, nor a cartoonist; he was a filmmaker who drew deeply from his life experience. He was a creative producer like Walt Disney, and I knew I wanted to be just like him someday.
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9. Anna, Elsa, and Olaf Finale ("In Summer")

(As boats approach unload area, ANNA, ELSA, and OLAF stand to the side and sing "In Summer.")

Olaf: Dah dah, dah doo,
Buh buh buh buh buh boo.

Olaf, Anna, and Elsa: The hot and the cold are both so intense,
Put 'em together…

Olaf: It just makes sense!
Rat dadat dadat dadat dadadadadoo
Olaf, Anna, and Elsa: Winter's a good time to stay in and cuddle,
Olaf: But put me in summer, and I'll be a…
Anna and Elsa: Happy snowman?
Olaf: Exactly!
Olaf, Anna, and Elsa: When life gets rough, 
I like to hold on to my dream.
Relaxing in the summer sun,

Olaf: Just lettin' off steam.
Oh, the sky will be blue…
Olaf, Anna, and Elsa: And you guys'll be there too…
Olaf: When I finally do what frozen things do,
Olaf, Anna, and Elsa: In summer!
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From All of Us to All of You

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🎶 From all of us to all of you,
A very merry Christmas
For all this bright and joyful night,
We're glad to have you with us

So gather 'round the lovely tree,
Where all the lights are shining
You'll see how happy we will be
While all the bells are chiming

Ding-dong-dingle! What a merry sound!
Ding-dong-dingle! Kris Kringle is in town

From all of us to all of you,
It's good to have you with us
Now here we go and here's our show
That says a very, merry, Christmas! ðŸŽ¶
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John Canemaker writes that these artists are "charged with a power to make audiences laugh and weep, sometimes (as did Chaplin) in the same scene."
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10. Unload (with Oaken's speech)

(Boats return to dock. Unload area announcements.)

Oaken: Yoo-hoo! Welcome back! Please remain seated 'til your boat comes to a complete stop at the dock and you are asked to get out to the right, ja? Bye-bye, now! Bye-bye!
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Do You Want to Build a Snowman?

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🎶 Do you wanna build a snowman?
Come on, let's go and play!
I never see you anymore
Come out the door
It's like you've gone away!

We used to be best buddies
And now we're not
I wish you would tell me why!

Do you wanna build a snowman?
It doesn't have to be a snowman.
Okay, bye. ðŸŽ¶
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Fly to Your Heart

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🎶 Watch all the flowers dance with the wind
Listen to snowflakes whisper your name
Feel all the wonder lifting your dreams
You can fly

Fly to who you are
Climb upon your star
You believe you'll find your wings
Fly to your heart ðŸŽ¶
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You Can Fly

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🎶 Think of a wonderful thought,
Any merry little thought
Think of Christmas, think of snow, think of sleigh bells
Off you go, like reindeer in the sky!
You can fly, you can fly, you can fly! ðŸŽ¶
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The Walt Disney Family Museum: The Man, the Magic, the Memories / The Disney Family Album / Disney Behind-the-Scenes Documentaries / American Experience: Walt Disney
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1989: Marc Davis†, Ollie Johnston†, Milt Kahl*, Ward Kimball†, Eric Larson*, Wolfgang "Woolie" Reitherman*, Frank Thomas†.
1990: John Hench†, Herb Ryman*, Richard M. Sherman, Robert B. Sherman†.
1991: Ken Anderson†, Sterling Holloway†, Fess Parker†.
1992: Bill Evans†, Annette Funicello†, Joe Grant†, Jack Hannah†.
1993: Buddy Ebsen†, Peter Ellenshaw†, Blaine Gibson†, Jimmy Macdonald*, Clarence Nash*, Card Walker†.
1994: Adriana Caselotti†, Jack Lindquist†.
1995: Wally Boag†, Fulton Burley†, Dean Jones†, Betty Taylor†.
1996: X Atencio†, Bill Justice†, Sam McKim†.
1998: Buddy Baker†, Kathryn Beaumont, Virginia Davis†, Roy E. Disney†, Al and Elma Milotte*, Dick Van Dyke.
1999: Mary Costa, Dick Nunis†.
2000: Harriet Burns†, Dick Jones†, Ruthie Tompson†.
2001: Bob Broughton†, Marty Sklar†, Tyrus Wong†.
(special commendation): Bob Thomas†
2002: Ken Annakin†
2003: Richard Fleischer†, Harrison "Buzz" Price†, Ilene Woods†.
2004: Rolly Crump†, Alice Davis†, Karen Dotrice, Bob Gurr, Mel Shaw†.
2005: Randy Bright*, Art Linkletter†.
2006: Tim Considine†, Kevin Corcoran†, David Stollery.
2007: Lucille Martin†, Floyd Norman, Dave Smith†.
2008: Wayne Allwine†, Burny Mattinson†, Walt Peregoy†.
2009: Don Iwerks
2013: Tony Baxter, Glen Keane
2015: Andreas Deja, Eyvind Earle*
2017: Garry Marshall*
2022: Don Hahn
2024: Mark Henn
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1. Beginnings (Marceline, Kansas City, Red Cross, Laugh-O-gram)
Walter Elias Disney was born in Chicago on December 5, 1901 in a home his father had built. He was the fourth son of Flora and Elias Disney, who had been hoping for a daughter. His sister, Ruth, was born two years later, almost to the day. His brother Roy was eight and a half years his senior; their relationship was especially close. "He was always looking out for us, for Walt and me. He was full of fun, and always doing something for the family," Ruth recalled. Roy would become Walt's lifelong business partner, and was always his best friend.
"My dad worked as a carpenter in Chicago on the World's Fair buildings. He worked for $1 a day, and out of that he and my mother saved enough money to go in business." — Walt Disney
In April of 1906, the family moved from Chicago to a farm Elias had purchased in Marceline, Missouri, It was a beautiful farm and provided Walt with wonderful memories, peopled with extraordinary characters who all managed in some way to enrich his youth. Robert Disney was Elias's closest brother, and his wife, Margaret, doted on Flora and Elias's family, especially Walt. She would bring him Big Chief drawing tablets and crayons, encourage him, and praise his work. Walt's uncle Mike Martin, married to a sister of Flora's, was a railroad engineer who worked the route between Fort Madison and Marceline and often stayed the night with the Disneys. He would bring treats, and his visits were always looked forward to. Doc Sherwood befriended little Walt and encouraged his drawing. Erastus Taylor, a Civil War vet, told amazing stories of his experiences and held Sunday concerts in his home, where Elias and another neighbor would play their fiddles, accompanied by the Taylors' daughter on the piano.
In spite of Elias's hard work, the farm did not provide a living, and in 1911 he moved his family to Kansas City, Missouri buying a distributorship for the morning Times and the evening and Sunday Star newspapers. For six years, Walt would help his father to deliver papers morning and evening, in all kinds of weather. They had to rise early, to collect the papers at 4:30 in the morning. After the delivery was completed, Elias would go home for a nap, and Walt would go on to school. After school, he had the evening deliveries to take care of.
In Kansas City, he discovered the magic of amusement parks, of moving pictures and vaudeville theater. He and Ruth attended the Benton School, and Walt, though an indifferent (probably sleepy) student, had a teacher, Miss Daisy Beck and a principal, Mr. Cottingham, who would remember him, and whom he would never forget. He also had an important friendship with a boy who lived down the street, Walt Pfeiffer, who shared his interest in drawing and theater. The two of them often went to the theater together, and would devise skits to perform at school, coached by Mr. Pfeiffer, who loved theater himself and encouraged the boys to enjoy it. Elias Disney was of a different opinion, however, and Walt had to sneak out of his room at night to meet his friend for these entertainments. The Pfeiffer home was a warm, welcoming place for Walt, and this friendship would last for the rest of both of the boys' lives.
In 1917, Elias sold his route and moved to Chicago to become the supervisor of plant construction at the O-Zell Company, a jelly factory in which he had invested. Walt worked as a handyman for the factory, but sought other jobs as well. He and Ruth attended McKinley High School in Chicago, with Walt joining the staff of the school magazine, The Voice, as its cartoonist and photographer. He also attended classes three nights a week at the Chicago Academy of Fine Arts.
In the late summer of 1918, Walt, like many young men of his time, was eager to join the military and get involved in the war, but he was too young. The American Ambulance Corps of the Red Cross was not strict about age however, and needed drivers. Still technically a year too young, Walt was able to change the birth date of 1901 on his passport application to 1900. He was accepted, and finally embarked for France on November 18. He arrived at Le Havre on December 4, the day before his seventeenth birthday.
His experience with the Red Cross lasted not quite one year, but it was an exciting, adventurous time of work and travel, and a rich source of memories and anecdotes for him. He returned home more mature in every way: physically taller and more worldly in outlook. Not content to stay in Chicago and work at the jelly factory, he returned to Kansas City, where Roy was living after his discharge from the navy. Roy was working at the First National Bank in Kansas City and planning to marry Edna Francis, sister of his longtime friend Mitch Francis. Walt's ambition at this time was to become a political cartoonist, and he hoped to find a job at one of the city's newspapers, but he was unsuccessful, Roy learned from a friend at the bank of two commercial artists who were looking for an apprentice. He told Walt, who hurried over to the Pesmen-Rubin Commercial Art Studio in the Gray Advertising Building. He was hired. He went immediately to tell his beloved aunt Margaret: "Auntie—they're paying me to draw!" But Margaret was dying and unable to understand what he was trying to tell her.
At Pesmen-Rubin, Walt met another artist his own age, Ub Iwerks. Both Walt and Ub were laid off at the end of the Christmas rush. After an unsuccessful attempt to start their own commercial art agency, they both went to work for the Kansas City Film Ad Company, which produced promotional films for local movie theaters. This proved to be a significant juncture in Walt's career, for it was here that he and Ub were introduced to the world of animated cartoons. Both were immediately fascinated by animation, and Walt learned more about it from two important sources: Eadweard Muybridge's photographic studies of human beings and animals in motion, and Animated Cartoons by E. G. Lutz, a recently published handbook that explained the basic principles of the art.
So taken with this new world was Walt that he began to experiment on his own. Most of Kansas City Film Ad's animated films were produced using jointed cutout figures; this kind of film could be produced quickly and cheaply, but Walt soon tired of it. Hand-drawn animation, in which the drawing actually seemed to have a life of its own, was far more interesting to him. Borrowing a stop-motion camera from his boss, Walt built a makeshift camera stand in his garage at home. He began to produce a series of Newman Laugh-O-grams, short reels of advertisements and animated topical gags, for a local theater chain. These reels included both "lightning sketches"—vignettes in which Walt's own hand seemed to be sketching a detailed drawing at lightning speed—and some fully animated scenes.
"We got books on animation and started to study." — Walt Disney
Encouraged by the success of this experiment, Walt recruited Rudy Ising and a few other artists and started work on a one-reel story cartoon, Little Red Riding Hood, based on the traditional fairy tale but enlivened with Jazz Age gags. As it neared completion early in 1922, Walt's entrepreneurial spirit reasserted itself, and he established his first animation studio: Laugh-O-gram Films Inc. Walt's Laugh-O-grams were a series of modernized fairy tales, beginning with Little Red Riding Hood. The eager young artists learned and refined their craft with each new film, and their cartoons took on a full range of gray tones and other effects.
But Walt and his staff, inexperienced in the ways of business, entered into an ill-advised contract with a distributor that was less than reliable, Soon Laugh-O-gram was in financial trouble, and Walt was tackling new projects in an effort to keep the little company afloat. One especially ambitious film, started in the spring of 1923, was Alice's Wonderland. This film began with a live-action story in which a little girl visited an animation studio—Laugh-O-gram's own office—and later, excited by what she had seen, dreamed her way into a cartoon world. Walt took a justifiable pride in Alice's Wonderland and began to write to potential distributors, including Margaret Winkler in New York, proposing an ongoing series of Alice films.
By the summer of 1923, however, it was clearly too late to save Laugh-O-gram Films. The little company declared bankruptcy. Walt, still buoyantly optimistic and carrying a print of Alice's Wonderland under his arm, boarded a train for Hollywood.
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Edna Francis Disney (1890–1984), Family (2003)
Edna Francis Disney lent her support to The Walt Disney Company even before its 1923 inception.
While dating Walt's older brother and her future husband, Company co-founder Roy O. Disney, Edna first met the "cute" 10-year-old boy Walter Elias Disney in Kansas City, Missouri, around 1911. As she recalled, "Roy and I were just going together… We stopped at a drugstore to get a soda, and Walt came to see Roy because he wanted a quarter or a half-dollar for paper to draw on. Even then, Roy provided the money for Walt's artistic ambitions."
A spirited woman, with an understanding heart and a ready opinion to share, Edna provided enthusiastic support and sound counsel to her business-genius husband as he helped grow his brother's creative venture from a humble storefront in Hollywood to an entertainment empire that spans the globe.
Edna was born to pioneer parents in Reece, Kansas, on January 16, 1890. The third of six children, she moved with her family to Kansas City at an early age. To help support the family, at 13 she found a job selling ribbons in a mercantile store… while standing on a box behind the counter.
Later, she worked at the Kansas City Star and the Kansas City Times. It was Edna's younger brother, who worked as a bank teller, who introduced her to another young bank employee.
She recalled, "My brother brought Roy home and they took my sister and me to a dance. Roy had only had two dance lessons; he wasn't very good." Thus began Roy and Edna's long, and sometimes long-distance romance.
After Roy served in the Navy in World War I, the couple planned to marry until he was diagnosed with tuberculosis. He spent the next several years recuperating at military hospitals in New Mexico, Arizona, and California. During this time, Edna and her family served as a surrogate family for Walt, whose parents had moved to Portland, Oregon, while he struggled with his first animation studio, Laugh O-gram Films in Kansas City.
She recalled, "Walt used to come out to our house. He was having kind of a struggle financially and when he'd get hungry, he'd come over. We'd feed him a good meal and he'd talk until almost midnight, about cartoon pictures mostly, and things he wanted to do."
After Walt moved to Hollywood in 1923, Roy left the hospital to help his brother start his film studio. Roy wrote to "his girl" Edna and they were married at the home of Uncle Robert Disney on Kingswell Avenue. Edna frequently assisted with office work at the fledgling studio, and along with Walt's wife, Lillian Bounds Disney, helped ink and paint animation cels.
As Roy E. Disney, former vice chairman of The Walt Disney Company and the only child of Roy and Edna, recalled, "Mother was a true partner with my father. She traveled with him around the world to visit colleagues. When they came to Burbank, she'd cook them chicken dinner at our home. After serving in her kitchen, she usually encouraged them to help wash the dishes after eating. She was good friends with many Disney employees; she had a unique gift for understanding people."
Edna Disney passed away on December 18, 1984, at age 94.
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2. Hollywood (Disney Bros., Ub Iwerks, Alice Comedies, Oswald)
In the summer of 1923, Walt arrived in Hollywood and was taken in by his uncle Robert, who had relocated there with his new wife Charlotte. Walt pursued his ambition to work in the movies, but openings at the studios were scarce, and he soon returned to his idea for a series of Alice Comedies. Margaret Winkler, on screening Alice's Wonderland, liked the concept and contracted to distribute a series of twelve pictures. On the night he received her telegram, Walt went straight to nearby Sawtelle Veterans' Hospital, where his brother, Roy, was recuperating, found his way to Roy's bedside, and proposed that they go into business together. Roy left the hospital the next morning, and in October 1923, the Disney Bros. studio was born.
"I came to Hollywood and arrived here in August 1923 with $40 in my pocket and a coat and a pair of trousers that didn't match." — Walt Disney
The Alice Comedies became Walt's first successful series and continued for the next three and a half years. The role of Alice was initially played by Virginia Davis (who had appeared in Alice's Wonderland) and then was taken over, in turn, by three other young actresses. The series continued to use the format of the first film: Alice would enter a cartoon world and interact with the cartoon creatures there, principally with a black cat who was eventually named Julius.
At first Walt himself did all the animation for the Alice Comedies, but soon he began to recruit additional artists, notably Ub Iwerks and other friends from Kansas City. By the end of 1924, Walt had hired enough animators that he himself had been able to withdraw from animation altogether, the better to concentrate on direction and story work, at which he excelled. Among his other new employees was a lovely young inker named Lillian Bounds. A romance soon sprang up between Walt and Lillian, and in July 1925 they were married.
During the run of the Alice Comedies, Walt gained invaluable experience as a filmmaker and producer. His distributor, Margaret Winkler, married Charles B. Mintz in 1923, and Walt found himself corresponding regularly with the critical and sometimes hostile Mintz. But the Alice Comedies continued their modest popularity, and Walt's skill and confidence as a filmmaker grew steadily. In 1926 the Disney studio moved into new quarters on Hyperion Avenue. Over the next decade, the Hyperion studio continued to thrive, and in time it would become the birthplace of some of Walt's greatest films.
By 1927, Walt, feeling increasingly restricted by the demands of live action in the Alice Comedies, determined to end them and start an all-animated series. Oswald the Lucky Rabbit, a spunky, energetic new character, made his public debut in Trolley Troubles in July 1927 and quickly became a cartoon star. Distributed by a major studio, Universal Pictures, the Oswald cartoons were soon shown in bigger and more prestigious theaters.
But Mintz had been maneuvering behind Walt's back, and when Walt, traveling with Lilly, went east in February 1928 to negotiate a second Oswald contract, he was confronted with an unpleasant surprise. Mintz had secretly signed up most of Walt's animation staff and plainly expected Walt to give up his status as an independent producer and become an employee of Winkler Pictures. Instead, Walt relinquished both Oswald and the defecting animators. It was the latest in a series of hard lessons for Walt. From that point on, he decided, he would not deal with middlemen. He would create a new series starring a new character, and this time the Disney studio would retain full ownership of the character and the films.
It all started with a mouse.
During the train ride back to California with Lilly, one of the most momentous events of Walt's career occurred: the birth of the character who would be christened Mickey Mouse. Ub Iwerks, who had remained loyal, worked with Walt to help develop the new character. The first two Mickey shorts were produced as silent pictures, but for the third entry, Steamboat Willie, Walt made the decision to join the talking picture revolution and produce a sound cartoon. During the summer of 1928, he and his staff worked to produce their film, carefully tailoring it to fit a musical score with voices and sound effects. Then, armed with the score and the completed film, Walt returned to New York. Working with independent producer Pat Powers, he added a sound track to his cartoon.
Steamboat Willie opened on November 18, 1928, at the Colony Theater in New York and was an immediate hit. For Walt, it was the beginning of an extraordinary success story.
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Ub Iwerks (1901–1971), Animation & Imagineering (1989)
Ub Iwerks was known at Disney for his animation genius and technical wizardry—as well as his unusual name. In February 1929, Walt Disney and his New York distributors were extremely pleased with Ub's animation on the Mickey Mouse cartoons, about which Walt wrote a letter to his wife, Lilly: "Everyone praises Ubb's artwork and jokes at his funny name," he wrote. "The oddness of Ubb's name is an asset—it makes people look twice when they see it. Tell Ubb that the New York animators take off their hats to his animation…"
Ubbe Eert Iwwerks was born to German-American parents on March 24, 1901, in Kansas City, Missouri. In 1919, he met fellow employee Walt Disney at the Pesmen-Rubin Commercial Art Studio. Both were 19 years old when, after being laid off, they decided to open their own business. Called Iwerks-Disney Studio Commercial Artists ("Disney-Iwerks," they decided, sounded too much like an eyeglass manufacturer), the enterprise lasted only a month before they both accepted jobs at the Kansas City Slide Company.
In 1922, when Walt formed Laugh-O-gram Films, Ub joined him as chief animator. The studio went bankrupt, however, and, two years later, Ub followed Walt to Hollywood. There, he joined the Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio to help produce the Alice Comedies series.
Ub is credited with sketching Mickey Mouse for the first time, and he served as chief directing animator for the Silly Symphony series before branching out on his own in 1930.
As an animator, Ub worked at record-breaking speed. He animated the first Mickey Mouse silent cartoon, Plane Crazy, entirely by himself within a three-week period, completing as many as 700 drawings a day. (Today, the average animator produces 80 to 100 drawings a week.)
After 10 years, Ub returned to the Studio, where he focused on technical development. As Disney's resident technical wizard, Ub invented technology that would revolutionize feature animation. One of his creations was the multi-head optical printer, used to combine live action and animated footage in Melody Time and Song of the South. He later won two Academy Awards® for designing an improved optical printer and for collaborating on the perfection of color traveling matte photography. It was primarily due to Ub's innovations that the Disney Studio moved to the forefront of photographic effects.
During the 1960s, Ub contributed his genius to the development of Disney theme park attractions, including it's a small worldGreat Moments with Mr. Lincoln, and The Hall of Presidents. Towards the end of his life, he devoted his time to the creation of innovations for the upcoming Walt Disney World project.
Ub Iwerks passed away on July 7, 1971, in Los Angeles.
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Virginia Davis (1918–2009), Animation (1998)
Walt Disney once said, "It all started with a mouse." The Walt Disney Studios, however, actually began five years before the birth of Mickey Mouse, with a four-year-old girl from Kansas City, Missouri, named Virginia Davis. In 1923, Virginia became Walt's first human star, appearing in the first 13 titles of his "Alice Comedies" series, which featured an innovative blend of live action and animation on film.
The comedies—low-budget, one-reel projects—featured simple plots about the adventures of a live girl in Cartoonland. As Virginia later recalled:
"It was always a little story where I would get into the cartoon through a dream or I was hit on the head with a baseball and suddenly I'd find myself in a world of cartoon characters."
Born to a homemaker and a traveling salesman in Kansas City, Missouri, on December 31, 1918, Virginia began taking dance and dramatic lessons at age two. A couple of years later, Walt Disney happened to see Virginia in a Warneke's Bread advertisement in a local theater. At the time, Walt was struggling with his first studio, Laugh-O-gram Films in Kansas City; later, when he went to produce his first Alice Comedy, Alice's Wonderland, he remembered Virginia's long, blonde ringlets and charming smile. Walt placed a call to her parents, who moved along with Virginia to California, and for the next two years, she starred in such Disney shorts as Alice's Day at SeaAlice's Wild West Show, and Alice's Spooky Adventure.
Virginia ended her tenure as Alice after 13 films, although Walt would go on to make more than 40 other Alice comedies. She continued performing in the theater, including a West Coast tour of Elmer Rice's Street Scene, and in a number of films for such studios as MGM, RKO, Paramount, and Fox. Among her credits are Three on a Match, with Joan Blondell, and The Harvey Girls, appearing alongside Cyd Charisse and Judy Garland. She also appeared in such early television shows as Your Hit Parade and One Man's Family.
Virginia went on to earn a degree from the New York School of Interior Design and became a decorating editor for the popular 1950s magazine Living for Young Homemakers. In 1963, she began a successful career in the real estate industry in Connecticut and, later, Southern California.
Over the years, Virginia remained in contact with The Walt Disney Company and was often a special guest at Disneyana Conventions.
Virginia Davis passed away on August 15, 2009, at the age of 90.
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Lillian Disney (1899–1997), Family (2003)
While Lillian Disney, wife of Company founder Walt Disney, worked behind the scenes in many ways to support the Company's growth, her most celebrated contribution is the naming of a certain animated character.
In 1928, as he rode a train from New York bound for Los Angeles, Walt devised a new character, "Mortimer Mouse," to save his Studio after a serious business setback. "Not Mortimer," Lillian replied when he told her his idea. "It's too formal. How about Mickey?" The rest, as they say, is history.
Born in Spalding, Idaho, on February 15, 1899, Lillian grew up in Lapwai, Idaho, on the Nez Perce Indian Reservation. There, her father worked as a blacksmith and federal marshal. She moved to Los Angeles in 1923, and won a job at the fledgling Walt Disney Studio as a secretary and inker of animated cels. Lillian met the boss, who sometimes asked her not to cash her $15-a-week paycheck. The boss soon met her family and on July 13, 1925, they married in Lewiston, Idaho.
"I think my dad fell in love with her almost immediately… she was an independent little lady," recalled daughter Diane Disney Miller.
Lillian traveled with her husband on many of his business trips, including the government-sponsored goodwill tour of South America in 1941, which resulted in the production of such animated features as Saludos Amigos and The Three Caballeros.
While raising their two daughters, Lillian served as a sounding board for her husband as he created films and the theme park that made him and his company known internationally. Lillian was a conservative balance to Walt's daring, and yet was indulgent, too, allowing him to dig a tunnel under her prized flower garden for his backyard railroad at their Holmby Hills estate.
As her nephew, former vice chairman of The Walt Disney Company Roy E. Disney recalled, Lillian was "always prepared to speak the truth, tough and warm and loving at the same time. She was a very special person. You couldn't help loving her and you'd never forget her… or her hearty laugh."
The publicity-shy Lillian ventured into the public arena after Walt's death in 1966 to lend support to the fulfillment of his dreams. In October 1971, she attended the dedication of Walt Disney World in Orlando, Florida, along with Company co-founder and Walt's loyal brother Roy O. Disney.
"I think Walt would have approved," she said to Roy and those who helped realize her husband's dream. Eleven years later, she returned to Florida to attend the 1982 dedication of EPCOT Center.
Lillian also lent support to Walt's venture into education, the multi-disciplinary California Institute of the Arts (CalArts), which opened in 1971 in Valencia. Among her gifts to the school were funds to remodel a campus theater and rename it the Walt Disney Modular Theater in 1993.
On May 12, 1987, Lillian announced a gift of $50 million to build a new symphony hall designed by architect Frank Gehry in Los Angeles. A long-time patron of the arts, this was her ultimate gift to the community and to the love of her life. The Walt Disney Concert Hall, home of the Los Angeles Philharmonic, debuted in October 2003.
Lillian suffered a stroke on December 15, 1997, 31 years to the day after the death of her husband, and passed away the following day. She was 98.
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3. New Horizons in the 1930s (Mickey Mouse, Silly Symphonies, Diane & Sharon Disney)
The 1930s witnessed a phenomenal creative explosion at the Walt Disney Studio. Building on his success with Mickey Mouse, Walt immediately launched an additional series of cartoons, based on Carl Stalling's idea for a "musical novelty” reel. The result was the Silly Symphonies, an innovative series of one-reel shorts that began with The Skeleton Dance in 1929 and continued to appear for a full decade afterward. Unlike most cartoon series, the Silly Symphonies were not built around a single, continuing character, but introduced new characters in each picture. Unified (at first) only by their common emphasis on must, the Symphonies became an award wiming showcase for the art of animation. They brought a new level of prestige to the studio, and to ammation itself.
Meanwhile, Mickey Mouse continued to flourish. The 1930s were Mickey's peak years—he appeared in his best films (his voice on the sound tracks provided by Walt himself), and also in a newspaper comic strip and an ever-increasing assortment of licensed character merchandise. Minnie Mouse, his sweetheart, had appeared in his earliest pictures and continued to thrive alongside him. Gradually more characters were added to the supporting cast: Pluto, a dim-witted hound; Dippy Dawg, a humanized dog who later evolved into Goofy; and a raucous, squawking duck named Donald. All these characters enjoyed a popularity of their own. In time, Donald Duck's popularity would surpass even Mickey's.
Behind the scenes, however, the Disney brothers experienced another serious setback when Pat Powers, their distributor and erstwhile benefactor, tried to take over their business. Early in 1930, Powers hired away Ub lwerks and Carl Stalling, two key members of the studio staff. Walt and Roy quickly rallied, hiring new artists and musicians and severing their ties with Powers. Columbia Pictures, which was already distributing the Silly Symphonies, took over distribution of the Mickey Mouse series as well. (Later the Disneys would move to still more prestigious distributors: United Artists in 1932 and RKO Radio Pictures in 1937.) The Powers Cinephone sound-recording system meanwhile was soon replaced by the technically superior RCA system.
Perhaps the most important Disney innovation of the 1930s was the art of personality animation—the expression of a character's personality through the way the character moved.
In one delightful, innovative cartoon after another, the studio transformed the face of animation. Among the studio's developments of the 1930s were:

COLOR. Walt had long wanted to produce his cartoons in color, but had been dissatisfied with the color processes available. The introduction of Technicolor's new three-strip process in 1932 finally provided the full, rich palette of colors he had been seeking. Flowers and Trees, a black-and-white Silly Symphony, was remade in Technicolor and caused a sensation in theaters, and soon all the Symphonies were being produced in color. Beginning with The Band Concert in 1935, the Mickey Mouse series also appeared in Technicolor.

DEPTH. Animated cartoons were commonly shot on a flat camera table, which was fine for most purposes but could not suggest three-dimensional settings. As Walt's cartoon world became increasingly elaborate, he sought a way to create a convincing illusion of depth in his films. The answer was the multi-plane camera crane, a towering device that added greatly to the cost of production, but made captivating new effects possible. The multiplane made its public debut in a 1937 Silly Symphony, The Old Mill.

CHARACTER. Perhaps the most important Disney innovation of the 1930s was the art of personality animation—the expression of a character's personality through the way the character moved. The studio achieved a breakthrough in this area with Three Little Pigs, a Silly Symphony featuring three pigs and a wolf with distinct, appealing personalities. Three Little Pigs scored a sensational success in 1933 and was followed by more films featuring a gallery of engaging, memorable characters.

The 1930s were a decade of great personal and professional growth for Walt Disney. Privately, he and Lilly were blessed by the births of their daughters, Diane and Sharon. Professionally, Walt soared to new heights as he developed and refined the art of animation. His efforts were recognized and respected by Hollywood and the world: his films were honored with Academy Awards and other tributes, and Walt himself was showered with distinctions, including honorary degrees from Harvard and Yale. As the decade drew to a close, it seemed that no goal was beyond his grasp.
"and I'll huff and I'll puff..."
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Santa's Workshop
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1998: Wilfred Jackson*.
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4. The Move to Features: Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (Snow White, Hyperion Studio, Animation Training)
Having overcome so many of the perceived limitations of animated cartoons. Walt now challenged the limits of the one-reel short and set out to produce a feature-length film. For his story, he chose the traditional fairy tale "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs." The production of Snow White (which Walt accomplished while still maintaining his output of Mickey Mouse and Silly Symphony shorts) would take four years and would prove one of the greatest challenges of his career. Some industry insiders predicted that it would fail disastrously.
This exciting venture reflected the restless, creative spirit that prevailed at Walt's Hyperion studio during the 1930s. As part of his preparation for the feature, Walt instituted a training program for the animators. Art instructor Don Graham was hired to teach a series of studio classes, focusing not on the making of static drawings, but on the study and analysis of movement. Walt insisted that his artists study live models and animals, not to duplicate reality in their animation, but to use it as a basis for convincing fantasy. Besides teaching the classes, Graham also helped recruit new artists for Snow White.
The training and the increased workforce were necessary, for this film offered the animators new and formidable challenges. The Seven Dwarfs represented an extreme exercise in personality animation: here were seven characters, all of similar height and appearance, each of whom had to be clearly distinguishable from all the others. Walt gave them names that expressed their personal traits, and, in numerous story conferences, worked with the artists and writers to develop a carefully delineated personality for each dwarf. In the finished film, the dwarfs emerged as seven distinct individuals. Snow White herself, along with the Prince and the Queen, presented an entirely different challenge: that of creating a convincing human character who moved in a believable way. Artists with expertise in human anatomy were assigned to these characters, and a young dancer, Marjorie Belcher, modeled for Snow White.
The key to the development of Snow White was the story. Walt was acknowledged by his staff as a master storyteller, and many of his artists remembered their introduction to the feature project: an evening meeting on the soundstage, during which Walt told the story of Snow White and acted all the parts. In succeeding months he worked closely with the story department, adding new scenes, removing old ones, and refining the film's continuity. Walt maintained his focus on the overall arc of the story; some sequences that were entertaining in themselves—including a "Soup Sequence" that had already been animated—were removed because they did not contribute to the feature as a whole.
The finished film owed much to its music, which included eight songs by staff composer Frank Churchill. The songs were published in sheet-music form and issued in a special sound track record album, and some achieved success in their own right in the popular music market. This was only a small part of the film's publicity and promotion; a wide variety of Snow White books, toys, and other merchandise was marketed in coordination with the release of the film.
"All the Hollywood brass turned out for my cartoon! That was the thing, and went way back to when I first came out here and went to my first premiere. I just hoped that someday they'd be going in to a premiere of a cartoon." — Walt Disney
The making of Snow White was recognized from the start as a risky venture, and in the closing months of production, as costs climbed to astronomical new heights, the risk became greater than ever. Walt was reluctantly persuaded to show the unfinished feature to Joe Rosenberg, of the Bank of America, who recognized the potential of this captivating film and extended the studio the necessary credit to finish it. In the end, Walt's gamble was vindicated on December 21, 1937, when the world premiere of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs was held at Hollywood's Carthay Circle Theatre. An audience of hardened industry professionals embraced the film ecstatically, and Walt and his artists were reassured. Confounding the pessimists, Snow White went on to achieve an enormous worldwide success, and laid the groundwork for even more ambitious projects.
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Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs – The Silly Song
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Made against enormous odds, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs proved revolutionary: cinema's first feature-length animated film with synchronized sound. Detractors had dismissed it as "Disney's folly," but, on its release, all criticism was swept aside and Snow White was acknowledged as a triumph of cinematic storytelling. Disney originally intended Alice in Wonderland to be his first full-length film, but the eventual choice of the Grimm fairy tale was perfect for Disney's feature debut: a universally known story with strongly defined characters that lent itself to a visual presentation of comedy, pathos, romance, and terror as powerful as that of any live-action film. Sophistication in animation, subtle use of color, and stunning visual effects elevated the cartoon into an art form and established a new future for Disney and his studio.
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World Premiere: December 21, 1937 (Los Angeles)
Technical Specifications: Technicolor, 1.33:1, 83 minutes
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1989: Les Clark*, Milt Kahl*, Ward Kimball†, Eric Larson*, Wolfgang "Woolie" Reitherman*, Frank Thomas†.
1991: Ken Anderson†, Claude Coats†
1992: Joe Grant†, Ken O'Connor†
1993: Pinto Colvig*, Jimmy Macdonald*
1994: Adriana Caselotti†, Bill Cottrell†, David Hand*, Paul J. Smith*
1995: Fred Moore*
1998: James Algar*, Wilfred Jackson*, Ben Sharpsteen*, Vladimir "Bill" Tytla*
1999: Norm Ferguson*, Hamilton Luske*
2001: Frank Churchill*, Leigh Harline*
2007: Art Babbitt*, Marge Champion†
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Jimmy MacDonald (1906–1991), Animation—Voice (1993)
Jimmy Macdonald was a one-man sound effects wizard. Over his 48-year career with Disney, he created and assembled one of the largest and most impressive sound effects libraries in motion picture history. Beginning in 1934, he added extra dimension to all of Disney's animated shorts and features including even more current offerings such as the Mouseworks television series. He also worked on the soundtracks for most of the Studio's live-action films up through the mid-1980s. But perhaps most notable to fans was his greatest role: that of Mickey Mouse, to whom Jimmy gave voice from 1946 until 1977.
Born John James Macdonald in Dundee, Scotland, on May 19, 1906, Jimmy came to the United States when he was only a month old. He grew up in the Philadelphia area and received a correspondence school degree in engineering before moving to California in 1927. His first job was with the Burbank Engineering Department.
In 1934, he was playing drums and percussion for the Dollar Steamship Lines when the band, in between cruises, was called to the Disney Studios to record for a Mickey Mouse short. Jimmy stayed on to work in the newly formed Disney Sound Effects Department, doing vocal effects and cartoon voices.
His voice repertoire included yodeling, whistling, and sneezing for the Dwarfs in Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, barks for Pluto, and, on many occasions, the excitable, high-pitched voices of Chip and Dale.
Rarely was there a sound Jimmy could not make with one of the more than 500 innovative Rube Goldberg-like contraptions that he built from scratch. He could create sounds as obscure as a spider web shimmering or a friendly bumblebee washing up before supper. Animator and Disney Legend Xavier Atencio once recalled, "If he couldn't get a particular sound he wanted from one of those gizmos, Jimmy would do it with his mouth."
In 1946, Walt Disney handpicked Jimmy to be his successor as the official voice of Mickey Mouse, beginning with the "Mickey and the Beanstalk" segment of Fun and Fancy Free. Jimmy provided the famed mouse's familiar falsetto on all film and television projects up until the late 1970s.
On screen, Jimmy was the silhouetted figure of a timpani player in Fantasia. Four decades later, in 1982, he assisted conductor and Disney Legend Irwin Kostal in the digital re-recording of that film. As an original member of the popular jazz group, "The Firehouse Five Plus Two," Jimmy played drums and made several Disney television appearances in the 1950s. In the live-action film arena, he supplied sound effects for everything from the Academy Award®-wining True-Life Adventures series up through The Black Hole in 1979. For the 1977 animated feature The Rescuers, he came out of retirement to provide sounds for the feisty dragonfly, Evinrude.
Jimmy Macdonald passed away on February 1, 1991, in Los Angeles.
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Frank Churchill (1901–1942), Music (2001)
Composer Frank Churchill's toe-tapping "Who's Afraid of the Big Bad Wolf?" featured in Disney's 1933 animated short Three Little Pigs, raised the spirits of countless Depression-weary audiences who adopted the song as a resilient national anthem of hope. Shortly after the release of the Academy Award®-winning cartoon, Frank spoke of the song's surprising success when more than 39,000 copies of sheet music sold within three days of publication in New York City alone.
Quoted in Photoplay magazine, Frank said, "It seems to be on every phonograph record … and practically every orchestra in the country is featuring this number."
Inspired by the film's success, Walt Disney entrusted Frank to compose music for his first feature-length animated motion picture Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, along with Disney Legend Leigh Harline. Ultimately, it was the composer's musical genius that helped bridge the Studio's daring transition from animated shorts to features in 1937.
Born October 20, 1901, in Rumford, Maine, Frank moved to Southern California with his family when he was four years old. An instinctive musician, inspired by classical music and composer Franz Schubert, Frank won his first professional job as a pianist at 15 accompanying silent movies at a local theater in Ventura, California.
At his parents' behest, he began pre-med studies at the University of California at Los Angeles, but soon dropped out of school to pursue a career in music. For a time he played piano for honky-tonks in Tijuana, Mexico, followed by an orchestra in Tucson, Arizona. He returned to Hollywood in 1924, and, despite his lack of formal musical education, Frank won a contract as an accompanist and soloist with radio station KNX. He later recorded for RKO Radio Pictures.
In December 1930, Frank joined The Walt Disney Studios where he scored nearly 65 animated shorts, including Mickey's Gala PremiereFunny Little Bunnies, and Who Killed Cock Robin? He also wrote music for the famous sticky flypaper sequence featured in Playful Pluto.
Tall, slender, quiet, and reserved, Frank worked from a mere idea, story sequence, or character to develop such classic Disney songs as "Whistle While You Work," "Heigh-Ho," and "Someday My Prince Will Come" for Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. His work earned an Oscar® nomination for Best Music, Score in 1938.
He was subsequently elevated to supervisor of music and went on to contribute to The Reluctant Dragon, starring humorist Robert Benchley. Frank can even be seen in the film, during the Studio tour sequence. In 1942, he received two Academy Award nominations for his work on Dumbo, including Best Music, Scoring of a Musical Picture and Best Song for "Baby Mine," co-written with fellow Legend Ned Washington. A year later, his work on Bambi, including the ballad "Love Is a Song," co-written with Lyricist Larry Morey, received similar dual nominations.
Frank Churchill passed away on May 14, 1942, in Newhall, California.
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Marge Champion (1919–2020), Animation (2007)
Marge Champion is something of a golden girl. Not only is she a veteran of the golden age of MGM musicals, but also the golden age of television—and the golden age of Disney Animation, including several of the greatest animated features of all time.
Marjorie Celeste Belcher was born on September 2, 1919, in Los Angeles. She began dancing as a child under the instruction of her father, Ernest Belcher, a noted Hollywood ballet coach who trained Shirley Temple, Cyd Charisse, and Gwen Verdon. Marge was a ballet teacher at her father's studio by the time she was 12.
A short time later, she was approached with the seemingly preposterous notion of auditioning for a cartoon. "A talent scout came to my father's studio sometime in 1933," Marge said, "and chose three of us out of the class to audition for this."

She was the live-action reference model for the heroine of Disney's feature-length cartoon Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, performing dances, scenes, and special movements so the animators could caricature her actions and make their princess as human as possible.
She later modeled for the Blue Fairy in Pinocchio and Hyacinth Hippo in the "Dance of the Hours" segment of Fantasia, a ballet parody that she also helped choreograph. Marge even recalls doing some modeling for Mr. Stork in Dumbo.
She appeared in Honor of the West and All Women Have Secrets under the name "Marjorie Bell," and became a legend in Hollywood with Gower Champion, whom she married in 1947.
They went on to appear together in hit musical films including Show BoatLovely to Look AtGive a Girl a Break, and Jupiter's Darling, becoming the screen's most popular dance team since Astaire and Rogers.
The Champions also fixed their stardom through frequent television appearances including The Red Skelton ShowGeneral Electric TheaterThe United States Steel Hour The Dinah Shore Chevy Show and Toast of the Town. The couple even starred in their own situation comedy, The Marge and Gower Champion Show, which ran briefly in 1957.
Among their collaborations, Marge and Gower Champion also staged the dances for the Broadway musical revues Lend an Ear and Make a Wish.
After the couple's divorce in 1973, Marge co-authored two books with Marilee Zdenek, Catch the New Wind and God Is a Verb. She choreographed Whose Life Is It Anyway?The Day of the Locust, and Queen of the Stardust Ballroom, for which she received an Emmy Award®.
Marge is a Trustee Emeritus of the Williamstown (MA) Theatre Festival, has taught master classes at the Jacob's Pillow Dance Festival, and was a member of the Advisory Board of the Berkshire Theatre Festival. In 1997, Massachusetts honored Marge with its Commonwealth Award, citing her "leadership as a true patron of the arts."
She remembers her Disney days with fondness. "The atmosphere was like a giant high school or college, as far as I was concerned. Mr. Disney, for me, was like a very friendly head principal. Now, that's a 14-year-old's point of view. I later on learned that he was probably one of the most important men, certainly in animation, and probably in the movie industry."
Marge passed away on October 21, 2020, in Los Angeles, California. She was 101.
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Sequence 8A: Entertainment

1989: Les Clark*, Frank Thomas†
1995: Fred Moore*
1998: James Algar*, Wilfred Jackson*, Vladimir "Bill" Tytla*
1999: Hamilton Luske*
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5. "We Were in a New Business" (Burbank Studio, Bambi, Pinocchio, Sorcerer's Apprentice)
The success of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs marked a profound turning point for Walt Disney. Freed from the financial restrictions that had bound him for so long, he was able to indulge his most ambitious ideas. In the summer of 1938, he and Roy started construction on a new, state-of-the-art studio in Burbank, California. As contrasted with the crowded, haphazard conditions that had marked the Hyperion Avenue location, the design of the new studio (by architect Kem Weber) afforded maximum comfort and efficiency for the making of animated films. By the spring of 1940 this beautiful facility was finished, and the staff had moved in. Some artists luxuriated in their new surroundings, but others felt increasingly isolated from the boss and from each other.
While the Burbank studio took shape, Walt and his staff were going ahead with the production of new and ambitious feature-length films. Bambi, based on the book by Felix Salten, had been started in 1937, even before the completion of Snow White, and for a time it was planned as the second Disney feature. But Bambi posed technical challenges that delayed its production. In particular, Walt and his artists were determined that the deer in the film should not be the cuddly cartoon deer of earlier pictures, but should convincingly represent real deer in the forest—while still retaining a full range of facial expressions. In extensive training sessions on animal anatomy, and through the study of live animals, both in captivity and filmed in the wild, the animators worked to achieve this goal. Bambi was not completed and released until 1942.
Meanwhile, the second Disney feature to emerge was Pinocchio, Collodi's story of the adventures of a living puppet. Maintaining the same high standard of character animation that had distinguished Snow White, this film added a new level of production gloss, and in particular, sophisticated effects animation: glistening highlights, rounded surfaces, and eerily atmospheric underwater scenes. In the end. Pinocchio became the most lavish, lovingly detailed animated feature in history, and one of the most expensive. A cricket that had been a minor character in the book was transformed into Jiminy Cricket, one of the film's central characters, who served as Pinocchio's conscience. Show-business veteran Cliff Edwards found a second career as the voice of Jiminy Cricket.
Among the new Disney developments at this time was the Character Model Department. Headed by Joe Grant, this department produced not only model sheets but actual three-dimensional models of major characters. By turning these models, the animators could instantly see how the characters looked from any angle. New technical developments, too, proliferated, including refinements to the original multiplane camera. Eager to take full advantage of this device, the artists pushed it to the limit of its capabilities. Some "multiplane" scenes became so elaborate that even the standard multiplane cranes could not accommodate them; instead, they were filmed on horizontal tracks on the soundstage.
"We don't actually make films for children. We make films that children can enjoy along with their parents." – Walt Disney
"Walt was really imbuing all of us with something that made us feel that we were part of a renaissance in the animated cartoon business." — Mel Shaw, animator
As Walt's prestige continued to increase in the late 1930s, prominent artists and writers sought him out. Some, like Alexander Woollcott and Frank Lloyd Wright, were invited to lecture at the studio; others, like Oskar Fischinger, actually worked on Disney films. Walt's casual conversation with conductor Leopold Stokowski led Stokowski to participate in producing a unique short, The Sorcerer's Apprentice, starring Mickey Mouse and set to the original Paul Dukas score, played by a full orchestra. This in turn developed into another strikingly ambitious Disney feature, Fantasia, with eight classical compositions illustrated by means of animation. The music for this groundbreaking feature was performed by the Philadelphia Orchestra, conducted by Stokowski and recorded via an innovative stereophonic sound process dubbed Fantasound. Walt hoped to exhibit Fantasia in concert halls and to continue to produce new segments for it.
Unfortunately, his plans were scaled back after the film's disappointing box-office reception. For most of its exhibition life, Fantasia would be shown in theaters with a standard sound track. Compounding the disappointment, none of these subsequent features duplicated the spectacular worldwide success of Snow White during their initial releases. The war in Europe, which was expanding into a world war and effectively closing the European film markets to American producers, significantly reduced the returns on these films. And the war and other events would continue to alter Walt's course during the early 1940s.
The unnamed sorcerer in The Sorcerer's Apprentice was nicknamed Yen Sid ("Disney" spelled backward) by the Disney artists. Leopold Stokowski suggested the title Fantasia, which literally means "A medley of familiar themes, with variations and interludes."
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Bambi – Bambi and Thumper ice skating
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This film uses the medium of animation to chart the life of a deer in the woods. We meet Bambi as a newborn fawn, observe his first efforts to walk and explore the world around him, and share both his excitement and his heartbreak as he learns important lessons in life. In the end, he assumes the leadership role previously occupied by his father: the Great Prince of the Forest. More than five years in the making, Bambi represented an enormous technical challenge for the Disney artists. The animation of the deer, in particular, was based on extensive study of the anatomy and movement of real deer. These natural principles were combined with the studio's already high standard of character animation to produce a singularly convincing brand of visual fantasy.
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World Release: August 9, 1942 (London)
U.S. Release: August 13, 1942
Technical Specifications: Technicolor, 1.33:1, 69 minutes
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1989: Marc Davis†, Ollie Johnston†, Milt Kahl*, Eric Larson*, Frank Thomas†.
1991: Sterling Holloway†
1993: Clarence Nash*
1996: Bill Justice†
1994: David Hand*
1998: James Algar*
2000: Retta Scott*
2001: Frank Churchill*, Tyrus Wong†
2004: Mel Shaw†
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The Making of Bambi: A Prince Is Born
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1992: Joe Grant†
2015: Andreas Deja
2022: Don Hahn
"Of all Walt Disney's animated classics, the heartfelt story and natural wonders of Bambi seem to touch more people more deeply than any of the fantasy worlds created in his fairy tales. Now, through music, footage and artwork, never before seen by the public, we will celebrate the making of this Disney masterpiece."
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Walt Disney's Bambi: The Magic Behind the Masterpiece
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"Walt Disney started planning Bambi in 1936, while still in production on his first full-length animated feature, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. In the following rare excerpt from the original Disneyland television series, Walt explains how his artists finally achieved Bambi's breathtaking realism."
"At first, animals were brought into studio art classes for close-up study by the Disney artists."
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Frank Thomas — Supervising Animator
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"A pair of baby deer, appropriately named Bambi and Faline, were imported from Maine and happily housed behind the studio where the animators could have access to real moving inspiration."
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Eric Larson — Supervising Animator
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"To create a realistic look, nature photographers documented the hidden textures of the forest environment. Disney artists created hundreds of paintings and drawings that capture the many moods required to bring the forest to life. What makes many of these drawings even more remarkable is that despite their incredible detail, they're actually extremely small. Pastels and watercolors capture the seasonal colors and emotions of life in the forest."
"If you ever wondered how the artists perfected such realistic details as a single drop of rain, here's the secret: Animators studied slow motion photography of drops of milk that reveal the elaborate splash patterns that usually disappear in the blink of an eye. Strange shapes begin appearing on the animator's drawing boards. Drawing by drawing, drop by drop, a rainstorm was created."
"While the images for this rain drop sequence always remain the same, an early concept considered a different song to be sung from the point of view of the falling rain drops. Even here, the technique of using vocals is a scoring tool as evident. Presented here for the first time is the original test demo of the Rain Song from June of 1938, illustrated with concept and storyboard art."
"Once the animators were comfortable with drawing real animals, they had to adapt them into characters that could supply the range of expression and emotion needed to tell the story."
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Marc Davis — Animator
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"A cute baby rabbit character was developed to give the story much-needed comedy relief."
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Ollie Johnston — Supervising Animator
Peter Behn — Voice of Thumper
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"Here in rare newsreel footage, we see a group of studio visitors watch as Frank Thomas animates a sequence with Thumper. Characters were animated using pencil drawings on paper that were then photographed to test the flow of movement and expression."
"Disney Studios' ink and paint department created all their own paints. For Bambi, nearly 250,000 cels were drawn and painted. When you combine that figure with the animation drawings, concept art, layouts, character designs and backgrounds, over a million drawings went in to making a little fawn come to life. Pretty amazing, isn't it, Bambi?"
"To heighten the realism of Bambi, the multi-plane camera was used extensively. By painting different layers of a scene on separate sheets of glass and moving them independently as they're photographed one frame at a time, flat art could create the illusion of depth. This opening sequence is an excellent example of the magic of the multi-plane camera."
"When Bambi was first released in 1942, it was an immediate triumph, and was recognized as one of animation's all-time greatest achievements. Even now, over half a century later, Bambi continues to delight audiences. Perhaps because of its stark realism, it also lives on as one of childhood's most vividly memorable family classics."
"Bambi stands out as one of the first environmentally conscious films ever made. It shows that without responsible thinking, man can easily become the enemy of nature."
"The careless hunter's campfire almost destroys everything we've come to care about, and serves as a valuable lesson for everyone to respect all of nature's creatures and habitats. Despite the inherent traumas and heartbreaks of the struggle for survival in the wild, Bambi and his friends give us a life-affirming example of the resilience of the spirit."
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Tyrus Wong (1910–2016), Animation (2001)
While inspirational artist Tyrus "Ty" Wong worked at The Walt Disney Studios only three years, between 1938 and 1941, his impact on the animated classic Bambi endures.
As legendary animators Frank Thomas and Ollie Johnston point out in their book about the making of the motion picture, "He set the color schemes along with the appearance of the forest in painting after painting. Paintings that captured the poetic feeling that had eluded us [artists] for so long. Ty Wong not only inspired the other visual artists, but he created a standard that was met by musicians and special effects too."
Born in Taishan (then Xinning), China, on October 25, 1910, nine-year-old Ty moved to America with his father in 1919, eventually landing in Los Angeles, California. While an indifferent student, he loved sketching and won a scholarship to nearby Otis Art Institute. After graduating in 1935, Ty exhibited his watercolors and participated in a W.P.A. project, established by the Roosevelt administration during the Great Depression, creating two paintings each month for exhibition in public libraries and government buildings.
Looking for steady employment, he joined The Walt Disney Studios to work on animated shorts, but quickly moved into feature films after submitting landscape paintings with deer as early concepts for Bambi, which was in pre-production.
Among his paintings was a stunning image of a stag fight filled with dynamic action, strong compositions, and dramatic lightning.
When Walt Disney saw Ty's inspirational sketches, he was intrigued by their mysterious quality. The artist later told animation historian John Canemaker for his book Before the Animation Begins, "Walt wanted something different for Bambi." As Thomas and Johnston wrote, "In contrast to the paintings that showed every detail of tiny flowers, broken branches, and fallen logs, Ty had a different approach and certainly one that had never been seen in an animated film before. He [Ty] explained, 'Too much detail—I tried to keep the thing very, very simple and create the atmosphere, the feeling of the forest.'"
Ty left Disney before Bambi was released in 1942. He joined Warner Brothers and for more than 25 years developed story boards and concept sketches for motion pictures, including the 1949 World War II saga Sands of Iwo Jima, starring John Wayne.
He took an early retirement to pursue his own passions, including exhibiting and selling watercolors, designing Christmas cards for Hallmark and other companies, illustrating magazine covers for Reader's Digest and other publications, painting ceramics sold through Neiman-Marcus, and designing, constructing, and flying kites that are masterful expressions of his artistic sensibilities.
More than 50 years after leaving Disney, the Studio approached Ty about serving as inspirational sketch artist on The Legend of Mulan, set in ancient China. He declined, however, saying his work with animated films was no longer an important part of his artistic life.
Ty Wong passed away on December 30, 2016 at 106 years old.
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Mel Shaw (1914–2012), Animation (2004)
Animator and story man Mel Shaw has been called one of Disney's "elder statesmen" of animation. Walt Disney, who personally recruited Mel to join his team, observed another side. During his early polo playing days, Mel first met Walt at the field, where Walt announced, "You ride like a wild Indian!" And thus, the door opened for Mel to infuse his passion into Disney animation.
Born Melvin Schwartzman in Brooklyn on December 19, 1914, Mel discovered his artistic bent at age 10, when selected as one of only 30 children from the state of New York to participate in the Student Art League Society. Two years later, his soap sculpture of a Latino with a pack mule won second prize in a Procter & Gamble soap carving contest, earning the young artist national notoriety.
In 1928, his family moved to Los Angeles, where Mel attended high school and entered a scholarship class at Otis Art Institute. But the teen had an itch to become a cowboy and ran away from home to work on a Utah ranch.
After four months of backbreaking work, he returned home and took a job creating title cards for silent movies at Pacific Titles, owned by Leon Schlesinger. With help from Schlesinger, two former Disney animators, Hugh Harman and Rudy Ising, had made a deal with Warner Bros. and soon Mel joined Harman-Ising Studios as animator, character designer, story man, and director. While there, he worked with Orson Welles storyboarding a live-action/animated version of The Little Prince.
In 1937, Mel arrived at Disney, contributing to Fantasia (1940), Bambi (1942), and The Wind in the Willows, which later became a segment in The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad (1949).
His Disney career was interrupted by World War II, when Mel served the U.S. Army Signal Corps as a filmmaker under Lord Lewis Mountbatten, helping produce films including a live action/animated documentary of the Burma campaign. He also served as art editor and cartoonist for the Stars and Stripes newspaper in Shanghai.
After the War, he ventured into business with Bob Allen, former MGM Studios animator. As Allen-Shaw Productions, Mel designed and created the original Howdy Doody marionette puppet for NBC; illustrated the first Bambi children's book for Disney; and designed children's toys, architecture, and even master plans for cities, including Century City, California.
In 1974, The Walt Disney Studios called upon Mel to help in the transition between retiring animators and the next generation of Disney artists. Mel offered skill and knowledge to such Disney motion pictures as The RescuersThe Fox and the HoundThe Great Mouse DetectiveBeauty and the BeastThe Lion King, and more.
Mel completed his autobiography Animator on Horseback at his home in Acampo, California. He passed away on November 22, 2012, in Reseda, California.
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Pinocchio – I've Got No Strings
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"Disney has deftly pulled the story together and made a tight dramatic structure out of the rambling sequence of events in the (Carlo) Collodi book. Pinocchio's wish to be a real boy remains the film's underlying theme, but "becoming a real boy' now signifies the wish to grow up, not the wish to be good. Our greatest fear is that he may not make his way safely through the minefields of his various adventures to get what, finally, he truly deserves…About two years were devoted to the production of Pinocchio, easily the best film the Disney studio ever created, as well as the most fearless and emotionally charged. Over 1 million drawings appear on the screen, and this does not include tens of thousands of preliminary drawings, story sketches, atmosphere sketches, layouts, character models and stage settings…The movie contains so many memorable episodes; for example, the one in which Jiminy and Pinocchio converse in bubbling speech as they move about the ocean floor, looking for Monstro the whale, and the swallowed Geppetto…Watching Pinocchio now, I am inevitably struck by a sense of regret—of loss. It would almost certainly be impossible to finance such an enterprise today. The movie has the golden glamour of a lost era; it is a monument to an age of craft and quality in America." — Maurice Sendak, Walt Disney's Triumph: The Art of Pinocchio
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World Premiere: February 7, 1940 (New York)
Technical Specifications: Technicolor, 1.33:1, 87 minutes
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1989: Les Clark*, Ollie Johnston†, Milt Kahl*, Ward Kimball†, Eric Larson*, John Lounsbery*, Wolfgang "Woolie" Reitherman*, Frank Thomas†.
1991: Ken Anderson†, Claude Coats†.
1992: Joe Grant†, Ken O'Connor†.
1994: Bill Cottrell†, Paul J. Smith*.
1995: Fred Moore*
1998: Wilfred Jackson*, Ben Sharpsteen*, Vladimir "Bill" Tytla*.
1999: Norm Ferguson*, Hamilton Luske*.
2000: Cliff Edwards*, Dick Jones†.
2001: Leigh Harline*, Ned Washington*.
2007: Art Babbitt*
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Joe Grant (1908–2005), Animation (1992)
Story artist Joe Grant's lengthy career at The Walt Disney Studios came full circle. In 1940, he contributed to Fantasia and, 50 years later, he fathered the "flamingo with a yo-yo" concept for the "Carnival of the Animals" sequence featured in Fantasia 2000.
In fact, Joe enjoyed two separate careers at Disney. His first began in the early 1930s, when he contributed to the story and character development of such animated classics as Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs and Pinocchio. Then, in 1949, he left Disney to pursue his own artistic ventures. Years later, in 1989, he received an unexpected phone call from Disney's feature animation department, asking if he would consult on Beauty and the Beast.
Subsequent Disney animated films, such as AladdinThe Lion King, and Mulan, benefited from Joe's talent and humor. Former Walt Disney Feature Animation President Thomas Schumacher once said, "Joe is both a creative force and a touchstone. Not only is he among the most prolific artists in feature animation, but he's always willing to let me run an idea by him and I always get an honest assessment. I depend on him as a sounding board for what is appealing, charming and entertaining."
Born in New York City on May 15, 1908, the son of a successful newspaper art editor, Joe was educated in the newsroom by his father. His first professional break came when he was hired as a staff illustrator for The Los Angeles Record, sketching weekly cartoons and caricatures of Hollywood celebrities. His drawings caught the eye of Walt Disney, who hired Joe to design caricatures for Mickey's Gala Premiere in 1933.
Walt eventually invited Joe to join the Studio, where he soon became one of its top writers and gagmen.
He also founded the Character Model Department, where characters were designed and visuals and stories developed. As head of the department, it was often said that no model sheet was official until it bore the seal "O.K., J.G."
Along with his writing partner and fellow Disney Legend Dick Huemer, Joe accompanied Walt and Leopold Stokowski on a retreat to select music for Fantasia and, later, led its story development. He also co-wrote Dumbo, which was inspired by a children's book. During World War II, Joe contributed to many patriotic-themed shorts including the Academy Award®-winning Der Fuehrer's Face. Other early credits included The Reluctant DragonSaludos AmigosMake Mine Music, and Alice in Wonderland.
After his return to the Studio, Joe contributed to the visual and character development of a number of features, including PocahontasThe Hunchback of Notre DameHercules, and Disney/Pixar's Monsters, Inc.
Joe worked four days a week at Disney until he passed away on May 6, 2005, nine days short of his 97th birthday. His story, alongside that of fellow Disney Legend Joe Ranft, is told in the 2010 book Two Guys Named Joe: Master Animation Storytellers Joe Grant & Joe Ranft.
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Cliff Edwards (1895–1971), Animation—Voice (2000)
Cliff Edwards' uniquely ebullient voice won him the role as Jiminy Cricket in Pinocchio and resulted in one of the most inspirational of Disney songs, the Oscar®-winning "When You Wish Upon a Star."
As film critic Leonard Maltin wrote for a Cliff Edwards musical compilation released under the Take Two label, "His casting as the voice of Jiminy Cricket has granted him a kind of immortality; what man, woman or child hasn't heard him sing 'When You Wish Upon a Star?'"
Born in Hannibal, Missouri, on June 14, 1895, Cliff ran away from home at 14. He eventually landed in St. Louis, where he sang for nickels in saloons.
He learned the ukulele and developed an unusual singing style that he called "eefin," where he created a kazoo-like sound with his elastic, three-octave range voice. When a waiter couldn't remember his name, nicknaming him Ike, Cliff began to bill himself as "Ukulele Ike."
While living in Chicago he worked with pianist Bobby Carleton, who wrote the song "Ja Da;" the duo transformed it into one of the biggest hits of the 1920s. Almost overnight, Cliff became a popular crooner due to such recordings as "June Night."
On the stages of New York, Cliff worked with many stars of the time, including stuttering comedian Joe Frisco at the Palace Theatre. In 1924, he stole the show in George Gershwin's Lady Be Good, starring Fred Astaire, when he introduced the song "Fascinatin' Rhythm." He later replaced Rudy Vallee as the star of George White's Scandals.
In 1928, Cliff arrived in Los Angeles and signed a four-year contract with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, debuting in the Robert Montgomery feature So This Is College? He went on to introduce the song "Singin' in the Rain" in The Hollywood Revue of 1929, and established himself as a bona fide film star with appearances in more than 100 motion pictures including Gone With the Wind.
After Pinocchio, Cliff encored the voice of Jiminy Cricket in such Disney films as 1947's Fun and Fancy Free. In the years that followed, he would appear as himself, with ukulele in hand, or vocally as Jiminy Cricket in more than 30 episodes of the popular television series Mickey Mouse Club. Cliff also voiced one of the crows in the 1941 animated feature Dumbo, in which he introduced the infectious "When I See an Elephant Fly." In 1956, he recorded his final album, Ukulele Ike Sings Again," for the Disneyland label.
Cliff Edwards passed away on July 17, 1971, in Hollywood, California.
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Dick Jones (1927–2014), Animation—Voice (2000)
Dick Jones was 10 years old and already a veteran actor in Hollywood when Walt Disney cast him as the voice of Pinocchio in 1939. The young actor, whose screen name was "Dickie" Jones, had already appeared in nearly 40 motion pictures, including Stella Dallas with Barbara Stanwyck, Wonder Bar with Al Jolson and Dick Powell, and Daniel Boone with George O'Brien and John Carradine.
He later recalled, "At the time, Pinocchio was just a job. Who knew it would turn out to be the classic that it is today? I count my lucky stars that I had a part in it."
Born February 25, 1927, in McKinney, Texas, Dick had been discovered by western film star Hoot Gibson by age three. Gibson was appearing in a rodeo in the youngster's hometown. "Hoot told my mother I ought to be in pictures and sponsored our trip to Hollywood," said Dick, who went on to work with practically every cowboy actor including Buck Jones, Ken Maynard, and Bill Elliott.
Among his memories of Pinocchio, Dick recalled donning a puppet costume and acting out scenes for a live-action film study to which animators could refer. And when there was a lull in recording lines, remembered Dick,
"Mr. Disney would take an old storyboard drawing, pin it up on a four-by-eight celotex sheet, and start a dart game with me using pushpins. He was good at throwing pushpins, underhand, and making them stick with fantastic accuracy. He always won the game."
During the 19 months Dick worked on Pinocchio, he also managed to complete roles in Mr. Smith Goes to Washington and Destry Rides Again, both starring James Stewart, as well as other features.
In 1944 he was drafted into World War II. By the time he finished training, the war was over. After his Christmas Day discharge in 1946, Dick appeared in a few more films; his favorite was Rocky Mountain, starring Errol Flynn. As he once pointed out, the film "marks the first time in motion picture history the United States Cavalry arrived too late—we all died."
In 1949, he debuted in television when Gene Autry hired him as a stuntman for his Flying A Productions. During this time, Dick played Jock Mahoney's sidekick in The Range Rider, a western series, which led to his own series, Buffalo Bill, Jr. He went on to guest star on other television shows, including GunsmokeAnnie Oakley, and The Lone Ranger. In all, Dick worked on nearly 100 films and more than 200 television episodes.
By 1959, he retired from show business and began a new career in real estate. In 1992, Dick founded his own agency, White Hat Realty.
Dick Jones passed away on July 7, 2014.
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Sequence 4.2: Marionette show

1989: Les Clark*, Ollie Johnston†, Ward Kimball†, Eric Larson*, Wolfgang "Woolie" Reitherman*, Frank Thomas†.
1998: Wilfred Jackson*, Vladimir "Bill" Tytla*.
2007: Art Babbitt*
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When You Wish Upon a Star
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2000: Cliff Edwards*
2001: Leigh Harline*, Ned Washington*
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Fantasia / Fantasia 2000 – The Sorcerer's Apprentice
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This experiment in seeing music opens with a semiabstract depiction of Bach's "Toccata and Fugue in D Minor," followed by Tchaikovsky's "The Nutcracker Suite," accompanied by a ballet of fairies, flowers, and mushrooms. Mickey Mouse stars as Paul Dukas' "The Sorcerer's Apprentice" who, in the absence of his master, uses the magic he has learned, with fatal results. Set to Stravinsky's "Rite of Spring," the story of the planet's first two billion years is told. Beethoven's "The Pastoral Symphony" inspires a mythological scene around Mount Olympus. Ponchielli's "The Dance of the Hours" is staged as a formal ballet performed by elephants, ostriches, alligators, and hippopotamuses. The two contrasting compositions, "Night on Bald Mountain" (Mussorgsky) and "Ave Maria" (Schubert), set the tone for a danse macabre honoring the evil god Chernabog before a procession turns a forest into a gothic cathedral.
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World Premiere and Roadshow Release: November 13, 1940 (New York)
Technical Specifications: Technicolor, Fantasound, 1.37:1, 125 minutes
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1989: Les Clark*
1991: Claude Coats†
1992: Joe Grant†
1995: Fred Moore*
1998: James Algar*, Ben Sharpsteen*, Vladimir "Bill" Tytla*.
2006: Al Dempster*
2007: Dick Huemer*
2008: Wayne Allwine†
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6. "The Toughest Period in My Whole Life" (1941 Disney Strike, World War II, Dumbo, El Grupo)
As the 1930s ended and the 1940s began, Walt was assailed by personal and professional crises. The deaths of his parents—first Flora, in November 1938, then Elias, in September 1941—were personal losses that moved him deeply, but which he kept carefully hidden from the outside world. Meanwhile, at the studio, an artists' strike erupted in the spring of 1941. Labor unrest had been brewing in American industry at large, and early attempts to unionize the Disney artists had led to a dispute between competing factions. Preliminary talks between the studio and the artists were unsuccessful, and on May 28, a group of the artists walked out. Walt initially believed that the strike would be settled quickly, but instead it dragged on for months.
Eventually—after the intervention of a federal mediator and a period of several weeks during which the studio closed its doors altogether—the strike was resolved. But by that time the damage had been done. The strike would remain a painful crisis in Disney studio history, creating bitter divisions among former friends that would not soon be forgotten. Walt's own clear memories of the ordeal, and his conviction that the strike had been Communist-influenced, resurfaced six years later as he testified before the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC).
Along with these events there was a truly global crisis: World War II. The war's impact on Walt and his studio was immediate: on the same day Pearl Harbor was attacked, army units charged with protecting the nearby Lockheed plant moved into the Disney studio in Burbank to use it as a base. The war would also effect a marked change in the studio's production. Some theatrical features were already in progress, Bambi, for example, with its complex animation challenges, would not be completed and released until August 1942. In the meantime, Walt, mindful of the box-office losses incurred by expensive epic films like Pinocchio and Fantasia, had also started a more modest feature, Dumbo. Released in October 1941, Dumbo represented a return to the Disney studio's basic strengths: strong storytelling and compelling character animation. It was a critical and financial success, and remains today one of the best-remembered Disney classics.
With the entry by the U.S. into the war, however, the studio's production underwent a radical change. Walt contracted to produce a series of training films for the military; his public-service shorts for theatrical showing included The New Spirit, which encouraged Americans to pay their income taxes and support the war effort, and Out of the Frying Pan into the Firing Line, which promoted conservation. Another war-related production was an unusual feature called Victory Through Air Power, based on the book by Alexander de Seversky, which Walt undertook as a personal initiative because he believed in Seversky's ideas. Among the Disney propaganda cartoons during the war years was Der Fuehrer's Face, which won the Academy Award® for Best Short Subject of 1942. The studio's wartime efforts also included nonfilm activities, among them the creation of hundreds of insignia, at no charge, for various branches of the military.
One activity only indirectly related to the war was Walt's participation in the government's Good Neighbor program, which was designed to promote friendly relations between the U.S, and the countries of Latin America. In 1941, Walt and a group of his artists, nicknamed El Grupo, agreed to conduct a tour of South America, forging bonds of goodwill even as they gathered their visual and musical impressions of Brazil, Argentina, and other countries. Returning to the studio, they distilled those impressions into two feature-length films, Saludos Amigos and The Three Caballeros, along with a variety of short subjects for both theatrical and educational showing.
All these endeavors tested Walt's and the studio's strength, but the end of the war in 1945 brought challenges of a different kind. During the turbulent years of the strike and the war, Walt had drastically revised the organization of his studio, and almost all of his production had been war-related. Now he and Roy found themselves with reduced resources, and suddenly operating without the government contracts that had sustained them for several years. Thanks to the loyal support of A. P. Giannini, the Bank of America agreed to extend their loans; but they knew that somehow they must rebuild their business.
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7. Postwar Production (Studio Rebuilding, Lady and the Tramp, 20,000 Leagues)
Walt and Roy met the challenge of the postwar years by diversifying their production. Before the war, the Disney studio had been established as the unquestioned world leader in animation; during the war they had ventured into live-action production and gained experience in unfamiliar forms of filmmaking. Now all that experience would be harnessed and used in new ways to rebuild the Disney program of theatrical films.
"Our re-conversion job consists of reorganizing our staff, of training others to provide for increased production, and to build up our inventory of stories in preparation and of pictures in work. All these qualities mean good pictures, and good pictures mean that our future is assured. We have a clear road ahead. Let's get on our way." — Walt Disney, from Annual Report, December 31, 1945
Walt was in no hurry to resume production of expensive animated features, partly because of the studio's weakened financial condition, but also because he instinctively resisted repeating himself. He much preferred to try new ideas. The Disney backlog of cartoon stories included numerous ideas that fit no convenient category; they exceeded the scope of one-reel shorts but were not substantial enough to sustain a feature. One strategy was to combine an assortment of these stories in a package feature. The first such feature, Make Mine Music, was released in 1946 and was followed by Melody Time in 1948. Each offered a colorful variety of animated segments, linked by their emphasis on music and featuring sound track performances by such guest stars as Dinah Shore, Benny Goodman, and the Andrews Sisters. A variation on this idea was to combine two featurette-length stories in a single feature, as in Fun and Fancy Free (1947) and again in The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad (1949).
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Mickey and the Beanstalk
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1989: Les Clark*, Ward Kimball†, John Lounsbery*, Wolfgang "Woolie" Reitherman*.
1992: Ken O'Connor†
1995: Fred Moore*
1999: Hamilton Luske*
"Leave your worries behind and join us for a special behind-the-scenes story of the making of Walt Disney's merry masterpiece, Fun and Fancy Free."
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The Story Behind Fun and Fancy Free
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"Walt Disney's 1947 feature, Fun and Fancy Free is composed of multiple segments, a format called a package feature. The two stories, Mickey and the Beanstalk and Bongo, were originally developed as full-length feature films. Here's the behind-the-scenes story of how they were paired up to create a Fun and Fancy Free feature."
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Leonard Maltin — Film Historian
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"To keep his successful film series going, Walt Disney was constantly on the lookout for stories to bring to the screen."
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Ward Kimball — Directing Animator
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"Disney was certainly familiar with the classic fairy tale of Jack and the Beanstalk. He had used the well-known story as the basis for a 1922 silent cartoon produced by his Laugh-O-Gram film company in Kansas City. Unfortunately, no prints of this film are known to exist. In 1933, he revisited the tale in Giant Land, a short with Mickey Mouse assuming the role of Jack. In 1938, Walt pitted Mickey against the giant again, this time as The Brave Little Tailor."
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Joe Grant — Story Development
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"With his experience as an adversary to giants, Mickey was a natural for the lead in this giant new feature-length film. His co-stars would be Donald Duck and Goofy."
"Development of Mickey and the Beanstalk as a full-length feature began on May 2, 1940. During that year, Walt Disney and several of his key story men developed many of the ideas that would be contained in the finished film: The growth of the beanstalk while Mickey, Donald and Goofy are asleep, the gags at the Giant's dinner table, and the role of the singing harp."
"At the same meeting, the suggestion was also made to use Foulfellow and Gideon from Pinocchio as the phonies who swindle Mickey out of his cow. Since they don't appear in the final version, just who does Mickey trade his cow to in exchange for magic beans?"
"Here is the answer, in a never-before-seen sequence developed in 1940, but dropped when the story was tightened for Fun and Fancy Free."
"Archival evidence of the early development of the feature version of Mickey and the Beanstalk ends in the summer of 1941."
"At the same time, work on Bongo was begun. The story was written in 1934 for Cosmopolitan Magazine by novelist Sinclair Lewis. Bongo was an unusually light-hearted story to come from Lewis, who was the first American to win the Nobel Prize for Literature."
"Since Bongo was a circus bear, there were early story notes suggesting that Bongo might even be a follow-up to Dumbo, using the same circus settings and some of the supporting cast, including the gossipy elephants."
"Early story sketches show a character design for Bongo that differs radically from the final one. The female bear who catches Bongo's eye went through similar revisions, as well as a couple of name changes, from Suzie to Silver-ear to her final name, Lulubelle. Bongo's nemesis, Lumpjaw, was always a big hulking brute, but in some early designs, he wore street clothes. In these early sketches, a few extra characters were present. Bongo had a chimpanzee for a valet, first named Beverly, then Chimpy. In addition, Bongo and Chimpy had a series of comic encounters with a pair of mischievous country cousin bear cubs."
"A partially completed script of Bongo was delivered on Monday, December 8, 1941, the day after the attack on Pearl Harbor. Just as Bongo and Mickey and the Beanstalk were at the height of their development, the world changed."
"Walt looked back to Fantasia, and the idea of combining unrelated music and story segments into a feature-length film."
"In 1946, Make Mine Music was released. It consisted of several animated segments featuring popular music of that era, provided by Nelson Eddy, Dinah Shore, Benny Goodman, and The Andrews Sisters."
"With the end of the war, Walt revived Mickey and the Beanstalk for his first and most famous star, and decided to pair it with Bongo. The introduction of the lovable little circus bear would make Mickey's return to the silver screen an even more sensational event."
"Since his debut, Mickey Mouse's voice had been provided by his creator, Walt Disney."
"Here in a recently discovered rare film clip, Walt Disney performs as Mickey Mouse, with Billy Blecher in a recording session for Mr. Mouse Takes a Trip."
"Walt had recorded Mickey's voice for Mickey and the Beanstalk in the spring and summer of 1941. This film would be the last time that Walt would regularly provide Mickey's voice."
"Jiminy Cricket, the popular supporting character from Pinocchio, was recruited to set the light-hearted tone for Fun and Fancy Free."
"Giving voice to Jiminy was his original voice, Cliff Edwards."
"This spritely song I'm a Happy-Go-Lucky Fellow, which opens Fun and Fancy Free, had actually been written for, but dropped from Pinocchio nearly a decade earlier."
"What follows, presented publicly for the first time, is Billy Gilbert's original test recording for the role of Willie the Giant."
"A human host was chosen to tell the story of Mickey and the Beanstalk: Ventriloquist Edgar Bergen."
"Bergen and Walt Disney were longtime friends. Walt had even featured Bergen's Charlie McCarthy in several short cartoons. In 1950, Bergen would also be a guest on Disney's very first television program."
"Co-starring in the live action segments was child actor Luana Patten."
"Telling the story of Bongo was Dinah Shore."
"Fun and Fancy Free premiered on September 27, 1947. Package films like Fun and Fancy Free kept the Disney magic alive in the eyes of movie audiences. And with these films, the Disney studio built up its creative strength to produce a whole new series of feature animation successes."
"For war-weary audiences, Fun and Fancy Free was a refreshing tonic, a tuneful and carefree jaunt with friendly and familiar characters, under the guiding hand of favorite storyteller Walt Disney. The same holds true today... (Leonard Maltin: To just an entertaining film that's really well done.)"
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Another outlet for animation was to combine it with live action, as Walt did in two films with a strong flavor of rural Americana. Song of the South, based on the Uncle Remus tales, was essentially a live-action film, punctuated with animated interludes that illustrated Remus's stories. So Dear to My Heart, built along similar lines, was a film with deeply personal associations for Walt: its story of a boy and his pet lamb depicted turn-of-the-century farm life and reflected something of Walt's own childhood.
All of these films were modestly successful, but it was clear that the public really wanted more Disney features like the great prewar classics. Inevitably, Walt bowed to popular demand. As his fortunes improved in the late 1940s, he resumed production of several animated features that had been started before the war. Cinderella, completed and released in 1950, was a great success and was followed by Alice in Wonderland and Peter Pan. Along with these adaptations of literary classics, Walt produced a dog story, based partly on original Disney material and partly on a contemporary novel. The result was the delightful Lady and the Tramp, the studio's first wide-screen animated feature.
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Cinderella – The Work Song / A Dream Is a Wish Your Heart Makes
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Orphaned by the death of her father and left to live with her cruel stepmother, Lady Tremaine, and two selfish stepsisters, Cinderella exists as their maid. Caretaker to her animal friends, her beauty and genuine heart shine through. At the royal palace, the king laments his lack of grandchildren. To encourage the prince to find a wife, invitations to a ball are sent to "every eligible maiden" in the land, but Lady Tremaine thwarts Cinderella's efforts to attend, ensuring that her own daughters have a chance with the prince.
Thanks to her animal friends and a Fairy Godmother, Cinderella arrives at the ball in the grandest gown imaginable—complete with glass slippers. Love at first sight captivates Prince Charming and Cinderella, who are lost in a mist of enchantment until the garden clock begins to chime. Cinderella must flee before the stroke of midnight, for the Fairy Godmother's magic was temporary. In her haste, she loses one of her glass slippers.
A proclamation is sent across the land announcing the prince will only marry the girl who fits the glass slipper. In an attempt to place her daughters at the palace, Lady Tremaine locks Cinderella away in her attic room. Cinderella's animal friends steal the key and free her in time to try on the slipper. The wicked stepmother causes the glass slipper to break, but when Cinderella produces the matching slipper, it's a perfect fit!
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U.S. Release: February 15, 1950
Technical Specifications: Technicolor, 1.37:1, 74 minutes
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1989: Ub Iwerks*, Les Clark*, Marc Davis†, Ollie Johnston†, Milt Kahl*, Ward Kimball†, Eric Larson*, John Lounsbery*, Wolfgang "Woolie" Reitherman*, Frank Thomas†.
1990: John Hench†
1991: Ken Anderson†, Mary Blair*, Claude Coats†, Don DaGradi*.
1992: Winston Hibler*, Ken O'Connor†.
1993: Jimmy Macdonald*
1994: Paul J. Smith*
1995: Fred Moore*
1996: Betty Lou Gerson†, Bill Peet†.
1998: Wilfred Jackson*, Ben Sharpsteen*.
1999: Norm Ferguson*, Hamilton Luske*.
2003: Ilene Woods†
2008: Oliver Wallace*
2017: Clyde Geronimi*
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Ken O'Connor (1908–1998), Animation & Imagineering (1992)
As a Disney layout artist and art director, Kendall "Ken" O'Connor was a genius; it was his gentle, self-deprecating nature and wry sense of humor that made him a joy to work with. As director T. Hee once recalled, "Ken was a charmer. Being from Australia, he'd make some crazy crack that only an Aussie can do. He was a bright, clever man and a man who enjoyed life. He never got upset about things, but just brushed them aside and kept on going. That made it nice for us to work together."
Fellow Disney Legend Ward Kimball, whose work with Ken included several futuristic films for Disney television shows, added, "Ken arrived at some very interesting solutions… I'd ask him for some quick sketches of, say, how an underwater restaurant would look, and he would come up with some wild ideas."
Born in Perth, Australia, on June 7, 1908, Ken studied commercial art at Melbourne Technical College and fine art at the Australian National Gallery in Melbourne. In 1930, he emigrated with his family to the United States, settling in San Francisco, where he continued his education at the California School of Art.
In 1935 he joined The Walt Disney Studios, where he worked as either art director or layout man on 13 features and nearly 100 shorts.
Among the most memorable images Ken created for the screen were the magical coach in Cinderella, the marching cards in Alice in Wonderland, and the dancing hippos in Fantasia. His other credits include Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Pinocchio, Dumbo, Make Mine Music, Melody Time, Peter Pan, Lady and the Tramp, and more.
During World War II, Ken worked on training and educational films that Disney produced for the United States government, including Food Will Win the War, as well as theatrical cartoons such as Education for Death. Later, he provided layouts for the first 3-D cartoon, Adventures in Music: Melody. He also served as art director on three "space factuals" for Disney's television programs Man in Space, Man and the Moon, and Mars and Beyond. He also art directed the first CinemaScope cartoon, Toot, Whistle, Plunk and Boom, which won an Academy Award® in 1953.
After more than 30 years with the company, Ken retired in 1978. He continued to lend his imagination and artistry, however, to such projects as Epcot Center's Universe of Energy and World of Motion attractions. He also consulted on the Back to Neverland [sic] film, featured in the Magic of Disney Animation attraction at the Disney-MGM Studios Theme Park in Florida, which introduced park guests to the animation process. Ken also taught layout and art direction at the California Institute of the Arts, helping influence an entire generation of today's animation greats.
Ken O'Connor passed away on May 27, 1998, in Burbank, California.
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Peter Pan – You Can Fly!
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On the brink of adulthood with her final night in the nursery, Wendy Darling discovers Peter Pan and his tiny fairy companion Tinker Bell searching to recover Peter's shadow. Enraptured by the tales of Peter's adventures, Wendy and her brothers Michael and John are whisked away from their London home, flying past the "second star to the right and straight on 'til morning" to Never Land.
Extraordinary wonders await the Darling children within Peter's enchanted home without grown-up rules. Mermaid lagoons, Indians, Lost Boys, and even a band of black-hearted pirates led by the villainous Captain Hook, populate Never Land. Swords clash when Peter and Hook face off for one final battle, but with the help of Wendy and the boys, a defeat of the pirates and a safe return home is assured.
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U.S. Release: February 5, 1953
Technical Specifications: Technicolor, 1.37:1, 77 minutes
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1989: Ub Iwerks*, Les Clark*, Marc Davis†, Ollie Johnston†, Milt Kahl*, Ward Kimball†, Eric Larson*, John Lounsbery*, Wolfgang "Woolie" Reitherman*, Frank Thomas†.
1990: John Hench†
1991: Ken Anderson†, Mary Blair*, Claude Coats†, Don DaGradi*.
1992: Winston Hibler*, Ken O'Connor†.
1993: Blaine Gibson†, Jimmy Macdonald*.
1994: Bill Cottrell†
1995: Fred Moore*
1996: Bill Justice†, Bill Peet†.
1998: Kathryn Beaumont, Wilfred Jackson*.
1999: Norm Ferguson*, Hamilton Luske*.
2001: Frank Churchill*
2006: Al Dempster*
2008: Oliver Wallace*
2015: Eyvind Earle*
2017: Clyde Geronimi*
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"Fly away with us, second star to the right and straight on till morning, and discover the behind-the-scenes story of how the timeless tale of Peter Pan was transformed into a soaring Disney classic."
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You Can Fly!: The Making of Walt Disney's Masterpiece 'Peter Pan'
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"The story of Peter Pan began its life on the London stage in 1904. It was written by Scottish novelist and playwright James Matthew Barrie."
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Leonard Maltin — Film Historian
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"In 1913, a touring company of Peter Pan was seen by this youngster in the small town of Marceline, Missouri. The boy was Walt Disney. He never forgot this epic of boyhood and its unique combination of fantasy and swashbuckling adventure. In 1924, Walt also saw a silent film version of Peter Pan, starring Betty Bronson as Peter. The film contained many innovations, such as a live actress playing Tinker Bell, and special effects that were the state of the art for their day. The silent film, however, adhered to many of the conventions of the stage version of Peter Pan, including the stars rather obviously flying on wires, a performer in a dog suit as Nana, and a costumed actor as the crocodile."
"Walt Disney's efforts to make Peter Pan as an animated feature actually began in the late 1930s, during the production of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, in an era when Disney's filmmaking imagination was at its peak."
"Walt Disney himself noted, 'The cartoon method gave us many advantages over the stage craft of Barrie's day, which no amount of pixie dust could cure.'"
"In 1939, Disney acquired the screen rights, and by early 1940, storyboards were begun. These never-before-seen watercolor illustrations by renowned British artist David Hall were part of Disney's initial work. Hall had also done extensive visual development of Alice in Wonderland for Disney in 1938."
"In this early version of the story, Nana traveled with Peter and the children to Neverland, as seen in these rare original story sketches."
"Much of the art created at this time was also darker than the original play, and far more sinister than a typical Disney effort."
"Another part of this early work was an elaborate musical number for Captain Hook's pirate crew, which was ultimately replaced by a different song, The Elegant Captain Hook. An attempt to persuade the Lost Boys to join the pirates' reigns, this earlier song, written by studio music director Frank Churchill along with Ray Kelly, is reconstructed here, using a rare song demo recording coupled with never-before-seen storyboard drawings of the original sequence."
"By 1941, a basic story structure was completed. However, the onset of World War II stopped the development. After the war, Walt Disney brought Peter Pan back into development. Progress continued throughout the 1940s, including extensive concept art by renowned color stylist Mary Blair."
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Mary Blair (1911–1978), Animation & Imagineering (1991)
An imaginative color stylist and designer, Mary Blair helped introduce modern art to Walt Disney and his Studio, and, for nearly 30 years, he touted her inspirational work for his films and theme parks alike. Animator Marc Davis, who put Mary's exciting use of color on par with Matisse, recalled, "She brought modern art to Walt in a way that no one else did. He was so excited about her work." Animator Frank Thomas added:
"Mary was the first artist I knew of to have different shades of red next to each other. You just didn't do that! But Mary made it work."
Walt connected with Mary's fresh, childlike art style. As Disney Imagineering artist Roland Crump once told animation historian John Canemaker, "The way she painted—in a lot of ways she was still a little girl. Walt was like that… You could see he could relate to children—she was the same way."
Born in McAlester, Oklahoma, in 1911, the inherently gifted artist won a scholarship to Chouinard Art Institute in Los Angeles. After graduation in 1933, at the height of the Depression, Mary took a job in the animation unit of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer rather than pursue her dream of a fine arts career. In 1940, she joined the Walt Disney Studio and worked on a number of projects, including the "Baby Ballet," a never-produced segment for a proposed second version of Fantasia.
In 1941, she joined the Disney expedition that toured South America for three months; her watercolors so captured the spirit of the Latin countries that she was named art supervisor on The Three Caballeros and Saludos Amigos. Mary's unique color and styling greatly influenced such Disney postwar productions as Song of the SouthMake Mine MusicMelody TimeSo Dear to My HeartThe Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. ToadCinderellaAlice in Wonderland, and Peter Pan. She also contributed to special shorts, including The Little House and Susie, the Little Blue Coupe.
During a break from Disney, Mary found a successful career as a freelance graphic designer and illustrator. Among her works were the illustrations for several Little Golden Books, some of which, including I Can Fly, are still in print today.
Walt later asked Mary to assist in the design of the it's a small world attraction for the 1964-65 New York World's Fair; the final result was an attraction that is purely Mary Blair in its style and concept. Over the years, Mary contributed to the design of many exhibits, attractions, and murals for the theme parks in California and Florida, including the fanciful murals in the Grand Canyon Concourse at Walt Disney World's Contemporary Resort Hotel.
Mary Blair passed away on July 26, 1978, in Soquel, California.
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"Walt assigned the character of Peter Pan to animator Milt Kahl."
"Young Bobby Driscoll was assigned to the role of Peter."
"Driscoll had debuted in Song of the South, after which Disney cast him in several projects, including So Dear to My Heart, and as Jim Hawkins in Treasure Island."
"Walt also didn't have to look far for the voice of Wendy. He found what he called 'the gentle and gracefully feminine voice', in the same actress who had played Alice in Wonderland: Kathryn Beaumont."
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Kathryn Beaumont — Voice of "Wendy"
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Kathryn Beaumont, Animation—Voice (1998)
When Walt Disney began production on the animated classic Alice in Wonderland in 1949, he sought the perfect voice to play the literary ingénue. He was looking for a voice, recalled Kathryn Beaumont, that "would be English enough to satisfy British audiences, but not so English that it would put off American audiences." After hearing 10-year-old Kathryn's audition, Walt chose her for the voice of Alice and, later, Wendy Darling in Peter Pan.
Born in London, England, on June 27, 1938, Kathryn came to the United States under contract to MGM and appeared in several films, including On an Island with You starring Esther Williams. She soon landed at The Walt Disney Studios, where she not only recorded the voice of Alice, but also portrayed her on film. Animators regularly referred to her filmed performances as they brought her character to life.
She later said, "When I look at the film now, I can recognize some of the movements. It's a little like seeing myself 30 years ago. I can see some of the mannerisms I used, which the animators captured to give the characters a naturalness of movement."
In 1951, Kathryn went on a promotional tour for Alice in Wonderland, which included a trip aboard the Queen Mary to her native England. Within two weeks of her return, she was cast as Wendy in Peter Pan. Again, she served as both speaking voice and physical model of the animated character. She also served as a model for Tinker Bell.
Kathryn once recalled being hoisted up by a wire into the air, on one of the Studio sound stages, and swinging back and forth so animators could study her movement for the "flying" sequences. "I had a slight fear of heights," she later recalled. "Most kids would think, 'Oh, what fun!' I, however, was petrified!"
In 1950, Kathryn appeared with Walt in his first one-hour television special, One Hour in Wonderland, and returned the next year, as Wendy, in The Walt Disney Christmas Show.
After the 1953 release of Peter Pan, Kathryn graduated from high school and enrolled at the University of Southern California, where she earned a degree in education. She taught elementary school in Los Angeles for the next 36 years, retiring in 1997.
Over the years, she lent her voice to Disney theme park attractions, including the Alice in Wonderland attraction in 1984. In 1992 she returned as the voice of Wendy, calling out to Peter Pan during the pirate sequence of Fantasmic! Six years later, she helped promote the release of Peter Pan on video and made a guest appearance at the Disneyana Convention in Walt Disney World. She has also occasionally revisited the characters she helped make famous in various video games and the Disney's House of Mouse television show.
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"Hans Conried, seen here as the face in the Magic Mirror, was cast in the tradition of the stage play as both Captain Hook...and Mr. Darling."
"To bring the villainous Captain Hook to animated life, Walt assigned veteran animator Frank Thomas."
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Frank Thomas — Directing Animator
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"Walt knew that for his version of Peter Pan, Tinker Bell would have to be developed as a fully realized character. From the late 1930s on, character sketches traced Tinker Bell's development, and each reveals the then-current conception of feminine beauty."
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Marc Davis — Directing Animator
Margaret Kerry — Model for "Tinker Bell"
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"The use of Margaret Kerry as a live model for Tinker Bell was only part of the considerable reference used by Disney animators to bring Peter Pan to the screen."
"After nearly two decades of work, dozens of story treatments and thousands of drawings, Walt Disney's Peter Pan was finally finished. It was first released on February 3, 1953, and was an immediate audience favorite. It has remained one of Disney's greatest animated achievements, and a beloved classic."
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Lady and the Tramp – Bella Notte
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Lady and the Tramp is an "opposites attract" story: in the early 20th century, a female Cocker Spaniel from a good home in an elegant residential neighborhood falls in love with a mutt from a poor neighborhood on the other side of the tracks. The stray's free-spirited nature fascinates the spoiled Lady, and she delights in their outings in the new-to-her world of the slums and their spaghetti-dinner date. Lady disregards the warnings from her purebred dog friends, but when the two are captured while on an adventure together and held prisoner in a pound, Tramp's carefree nature puts Lady's affections to the test. However, when Lady's human owners' newborn baby is threatened by a rat that gets into their home, Tramp proves himself a hero and, in the end, is accepted by Lady's friends and family.
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World Release: June 16, 1955 (Chicago)
U.S. Release: June 22, 1955
Technical Specifications: Technicolor, CinemaScope, 76 minutes
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1989: Ub Iwerks*, Les Clark*, Ollie Johnston†, Milt Kahl*, Eric Larson*, John Lounsbery*, Wolfgang "Woolie" Reitherman*, Frank Thomas†.
1991: Ken Anderson†, Claude Coats†, Don DaGradi*
1992: Ken O'Connor†
1998: Wilfred Jackson*
1999: Hamilton Luske*
2006: Al Dempster*
2008: Oliver Wallace*
2015: Eyvind Earle*
2017: Clyde Geronimi*
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Meanwhile, one of the Disney brothers' postwar problems pertained to "frozen" funds: specifically, box-office revenue that had been earned in England during the war but could not be taken out of the country. Walt's solution was to use the money to produce films in England. In doing this he completed his move into the role of live-action film producer; these overseas productions were adventure stories with no element of animation. The first, Treasure Island, was released in 1950 and was followed by The Story of Robin Hood and other action adventures. These films achieved some modest success and led in turn to a far more ambitious live-action picture: 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea. This was a huge production, filmed domestically and on location in the Bahamas, and starred some of the most prominent actors in Hollywood. Released in 1954, it was immensely successful and established Walt in no uncertain terms as a producer of live-action films as well as animation.
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Ken Annakin (1914–2009), Film (2002)
Ken Annakin directed four motion pictures for Disney, including the live-action classic Swiss Family Robinson in 1960. A director of epic proportions, Ken lent his vision and precision to creating the $4 million film, which was considered one of Disney's most lavish movies at the time.
Shot on location on the Caribbean island of Tobago over a 22-week period, the film featured a menagerie of exotic animals including elephants, ostriches, tigers, and more. In his 2001 autobiography So You Wanna Be a Director? Ken recalled Walt Disney suggesting a scene with a tiger. Ken hesitated, however, based on a previous experience directing a tiger and suggested a lion instead.
"Oh-ho," Walt said. "At last we've found something Ken's afraid of. If you're scared to film the tiger, I'll come out with a 16 millimeter camera and shoot it myself!"
The tiger stayed in the picture.
Born in Beverley, England, on August 10, 1914, Ken was a restless young man. At 22, he took off for Australia and New Zealand for three years. His adventurous nature carried through his professional career as well; he directed movies on location in Africa, India, Scandinavia, and China.
Ken began his career in England during World War II, working on army training and documentary films as a camera assistant at the Ministry of Information. In 1947, he made his directorial debut with the comedy Holiday Camp, followed by the popular Miranda, starring Glynis Johns, and the Somerset Maugham films Quartet in 1948 and Trio in 1950.
While at Pinewood Studios in England, he was approached by Disney producer Perce Pearce to direct The Story of Robin Hood and His Merrie Men in 1952, followed by The Sword and the Rose in 1953.
A year after the box office success of Swiss Family Robinson, Ken directed Disney's Third Man on the Mountain on location in the Swiss Alps; the film featured impressive vertigo-inducing mountain climbing footage.
Disney proved a fruitful training ground for the young filmmaker, who later recalled, "Working with Walt was a great experience in learning discipline because when you worked with him, you were making his picture under his conditions. He was very organized; every picture was storyboarded before filming."
Ken used storyboards, a production technique he learned from Disney, to visually develop subsequent big-scale pictures, including The Longest Day in 1962, Those Magnificent Men in Their Flying Machines in 1964, and The Battle of the Bulge in 1965.
In 1999, The Walt Disney Studios, in conjunction with the British Academy of Film and Television Arts, Los Angeles, hosted A Tribute to Ken Annakin, featuring excerpts from 12 of his 49 motion pictures.
Ken Annakin passed away on April 22, 2009, in Beverly Hills, California,—the same day as Jack Cardiff, who had been his cinematographer on the 1979 film The Fifth Musketeer.
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Richard Fleischer (1916–2006), Film (2003)
Every Disney fan remembers the dramatic squid attack in Walt Disney's classic motion picture 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea. It certainly proved memorable for the film's director Richard Fleischer, who once recalled its dramatic staging challenges: "The squid that had been constructed was totally inadequate," he said. "It looked completely phony; pieces were falling off it.
"After we spent a lot of money and time shooting it, Walt and I finally decided to stop and go on to something else, while giving his geniuses a chance to revamp the creature.
"I was talking to the writer and we realized the concept was wrong. When we first did the sequence, it was done on a flat, calm sea at sunset, and everything was very clear; you could see the mechanics of the thing. We decided to stage the attack at night, during a storm at sea, so we had spray and wave and great excitement, while obscuring the action."
The son of animation pioneer Max Fleischer, who brought Betty Boop, Popeye, Superman, and other popular characters to the screen, Richard was born in Brooklyn, New York, on December 8, 1916. He studied drama at Yale School of Drama and joined New York's RKO-Pathé News in 1942, where he wrote newsreel commentaries and directed two-reel wartime documentaries for the This Is America series. He also wrote and produced Flicker Flashbacks, shorts compiled from silent film.
His successes won him a ticket to the RKO studio in Hollywood, where Richard directed a series of suspenseful B-film noirs, including 1948's Bodyguard, based on a story co-written by Robert Altman, followed by The Clay Pigeon in 1949, and Armored Car Robbery in 1950. The Narrow Margin, his 1952 thriller set aboard a train, is considered a classic in moviemaking today; in 1947, he co-produced the Oscar®-winning documentary feature Design for Death.
After directing The Happy Time, a 1952 charmer starring Bobby Driscoll, who had earlier starred in such Disney films as Song of the South and Treasure Island, Richard received a call to meet his father's arch rival Walt Disney at his Studio.
Richard recalls, "I was completely taken aback. I couldn't understand why he'd selected me to direct 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea. I said, 'I'd love to do this picture, but I'd like to talk with my father, first, knowing the competitive relationship you've both had."
"Walt agreed. I called my father in New York that night and told him the story. He said, 'Of course you must take that job without any question. Just do one thing. Give a message to Walt for me, tell him that he's got great taste in directors.'"
Even today, 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea remains one of Disney's most ambitious live-action films. After its 1954 release, Richard went on to direct many other big movies, including The Vikings (1958), Fantastic Voyage (1966), Doctor Dolittle (1967), Tora! Tora! Tora! (1970), Soylent Green (1973), and more.
In 1993, Richard published his autobiography Just Tell Me When to Cry; in 2001, he appeared in the documentary Walt Disney: The Man Behind the Myth.
Richard Fleischer passed away on March 25, 2006, in Woodland Hills, California.
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8. Walt and the Natural World (True-Life Adventures, Seal Island, People & Places)
One of the most unusual highlights of Walt's career was a series of nature documentaries, the True-Life Adventures. The first of these films grew out of an experiment: Walt hired Alfred and Elma Milotte, a husband-and-wife cinematography team, to shoot a quantity of film in Alaska. When some of the Milottes' film revealed fascinating scenes of the seals in the Pribilof Islands, Walt shelved the rest of the footage and edited the seal material into a short subject that documented the seals' life cycle on the islands. Seal Island became the first True-Life Adventure, enjoying a successful theatrical release in 1949 and winning an Academy Award®.
Seal Island set the pattern for the series: Walt would hire a team of cinematographers to spend months or years in the field, shooting scenes of wildlife; then his team would edit the hours of resulting footage down into a theatrical film. These films presented unique technical challenges. The cinematographers, shooting in unpredictable conditions in the wild, used lightweight and portable 16 mm cameras and strong telephoto lenses to capture nature's wonders. Their 16 mm film stock was prone to surface scratches, but Ub lwerks, who had returned to the studio, devised a "liquid gate" that removed the scratches when the film was blown up to 35 mm.
The result of all this work was an innovative kind of nature documentary. Many of the naturalist/photographers who contracted with Walt had previously conducted lecture tours, illustrating their talks with the films they had shot, but the True-Life Adventures were professionally produced, with the resources of a major motion-picture studio.
They offered an authentic screen record of the world of nature, presented in an entertaining package that informed and delighted theater audiences. The series continued through the 1950s, enjoying continued success and winning numerous awards. The first feature-length True-Life Adventure, The Living Desert, appeared in 1953 and was such a success that six more features were produced.
Building on this success, Walt launched a second documentary series, called People and Places. Beginning in 1953 with another Alaskan subject, The Alaskan Eskimo, the People and Places shorts continued through the rest of the decade and were similarly successful, garnering multiple Academy Awards® of their own.
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Al Milotte (1905–1989) and Elma Milotte (1907–1989), Film (1998)
In 1948, Walt Disney viewed a short wildlife film by Alfred and Elma Milotte. Inspired by what he saw, Walt contacted the couple and, without a specific project in mind, hired them to film on location in the Alaska wilderness. The result was the first of Disney's celebrated True-Life Adventure films, Seal Island, which won an Academy Award®.
Al later recalled, "Walt was great. He said, 'Just go out and get some good pictures.' He never told us how to do it. He gave us independence."
With the success of Seal Island, the Milottes continued to travel the globe for the True-Life Adventures series, which were released between 1948 and 1960, and the People and Places travelogue films, released from 1953 to 1960. During their Disney career, the Milottes' films won a total of six Oscars®, including Beaver ValleyThe Alaskan EskimoBear CountryNature's Half Acre, and Water Birds.
Al Milotte was born in Appleton, Wisconsin, in 1905, and Elma was born in Seattle, Washington, in 1907. The couple met in Seattle and headed north to Ketchikan, Alaska, where they were married. There, they owned and operated a photography studio. They later broke into the lecture circuit, traveling the United States and showing films they produced about Alaska.
During World War II, the Milottes temporarily stopped producing wildlife pictures, while Al made instructional films for North American Aviation. After the war ended, they resumed filming scenes of Alaska.
About this same time, Walt had taken an interest in the nation's last frontier, Alaska, and had even traveled there. He contacted a wildlife magazine editor who suggested he see the Milottes' work, which he did. Walt was particularly enamored by the couple's humorous sequence of bears scratching themselves.
For the next decade, Walt kept the couple busy crisscrossing the globe. Among their stops were Florida, where they filmed Prowlers of the Everglades; Australia, where they photographed Nature's Strangest Creatures; and Africa, where they lived for three years while filming The African Lion.
Elma had a theory about their unique relationship with wildlife. She once said, "I think the animals know we aren't predators. When hunters come into an area, the animals stay away for days."
The Milottes' work also appeared on television, in segments of the Mickey Mouse Club, and in a personal story called "Cameras in Africa," featuring an introduction by Walt Disney.
In 1959, Al and Elma retired to Sumner, Washington, where they wrote three books: The Story of the PlatypusThe Story of the Hippopotamus, and The Story of an Alaskan Grizzly Bear. They also filmed a seagull sequence for Alfred Hitchcock's The Birds.
Elma Milotte passed away on April 19, 1989, and Al Milotte followed her five days later.
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9. The 1950s and 1960s: The Big Screen and Beyond (Trains, Disneyland, Television, The Florida Project)
As the 1950s dawned, Walt Disney stood on the threshold of yet another phase of his career. His motion-picture studio was busier than ever, working on both animated and live-action films, but Walt was looking for new worlds to conquer.
TRAINS.
One major new activity began as a hobby: Walt's fascination with railroad trains-scale models as well as the genuine article. In 1948, Walt and fellow railroad buff Ward Kimball traveled together to the Chicago Railroad Fair. Both men thoroughly enjoyed this huge event, featuring displays of vintage and modern locomotives, and it served to reawaken Walt's long-standing interest in trains.
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DISNEYLAND.
During their 1948 visit to Chicago, Walt and Kimball made a side trip to Greenfield Village, a public display of antique buildings that Henry Ford had assembled near Dearborn, Michigan.
Besides his interest in trains, Walt developed another hobby around this time: collecting and building miniatures. This pursuit soon developed into a plan to build miniature dioramas, representing different periods in American history, in a traveling exhibit.
Gradually all these interests came together in Walt's mind, combined with his ambition, conceived as early as his Kansas City years, to build an amusement park that might entertain adults as well as children. By the early 1950s he was actively developing such a park. As his plans became more ambitious, he formed a private company, WED (for Walter Elias Disney) for this and other personal projects.
In 1955, Walt's new park opened to the world as Disneyland. Utterly unlike existing amusement parks, Disneyland was designed as a fresh, inviting world unto itself. It was divided into four "lands":
Tomorrowland, which celebrated the new wonders that science was discovering and would continue to discover; Fantasyland, dominated by familiar scenes and figures from the fantasy worlds Walt had already created on the screen; Frontierland, summoning up the excitement and color of frontier days, when the pioneers were settling America; and Adventureland, built around a Jungle Cruise in which guests traveled by boat into a mysterious jungle.
These "lands" radiated like spokes from a hub at the center of the park. Leading, in turn, from the park entrance to the hub was Main Street, U.S.A., a nostalgic re-creation of small-town America at the beginning of the twentieth century.
Walt commented on many occasions that, unlike a motion picture, Disneyland would never be finished. He could continue to tinker with it indefinitely, "plussing," improving old attractions, and adding new ones. True to his promise, Disneyland has continued to evolve to this day.
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The Imagineering Legends
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Marty Sklar (1934–2017), Imagineering (2001)
As former vice chairman and principal creative executive of Walt Disney Imagineering (WDI), Marty Sklar stood as a dedicated torchbearer of Walt Disney's philosophy since first joining the Company a month before Disneyland opened in 1955.
He helped express and preserve Walt's spirit of optimism, happiness, and hope for the future through attractions and special exhibitions in Disney theme parks around the world.
For more than 50 years, Walt's inspiration has burned in Marty. He once said, "Working with Walt Disney was the greatest 'training by fire' anyone could ever experience. Our training was by Walt, who was always there pitching in with new ideas and improving everyone else's input. The fire was that we were constantly breaking new ground to create deadline projects never attempted before in this business. That, I'm proud to say, has never stopped in my years at Disney."
Born Martin A. Sklar on February 6, 1934, in New Brunswick, New Jersey, Marty attended the University of California at Los Angeles where he served as editor of the Daily Bruin campus newspaper. In July 1955, the student editor was recruited to create an 1890-themed tabloid newspaper, The Disneyland News, which sold on Main Street during the Park's debut year. After completing his education, Marty returned to Disneyland publicity and marketing. There, he established Vacationland magazine.
He joined WDI in 1961 as part of a team assigned by Walt to develop industry-sponsored shows and pavilions for General Electric, Ford, Pepsi-Cola and UNICEF, and the State of Illinois at the 1964-65 New York World's Fair. Ever since, Marty served as a key representative working with American industry in developing and sponsoring attractions for Disney parks and resorts around the globe.
During his early years at Disney, Marty not only learned Walt's philosophy firsthand, but metabolized and translated it into materials he wrote for the master showman which were used in publications, television appearances, and special films. Among them was a 20-minute movie devoted to communicating Walt's vision of EPCOT, his Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow, originally intended to help resolve the urban challenges found in American cities.
Marty first became an Imagineering officer in 1974 when appointed vice president, concepts and planning, a role in which he guided creative development of Epcot Center at the Walt Disney World Resort in Florida. In 1979, he was named vice president of creative development, followed by executive vice president in 1982. He served as president and vice chairman from 1987 to 1996.
As vice chairman, Marty provided leadership for the Imagineering creative staff, delivering breakthrough entertainment concepts for Disney parks and resorts including Disneyland Paris, the Tokyo Disney Resort, and Hong Kong Disneyland. Imagineering is also responsible for all Disney resort hotels and the Disney Cruise Line ships, and has created concepts for restaurants, children's museums and hospitals, traveling shows, and exhibitions.
In 2001, the Company honored Marty with a special award for 45 years of service and leadership. After the 50th anniversary of Disneyland in 2005, he transitioned into a new role as Imagineering's international ambassador. He is the only person to have attended the grand openings of all Disney parks.
He retired from Disney on July 17, 2009, after 53 years with the Company.
Martin A. "Marty" Sklar passed away in his Hollywood Hills home on Thursday July 27, 2017.
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The Prototype Imagineers
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Herb Ryman (1910–1989), Imagineering (1990)
In 1953, Walt Disney asked Herb Ryman to sketch an idea for an amusement park that would appeal to both children and adults. Over a single weekend—and with Walt looking over his shoulder—Herb took a small carbon pencil and illustrated Walt's dreams on paper. Within two years, those dreams were transformed into reality and Disneyland became the first theme park of its kind in the world.
Herb had an uncanny knack for translating Walt's ideas into drawings. Perhaps this was because, like Walt, he was a child at heart. Disney Legend Marty Sklar, a former president of Walt Disney Imagineering (WDI), once said:
"Herbie was like our own little Tinker Bell at WDI. He was always sprinkling pixie dust on everyone and he never grew up. He had a tremendous curiosity for everything and everybody."
Born June 28, 1910, in Vernon, Illinois, Herbert Dickens Ryman graduated from Chicago Art Institute with honors before moving to Hollywood in 1932. He worked as a storyboard illustrator at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer on such classics as Mutiny on the BountyDavid Copperfield, and The Good Earth. The latter film, set in China, inspired Herb to take a year off and travel the world. He chronicled his 1937 trip by recording his impressions in a sketchbook.
The next year, back in Los Angeles, Herb met Walt Disney for the first time at a gallery exhibit of his work. Walt was so impressed with the paintings on display that he invited Herb to join the Walt Disney Studio. While Herb went on to serve as an art director for such feature-length animated classics as Fantasia and Dumbo, Disneyland became the centerpiece of his Disney career. Among his contributions were designs for Main Street, U.S.A., Sleeping Beauty Castle and New Orleans Square. In 1988, his 1964 painting of New Orleans Square was selected by the State Department for display at the U.S. Embassy in Paris. Herb also contributed concepts for the Jungle CruisePirates of the Caribbean, and for attractions featured at the 1964-65 New York World's Fair, including Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln.
A prolific artist outside of Disney, Herb produced watercolors, oil paintings, acrylics, and charcoal sketches that were collected by such luminaries as Mrs. William Guggenheim, Cecil B. DeMille, and John and Lionel Barrymore.
Herb retired in 1971 only to return a few years later as a full-time consultant, sketching numerous conceptual drawings for EPCOT Center. His work for that park included detailed park renderings as well as inspirational paintings for the American Adventure and China pavilions, among others. He also developed the popular Hall of Presidents at Walt Disney World and the Meet the World attraction at Tokyo Disneyland.
Herb Ryman passed away on February 10, 1989, in Los Angeles, while still at work on ideas for Disneyland Paris.
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Ken Anderson (1909–1993), Animation & Imagineering (1991)
Walt Disney often referred to Ken Anderson as his "Jack of All Trades." Over the years, Ken used his skills as architect, artist, animator, storyteller, and designer to masterful ends in several different areas of the Disney entertainment spectrum. Always focused on challenge and growth, Ken once said his desire was not so much to achieve, as to "be able to constantly improve."
Born in Seattle, Washington, on March 17, 1909, Ken attended the University of Washington and won a scholarship that allowed him to advance his studies in Europe. There, he earned a degree in architecture. Ken then returned to California to work as a sketch artist at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, where he contributed to such films as Greta Garbo's The Painted Veil.
In 1934, Ken was driving past the Walt Disney Studio when, on a whim, he pulled over to apply for a job.
The next thing he knew, he was working on Silly Symphonies; these included The Goddess of Spring and Three Orphan Kittens, which won an Academy Award® for Best Short Subject (Cartoons).
His first feature assignment was as art director for Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs; to help other animators visualize the film's settings dimensionally, Ken built models of the Dwarfs' cottage. Even Dopey's memorable wiggling ears were inspired by his own ability to do so.
Ken went on to serve as art director on PinocchioFantasia, and The Reluctant Dragon. While working on Song of the South, he contributed technical innovations related to the film's combination of live-action footage and animation; he later improved upon these techniques as animation art director for Pete's Dragon.
Among Ken's character creations were the villainous Shere Khan in The Jungle Book, as well as the playful dragon Elliott in Pete's Dragon. His impressive roster of Disney credits also includes story contributions to Melody TimeCinderella, and The Jungle Book, and his color styling greatly influenced Alice in Wonderland. Ken's layouts were pivotal to the staging and design of Peter Pan and Lady and the Tramp. He also led the production design of Sleeping BeautyOne Hundred and One Dalmatians, and The Aristocats.
During the 1950s, Walt tapped Ken's knowledge of architecture, perspective, and art direction to help realize Disneyland. His concept drawings and design work contributed to such popular Fantasyland attractions as Peter Pan's FlightMr. Toad's Wild Ride, and Storybook Land.
After 44 years with the Company, Ken retired in 1978. He continued to work with Walt Disney Imagineering on special projects, including the proposed Equatorial Africa Pavilion for Epcot Center, which he developed in collaboration with author Alex Haley.
Ken Anderson passed away on December 13, 1993, in La Cañada Flintridge, California.
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Harper Goff (1911–1993), Film & Imagineering (1993)
Artist Harper Goff first met Walt Disney in 1951 at the Bassett-Lowke Ltd. Shop in London; they were both interested in purchasing the same model train set. Harper later recalled that meeting:
"He turned to me and said, 'I'm Walt Disney. Are you the man that wanted to buy this engine?' Well, I almost fell over. He asked me what I do for a living, and I told him that I was an artist. He said, 'When you get back to America, come and talk to me.'"
Ultimately, Walt bought the locomotive, while Harper embarked on an exciting journey developing motion picture and Imagineering projects for The Walt Disney Company.
Among Harper's designs was the menacing Nautilus submarine, complete with plush Victorian interiors, for the film 20,000 Leagues Under The Sea. He also developed conceptual ideas for Disneyland, including Main Street, U.S.A. and the Jungle Cruise and worked closely with Walt throughout the design and construction phases of the Park.
Born on March 16, 1911, in Fort Collins, Colorado, Harper later moved with his family to Santa Ana, California. He attended Chouinard Art Institute in Los Angeles and lived in New York for a time, working as a magazine illustrator for publications including Collier's, Esquire, and National Geographic.
He returned to the west coast to work as a set designer for Warner Bros. on such films as Sergeant York, Casablanca, Charge of the Light Brigade, and the Errol Flynn classic Captain Blood. Later, he served as associate producer and art director for The Vikings, starring Kirk Douglas, and as art director for Pete Kelly's Blues and Willie Wonka and the Chocolate Factory.
Initially, Walt hired Harper to sketch storyboards for a True-Life Adventures short called 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea. Instead, Harper designed sketches for a potential feature film he envisioned, based on the Jules Verne novel by the same title. After Walt studied the eight 4' x 8' storyboards that Harper had filled with imaginative designs, The Walt Disney Studios produced its first all live-action film made in the United States. In 1955, 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea won Oscars® for art direction and special effects.
In his spare time, when not tinkering with his model trains, Harper played banjo with the "Firehouse Five Plus Two" Dixieland jazz band, made up of Disney artists including fellow Disney Legends Ward Kimball and Frank Thomas. In 1975 Harper also contributed to Epcot Center, designing the layout of the World Showcase, and designing concepts for the Japan, Italy, and United Kingdom Pavilions.
Harper Goff passed away on March 3, 1993, in Los Angeles.
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Sam McKim (1924–2004), Imagineering (1996)
Sam McKim inspired many a Disney film and theme park attraction with his imaginative drawings. But the actor-turned-artist is probably best known to Disney fans today as the creator of the Disneyland souvenir maps, issued between 1958 and 1964. Even today, his intricate and fascinating maps remain among the most sought-after pieces of Disney memorabilia. In 1992, Sam encored his cartographical genius when he created a new map in his unique style to commemorate the opening of Disneyland Paris.
Born in Vancouver, British Columbia, on December 20, 1924, Sam moved to Los Angeles with his family during the Great Depression. At 10, he was spotted by a casting director while visiting a relative at MGM and began work as a movie extra. He became a child actor under contract to Republic Studios, working in a slew of western serials and B-pictures; over the years he appeared alongside Hollywood legends such as Spencer Tracy, John Wayne, Rita Hayworth, and Gene Autry.
But even then, Sam had a knack for art. He later recalled, "I was always drawing something or other. I'd draw caricatures of the actors and they would sign them for me."
During high school he submitted some of his drawings to The Walt Disney Studios and was offered a job in the traffic department, with an explanation that "the breaks would happen… later." Instead, Sam enlisted with the United States Army where he served in the American Infantry Division during World War II. Upon his return stateside, he enrolled at Art Center College of Design in Los Angeles and graduated in 1950; the day after his graduation he was drafted into the Korean War. After serving 14 months, during which his decorations included the Distinguished Service Cross, he returned to the United States and attended Chouinard Art Institute in Los Angeles.
In 1953, Sam found himself having to decide between accepting a role in renowned director John Ford's The Long Gray Line or a job with 20th Century Fox making story sketches for films. He happily accepted the latter, because "working behind the camera was what I really wanted to do."
After layoffs at Fox in 1954, Sam joined Disney to create inspirational sketches for Walt's new theme park, Disneyland. Among his first sketches was Slue Foot Sue's Golden Horseshoe Revue in Frontierland.
He later contributed to Great Moments with Mr. LincolnCarousel of ProgressPirates of the Caribbean, and Haunted Mansion. Eventually, every land at the Park benefited from Sam's magic touch.
Sam also contributed to Florida theme park attractions such as the Magic Kingdom's The Hall of Presidents and Universe of Energy in Epcot Center. Sam also developed inspirational sketches for the Disney-MGM Studios.
From time to time, Walt also asked Sam to storyboard Disney films. Among his projects were Nikki, Wild Dog of the NorthBig RedBon Voyage, and The Gnome Mobile. He also developed storyboards for episodes of Disney's television series Zorro.
Sam McKim passed away on July 9, 2004, in Burbank, California.
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The Executive Suite
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Richard Irvine (1910–1976), Imagineering (1990)
In 1952, Walt Disney hired art director Richard "Dick" Irvine away from 20th Century Fox to act as liaison between Walt Disney Productions and an architectural firm being considered to design Disneyland. After a few preliminary meetings with the architects, however, Dick and Walt concluded that the people who could best design the Magic Kingdom were members of Walt's own staff.
Walt Disney Imagineering Senior Vice President John Hench recalled, "Because Dick had worked with movie set designs, creating structures and settings, he understood our needs more than standard architects, such as 'forced' perspective, making things smaller to give the illusion of being farther away, and other optical values."
Dick was convinced that Disney motion picture artists, art directors, and technicians, with their imaginative know-how and theatrical experience, could produce an outstanding theme park. And so Walt proceeded with his own staff, forming what is now known as Walt Disney Imagineering—the design and engineering arm of the Company charged with developing theme parks.
In launching the world's first theme park, Dick helped establish and lead the new team of artists, architects, designers, and engineers, known as Imagineers.
With such a brilliant staff of dreamers and doers on board, anything seemed possible; as Dick once recalled, "Heavens! The dream was wide open."
Born in Salt Lake City, Utah, on April 5, 1910, Dick moved with his family to Southern California in 1922. The son of a prominent Los Angeles ophthalmologist, he attended Stanford University and the University of Southern California, followed by Chouinard Art Institute.
In the early 1930s, he entered the motion picture business and, in 1941, earned an Academy Award® nomination for his art direction on Sundown, a United Artists film directed by Walter Wanger.
Soon after, Dick joined the Walt Disney Studio where he worked for a short time on films that combined live-action footage with animation, such as The Three Caballeros. After World War II he went to Fox, but returned eight years later when Walt asked for his help with Disneyland.
Until his retirement in 1973, Dick headed design and planning for all Disneyland attractions, ranging from Haunted Mansion to Pirates of the Caribbean. He also guided the creation of attractions featured at the 1964-65 New York World's Fair, including it's a small world. Dick went on to help shape the master plan and attractions for Walt Disney World and, in 1967, was appointed executive vice president and chief operations officer of WED Enterprises (now Walt Disney Imagineering).
Richard Irvine passed away on March 30, 1976, in Los Angeles. Walt Disney World's second paddle wheel steamship, the Richard F. Irvine, was named in his honor until it was re-christened Liberty Belle in 1996. Subsequently, one of the ferries that transports guests across the Seven Seas Lagoon to the Magic Kingdom was re-christened Richard F. Irvine so as to continue to honor Dick's contributions.
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Bill Cottrell (1906–1995), Animation & Imagineering (1994)
Bill Cottrell, nicknamed "Uncle Bill" by his colleagues, was the first president of what is today known as Walt Disney Imagineering, the design and development arm of the Company. During the planning and construction phases of Disneyland, Walt relied heavily on Bill's creativity, wisdom, and foresight to make his dream come true.
Fellow Disney Legend Marvin Davis once said, "It was Walt who said, 'Let there be Disneyland,' like the good Lord said, 'Let there be a world.' But it was Uncle Bill who was Walt's counselor and right-hand man."
Born in 1906 to English parents in South Bend, Indiana, Bill graduated from Occidental College in Los Angeles, California, where he studied English and journalism. After working for a time on George Herriman's Krazy Kat comic strip, he was offered a job working cameras at The Walt Disney Studios in 1929. He soon moved into the Story department and contributed ideas for shorts, including Who Killed Cock Robin? Fellow Legend Joe Grant recalled, "Bill was a great fan of Gilbert and Sullivan and you will see elements of that, such as the jury box chorus, in Who Killed Cock Robin?"
Bill went on to direct the Wicked Witch and Evil Queen sequences in Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, and contributed to story on Pinocchio. In 1938, he married Lillian Disney's sister, Hazel Sewell. In 1941, Bill and Hazel joined Walt Disney and a small group of artists on a goodwill tour of South America on behalf of the United States Government. The trip inspired The Three Caballeros and Saludos Amigos, for which Bill also helped develop story. Bill later contributed to Victory Through Air PowerMelody TimeAlice in Wonderland, and Peter Pan.
During the 1950s, he carried his interest in story over to WED Enterprises (now Walt Disney Imagineering), where he helped develop storylines and dialog for such Disneyland attractions as Snow White's Adventures.
Bill was also keen on nomenclature. As former senior vice president of Walt Disney Imagineering John Hench recalled, "He was a talented writer and helped shape how we referred to events and attractions at Disneyland. For instance, he encouraged us to quit using the term 'ride' and to refer to attractions as an 'experience,' which is exactly what they are—'an experience."
Among his many contributions to Disney, Bill helped develop the popular Zorro television series and, in 1964, was named president of Retlaw Enterprises, the Walt Disney family corporation. He held that position until 1982, when he retired after 53 years of service. A lifelong fan of Sherlock Holmes, Bill's idea for a movie about an animal detective inspired the 1986 animated feature The Great Mouse Detective.
Bill Cottrell passed away on December 22, 1995, in Los Angeles.
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The Place Makers
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Marvin Davis (1910–1998), Film & Imagineering (1994)
In the early 1950s, with a handful of artists, art directors, designers, architects, and animators, Marvin Davis developed the master plan for Walt Disney's latest dream, Disneyland. Over the years he worked closely with Walt in designing and laying out virtually every aspect of the Park's conceptualization and architecture, including Main Street, U.S.A., New Orleans Square, Sleeping Beauty Castle, the exterior of Haunted Mansion, and more.
As former senior vice president of Walt Disney Imagineering John Hench once recalled, "Because Marvin had a rich background in live-action motion picture design, he had a strong sense and understanding of theater and how to give life or meaning to structures, which, typically, most formally-trained architects aren't interested in.
"He knew how to create architectural form that had a message for people. For instance, his structures on Main Street, U.S.A. are irrepressibly optimistic."
Born in Clovis, New Mexico, on December 21, 1910, Marvin attended UCLA for two years before transferring to the University of Southern California. He graduated with a degree in architecture and, as top student in the class of 1935, he also received the prestigious American Institute of Architects medal. Two years later, Marvin won a job at 20th Century Fox, where he worked as an art director on such films as Gentlemen Prefer Blondes, starring Marilyn Monroe, and The Asphalt Jungle, directed by John Huston.
In 1953, he was invited by his friend, former Fox art director Dick Irvine, to join WED Enterprises. Today WED is known as Walt Disney Imagineering, the design and development arm of the Company charged with creating theme parks. Said Hench, "Marvin was very conscientious about developing the Park. He worked extremely hard to help bring Walt's dream to life, exactly as Walt envisioned it."
After the theme park's successful opening in the summer of 1955, Marvin returned to art directing motion pictures, including Disney's Moon Pilot, Babes in Toyland, and Big Red, as well as such television series as Zorro and Mickey Mouse Club. In 1962, he received an Emmy Award® for art direction and scenic design on Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color.
In 1965, Marvin returned to WED as a project designer for Walt Disney World in Florida. In addition to the master plan for the theme park and Walt's futuristic city of EPCOT, Marvin contributed to the design of resort hotels including the Contemporary, the Polynesian, and the Golf Resort. After 22 years with the Company, he retired in 1975.
Marvin Davis passed away on March 8, 1998, in Santa Monica, California.
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Bill Martin (1917–2010), Imagineering (1994)
In 1953, while working at 20th Century Fox, Wilson E. "Bill" Martin received a surprise phone call: Walt Disney was seeking help to create his new theme park, Disneyland. Eager to expand his talent as an art director and set designer, Bill readily accepted the challenge. He went on to contribute to the designs of many attractions, including Sleeping Beauty CastleSnow White's AdventuresPeter Pan's Flight, and more.
Born in Marshalltown, Iowa, on June 15, 1917, Bill and his family later moved to Los Angeles. In 1937, he graduated from Los Angeles Junior College and continued his studies in architecture at nearby Chouinard Art Institute and the Art Center School of Design.
After school, he landed a job as a set designer for 20th Century Fox. He left the studio during World War II to serve as a captain in the U.S. Air Force, where he trained pilots and bombardiers. Following the war, he worked for Panoramic Productions and eventually returned to Fox as an assistant art director.
When Bill first joined WED Enterprises, now known as Walt Disney Imagineering, he and other newly initiated Imagineers toured amusement parks across the country to fuel ideas for their new creative venture, Disneyland. Using the Studio's animated movies as the inspiration for attractions, they then helped Walt develop his three-dimensional world of fun and fantasy.
When Bill and the small group of Disney designers brainstormed together, Walt never knew what sort of wacky ideas they would devise.
As Bill once recalled with a chuckle, "One of our first ideas for Main Street was a corset shop called 'The Wizard of Bras.' For some reason, Walt didn't like it."
Walt did like Bill's creative genius, however, naming him art director of Fantasyland. Among his contributions included the layout of each Fantasyland attraction, and, later, the Disneyland-Alweg Monorail's course around the Park. He also contributed design elements to Carnation Plaza Gardens, Bear Country, New Orleans Square, Pirates of the CaribbeanAutopia, and Haunted Mansion.
In 1971, Bill was named vice president of design at WED Enterprises, overseeing the master layout of the Magic Kingdom for Walt Disney World in Florida. His design projects included Main Street, U.S.A., Cinderella Castle, the utilidors beneath the Magic Kingdom, and the canal systems which crisscross Walt Disney World's 27,000-acre property. He also designed various watercraft, including the Admiral Joe Fowler and Richard F. Irvine riverboats, steam launches, and side-wheel steamboats.
In 1977, after 24 years with the company, Bill Martin retired. He returned, however, to consult on such projects as the Mexico and Italy Pavilions for Epcot Center and the master layout of Tokyo Disneyland.
Bill Martin passed away on August 2, 2010.
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The Story Department
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Claude Coats (1913–1992), Animation & Imagineering (1991)
Among the stable of "enormous" talents at the Walt Disney Studio, Claude Coats stood above the rest—literally. Claude, a background painter, color stylist, and concept designer, stood 6-feet, 6-inches tall. The gentle giant with a warm wit once recalled how Walt used to kid him about his height. Claude said:
"When the Disneyland Stagecoach was completed at the Studio, Walt and a driver were giving rides around the lot, but he wouldn't let me get in. He said I spoiled the scale."
Born January 17, 1913, in San Francisco, California, Claude graduated from the University of Southern California in 1934 with an architecture and fine arts degree. He went on to study at Chouinard Art Institute in Los Angeles before joining the Walt Disney Studio as a background painter in June 1935.
The stunning watercolor background paintings Claude created for Pinocchio continue to be heralded by Disney scholars, fans, and art collectors for the rich and textured beauty they lend to the classic film. He also developed backgrounds and color stylings for Snow White and the Seven DwarfsFantasiaDumboSaludos AmigosVictory Through Air PowerThe Three CaballerosMake Mine MusicMelody TimeSong of the SouthThe Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. ToadFun and Fancy FreeCinderellaAlice in WonderlandPeter Pan, and Lady and the Tramp.
In 1955, Claude was one of the elite artists and designers Walt selected to help bring Disneyland to life. As a show designer, he was part of the development team for the Grand Canyon and Primeval World dioramas, Haunted MansionPirates of the CaribbeanMr. Toad's Wild RideSnow White's Scary Adventures, and Submarine Voyage, among others. Claude also contributed to the 1964-65 New York World's Fair attractions, including Magic SkywayCarousel of Progress, and it's a small world.
He later helped conceptualize the Magic Kingdom's Mickey Mouse Revue at Walt Disney World and numerous attractions for Epcot Center, including Universe of EnergyWorld of MotionHorizons, and several World Showcase pavilions. For Tokyo Disneyland, he helped design Meet the World and the Cinderella Castle Mystery Tour.
After a long and happy 54 years with Disney, Claude retired in November 1989. As Walt Disney Imagineering President and Disney Legend Marty Sklar later recalled, "Claude paved the way in turning sketches and paintings into three-dimensional adventures. His energy, curiosity, and drive to create new experiences for our Disney park guests made him a leader and a teacher for all of us. He was a genuine one-of-a-kind."
Claude Coats passed away on January 9, 1992, in Los Angeles.
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Masters of Mixed Media
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Bill Evans (1910–2002), Imagineering (1992)
In 1952, third-generation horticulturist Bill Evans was called to landscape the grounds of Walt Disney's Holmby Hills home as well as the gardens that surrounded his backyard railroad, the Carolwood Pacific. Little did he know at the time, however, Walt had another task percolating in the back of his mind. In 1954, Walt asked Bill and his brother, Jack, "How about you fellows landscaping Disneyland for me?"
Within a year, Bill helped transform 80 acres of Anaheim orange groves into lush theme park attractions, including the Jungle Cruise. With its canopy of bamboo, ficus, and palms, which tower 70 feet overhead, the two-acre man-made jungle was described by Bill as "the best darn jungle this side of Costa Rica."
Indeed, Bill was known not only for using unusual plants, but for using plants in unusual ways. As Disney Imagineer Terry Palmer explained:
"In the Jungle Cruise, there's a group of orange trees that most people would never recognize because Bill planted them upside down. He decided the gnarled roots of the orange trees looked like suitably exotic jungle branches."
Born June 10, 1910, in Santa Monica, California, Bill's first botanical classroom was his father's three-acre garden. It was filled with exotic plants, including 150 varieties of hibiscus, collected by his father. In 1928, Bill joined the Merchant Marine and, while he traveled the world aboard the S.S. President Harrison, he gathered exotic seeds for his father's garden from distant lands including the West Indies, South Africa, and Australia.
Upon his return from duty, Bill studied at Pasadena City College before proceeding to Stanford, where he majored in geology. His education was cut short, however, by the Great Depression. In 1931, he helped transform his father's garden into a nursery business—Evans and Reeves Landscaping. Their inventory of rare and exotic plants soon caught the attention of Hollywood's elite; among their celebrity clientele were Greta Garbo, Clark Gable, Elizabeth Taylor, and, ultimately, Walt Disney.
After Disneyland opened in July 1955, Bill stayed on as a consultant, drawing landscape plans, installing materials and supervising maintenance of the Park. Later, he was named director of landscape architecture, working on Disneyland additions and the master plan for Walt Disney World and EPCOT Center.
In 1975, Bill retired from Disney, but was soon summoned back to consult on landscape design for Tokyo Disneyland. He also consulted on the schematic designs for Walt Disney World's Polynesian Resort Hotel, Discovery Island, Typhoon Lagoon, Disney-MGM Studios, and other elements of the Florida resort. He was key in selecting plants for Disneyland Paris and Disney's Animal Kingdom in Florida.
Bill Evans passed away on August 16, 2002, at the age of 92. He was posthumously awarded the American Society of Landscape Architects Medal for his lifetime of achievements.
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Blaine Gibson (1918–2015), Animation & Imagineering (1993)
After animating all day at The Walt Disney Studios, Blaine Gibson would go home at night and sculpt; it had been a favorite hobby of his since childhood. Then, in 1954, Walt Disney happened to see one of Blaine's art exhibits, which featured several animal sculptures, and recruited him to work on special projects for his new theme park, Disneyland.
Blaine was somewhat ambivalent about being diverted from his goal to establish himself as one of the Studio's foremost animators. As he recalled in 1995, "I didn't think it was that important, but then I was told Walt was expecting me to work on these projects. So I said to myself, 'what the heck' and went [to Walt Disney Imagineering]. I was never sorry after that."
Born February 11, 1918, in Rocky Ford, Colorado, Blaine attended Colorado University, but left school to join The Walt Disney Studios in 1939. While working as an in-between artist and assistant animator, he took evening classes in sculpture at Pasadena City College and studied with a private instructor. Among his animation credits are FantasiaBambiSong of the SouthAlice in WonderlandPeter PanSleeping Beauty, and One Hundred and One Dalmatians.
When first assigned by Walt to the Disneyland project, Blaine divided his time between sculpting and animating for the Company. In 1961, he transferred full-time to WED Enterprises, joining the design and development division to supervise the newly created sculpture department. Ultimately, Blaine went on to make a name for himself in 3-D animation, creating hundreds of sculptures from which Audio-Animatronics® figures and bronzes were produced for exhibits at the 1964-65 New York World's Fair and Disney theme parks around the world. Among his credits are contributions to such attractions as Great Moments with Mr. LincolnPirates of the CaribbeanHaunted Mansion, and the Enchanted Tiki Room.
He also directed the sculpture of every U.S. President, up to George W. Bush in 2001, for The Hall of Presidents at Walt Disney World.
After nearly 45 years with The Walt Disney Company, Blaine retired in 1983. He continued to consult on such projects as The Great Movie Ride at Disney's Hollywood Studios in Florida. In 1993, the same year he was named a Disney Legend, Blaine created a life-size bronze of Walt and Mickey Mouse standing hand-in-hand. The statue, called "Partners," is located at the Central Hub in Disneyland and at Disney parks around the world. Blaine subsequently created a life-size bronze of Roy O. Disney—Company co-founder and brother of Walt—for display in Disney theme parks.
Blaine passed away on Sunday, July 5, 2015 at the age of 97.
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Yale Gracey (1910–1983), Animation & Imagineering (1999)
Always interested in devising gadgets and building models, layout artist Yale Gracey's office at The Walt Disney Studios in Burbank was always cluttered with his lunch-hour experiments. One Saturday afternoon, as Walt Disney made his rounds through the deserted offices to see what his staff was working on during the week, he came across one of Yale's mock-ups which featured the illusion of falling snow. Impressed, Walt later asked the gadgeteer to help research and develop attractions for Disneyland.
John Hench, former senior vice president of creative development at Walt Disney Imagineering, once recalled, "Whenever we needed a special effect, we went to Yale. Sometimes it took a while to get what we were asking for; however, along the way he'd develop other marvelous effects we could use. I remember one time we asked him to create a particular illusion and in the process of experimenting he developed a gopher bomb, which we all used in our yards. It worked very well!"
The son of an American consul, Yale was born in Shanghai, China, on September 3, 1910. He attended an English boarding school and, after graduation, moved to the United States. There, he attended the Art Center School of Design in Los Angeles.
In 1939, Yale joined The Walt Disney Studios as a layout artist working on the animated classic Pinocchio. He did the same for Fantasia. He also contributed to the layouts and backgrounds of animated shorts featuring Donald Duck and other characters.
In 1961, Yale began the second and most significant stage of his Disney career as a special effects and lighting artist at Walt Disney Imagineering, then called WED Enterprises. With no special effects training other than his own hands-on experimentation, Yale worked as a research and development designer creating illusions. These included the "grim, grinning ghosts" featured in the Haunted Mansion and the flames of the burning city in Pirates of the Caribbean. He also contributed to the 1964-65 New York World's Fair attractions, including the Carousel of Progress; for that show, he developed a pixie dust projector that blocked out everything on stage during scene changes via the illusion of glimmering pixie dust. The technology is also used in Space Mountain to block out the surrounding roller coaster structure.
After 36 years with the company, Yale retired on October 4, 1975. He continued to consult on special effects and lighting for attractions at Walt Disney World and Epcot Center, including the breathtaking "CenterCore" finale of the World of Motion attraction.
Yale Gracey passed away in Los Angeles, California, on September 5, 1983.
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Rolly Crump (1930–2023), Imagineering (2004)
Words may not fully describe designer and Imagineer Rolly Crump. So to get a handle on this spirited, multi-talented Disney designer, think: Leonardo DiVinci's Universal Man.
A true "original," even among Imagineers, Rolly drew forth genius in others. Disney Concept Designer John Horny observed, "Rolly has a knack for bringing out the best in others. Trusting their talent, he encourages artists to push their creativity to the limits. It's a rare creative person who can let others run with the ball." Show writer Jim Steinmeyer added, "The idea is king with Rolly. It doesn't have to be his vision, as long as it works."
Born Roland Fargo Crump on February 27, 1930, in Alhambra, California, Rolly took a pay cut as a "dipper" in a ceramic factory to join The Walt Disney Studios in 1952.
To help pay bills, he built sewer manholes on weekends. He served as an in-between artist and, later, assistant animator, contributing to Peter PanLady and the TrampSleeping Beauty, and others.
In 1959, he joined show design at WED Enterprises, now known as Walt Disney Imagineering. There, he became one of Walt's key designers for some of Disneyland's groundbreaking new attractions and shops, including the Haunted MansionEnchanted Tiki Room, and Adventureland Bazaar.
Rolly served as a key designer on the Disney attractions featured at the 1964-65 New York World's Fair, including it's a small world, for which he designed the Tower of the Four Winds marquee. When the attraction moved to Disneyland in 1966, Rolly designed the larger-than-life animated clock at its entrance, which sends puppet children on parade with each quarter-hour gong.
After contributing to the initial design of the Magic Kingdom at Walt Disney World in Florida, and developing story and set designs for NBC's Disney on Parade in 1970, Rolly left the Company to consult on projects including Busch Gardens in Florida and California, the ABC Wildlife Preserve in Maryland, and Ringling Brothers & Barnum and Bailey Circus World in Florida, among others.
He returned in 1976 to contribute to EPCOT Center, serving as project designer for The Land and the Wonders of Life pavilions. He also participated in master planning for an expansion of Disneyland until 1981, when he again departed to lead design on a proposed Cousteau Ocean Center in Norfolk, Virginia, and to launch his own firm, the Mariposa Design Group, developing an array of themed projects around the world, including an international celebration for the country of Oman.
In 1992, Rolly returned to Imagineering as executive designer, redesigning and refurbishing The Land and Innoventions at Epcot Center. Rolly "retired" from The Walt Disney Company in 1996, but continued to work on a number of creative projects. He released his autobiography, It's Kind of a Cute Story, in 2012.
Rolly passed away on Sunday, March 12, 2023 in Carlsbad, California. He was 93.
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The Model Shop
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Wathel Rogers (1919–2000), Imagineering (1995)
Imagineer Wathel Rogers was the man to call whenever inanimate objects needed to come to life in grand Disney fashion. Wathel breathed life into the robotic Audio-Animatronics® figures featured in such theme park attractions as the Enchanted Tiki Room at Disneyland and The Hall of Presidents at Walt Disney World. Former senior vice president of Walt Disney Imagineering John Hench once recalled, "Wathel was always making everything come to life. If it was stationary and we wanted it to move, all we had to do was call Wathel and in his quiet, calm way, he'd make it work."
Born on June 29, 1919, in Stratton, Colorado, Wathel's unique sculpting ability became evident when, as a boy, he would make one-of-a-kind toys out of household items and other scrap material.
In 1937 he entered Chouinard Art Institute in Los Angeles and, from there, joined The Walt Disney Studios in 1939. Wathel worked first as an assistant animator and, later, as animator on such films as Pinocchio and Bambi.
World War II briefly interrupted his tenure; in 1943, he enlisted in the United States Marine Corps to serve as a staff sergeant in the photographic section. After the war he returned to Disney's Animation Department, where he contributed to such beloved classics as Alice in WonderlandCinderellaPeter PanLady and the Tramp, and Sleeping Beauty.
In his spare time, Wathel continued to sculpt and build toys, including model railroads, which caught Walt Disney's attention. Soon he was asked to contribute his sculpting talent to the Studio, creating props and miniatures for live-action films including Darby O'Gill and the Little People and The Absent-Minded Professor, as well as television shows including Mickey Mouse Club and Zorro.
In 1954, Walt asked Wathel to help develop the model shop for his latest project, Disneyland. Wathel became an ace Imagineer, assisting in the construction of architectural models during the Park's design and development phase.
One of Wathel's greatest challenges came when Walt assigned him to help research and construct a nine-inch-tall figure of a moving and talking man. "Project Little Man," as it was called, became the prototype of Audio-Animatronics® technology; Wathel was about to become known as "Mr. Audio-Animatronics."
In the early 1960s, Wathel continued to pioneer the new technology. Among his greatest achievements was the development of a robotic Abraham Lincoln for the Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln attraction, which debuted at the 1964-65 New York World's Fair. He also contributed to Pirates of the Caribbean and the Jungle Cruise; for the American Adventure at Epcot Center, he helped create the first "walking" Audio-Animatronics® figure, Benjamin Franklin.
Wathel Rogers passed away on August 25, 2000.
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Harriet Burns (1928–2008), Imagineering (2000)
As the first woman ever hired by Walt Disney Imagineering in a creative capacity, Harriet Burns helped design, prototype, and build theme park attractions featured at Disneyland, Walt Disney World, and the New York World's Fair of 1964-65. And while she worked shoulder to shoulder with men in the model shop, wielding saws, lathes, and sanders, she was still the best-dressed employee in the department.
"It was the 1950s," she later explained. "I wore color-coordinated dresses, high heels, and gloves to work. Girls didn't wear slacks back then, although I carried a pair in a little sack, just in case I had to climb into high places."
Born August 20, 1928, in San Antonio, Texas, Harriet received her bachelor's degree in art from Southern Methodist University in Dallas. She went on to study advanced design for another year at the University of New Mexico in Albuquerque.
In 1953, she moved to Los Angeles with her husband and small daughter. There, she accepted a part-time position at Dice Display Industries Cooperative Exchange, where she helped design and produce props for television's Colgate Comedy Hour along with interiors and sets for Las Vegas hotels, including the Dunes. Adept at her work, she was asked to spearhead the creation of the fanciful Southern California tourist destination Santa's Village, located near Lake Arrowhead.
When Dice went out of business in 1955, a co-employee who had once worked at Disney beat tracks back to the Studio and invited Harriet to come along. She was subsequently hired to paint sets and props for the new Mickey Mouse Club television show. Harriet soon began coordinating the show's color styling and even designed and built the famous "Mouse Clubhouse."
She later joined Walt Disney Imagineering, formerly called WED Enterprises, where she helped create Sleeping Beauty CastleNew Orleans Square, the Haunted Mansion, and more. She also helped construct Storybook Land, which features miniature villages inspired by Disney animated movies such as Pinocchio, and designed all of the "singing birds" in the Enchanted Tiki Room, the first Audio-Animatronics® attraction at Disneyland.
Harriet worked on everything from figure finishing to stage design for attractions featured at the New York World's Fair in 1964, including Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln and the Carousel of Progress. On occasion, when Walt would introduce new theme park attractions to television audiences, she would appear on segments of Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color.
After retirement, Harriet remained an active member of the arts and music community in Santa Barbara, California.
Harriet Burns passed away on July 25, 2008, in Los Angeles, California.
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Fred Joerger (1913–2005), Imagineering (2001)
Imagineer Fred Joerger helped realize Walt Disney's visions by crafting three-dimensional miniature models of Disney theme park attractions, as well as motion picture sets and props, before they were brought to full-scale life.
As Fred recalled, "I was given artists' drawings of an interior set or a building and interpreted them into models. It's very easy to make something like the Haunted Mansion look good on paper, but if you don't get it into three-dimensions first, you may have a disaster. Well, my job was to create the model to avert disaster, which was fun, but a challenge."
Born in Pekin, Illinois, on December 21, 1913, Fred graduated from the University of Illinois with a fine arts degree in 1937. He then moved to Los Angeles and joined the art department at Warner Brothers building models of movie sets.
In 1953, as Walt began planning Disneyland, Fred joined the Company crafting decorative backgrounds for "Project Little Man." This experiment featured a nine-inch tall mechanical man dancing on a vaudeville stage, and a miniature singing barbershop quartet. The animated figures were the first step toward creating the robotic Audio-Animatronics® figures later featured in Disney theme park attractions, including Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln.
Fred also built miniature sets and props for Disney motion pictures, including Mary PoppinsDarby O'Gill and the Little People, and 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea, for which he created intricate models of the submarine Nautilus.
Fred and Disney Legends Harriet Burns and Wathel Rogers comprised the original "model shop" when Walt began developing Disneyland. As Burns remembered: "Most anything at Disneyland, Fred created as a model first.
"He constructed several versions of Sleeping Beauty Castle, for instance, changing each design, moving the turrets around, changing colors. Walt liked the model with the blue roof because he thought it would blend in with the sky, making the castle look taller."
In addition to his skills with models, which helped define projects in concept development, Fred established the standards for field art direction. He was responsible for assuring that shows ranging from Pirates of the Caribbean to Submarine Voyage achieved "the look," as designed by Walt Disney Imagineering art directors.
Fred's unusual knack for creating gorgeous rockwork out of plaster led to his reputation as Imagineering's "resident rock expert." Among his rocky mountain highlights are the huge stones featured on the Jungle Cruise and Big Thunder Mountain Railroad at both Disneyland and Walt Disney World. In fact, he designed and constructed most all rockwork at the Florida theme park for its 1971 opening, including the breathtaking atrium waterfall featured in the Polynesian Village Resort.
In 1979, after 25 years with the Company, Fred retired. He soon returned, however, to serve as field art director for EPCOT Center prior to its 1982 opening.
Fred Joerger passed away on August 26, 2005, in Woodland Hills, California.
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The Machine Shop
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Roger Broggie (1908–1991), Imagineering (1990)
As Walt Disney's original Imagineer, Roger Broggie built everything from steam locomotives to electronic robots that could sing and dance. Gifted with mechanical genius, there wasn't anything Roger couldn't do or figure out how to do. He epitomized the essence of Disney Imagineering—"the blending of creative imagination and technical know-how."
When Roger was honored at the Disney Legends Awards on October 18, 1990, company Chairman Michael Eisner said, "Any mechanical things you had to do, what you said was, 'Call Roger, he'll know how to fix it.' Without him, Disneyland wouldn't have happened."
Born in Pittsfield, Massachusetts, in 1908, Roger graduated from Mooseheart High School in Illinois in 1927. Having received vocational machine shop training, he moved to Los Angeles where he worked for such companies as Technicolor and Bell and Howell. In 1932, he built and operated a rear-projection system for Teague Process Company at General Service Studios. During this period, Roger worked on films for Walter Wanger, David O. Selznick, and Charlie Chaplin.
By invitation of a friend who worked at Disney, Roger joined the Studio as a precision machinist in 1939. Among his first assignments was installing the complicated multiplane animation camera equipment at Disney's new Burbank lot. He later worked closely with fellow Disney Legend Ub Iwerks to develop rear-screen special effects, camera cranes, and high-speed optical printers.
In 1949, Roger helped Walt build his own miniature trains in the Studio Machine Shop and went on to install Walt's backyard railroad at his Holmby Hills home. Later, Roger was instrumental in developing the Disneyland and Santa Fe Railroad in Anaheim.
Roger was promoted to head of the Studio Machine Shop in 1950. Under his able direction, the shop's responsibilities expanded in four years from creating special effects for films such as 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea to producing attractions for Disneyland. These included the Monorail system and Matterhorn Bobsleds, as well as new film processes and techniques like Circle-Vision 360—a motion picture format with screens that completely surround the audience.
In 1951, Walt assigned Roger to work on "Project Little Man;" along with fellow Imagineer Wathel Rogers, Roger constructed a nine-inch tall figure of a man that moved and talked; it became the prototype of Audio-Animatronics® technology. In 1963, Roger and his department completed Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln, the first application of Audio-Animatronics technology to a life-sized human figure. The show premiered at the 1964-65 New York World's Fair.
In 1973, Roger turned his attention to planning for EPCOT Center until, after dedicating more than 35 years to the Company, he retired in 1975. The Walt Disney World Railroad steam engine No. 3 is named the Roger E. Broggie in his honor.
Roger Broggie passed away on November 4, 1991, in Los Angeles.
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Bob Gurr, Imagineering (2004)
Imagineer Bob Gurr has always been a man on the move. And, for nearly 40 years, he helped move many a happy Disney theme park guest aboard vehicles and ride conveyances of his own design. As he's often quipped, "If it moves on wheels at Disneyland, I probably designed it."
And he certainly has. Bob has developed more than 100 designs for attractions ranging from Autopia and Matterhorn Bobsleds to the Disneyland and Walt Disney World Monorails, and more.
Born in Los Angeles on October 25, 1931, young Bob was fascinated with tools, mechanical devices, and cars. He often crawled through a hole in the fence of nearby Grand Central Air Terminal in Glendale to sneak into the cockpits of idle transport airplanes, while at school he decorated his test papers with sketches of automobiles.
Later, he attended Art Center College of Design in Los Angeles on a General Motors scholarship, where he studied industrial design. Upon graduation in 1952, he was hired by Ford Motor Company, but soon purchased a rubber stamp marked "R.H. Gurr Industrial Design" and went into business for himself.
Soon after, WED Enterprises, today known as Walt Disney Imagineering, hired Bob to consult on the design of miniature cars for Autopia. Walt Disney was so impressed with Bob's knowledge and skill that he invited him to join the Imagineering family, which then was solely dedicated to the design and construction of Disneyland.
Over the next nearly four decades, Bob worked transportation magic developing the memorable Flying Saucers attraction in Tomorrowland, the antique cars and double-decker buses of Main Street, U.S.A., Ford Motor Company's Magic Skyway, which premiered at the 1964-65 New York World's Fair, and more. Bob also helped design the mechanical workings of Disney's first Audio-Animatronics® human figure, Abraham Lincoln, featured in Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln.
In 1981, Bob retired early from Imagineering to launch GurrDesign, Inc., and, three years later, joined creative forces with two former Imagineers to form Sequoia Creative, Inc. The firm, which specialized in "leisure-time spectaculars" and "fantastical beasts" developed King Kong and Conan's Serpent for Universal Studios, Hollywood.
Among his other mechanical feats, Bob was instrumental in creating the mysterious UFO that soared over the closing ceremonies of the 1984 Los Angeles Summer Olympic Games. He also consulted on the animated T-Rex figure featured in Steven Spielberg's motion picture Jurassic Park.
Bob continues to consult on Disney projects, including the giant Ursula creature featured at Tokyo DisneySea. In 1999, he was honored with the Themed Entertainment Association's Lifetime Achievement Award. He released his memoir, Design: Just for Fun, in 2012.
Bob continues to make mechanical magic while living his favorite philosophy, in the words of Malcolm Forbes: "While alive, live!"
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The Music Makers
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Richard Sherman, Music (1990)
Generations of moviegoers and theme park guests have been introduced to the world of Disney through the songs of Richard and Robert Sherman. Whether they know the names behind the songs or not, you'd be hard pressed to find a person alive who hasn't at one time or another hummed one of the Shermans' unforgettable tunes; even today, they remain the quintessential lyrical voice of Walt Disney.
Richard and Robert Sherman are probably best known for their work on Mary Poppins, for which they won two Oscars®: best score, and best song for "Chim Chim Cher-ee." Another of their songs from the film, "Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious," became a pop hit, entering the Billboard Hot 100 in August 1965. "Feed the Birds," a lullaby, became one of Walt Disney's all-time favorite songs.
Robert Sherman recalled, "The point of the song—that it doesn't take much to give a little kindness—was what really registered with Walt."
Born in Manhattan on June 12, 1928, Richard's father was Tin Pan Alley songwriter Al Sherman, who penned such Depression-era songs as "Potatoes Are Cheaper, Tomatoes Are Cheaper, Now's the Time to Fall in Love," which became one of comedian Eddie Cantor's signature tunes.
After his family moved to Beverly Hills, California, Richard attended Beverly Hills High School before majoring in Music at Bard College. Drafted into the United States Army, he served as conductor for the Army band and glee club, from 1953 until 1955.
In 1951, the Sherman brothers' first song, "Gold Can Buy You Anything But Love," was recorded by cowboy crooner Gene Autry and played daily on his radio show. Their big break came in 1958, when Mouseketeer Annette Funicello recorded their song "Tall Paul," which shot up to number seven on the charts and sold 700,000 singles.
The Sherman brothers went on to write a string of top ten hits for Annette, including "Pineapple Princess," until Walt Disney took notice and hired them as staff composers.
Over the years, they contributed to such films as The Parent TrapThe Jungle BookBedknobs and Broomsticks, and the entire Winnie the Pooh series, including Winnie the Pooh and the Blustery Day. They also contributed to television shows, such as Zorro and Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color.
During the Sherman brothers' 13-year career at Disney (1960-73), they received four Academy Award® nominations and a Grammy® award and wrote more than 200 songs for 27 films and two dozen television productions. They also contributed music for a number of theme park attractions, including Disneyland's Enchanted Tiki Room and the iconic song "It's a Small World"—one Richard refers to as "a prayer for peace." Among their last projects before leaving Disney were songs for Epcot Center and Tokyo Disneyland, which included the whimsical "One Little Spark" and the catchy "Meet the World."
In 1992, Disney Records released a retrospective collection of their music, The Sherman Brothers: Disney's Supercalifragilistic Songwriting Team. The brothers returned to the Studio in 1998 to compose music for The Tigger Movie; they also penned their autobiography, Walt's Time: From Before to Beyond. In 2009, a second compilation of Sherman hits, The Sherman Brothers Songbook, was released, and their life stories were told in the documentary film The Boys: The Sherman Brothers' Story.
Richard is a member of the Songwriters Hall of Fame. He was awarded the National Medal of the Arts at the White House in 2008.
About their Disney career, Richard said, "There's a line in Mary Poppins that says, 'A man has dreams of walking with giants to carve his niche in the edifice of time.' At Disney, we walked with giants."
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Robert Sherman (1925–2012), Music (1990)
Generations of moviegoers and theme park guests have been introduced to the world of Disney through the songs of the Sherman brothers. Whether they know the names behind the songs or not, you'd be hard pressed to find a person alive who hasn't at one time or another hummed one of the Shermans' timeless tunes; even today, they remain the quintessential lyrical voice of Walt Disney.
Richard and Robert Sherman are probably best known for their work on Mary Poppins, for which they won two Oscars®: best score, and best song for "Chim Chim Cher-ee." Another of their songs from the film, "Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious," became a pop hit, entering the Billboard Hot 100 in August 1965. "Feed the Birds," a lullaby, became one of Walt Disney's all-time favorite songs.
Robert Sherman recalled, "The point of the song—that it doesn't take much to give a little kindness—was what really registered with Walt."
Born in Manhattan on December 19, 1925, Robert's father was Tin Pan Alley songwriter Al Sherman, who penned such Depression-era songs as "Potatoes Are Cheaper, Tomatoes Are Cheaper, Now's the Time to Fall in Love," which became one of comedian Eddie Cantor's signature tunes.
After the family moved to Beverly Hills in 1937, Robert attended Beverly Hills High School, where he wrote and produced radio and stage plays. He joined the United States Army in 1943 at the age of 17, and led the first squad of men to liberate the Dachau concentration camp in 1945. Soon thereafter he was shot in the knee and added a Purple Heart to his many decorations; he recuperated in Britain, where he developed a lifelong love of English culture.
Upon his return to the United States, he attended Bard College and obtained degrees in English Literature and Painting in 1949. He would continue to write and paint for the rest of his life.
In 1951, the Sherman brothers' first song, "Gold Can Buy You Anything But Love," was recorded by cowboy crooner Gene Autry and played daily on his radio show. Their big break came in 1958, when Mouseketeer Annette Funicello recorded their song "Tall Paul," which shot up to number seven on the charts and sold 700,000 singles.
The Sherman brothers went on to write a string of top 10 hits for Annette, including "Pineapple Princess," until Walt Disney took notice and hired them as staff composers. Over the years, they contributed to such films as The Parent TrapThe Jungle BookBedknobs and Broomsticks, and the entire Winnie the Pooh series, including Winnie the Pooh and the Blustery Day. They also contributed to television shows, such as Zorro and Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color.
During the Sherman brothers' 13-year career at Disney (1960-73), they received four Academy Award® nominations and a Grammy® award and wrote more than 200 songs for 27 films and two dozen television productions. They also contributed music for a number of theme park attractions, including Disneyland's Enchanted Tiki Room and the iconic song "It's a Small World"—one Richard refers to as "a prayer for peace." Among their last projects before leaving Disney were songs for Epcot Center and Tokyo Disneyland, which included the whimsical "One Little Spark" and the catchy "Meet the World."
In 1992, Disney Records released a retrospective collection of their music, The Sherman Brothers: Disney's Supercalifragilistic Songwriting Team. The brothers returned to the Studio in 1998 to compose music for The Tigger Movie; they also penned their autobiography, Walt's Time: From Before to Beyond. In 2009, a second compilation of Sherman hits, The Sherman Brothers Songbook, was released, and their life stories were told in the documentary film The Boys: The Sherman Brothers' Story.
Robert is a member of the Songwriters Hall of Fame. He was awarded the National Medal of the Arts at the White House in 2008.
About their Disney career, his brother Richard said, "There's a line in Mary Poppins that says, 'A man has dreams of walking with giants to carve his niche in the edifice of time.' At Disney, we walked with giants."
Robert Sherman passed away on March 5, 2012, in London, England. He had moved to London in 2002, and had continued to write, paint, and collaborate with his brother Richard from afar. His son Jeffrey Sherman paid tribute to his father by saying he "wanted to bring happiness to the world and, unquestionably, he succeeded."
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X Atencio (1919–2017), Animation & Imagineering (1996)
Walt Disney valued multi-talented artists like Xavier "X" Atencio, who helped animate Disney classics, including Fantasia, and later developed music for such Disneyland attractions as Pirates of the Caribbean. X once described the thrill of acknowledgment when, as a young artist, Walt first greeted him with a robust, "Hi ya', X!" X recalled, "Walt was a father image. You felt good merely having been in the presence of his dynamic personality."
Born in Walsenburg, Colorado, on September 4, 1919, X moved to Los Angeles in 1937 to attend Chouinard Art Institute. Instructors gently prodded the shy young artist to submit his portfolio to The Walt Disney Studios. He startled neighbors the next year when, running from the Company's Hyperion Studio to his aunt's house, he bolted past their homes shouting "I got a job at Disney!"
Within three years, X had been promoted to assistant animator on Fantasia. World War II sent him to England with the United States Army Air Forces, but he returned to the Studio in 1945 to work on animated short subjects. In 1953, he received his first screen credit for Toot, Whistle, Plunk and Boom, which won an Academy Award®. Other films he contributed to included Jack and Old Mac, as well as Oscar® nominees Noah's Ark and A Symposium on Popular Songs. X helped animate titles and sequences for such Disney live-action films as The Parent TrapBabes in Toyland, and Mary Poppins, and he contributed his artistic skill to the "I'm No Fool" series for the original Mickey Mouse Club television show.
In 1965, Walt asked X to stretch his talents by relocating to Walt Disney Imagineering, then called WED Enterprises, to assist in the creation of the Primeval World diorama for Disneyland. He went on to help develop dialogue and music for such attractions as Adventure Thru Inner SpaceHaunted Mansion (for which he co-wrote the song "Grim Grinning Ghosts"), and Pirates of the Caribbean (for which he wrote "Yo Ho, Yo Ho, A Pirate's Life for Me").
He once said, "I didn't even know I could write music, but somehow Walt did. He tapped my hidden talents."
Later, X contributed to the If You Had Wings and Space Mountain attractions in the Magic Kingdom at Walt Disney World, as well as the Spaceship Earth, World of Motion, and Mexico Pavilions for Epcot Center. In 1983, he made several trips to Tokyo Disneyland to supervise recordings for Haunted Mansion.
X Atencio retired in 1984, after 47 years with The Walt Disney Company. He passed away on September 10, 2017 at the age of 98.
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Buddy Baker (1918–2002), Music (1998)
One of Disney's most prolific music men, Buddy Baker composed more than 200 scores for Disney motion pictures, television, and theme parks. Among his vast contributions, the multi-talented artist scored the live-action movie Napoleon and Samantha, which garnered the Studio an Academy Award® nomination for Best Original Dramatic Score in 1973, television's Mickey Mouse Club," and the Haunted Mansion attraction at Disneyland.
Buddy later recalled what it was like working with Walt Disney:
"During the 28 years I worked at the Studio," he said, "Walt never came to a recording. He had confidence in me and in everybody else. He trusted his people. He also knew what kind of music worked—not the notes, the kind."
Born Norman Baker on January 4, 1918, in Springfield, Missouri, Buddy studied music at Southwest Baptist University, where he earned his doctorate. He began his career in the late 1930s, playing trumpet with such bandleaders as Harry James, Kay Kyser, and Stan Kenton, and composed music for television programs including The Jack Benny Show.
In 1954, Disney staff composer George Bruns brought him on board to help with the Davy Crockett series. From there, Buddy went on to score more than 50 films, including Toby TylerThe Gnome-Mobile, and The Fox and the Hound. He also scored such animated featurettes as the Oscar®-winning Donald in Mathmagic Land and the original three Winnie the Pooh films.
As the Studio ventured into television, Buddy contributed to such series as Walt Disney Presents and Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color. He then moved into the theme park arena, beginning with the 1964-65 New York World's Fair, scoring Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln and the Carousel of Progress. Buddy later wrote "Grim Grinning Ghosts" with fellow Legend X Atencio for the Haunted Mansion.
As musical director for Epcot Center, Buddy supervised and composed music for the Future World pavilions and World Showcase. Among the attractions he scored were Universe of Energy, the American Adventure, and Impressions de France, for which he wove a tapestry of original music and classical works by French composers such as Debussy, Ravel, and Satie. The digital score, which was recorded in London, featured Buddy conducting a 100-piece philharmonic orchestra.
In 1983, Buddy retired as the last staff composer at a major Hollywood studio. He went on to direct the University of Southern California film scoring program, widely considered the best in the nation. Buddy even continued to score Disney theme park attractions, including Innoventions at Disneyland, The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh attraction at Walt Disney World, and Sindbad's Seven Voyages for Tokyo DisneySea.
Buddy Baker passed away on July 26, 2002 in Sherman Oaks, California.
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George Bruns (1914–1983), Music (2001)
George Bruns burst onto Disney's musical scene in 1953 when he was personally hired by Walt Disney to score the animated feature Sleeping Beauty. At the same time, Walt asked the newly-hired composer and conductor to "make up a little something" for a three-part television series that was later edited into the hit feature Davy Crockett: King of the Wild Frontier.
Soon, George's catchy "The Ballad of Davy Crockett" was on the lips of young and old alike. The down-home ditty soared to the top of the Hit Parade for six months and sold more than eight million records; meanwhile, the music he developed for Sleeping Beauty received an Academy Award® nomination. It was the first of three he received during his 22-year career with The Walt Disney Studios.
Born in Sandy, Oregon, on July 3, 1914, George began piano lessons at six. He mastered the tuba and trombone by high school, and later added another 12 instruments to his mind-boggling repertoire. In 1934, he cut short his engineering education at Oregon State to play with popular bands of the day, including Jack Teagarden's, and later worked as a musical director and conductor of live bands at radio stations in Portland, including KOIN and KEX.
George moved to Los Angeles, California, in 1950, where he began arranging and conducting for Capitol Records and UPA Studios. He also played with bands, including that of Tennessee Ernie Ford.
Three years later he landed at Disney, where he contributed to such hit films as The Absent-Minded ProfessorOne Hundred and One DalmatiansThe Jungle BookRobin HoodThe Love Bug, and more.
George received additional Oscar® nods for his work on Disney's first live-action musical Babes in Toyland, based on the Victor Herbert operetta, followed by the 1963 animated feature The Sword in the Stone.
Beginning in the 1950s, George also contributed to Disney's pioneering television series DisneylandMickey Mouse Club, and Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color, while his theme song for the popular Zorro series sold another one million records. In all, he contributed to more than 200 motion pictures, television shows, and more.
As legendary animators Frank Thomas and Ollie Johnston recalled in their book Disney Animation: The Illusion of Life, "George Bruns worked equally well in either medium, writing 'Davy Crockett' for the live TV show at the same time he was adapting Tchaikovsky's ballet score for Sleeping Beauty to our animated version of the classic fairy tale. George was big and easy-going, but he worked very hard and produced a seemingly endless string of fresh melodies and haunting scores."
In 1975, George retired from The Walt Disney Studios, returning to his Oregon hometown where he continued conducting and playing in bands, composing and arranging music, as well as teaching at nearby Lewis and Clark College.
George Bruns passed away on May 23, 1983, in Portland, Oregon.
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The Unofficial Imagineers
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Bill Walsh (1914–1975), Film & Television (1991)
Bill Walsh was one of Walt Disney's top film producers and writers. By 1973, Variety named seven of his feature productions on their list of all-time box office champions, including the Academy Award®-winning musical Mary Poppins, which he co-wrote with fellow Disney Legend Don DaGradi. As a producer, Bill specialized in comedy and fantasy films; as a screenwriter, he infused his genius into character dialogue.
Songwriters Richard and Robert Sherman described Bill in their book Walt's Time: From Before to Beyond, recalling, "Bill was one of the most gifted men ever to have worked for Disney—deft with language and humor!"
Born in New York City on September 30, 1914, Bill attended the University of Cincinnati on an athletic scholarship. There, he began to write for the stage; he later joined Barbara Stanwyck and Frank Fay's theater company, Tattle Tales, as a rewrite man, earning $12 a week.
In 1934 Bill headed for Hollywood, where he joined the Margaret Ettinger publicity office; there, he wrote press releases and sketched advertisements for everything from the famous Brown Derby Restaurant to Elizabeth Arden Face Cream. One of his clients, Edgar Bergen, invited Bill to write jokes and gags for his famed ventriloquist act. Bergen also happened to be a friend of Walt Disney's.
In 1943, Bill switched from writing gags for Bergen's dummies, Charlie McCarthy and Mortimer Snerd, to writing gags for Disney's Mickey Mouse comic strip. Then, in 1950, Walt asked Bill to write and produce the Studio's first television presentation, One Hour in Wonderland, which served as a promo for the upcoming animated film Alice in Wonderland.
Bill recalled:
"Walt called me in and said he'd decided to go into television and I was the guy who was going to do it. I looked stunned and said, 'But I don't know anything about television.' Walt smiled back at me and said, 'That's okay. Nobody does!'"
Disney's television debut was such a success that Bill went on to produce the popular Mickey Mouse Club and Davy Crockett television programs, among others.
In 1956, Bill switched to live-action features, going on to collaborate on 18 films either as writer, co-producer, or producer. Among them were Westward Ho the Wagons!Toby TylerThe Shaggy DogThe Absent-Minded ProfessorSon of FlubberThat Darn Cat!Lt. Robin Crusoe, U.S.N.Blackbeard's GhostThe Love Bug, and Bedknobs and Broomsticks.
After 32 years with Disney, and shortly after his return from filming One of Our Dinosaurs is Missing in London, Bill Walsh passed away on January 27, 1975, in Los Angeles.
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James Algar (1912–1998), Animation & Film (1998)
Director, writer, producer, and narrator James "Jim" Algar loved the action and adventure associated with creating Disney's nature pictures. While directing the True-Life Adventure The African Lion in 1955, he lived among the lions of Kenya; while producing the feature Ten Who Dared in 1960, he challenged the raging whitewater rapids of the Colorado River.
Among the many hats he wore, however, the most important was that of storyteller. Jim penned five Academy Award®-winning motion pictures for Disney, including Nature's Half AcreThe Living Desert, and The Vanishing Prairie. As former vice chairman of The Walt Disney Company Roy E. Disney once recalled:
"Jim was a great storyteller, who made invaluable contributions to our animated classics, theme parks, and, especially, our nature films. He added tremendously to the Studio's reputation for superior storytelling."
Born June 11, 1912, in Modesto, California, Jim attended Stanford University. There, he served as editor of the campus humor magazine, The Chaparral. He frequently drew cartoons for the magazine and soon developed an interest in animation. In 1934, after receiving his master's degree in journalism, he joined The Walt Disney Studios as an animator on Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs.
Walt Disney noted Jim's talents and tapped the artist to direct the Mickey Mouse short The Sorcerer's Apprentice, which became the foundation of the 1940 animated classic Fantasia. Jim then went on to direct sequences in Bambi, as well as several wartime films produced by the Studio for the United States Armed Forces, including Victory Through Air Power. In 1949, he directed The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad.
After the war, when Walt decided to produce live-action films about animals and nature, he asked Jim to direct the first True-Life Adventure. The film, Seal Island," won an Academy Award in 1948. Other Oscar®-winning films he contributed to include Beaver ValleyBear CountryWhite WildernessThe Alaskan Eskimo, and Grand Canyon.
Jim also worked on 26 one-hour episodes for The Wonderful World of Disney television series, producing 14 episodes and narrating several, including Wild Geese Calling. He also contributed to such memorable feature films as The Legend of LoboThe Incredible Journey, and Rascal.
Among his many theme park contributions, Jim wrote and produced Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln for the 1964-65 New York World's Fair and, later, Disneyland. He also wrote and produced several of the CircleVision 360 productions, including "America the Beautiful," as well as The Hall of Presidents attraction at Walt Disney World.
After 43 years with The Walt Disney Studios, Jim retired on October 31, 1977. He passed away on February 26, 1998, in Carmel, California.
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The Renaissance Imagineer
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John Hench (1908–2004), Animation & Imagineering (1990)
John Hench was Disney's Renaissance artist. Imagineer, philosopher, animator, designer, storyteller, voracious reader (52 magazines a month!), and teacher, John was always quick to share the lessons he learned from his own mentor—Walt Disney.
He recalled one of those lessons: "Walt always said, 'You get down to Disneyland at least twice a month and you walk in the front entrance, don't walk in through the back. Eat with the people. Watch how they react to the work you've done down there.' This made an enormous difference in how we approached our work."
As senior vice president of Walt Disney Imagineering, John carried on Walt's ideals and standards. Sandy Huskins, his assistant and confidante for more than 25 years, once said:
"Sometimes John says, 'Tomorrow, we're going to the Park,' and we'll go down, stand in line, and pretend we're guests. I always come back with a full load of notes."
Born in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, in 1908, John attended the Art Students League in New York City and received a scholarship to Otis Art Institute in Los Angeles. He also attended the California School of Fine Arts in San Francisco and Chouinard Art Institute in Los Angeles.
In 1939, he joined Disney as a sketch artist in the story department, working first on Fantasia. Always eager to learn, John accepted a variety of tasks over the years, including painting backgrounds on Dumbo and creating layouts for The Three Caballeros. His other film credits include art supervision on Make Mine Music, cartoon art treatments for So Dear To My Heart, color and styling for Peter Pan, and animation effects for The Living Desert.
In 1954, his special effects work on 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea earned John an Oscar®. That same year, he left the Studio to work at what is today known as Walt Disney Imagineering. His first assignment was to design attractions for the original Tomorrowland in Disneyland.
Later, in 1960, John worked closely with Walt in developing the pageantry for the opening and closing ceremonies and daily presentations for the VIII Winter Olympic Games at Squaw Valley, as well as designing the iconic Olympic Torch. John worked on attractions for the 1964-65 New York World's Fair, before going on to help master plan Walt Disney World and Tokyo Disneyland. He was a key figure in the conceptualization and creation of Epcot Center, and developed ideas for theme parks including Disney's California Adventure, Animal Kingdom, and Tokyo DisneySea.
John was also Mickey Mouse's official corporate portrait artist, having painted Mickey's portrait for his 25th (1953), 50th (1978), 60th (1988), 70th (1998), and 75th (2003) birthdays.
In 2004, John celebrated his 65th year with the company. He passed away on February 5, 2004, in Burbank, still working full-time for Disney at age 95.
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TELEVISION.
In the late 1940s and early 1950s, many motion-picture producers looked on broadcast television as a new threat that would lure audiences away from theaters. Walt, instead, embraced the new medium. He and Roy arranged a deal with ABC: the network would invest in Disneyland, and Walt would produce for them a weekly series, also titled Disneyland. The series premiered in October 1954, with Walt himself as the weekly host. Like its namesake, the Disneyland series revolved around four themes: programs associated with Adventureland highlighted the True-Life Adventures; programs from Fantasyland featured new and classic Disney animation; Tomorrowland presented a series of award-winning programs on man's exploration of space; Frontierland produced one of Walt's major successes of the 1950s—three episodes of the adventures of frontiersman Davy Crockett, starring Fess Parker in the title role. So successful were these programs that they sparked a nationwide Davy Crockett craze. Walt produced two more Davy Crockett episodes for the television series; later, all these episodes were reedited into two feature-length Crockett films and released in theaters.
This was possible partly because, even though the television standard of the time was black-and-white, Walt had the foresight to produce these and other episodes in color.
In 1955 Walt launched another successful television series: the weekday children's program the Mickey Mouse Club. In this program a cast of youngsters, the Mouseketeers, entertained a nationwide audience their own age with songs, newsreels, serials, and Disney cartoons. The Mickey Mouse Club attracted a fanatical following and enjoyed a long run.
More TV triumphs followed, including another series, Zorro, starring Guy Williams, which premiered in 1957. Disneyland continued its successful run, retitled Walt Disney Presents in 1959 and Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color in 1961.
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Fess Parker (1924–2010), Film & Television (1991)
In the mid-1950s, when Fess Parker first donned a coonskin cap to play the historical character Davy Crockett for a three-part Walt Disney television show, little did he know he was about to become a hero to baby boomers across the nation.
More than 40 years later, in 1997, Fess described the profound influence his popular character had on young viewers.
"Folks tell me over and over how much that character shaped their lives," he said. "I have to believe that the impact of those programs was due as much to the values inculcated in them as to their entertainment quality."
Fess was catapulted to fame almost overnight after "Davy Crockett Indian Fighter," "Davy Crockett Goes to Congress," and "Davy Crockett at the Alamo" debuted on the Disneyland television series, beginning in 1954. Even the ditty he recorded for Disney and RCA records, "The Ballad of Davy Crockett," was on the lips of every child in America at that time, winning the actor a gold record. And when Disneyland opened in 1955, Fess's personal appearance on horseback, in character as Davy Crockett, proved to be a huge crowd pleaser.
Born in Fort Worth, Texas, on August 18, 1924, Fess grew up on a farm in San Angelo, Texas. Named after his father ("Fess" means "proud" in Old English), he studied law and business administration before graduating from the University of Texas in 1950. He then moved to Los Angeles to pursue an acting career, studying drama at the University of Southern California. Shortly thereafter, he made his film debut in Untamed Frontier, starring Shelley Winters.
In 1954, Walt Disney spotted the actor in a film called Them! and quickly signed Fess to a studio contract. He went on to star in such Disney films as The Great Locomotive ChaseOld Yeller, and The Light in the Forest. He also starred in two additional Davy Crockett television shows, "Davy Crockett's Keelboat Race" and "Davy Crockett and the River Pirates." Much later, in 1978, Fess appeared in NBC Salutes the 25th Anniversary of the Wonderful World of Disney.
After leaving Disney, Fess donned his coonskin cap once again to play Daniel Boone. For six years, beginning in 1964, he starred in the popular television series of the same name and directed five of its most popular episodes.
Later, he went on to become a successful businessman and real estate developer. Fess founded the Fess Parker Family Winery and Vineyards in Los Olivos, California, where he could often be found signing his autograph for wine and Disney lovers alike.
Fess Parker passed away on March 18, 2010, at his home near Santa Barbara, California.
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Guy Williams (1924–1989), Television (2011)
"Out of the night… when the full moon is bright…" If you were a child in the 1950s, you immediately recognize those dramatic opening words to the theme song of a certain television hero of the time—"a horseman known as Zorro." And of all the famous film Zorros, the memorable standout was Guy Williams.
Born Armando Catalano in New York City on January 14, 1924, Guy attended grade school in New York and received his advanced education at Peekskill Military Academy with the intention of entering West Point. Fate intervened in 1952 when a Hollywood agent saw him walking down Fifth Avenue. He took a screen test and began to find regular acting work in New York's Neighborhood Playhouse and on television productions like Studio One. The screen test eventually led him to a one-year contract at Universal Studio—and a new name.
At that time in Hollywood, actors with foreign-sounding names were quickly typecast. In coming up with a stage name, he once laughingly recalled, "'Guy Williams' was about as non-specific as I could imagine!"
Not finding his big break despite a few early movie roles, he returned to New York to continue acting and occasional modeling. In 1957, he decided to try Hollywood again; this time he appeared as the policeman who guns down Michael Landon in I Was a Teenage Werewolf.
Meanwhile, Walt Disney had scored major successes on the fledgling ABC television network with Disneyland, the Mickey Mouse Club, and a five-part western adventure, Davy Crockett. Walt acquired the rights to the Zorro stories, a fictional character created in 1919 by pulp writer Johnston McCulley, and began searching for his star. Enter Guy Williams, who not only physically looked the part, but was also an experienced horseman and skilled swordsman. Norman Foster, director of many of the Zorro episodes, said he was amazed "the other Hollywood studios failed to get him before we did!"
With Guy on board, Walt built an expensive replica of a Spanish pueblo on the backlot of his studio in Burbank and filming began. Zorro debuted on ABC on October 10, 1957, eventually running for 78 episodes over two seasons. The series was an instant hit, and kids from coast to coast soon drove parents and teachers crazy by scratching Zorro's traditional "Z" on sidewalks, book covers, and even their clothing. As part of Guy's contract, he also began delighting camera-toting tourists when he made occasional guest appearances in character in Frontierland at Disneyland.
The series ended in 1959 and Walt moved his anthology show to NBC, but Guy stayed with Disney in four one-hour Zorro special episodes and starred in a three-part television movie of the classic Mark Twain story The Prince and the Pauper. In 1965 Guy donned a silver spacesuit, starring as professor John Robinson in three seasons of the CBS series Lost in Space.
By 1973, Zorro was in syndication worldwide, with one very important fan—the wife of Argentine president Juan Peron. Guy was convinced to appear at a charity show in Buenos Aires, and he fell in love with the country's large ranches and leisurely way of life. He built residences there and in California, and passed away on May 6, 1989, in Buenos Aires.
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The Cast and Crew of From All of Us to All of You
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1989: Les Clark*
1990: John Hench†
1992: Jack Hannah†
1994: Paul J. Smith*
1999: Yale Gracey*
2000: Cliff Edwards*
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Jack Hannah (1913–1994), Animation (1992)
Jack Hannah directed some of the most outrageous animated shorts ever produced by The Walt Disney Studios. Among them were 65 Donald Duck shorts, which have been praised as the funniest of Disney's animated duck tales. Jack's work was honored on numerous occasions by the Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences; eight of the cartoons he directed were nominated for Oscars®, including Tea for Two HundredToy Tinkers, and No Hunting. Not bad for a guy, who, as Jack said, was hired by Disney on "a two-week tryout that lasted 30 years."
Born January 15, 1913, in Nogales, Arizona, Jack migrated to Los Angeles in 1931 to study at the Art Guild Academy. Among his first jobs was designing movie posters for Hollywood theaters.
Then, in 1933, during the Depression, Jack decided to leave his portfolio with The Walt Disney Studios. He was soon hired as an in-between and clean-up artist, working on Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck, and Silly Symphony cartoons.
Jack received his first animation credit for Gulliver Mickey and, later, served as a key animator on the Academy Award®-winning short The Old Mill. In 1937, he first lent his wild imagination to Donald Duck as an animator on Modern Inventions, and, from then on, devoted much of his work to Disney's duck star.
In 1939, Jack moved from animation to the story department, where he wrote and illustrated tales featuring his feisty, feathered friend. At one point, he even teamed up with Donald Duck comic book artist and fellow Disney Legend Carl Barks to create 27 of Disney's most classic duck shorts. Among Jack's story credits are Donald Gets DraftedDonald's Vacation, and Trombone Trouble.
He became a director in 1943, introducing the troublesome chipmunks, Chip and Dale, and other antagonists to Donald shorts. He was also instrumental in bringing Disney's duck to television, directing 14 hour-long television shows. Many of these featured Walt Disney talking at his desk with Donald. Jack's television credits include A Day in the Life of Donald DuckAt Home with Donald Duck, and Two Happy Amigos.
Jack retired from the Studio in 1959 to pursue his love for oil painting. His landscapes were exhibited in major art galleries throughout the West; he also had a yen for nurturing new talent and taught many painting classes.
Then, in 1975, he was asked by the Studio to develop and direct the School of Character Animation at the California Institute of the Arts (CalArts), which Walt Disney helped found. He served at CalArts for eight years.
Jack Hannah passed away on June 11, 1994, in Burbank, California.
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Paul J. Smith (1906–1985), Music (1994)
When composer Paul Smith arrived at The Walt Disney Studios in 1934, he was "fresh out of university and full of musical ideas," according to animators Frank Thomas and Ollie Johnston in their book Disney Animation: The Illusion of Life.
The musical genius, who wrote scores for nearly 70 animated shorts and received an Oscar® with Leigh Harline and Ned Washington for the music in Pinocchio, later wrote background music for nearly every Disney True-Life Adventure, applying techniques he had learned while writing music for cartoons. As Thomas and Johnston recalled, "Paul's adaptation of cartoon techniques in the scores for the True-Life Adventures added immeasurably to that series of live-action films."
Born to a musical family in Calumet, Michigan, on October 30, 1906, Paul was raised in Caldwell, Idaho, where his father taught music at the College of Idaho.
Paul's father, Joseph, began teaching his prodigy son to play a variety of musical instruments beginning with the piano at age four, followed by the violin at age seven.
The youngster also played the trumpet and viola, and, by age 12, played the bass drum for the town band. Gifted with perfect pitch, Paul's experience helped him gain a more practical knowledge of the orchestra and he went on to conduct in high school.
In 1925, Paul enrolled in the Bush Conservatory of Music in Chicago, where he received the Juilliard Scholarship in theory. After graduation, he went on to teach brass instruments at Elmhurst College and at York High School for two years. In 1932, he moved to Los Angeles to attend UCLA, where he majored in English and wrote four musical comedies.
From UCLA, he joined The Walt Disney Studios as a pioneer in motion picture music. Versatile, prolific, and, like Walt, always bent towards exploration, Paul readily pushed the envelope in musical composition. As a result, he won eight Oscar nominations for such classic films as Snow White and the Seven DwarfsCinderellaSong of the SouthSaludos Amigos, and The Three Caballeros.
During the 1950s, he wrote symphonic scores for most of the critically acclaimed True-Life Adventures films, including Beaver ValleyNature's Half AcreThe Olympic ElkThe Living DesertThe Vanishing PrairieThe African LionSecrets of Life, and Perri. He also recorded an album called True-Life Adventures, which was a compilation of his scores.
After three successful decades with The Walt Disney Studios, Paul retired in 1962. He passed away on January 25, 1985, in Glendale, California.
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MOTION PICTURES.
Meanwhile, Walt's motion-picture enterprise, the backbone of his company, grew stronger than ever. Walt greatly expanded his program of live-action production in the mid-1950s, with further adventure yarns as well as warm family dramas like Old YellerToby Tyler, and Pollyanna, and some unclassifiable gems such as the charming Irish fantasy Darby O'Gill and the Little People. He also launched a series of live-action comedies, including The Shaggy Dog and The Absent-Minded Professor, filled with sight gags and usually starring Fred MacMurray, and That Darn Cat, starring Dean Jones.
And Walt's animation division, the foundation of all his success, remained the world's premier animation studio and continued its celebrated output. After years of delays, Sleeping Beauty finally appeared in 1959, distinguished by a highly stylized design scheme and a musical score adapted from Tchaikovsky. More features followed: One Hundred and One Dalmatians, with its experimental visual style, and The Sword in the Stone.
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Dean Jones (1931–2015), Film (1995)
When Dean Jones began his motion picture career in 1956, he was just biding his time until he got his real break. The former crooner-turned-actor once recalled, "I wish I could say I had this master plan for a career, but I always thought acting was something I'd just do until I had a hit record.
While Dean's hit record proved elusive, he scored a number of hit movies while under contract with The Walt Disney Studios. By 1975, Variety named six of his Disney features on its list of all-time box office champions, including The Love BugThat Darn CatSnowball ExpressThe Ugly DachshundThe $1,000,000 Duck, and Blackbeard's Ghost.
Dean's clean-cut appeal and good-natured hijinks made his name synonymous with Disney motion pictures. As former president of Walt Disney Pictures David Vogel once said, "When you think of Disney, you think of Dean Jones."
Born on January 25, 1931, in Decatur, Alabama, Dean liked to fish in the nearby Tennessee River and sing; his father, a railroad worker, would accompany him on the guitar. At 15 he left home to pursue a singing career, picking up odd jobs as a coal loader, cotton picker, and dishwasher. He began singing in a New Orleans club that paid three dollars a night, plus dinner. After four months the club folded, and Dean beat a path back to Decatur to complete his high school education.
A year of voice study at Kentucky's Asbury College was followed by a four-year hitch with the United States Navy, which took Dean to San Diego, California. Whenever he had a day off, Dean headed to Hollywood to audition for orchestras; he eventually won a screen test and contract with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Instead of singing for the cameras, however, he starred in mostly straight, dramatic roles. Among his early films were Vincente Minnelli's Tea and SympathyTorpedo Run with Glenn Ford, and Jailhouse Rock with Elvis Presley.
In 1960, Dean found fame in Broadway's Under the Yum Yum Tree. While starring in television's Ensign O'Toole, he was tapped by Walt Disney to become the Studio's leading man, appearing in such films as The Horse in the Gray Flannel SuitThe Shaggy D.A., and Herbie Goes to Monte Carlo. He returned to the Broadway stage in 1970, appearing in Steven Sondheim's Company.
Dean later appeared in a number of Disney television specials, including Disney's Greatest Dog Stars in 1976. He starred in the first of a number of Disney remakes—The Computer Wore Tennis Shoes in 1995; and, in 1997, That Darn Cat and the ABC television movie The Love Bug.
Dean passed away on Tuesday, September 1, 2015 at the age of 84.
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Hayley Mills, Film (1998)
Walt Disney once called actress Hayley Mills "the greatest movie find in 25 years." Indeed, her unaffected and naturally expressive acting style made her an instant favorite among audiences when she made her American film debut in Disney's Pollyanna, for which she earned a special Oscar® in 1960. Among her numerous Disney credits, however, Hayley is probably best remembered for The Parent Trap, in which she played twin sisters who scheme to reunite their divorced parents, played by Brian Keith and Maureen O'Hara.
The daughter of famed British actor Sir John Mills and playwright and author Mary Hayley Bell, she once recalled her first meeting with Walt Disney, who at the time was seeking the perfect youngster to star as Pollyanna. Said Hayley, "I went to Walt's suite at the Dorchester Hotel, in London, along with my parents, my younger brother and our Pekingese, Suki. Walt laughed a lot as he spoke, in rather a shy way, which I found very endearing. I think that's what made me warm to him. That, and the fact that he liked childish things—I remember he and I were crawling around the floor after Suki, who was eating potato crisps off of the carpet."
Born on April 18, 1946, in London, England, Hayley made an auspicious screen debut at 13, portraying a frightened little witness alongside her father in Tiger Bay.
Her able performance caught Walt Disney's attention, and he signed her to a five-year contract in 1960. Among her Disney credits are In Search of the Castaways, starring Maurice Chevalier; Summer Magic, with Burl Ives; The Moon-Spinners, with Eli Wallach; and That Darn Cat, starring Dean Jones.
Hayley also released a Buena Vista record album, Let's Get Together, named after the hit song she performed in The Parent Trap. As songwriter Richard Sherman recalled, "'Let's Get Together' was just a scene in The Parent Trap, but kids were going into the movie house with little tape recorders and taping it!" The recording was re-released in 1997 as part of Walt Disney Records' Archive Collection.
Beginning in 1967, Hayley moved on to star in such non-Disney films as The Trouble With AngelsEndless Night, and Deadly Strangers. She returned to the Disney fold in 1981, hosting the television special Disney Animation: The Illusion of Life, as well as acting in three Parent Trap sequels and the series Good Morning, Miss Bliss for The Disney Channel. She also appeared in the Disney Channel Premiere Film Back Home in 1990.
In 1997, Hayley Mills made her America stage debut as the prim governess Mrs. Anna in Rodgers and Hammerstein's The King and I, which she performed in theaters across the country. She has made a number of stage appearances in Britain and America, and has been repeatedly featured in British television productions.
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Picture Perfect: The Making of Sleeping Beauty
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1989: Ub Iwerks*, Les Clark*, Marc Davis†, Ollie Johnston†, Milt Kahl*, Eric Larson*, John Lounsbery*, Wolfgang "Woolie" Reitherman*, Frank Thomas†.
1991: Ken Anderson†, Don DaGradi*
1992: Winston Hibler*
1993: Pinto Colvig*, Blaine Gibson†
1996: Bill Peet†
1999: Mary Costa
2001: George Bruns*
2006: Al Dempster*
2008: Walt Peregoy†
2015: Eyvind Earle*
2017: Clyde Geronimi*
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1998: Roy E. Disney†
(special commendation): Bob Thomas†
2004: Alice Davis†
2007: Floyd Norman
2008: Burny Mattinson†
2013: Tony Baxter
2015: Andreas Deja
"A long time ago, in a faraway kingdom, there lived a storyteller. He used his experience as a teller of fairy tales, combined with his love of new technology, to tell a classic story of the triumph of good over evil, with memorable characters, told with stunning art and animation; a classic film that has been beloved by generations. Join the celebration, as we explore the magic behind-the-scenes story of Walt Disney's dazzling masterpiece: Sleeping Beauty."
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Once Upon a Dream: The Making of Walt Disney's 'Sleeping Beauty'
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Leonard Maltin — Film Historian
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"Disney began the ambitious plans for his third feature-length animated fairy tale in the early 1950s. Walt assigned a small team to begin adapting the classic fairy tale to the style of a Disney feature."
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Ollie Johnston — Directing Animator
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"This early work resulted in a completed storyboard presentation in June of 1952. Walt concluded, however, that this story approach was too similar to past Disney efforts. If the Disney staff returned to the fairy tale, they could not simply duplicate Snow White or Cinderella."
"This fresh approach to Sleeping Beauty would push the boundaries of animation, with its distinctive and exquisite art."
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Eyvind Earle — Production Designer/Color Stylist
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Eyvind Earle (1916–2000), Animation (2015)
In animation art circles, the work of artist, illustrator, and author Eyvind Earle is renowned, revered, and still influential today. That this remarkable and diverse talent came to call The Walt Disney Studios home for nearly a decade of his career is a testament to his talent—and to the artistic vision of Walt Disney himself.
Born on April 26, 1916, in New York City, Eyvind moved with his family to California two years later. His father, Ferdinand P. Earle, was, in Eyvind's words, " …an artist, a writer, a poet, played the violin, produced and directed a motion picture… just to mention a few of his activities." His mother, Charlotte, was a concert pianist.
At age 10, Eyvind's father challenged his son to either read 50 pages of a book or paint a picture every day—he did both. By age 14, he had already had his art exhibited in France, and in 1937 he had his first show in New York City. Subsequent exhibitions sold out, with one piece going into the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
He began designing Christmas cards in 1938, a sideline he would continue through most of his life. More than 800 card designs were created for the American Artist Group alone.
"As of 1985, I estimate that American Artist Group has sold well over 300 million of my cards," Eyvind once said.
He came to the Disney studio in 1951, working on background artwork for Peter Pan. He also painted the illustrations for Walt Disney's Peter Pan and Wendy, the Little Golden Book adaptation of the film. He continued to develop his style in memorable shorts, including For Whom the Bulls ToilWorking for PeanutsPigs is Pigs, and Grand Canyonscope. He contributed to 1953's Toot, Whistle, Plunk and Boom, which won an Academy Award®. As Disney shorts became more experimental, Eyvind provided backgrounds and color styling to Jack and Old MacThe Truth About Mother Goose, and Paul Bunyan.
But the pinnacle of his work for Disney was the landmark 1959 feature film Sleeping Beauty, for which he was responsible for the overall production design, including styling, background, and color.
"There are clear influences from the Renaissance in his work," said film writer Justine Smith, "and his backgrounds owe much to those of Leonardo Da Vinci and Raphael.
He utilizes color to emphasize the sheer breadth of his worlds, shedding the far off backgrounds in green-bluish tones, a technique that Da Vinci used extensively."
In 1958, Eyvind appeared with his colleagues Walt Peregoy, Marc Davis, and Joshua Meador in the short film 4 Artists Paint 1 Tree, aired as part of the Disneyland TV episode "An Adventure in Art," which became a staple in art classrooms for decades.
He returned to full-time painting in 1966, producing watercolors, oils, sculptures, drawings, and scratchboards. Always a very personal artist, much of his work from this era was not seen or exhibited in his lifetime.
In 1987, Sleeping Beauty Castle (La Chateau de la Belle au Bois Dormant) and its surroundings for Disneyland Paris were created based on Eyvind's film designs. His former colleague Frank Armitage even created a concept painting in the distinctive Eyvind Earle style of the film.
At the same time, Eyvind was inspiring a new generation at Walt Disney Animation. Co-director Eric Goldberg recalls, "Mike Giaimo and Mike Gabriel and I were highly influenced by Eyvind Earle in designing Pocahontas."
So, late in his life and career, Eyvind enjoyed a renaissance of acclaim. He was praised by such publications as Time, The Los Angeles Times, The New York Times, and The Art News. In 1998, Eyvind was honored at the 26th Annie Awards with the Winsor McCay Award for lifetime achievement in the field. He passed away in 2000, but his work continues to grace galleries around the world. Museums have purchased his works, and his paintings have been shown in several one-man exhibitions worldwide.
"For 70 years, I've painted paintings," Eyvind once said, "and I'm constantly and everlastingly overwhelmed at the stupendous infinity of nature. Wherever I turn and look, there I see creation. Art is creating… Art is the search for truth."
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"Eyvind Earle's unique and modern graphic style perfectly realized Walt's desire to create what he called a 'moving illustration'."
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Ken Anderson — Production Designer
Frank Armitage — Background Artist
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"Walt's team of experienced animators faced a particular challenge: Making their characters live believably within this highly stylized world."
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Marc Davis — Directing Animator
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"The climactic battle between Prince Phillip and the dragon was also intricately choreographed in live action, for use as a reference by the animators. It is shown here for the first time, in footage reconstructed from the only surviving still photos of the live action."
"Marc Davis commanded the forces of both good and evil in Sleeping Beauty. He also supervised the design and animation of the cruel and elegant Maleficent."
"To give Maleficent a powerful voice to match her evil character, Walt Disney personally suggested actress Eleanor Audley, who had brought Cinderella's wicked stepmother Lady Tremaine to chilling vocal life."
"Veteran animators Frank Thomas and Ollie Johnston were given a happy task of bringing three good fairies to life."
"During the production of Sleeping Beauty, voice recordings and live action reference films were made by many of Hollywood's best known character actresses, including Spring Byington, Madge Blake, and even Mayberry's Aunt Bee, Frances Bavier. As animation progressed, another gift was being given to the production of Sleeping Beauty."
"Bringing much of this music to life was a lovely young singer, whose performance as both the singing and speaking voice of Sleeping Beauty was the beginning of her career as a star of the international opera stage."
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Mary Costa — Voice of "Sleeping Beauty"
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"Because of its strong reliance on classical music, Sleeping Beauty was recorded in state-of-the-art stereophonic sound. Similarly, its magnificent art and epic scope led to the decision to film Sleeping Beauty in the widescreen 70mm format."
"All of these special processes and meticulous attention to detail had a cost, not just in money, but in the time it took to produce Sleeping Beauty. In addition to the complexity of Sleeping Beauty's production, Walt Disney and his staff were stretched thin, hard at work on Disneyland, three television series, and numerous live action films."
"Sleeping Beauty premiered in the era of epic movies like Ben-Hur. But as was the case with many other epics, Sleeping Beauty was a gamble. Since it first opened however, Sleeping Beauty has become one of the most financially successful films released in 1959, second only to Ben-Hur, and Sleeping Beauty has influenced a whole new generation of young people, who have become the leaders of today's Walt Disney Feature Animation."
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Eric Goldberg — Co-Director, "Pocahontas"
Michael Giaimo — Art Director, "Pocahontas"
Mike Gabriel — Co-Director, "Pocahontas"
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BEHIND THE SCENES.
While all these events were taking place in Walt's public life, his family was growing. Diane had married in 1954, and Sharon five years later. By now, Walt and Lilly had two sons-in-law, and eventually became proud grandparents of seven. The family enjoyed occasional relaxation time at a vacation home Walt had built at Smoke Tree Ranch in Palm Springs, California.
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FURTHER EXPLORATIONS.
Meanwhile, Walt continued to explore new horizons. After staging the opening ceremonies for the 1960 Winter Olympics at Squaw Valley—an ambitious undertaking in itself—he took on an even greater challenge: four major Disney attractions for the 1964 New York World's Fair. These attractions were developed at WED by the same Imagineers who had planned Disneyland. The four attractions were: the Illinois Pavilion, featuring a life-size, lifelike Abraham Lincoln in Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln; the Pepsi-Cola Pavilion, which introduced It's a Small World; the Ford Pavilion, with a panoramic view of history along the Ford Magic Skyway; and the General Electric Pavilion, highlighting the benefits of electricity in the GE Carousel of Progress.
All these attractions benefited from a sophisticated new WED technology called Audio-Animatronics, in which figures were controlled not mechanically but electronically, their movements programmed as a series of signals on magnetic tape. At the end of the fair, most of these attractions were shipped back to California and reassembled at Disneyland.
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THE FLORIDA PROJECT.
Following the World's Fair, Walt and Roy began to plan a permanent new Disney park on the East Coast. Settling on a site in Florida, they laid the plans for what would become Walt Disney World in Orlando. The new park would duplicate some of the attractions of Disneyland, but Walt was far more interested in new ideas. At the heart of his vision was the Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow, or EPCOT. Walt visualized this as both an experimental laboratory and an actual working community, in which temporary residents could experience the latest ideas in electronics, utilities, and transportation in their everyday lives. He believed that this might have an impact on the quality of life throughout the rest of the country and the world.
Walt Disney World was eventually completed after Walt's death, and it did feature a component called Epcot—but Walt's original vision was never realized.
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MARY POPPINS.
One of the last important projects of Walt's life was a motion picture produced on a grand scale. For Mary Poppins, Walt utilized all the resources of his studio: live action, animation, music, and cutting-edge special effects.
The resulting film was wildly successful. Julie Andrews, making her film debut, inhabited a magical screen world that could only have been created at the Disney studio. Mary Poppins won five Academy Awards® including one for Julie Andrews as Best Actress—and was nominated for many others, including Best Picture.
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Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious: The Making of Mary Poppins
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1989: Ollie Johnston†, Milt Kahl*, Ward Kimball†, Eric Larson*, John Lounsbery*, Frank Thomas†.
1990: Richard M. Sherman, Robert B. Sherman†.
1991: Julie Andrews, Don DaGradi*, Bill Walsh*.
1993: Peter Ellenshaw†, Jimmy Macdonald*.
1996: X Atencio†, Bill Justice†.
1998: Glynis Johns†, Dick Van Dyke.
1999: Hamilton Luske*
2002: Robert Stevenson*, David Tomlinson*.
2004: Karen Dotrice, Matthew Garber*, Irwin Kostal*.
2006: Al Dempster*
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1993: Blaine Gibson†
2001: Bob Broughton†
2015: Andreas Deja
2022: Don Hahn
"That's her name. And here's the behind-the-scenes story of the making of Walt Disney's supercalifragilisticexpialidocious masterpiece...(Mary Poppins, practically perfect in every way.)"
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Mary Poppins: Practically Perfect in Every Way
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Dick Van Dyke — Co-star of "Mary Poppins"
Leonard Maltin — Film Historian
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"What many people don't realize is that Walt Disney's interest in Mary Poppins dated back to 1939. Mary Poppins had been published in 1934 and was wildly popular in England. Walt's brother Roy Disney began negotiations with the author P.L. Travers in 1944 while Travers was living in New York to escape the Nazi bombings of London. Many years went by, but the tenacious Mrs. Travers finally released the film rights to the equally determined Mr. Disney in 1961."
"Instead of giving the book to a screenwriter or animation director, Walt first called upon songwriters to look at Mary Poppins."
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Richard M. Sherman & Robert B. Sherman — Songwriters
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"The Sherman brothers set to work with story man Don DaGradi, who developed their story ideas through drawings."
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Don DaGradi (1911–1991), Animation & Film (1991)
Screenwriter Don DaGradi always called himself a "misplaced cartoonist" at heart. He began his career painting backgrounds for Disney animated films and, ultimately, went on to co-script such memorable films as the Academy Award® winning Mary Poppins. Yet it was Don's skill as an artist and his love of visual gags that enhanced the fun and fantasy of Disney's live-action films.
In their book, Walt's Time: From Before to Beyond, songwriters Richard and Robert Sherman described Don as "the sort of guy who wrote with a sketch pad and a charcoal pencil. He could visualize the sequences right there on paper and you could actually see them come to life.
"Almost everything you see [in Mary Poppins]—the entire "Jolly Holiday" sequence, people floating through the air and flying up the chimney—these visions were created by Don DaGradi. Our praise for Don is endless."
Born in 1911 to an Italian father and British mother in New York City, Don grew up in San Francisco, California. He later moved to Los Angeles to study painting at Chouinard Art Institute, and, like many of his fellow students, joined the Walt Disney Studio at the height of the Depression in the mid-1930s.
Before long, the multi-talented artist moved from painting backgrounds to the Story Department, where he wrote for Disney's animated shorts. He went on to serve as art director on such films as Dumbo, and to design layouts for The Three CaballerosMake Mine MusicFun and Fancy Free, and Melody Time. Don also developed color and styling for such Disney animated classics as The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. ToadCinderellaAlice in Wonderland, and Peter Pan, and later worked on story for Lady and the Tramp and production design for Sleeping Beauty.
In 1959, Don broke into live-action film production when Walt asked him to design the underground cavern sequences for Darby O'Gill and the Little People. He later developed story sketches for Kidnapped and served as sequence consultant on PollyannaThe Absent-Minded Professor, and The Parent Trap.
In 1962, he collaborated with fellow Disney Legend Bill Walsh on the live-action screenplay, Son of Flubber, followed by Mary Poppins. Their overwhelming success on that project led Don and Bill to write additional screenplays, including Lt. Robin Crusoe, U.S.N.Blackbeard's GhostScandalous JohnBedknobs and BroomsticksThe Love Bug, and more.
Amidst Don's many contributions to film, Walt also tapped his artistic genius to design costumes, including band uniforms, for Disneyland cast members, and exteriors for attractions including Mr. Toad's Wild Ride. After 34 years with the company, Don retired in 1970.
Don DaGradi passed away on August 4, 1991, in Friday Harbor, Washington.
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"In casting the pivotal role of the magical nanny, a bright young musical star caught Walt's eye."
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Julie Andrews, Film (1991)
Julie Andrews was "practically perfect in every way" as Mary Poppins. In her feature film debut, she bowled audiences over with her charm and sense of fun and, as a result, won an Oscar® for Best Actress of 1964.
As film critic Leonard Maltin wrote in his book The Disney Films, Julie captured "every nuance" of author P.L. Travers's iconic character. Judith Crist, of the New York Herald Tribune, blurred the distinction between character and actress, writing, "Although she [Mary] pokes her pretty fingers into a world of sticky sweetness, she almost invariably pulls out a plum. All speeches and cream, with a voice like polished crystal, she seems the very image of a prim young governess who might spend her free Tuesdays skittering off to Oz." Indeed, Julie was the very image of Mary Poppins and, to many Disney fans, she remains the magical nanny of their dreams.
Julie was born on October 1, 1935, in Walton-on-Thames, England.
During World War II, when schools were forced to close, she took singing lessons to keep busy and her unusual five-octave vocal range was discovered.
By age 12, Julie astounded an audience at the London Hippodrome when she performed a difficult operatic aria as part of the "Starlight Roof" revue. She went on to appear in a variety of shows including Cinderella at the London Palladium and The Boy Friend on Broadway, which led to her triumphant stage role as Eliza Doolittle in My Fair Lady.
Walt Disney first spotted Julie in the early 1960s when she was starring as Queen Guinevere in Camelot on Broadway. After seeing Julie perform, Walt made a beeline backstage to offer her the title role in his upcoming musical fantasy. Mary Poppins went on to garner 13 Academy Award® nominations and win five, including Best Original Score, Best Original Song, Best Film Editing, and Best Visual Effects. Julie's award for Best Actress in a Leading Role was the first competitive Oscar® ever won by an actor in a Disney film.
As one of Julie's most enthusiastic supporters, Walt allowed rival producer Martin Ransohoff to view her rushes for Mary Poppins; this lead to her next film role in The Americanization of Emily." She then appeared in one of Hollywood's top-grossing films of all time, The Sound of Music. Directed by Robert Wise, the now-classic musical brought Julie another Oscar nomination. Among her other screen credits are HawaiiThoroughly Modern Millie, and Victor/Victoria, for which she won yet another Oscar nomination in 1982. She reprised the famous role on Broadway in the mid-1990s.
With the new millennium, Julie renewed her relationship with Disney by starring in a pair of hit family films, 2001's The Princess Diaries and 2004's The Princess Diaries 2: Royal Engagement. She even portrayed another literary nanny, appearing in two Disney telefilms based on author Kay Thompson's "Eloise" books. Eloise at the Plaza and Eloise at Christmastime both premiered in 2003—and brought Julie an Emmy nomination.
To celebrate the 50th anniversary of Disneyland, Julie served as the Official Ambassador of the park's 18-month "Happiest Homecoming on Earth" festivities from 2005 until 2006. The next year, she provided narration for the Disney live-action fantasy Enchanted.
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"In a casting choice that many critics thought odd, Walt chose all-American Dick Van Dyke as Mary Poppins' cockney companion Bert."
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Dick Van Dyke, Film (1998)
One of Hollywood's most beloved stars is Dick Van Dyke, whom Disney fans best remember as Bert, the chimney sweep, in the Academy Award®-winning feature Mary Poppins. Many would agree with former Disney vice chairman Roy E. Disney, who once said, "Every time I see Mary Poppins, I'm amazed at how Dick's brilliant performance effortlessly ties this film together. After all, it is Dick who first welcomes us to number 17 Cherry Tree Lane. It is his chalk pavement picture that provides entry into one of the great fantasy sequences of all time. And, it is Dick who bids Mary Poppins goodbye at the end of the movie."
Born on December 13, 1925, in West Plains, Missouri, Dick was inspired to become an actor by the hilarious performances of Stan Laurel in the Laurel and Hardy comedies. Years later, after serving in the Air Force during World War II, he and a friend formed a pantomime act, "The Merry Mutes," and performed in nightclubs across the country. When he landed in Atlanta, Georgia, Dick broke into local television, which soon led to guest appearances on variety shows, such as those starring Ed Sullivan, Dinah Shore, and Jack Paar.
Even though he had never taken a singing or dancing lesson, he won his first Broadway role in 1959's The Boys Against the Girls, starring Bert Lahr. The following year, he landed the lead role in the musical comedy Bye Bye Birdie, for which he won a Tony Award®. He later repeated this successful stage role in the Hollywood film adaptation.
In 1961, Dick was cast as comedy writer Rob Petrie in the hit series The Dick Van Dyke Show, for which he won the Emmy Award® three consecutive years (1964-66). About this same time, Walt Disney approached him about playing Bert in Mary Poppins. After reading the script, however, Dick not only wanted to play Bert but also the fearsome chairman of the bank who eventually dies laughing.
He once recalled, "I saw the part of the old banker and thought, 'Oh, I'd love to be that character, too!'"
Dick went on to make Disney's Lt. Robin Crusoe, U.S.N. and Never A Dull Moment, co-starring Edward G. Robinson. He also played Ken in the Studio's hit television series, The Golden Girls, and D.A. Fletcher in its 1990 feature Dick Tracy, starring Warren Beatty. Dick has appeared in a number of television specials commemorating various aspects of the Disney legacy; these include 1981's Walt Disney: One Man's Dream, where Dick provided a sneak peek at the work then underway on Epcot Center.
Among his numerous non-Disney film credits are The Comic and Chitty Chitty Bang Bang. In 1993, Dick Van Dyke returned to television to star as Dr. Mark Sloan in the long-running television series Diagnosis Murder.
In 2001, Dick narrated a feature-length documentary about the life of Walt Disney, Walt: The Man Behind the Myth. Since 2000 he has performed in "The Vantastix," an a capella quartet that has made a number of public performances including Disney's own D23 Expo.
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"Child actors Karen Dotrice and Matthew Garber, who had starred in Disney's Three Lives of Thomasina, were cast as the Banks children, Jane and Michael."
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Karen Dotrice, Film & Television (2004)
With her blonde hair and blue eyes, Karen Dotrice lit up the screen in such Disney motion pictures as The Three Lives of Thomasina in 1963, Mary Poppins in 1964, and The Gnome-Mobile in 1967. And Walt Disney, or "Uncle Walt" as Karen knew him, appreciated her English roots.
She recalled, "I think Walt really liked English kids. He was tickled pink by the accent and the etiquette. And when I was being very English and polite, he would look proudly at this little charge who had such good manners."
Born in Guernsey, The Channel Islands, on November 9, 1955, to a family of prominent stage actors, Karen grew up knowing people of repute, including her godfather, multi-award-winning actor Charles Laughton. Laughton and Karen's father, Roy Dotrice, first brought the four-year-old to the stage to perform in the Royal Shakespeare Company's production of Bertolt Brecht's The Caucasian Chalk Circle.
While performing in that production, Karen was spotted by a Disney scout and, soon after, arrived at the Disney Studio in Burbank with her family in tow, minus her father who was portraying King Lear on the London stage at the time.
She recalled, "My dad was in England the whole time I was over here with my mother and sisters. I didn't have my Daddy figure around, so I called Walt, 'Uncle Walt.' He took me and my family under his wing, every weekend, flying us in his plane to Santa Barbara or to his home in Palm Springs."
Karen first appeared in The Three Lives of Thomasina; in his book The Disney Films, critic Leonard Maltin observed her performance as Mary MacDhui. He wrote, "Young Karen Dotrice won over everyone… " So much so, that she was cast as the juvenile lead Jane Banks in the Oscar®-winning Mary Poppins, followed by the role of Elizabeth in The Gnome-Mobile with Walter Brennan.
By 1968, she had returned to England and went on to appear in such features as Joseph Andrews in 1976 and The Thirty-Nine Steps in 1978, for which she received accolades for her lead performance as the English aristocratic love interest opposite Robert Powell. The performance won a nod from the Evening News British Film Awards as well, which named her best female newcomer.
She also played Lily in the popular English television series Upstairs, Downstairs in 1971. Other television appearances include the miniseries Napoleon and Love in 1974 and "She Fell Among Thieves" in 1978, which appeared on PBS's Mystery!
Karen returned to the United States in 1980, and four years later, after playing Desdemona in Othello on Broadway, she retired from acting to focus on motherhood. Karen appeared in the documentary Walt Disney: The Man Behind the Myth, which debuted September 16, 2001.
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Matthew Garber (1956–1977), Film (2004)
Actor Matthew Garber lives forever in Disney's classic live-action motion pictures The Three Lives of ThomasinaMary Poppins, and The Gnome-Mobile. Teamed with co-star, childhood friend, and Disney Legend Karen Dotrice in all three features, Matthew won the hearts of Disney audiences with his fresh, uninhibited, and infectious personality.
Matthew's unusual lack of inhibition in front of the camera quickly inspired Disney's publicity department at the time to coin him "the youngest method actor in movies." In fact, his unique quality as a non-performer is precisely what won the seven-year-old his first Disney starring role as Geordie in The Three Lives of Thomasina.
Matthew's premier screen test for The Gnome-Mobile revealed the "aha" moment for Disney Casting, which subsequently cinched their choice in talent.
An incident published in articles read, "He interrupted the scene by saying, 'Excuse me, I think one of my front teeth is falling out.' Trying to stifle a laugh, the director replied: 'Well, go ahead and pull it out.' Matthew did just that, while the camera continued to roll."
Born in England on March 25, 1956, to parents who had both performed on stage, Matthew attended St. Paul's Primary School and Highgate School, north of London. A Disney press release composed in 1967 painted a portrait of Matthew as a spirited and bright boy, who enjoyed pulling practical jokes on friends, competing in sports, and reading books rich with adventure, mythology, and even poetry.
As a friend of the Dotrice family, Karen's father, Shakespearian actor Roy Dotrice, called Matthew to the attention of Disney Casting, where his use of "artful dodges, like squinting, screwing up his nose, and brushing his hair back with one hand" opened the gate to the Studio lot.
Karen recalled working with Michael, "He was how he looked—an imp, and I loved being his shadow. I can't imagine making movies would have been half as much fun without him. He loved being naughty, finding and jumping off of small buildings on the back lot. While I was Victorian proper and wouldn't let myself get dirty or muddy, Matthew had a great sense of fun and danger. He was a daredevil and could have been a race car driver. And he did live a full life over his 21 years."
After Matthew's treasured contributions to Disney motion pictures, he returned to England, but little is known about him from that time forward.
Matthew passed away on June 13, 1977, at Royal Free Hospital in Hampstead, England, although his death was not commonly known until long after.
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"Film and stage star Glynis Johns was cast as the suffragette Mrs. Banks."
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Glynis Johns (1923–2024), Film (1998)
Best known to Disney fans as feminist Winifred Banks in the Academy Award®-winning Mary Poppins, actress Glynis Johns is everyone's favorite sister suffragette. Like many a moviegoer, Walt Disney loved her sparkling screen persona and personally asked Glynis to play the lively and witty role. His choice of casting was right on, as film critic Leonard Maltin pointed out in his book The Disney Films. "She lights up the screen the minute she appears [in Mary Poppins]," he wrote. "She makes every minute count, and her amusing suffragette song is most enjoyable."
Born to Welsh parents on October 5, 1923, in Pretoria, South Africa, Glynis made history when she received a degree to teach dance by age 10. By 12, she won 25 gold medals for dance in England and, by 13, appeared in her first film, South Riding. Her first adult role came in Michael Powell and Emeric Pressburger's 49th Parallel, released in America as The Invaders and starring Laurence Olivier, Leslie Howard, and Raymond Massey. By 19, she became the youngest actress to play the lead role in the theatrical production of Peter Pan.
She became associated with The Walt Disney Studios in the early 1950s, when it began to produce live-action films in England.
She starred as the capricious Mary Tudor in 1953's The Sword and the Rose, co-starring Richard Todd. As Helen Mary MacGregor in Rob Roy, the Highland Rogue, she played the spirited wife of a Scottish freedom fighter. A decade later, in 1964, she returned to Disney to star in Mary Poppins. The hit musical amassed 13 Academy Award nominations and garnered five Oscars®.
Glynis also starred in such television shows as General Electric TheatreThe Cavanaughs, as well as her own series, Glynis. Other programs included BatmanCheers, and Murder She Wrote, starring Angela Lansbury.
In 1960, Glynis won an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress for her role as Mrs. Firth in The Sundowners, starring Robert Mitchum. She received a Tony Award® in 1973 for her stunning stage performance as Desiree Armfeldt in Stephen Sondheim's A Little Night Music. In all, she has performed in more than two dozen theatrical productions and more than 50 feature films, including Oscar Wilde's An Ideal Husband starring Paulette Goddard, Dear Brigette with James Stewart, and The Secret Garden co-starring Derek Jacobi.
In 1994, Glynis returned to The Walt Disney Studios to co-star in the Touchstone comedy The Ref with Kevin Spacey. The next year she appeared in Hollywood Pictures' smash hit While You Were Sleeping, starring Sandra Bullock.
Glynis passed away on Thursday, January 4, 2024, in Los Angeles, California. She was 100 years old.
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"Prim British actor David Tomlinson joined Mary Poppins as Mr. Banks."
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David Tomlinson (1917–2000), Film (2002)
Noel Coward once described actor David Tomlinson as looking like a "very old baby." David himself said, "I may look like a disappointed spaniel, but by nature I am cheerful." "Cheer" is what David spread to many a Disney audience with his performances in such Disney movies as the Oscar®-winning Mary Poppins in 1964, The Love Bug in 1969, and Bedknobs and Broomsticks in 1971.
Of the more than 50 motion pictures he appeared in during his career, however, his most popular role was as the rigid and positively clueless father George Banks in Mary Poppins. As Ed Weiner wrote in TV Guide, "Of all the movie moments we hold dear from childhood and revisit most often with our children on video, Tomlinson as a changed and suddenly life-loving George Banks happily singing 'Let's Go Fly a Kite' is one of the sweetest."
Born David Cecil MacAlister Tomlinson on May 7, 1917, in Henley-on-Thames, England, he left school to serve with the Grenadier Guards beginning in 1935. A year later, he took a job as a clerk in London and dabbled in amateur theater at night. While playing the bridegroom in a 1939 tour of Quiet Wedding, David was spotted by director Anthony Asquith and, subsequently, cast as best man in the play's 1940 film adaptation opposite Margaret Lockwood.
David put his fledgling motion picture career on hold during World War II to serve as a flight lieutenant in the Royal Air Force. After the War, he resumed acting with such films as The Little Hut with David Niven; Three Men in a Boat, directed by fellow Legend Ken Annakin; and Up the Creek with Peter Sellers.
David, bent toward the humorous, once said, "Personally, I wouldn't want to go near Hamlet. Far too serious."
He was cast in Mary Poppins after Walt Disney saw his stage performance in Ring of Truth at the Savoy Theatre. The role won him a Hollywood film editors' award for "best performance by an actor making his debut in American motion pictures."
David went on to play the evil Thorndyke in The Love Bug; it was an about-face for the actor, who usually played respectable, good-natured types. Later he served as the humbug professor of magical arts, Emelius Brown, in Bedknobs and Broomsticks with Angela Lansbury.
David Tomlinson passed away on June 24, 2000 in London, England.
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"Disney favorite Ed Wynn made a cameo appearance as Uncle Albert, and the role of the bird woman was played by Jane Darwell, best known for her role as Ma Joad in The Grapes of WrathMary Poppins was her last film. But because establishing a distinguished human cast for Mary Poppins was only half the job, there was an animated cast of co-stars too, and all of these actors had to perform together in a fantasy world."
"The warm and nostalgic London settings for Mary Poppins were also created by movie magic, entirely at the Disney studio."
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Peter Ellenshaw — Matte Artist
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Peter Ellenshaw (1913–2007), Film (1993)
Mary Poppins glides through the air beneath an umbrella. Fifty chimney sweeps dance over the rooftops of London. Captain Nemo pilots his submarine, the Nautilus, to the island of Vulcania. Such Disney moments, and many more, were created by Peter Ellenshaw, special effects artist, matte painter, and production designer. A renowned sea and landscape artist, Peter created paintings that look real enough to step into.
The story of how Peter first became interested in art is about as dramatic as his paintings. Born in London on May 24, 1913, Peter was raised in the town of Essex, which was in the path of German zeppelins during World War I. As he once recalled, "My mother put us [he and his two sisters] under the kitchen table while the zeppelins were overhead and gave us pencils and paper to draw with." An artist was born.
Because of his father's death in World War I, Peter was forced to leave school at age 14 to help support his family. While working as a grease monkey in a garage, he pursued his artwork and soon met matte artist Walter Percy Day. Before long, Day offered the young artist a job in film and Peter went on to work on Alexander Korda's Things to Come, Michael Powell's A Matter of Life and Death, and Mervyn LeRoy's Quo Vadis, as well as The Thief of BaghdadThe Red ShoesBlack Narcissus, and Spartacus.
Peter first met Walt Disney in 1948, when Walt began production of his first completely live-action motion picture, Treasure Island, in England. Intrigued by Peter's artistry, Walt personally chose him to recreate scenes of long-ago England on painted backgrounds for the film.
Walt later brought Peter to Hollywood to work on his adaptation of Jules Verne's classic 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea; the film went on to win an Oscar® for best special effects in 1955. Ten years later, Peter won his own Academy Award® for his work on Mary Poppins. As a matte artist, he contributed to such films as Pollyanna and Swiss Family Robinson, and he was also responsible for production design on Johnny Tremain. In addition, Peter contributed to the special photographic effects of Darby O'Gill and the Little People, served as production designer on Island at the Top of the World, and as art director on Bedknobs and Broomsticks. In all, Peter contributed to more than 30 Disney feature films.
A collection of his breathtaking art was published in 1996 as The Garden Within: The Art of Peter Ellenshaw," which inspired the wildly popular "Winnie the Pooh in the Garden" series of Disney collectibles and merchandise.
Peter Ellenshaw passed away on February 12, 2007, in Santa Barbara, California.
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"Even Walt's newest technology, Audio-Animatronics, had a featured role in Mary Poppins."
"Mark Breaux and Dee Dee Wood, who had assisted legendary choreographer Michael Kidd, were brought on to direct the dancing, not only of the principal cast, but of chimney sweeps, bank executives, and even penguins. In this rare never-before-seen footage, the chimney sweeps rehearse the lively Step in Time number in the summer heat on the Disney backlot. Choreographer Dee Dee Wood stands in for Julie Andrews."
"This ruckus routine was suggested by Englishman Peter Ellenshaw and based on a traditional British pub dance, Knees Up Mother Brown."
"All through 1964, every sound stage of the Disney studio bustled with the production of Mary Poppins."
"This rare outtake exemplifies the happy mood of the Mary Poppins production."
"While Mary Poppins was in production, Disney geared up one of the largest and most enthusiastic promotional campaigns in the history of the studio."
"In grand Hollywood style, Mary Poppins met the world. Critics greeted the film with raves unlike any scene at Disney since Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. In 1965, Mary Poppins was honored with 13 Academy Award nominations and went on to win five Oscars, including Best Actress, for the woman who wasn't considered 'movie material', Julie Andrews. In 1991, Julie Andrews was honored at the Disney studio as a Disney Legend."
"Mary Poppins also won an Oscar for its fantastic visual effects. The Sherman brothers' musical score won an Academy Award, as did their popular song Chim Cim Cher-ee. Awards and accolades aside, in Mary Poppins, Walt Disney found a special meaning that moved him deeply."
"In the end, the film that touched him personally was also Walt Disney's greatest professional triumph."
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Bob Broughton (1917–2009), Film (2001)
Bob Broughton devoted his skill as a camera effects artist to nearly every Disney motion picture from Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs in 1937 to The Black Hole in 1979. He also sprinkled his infectious enthusiasm like pixie dust over fellow cast members and, after retiring in 1982, remained Disney's greatest cheerleader while coordinating the Studio's Golden 'Ears Retirement Club for 15 years.
Bob fondly recalled, "I had one of the best jobs anyone could have, with a one-of-a-kind organization and incredibly talented people."
Born September 17, 1917, in Berkeley, California, Bob attended the University of California at Los Angeles, studying chemistry, physics, math, and optics. He joined Disney in 1937, delivering mail to Studio offices before stepping into the camera department. There, he shot test camera on Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, a step in production to check the continuous action of animated scenes before photographing the final product.
Bob quickly graduated to the more technically advanced multiplane camera, photographing artwork painted on glass up to six layers deep and giving depth to animated scenes in such features as Pinocchio.
In 1940, as one of two operators of an advanced camera and crane, Bob transferred to the newly formed special photographic effects department shooting effects for Fantasia. These included the transparent flying ghosts featured in the film's "Night on Bald Mountain" sequence. His technical mind, keen eye, and steady hand soon won him a promotion to camera department supervisor.
While in this new position, Bob branched out into scene planning, developing mechanics for multiplane camera scenes as well as overseeing optical printing on Disney's first movie to combine live action and animation, Saludos Amigos in 1942.
During World War II, Bob left Disney to serve in the United States Army as a cameraman in the field photographic branch of the Office of Strategic Services, headed by Hollywood director John Ford. Based in Washington, D.C., he photographed an Oscar®-winning film, directed by Ford, documenting the Battle of Midway.
After the War, Bob returned to the Studio as assistant to technical wizard and fellow Legend Ub Iwerks. By the 1950s, he began contributing effects to live-action motion pictures and worked with such celebrities as Julie Andrews, Maureen O'Hara, and Dean Jones. For a time, Bob Broughton even photographed Walt's lead-ins for the weekly television series Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color.
As a talented camera effects artist on both animated and live-action motion pictures, Bob's job was to create spectacular effects in a subtle way. For instance, in Mary Poppins, he helped Dick Van Dyke dance with animated penguins by using color traveling matte composite cinematography, an award-winning technology that combined live-action and animated actors.
"If it looked like we doctored up a scene," Bob later recalled, "we were a failure. Our effects weren't supposed to be obvious."
Bob Broughton passed away on January 19, 2009, at the age of 91, in Rochester, Minnesota.
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FINAL PROJECTS.
In the final months of his life, Walt Disney and his studio were still hard at work on a variety of projects. Along with a full slate of television and film production—both animated (The Jungle Book) and live-action (The Happiest Millionaire)—Walt continued to explore new horizons with his characteristic zest. The Florida Project was being actively developed, and in the meantime he had launched additional projects: an ambitious, interdisciplinary art school, and an environmentally innovative ski resort at Mineral King Valley. The art school would eventually be completed, greatly revised from Walt's concept, as California Institute of the Arts; the Mineral King project would not be realized at all. But Walt himself continued to embrace life as enthusiastically as ever, working on new projects to the end.
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The last animated feature Walt Disney personally oversaw, The Jungle Book marked a transition in the studio's approach to filmmaking, as the artists shifted from polished storytelling to an emphasis on character moments. A perennial fan favorite, the film is celebrated for the extraordinary animation by four of the studio's "Nine Old Men": Ollie Johnston, Milt Kahl, John Lounsbery, and Frank Thomas. Younger generations of animators continue to study the subtle acting and deeply felt relationship between Mowgli and Baloo, and the freewheeling fun of the duet between Baloo and King Louie. The film was criticized when it was released for taking liberties with the original Kipling stories. Audiences proved untroubled by those liberties: the film scored a huge hit, especially in Europe, and its popularity has never waned.
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U.S. Release: October 18, 1967
Technical Specifications: Technicolor, 1.33:1, 78 minutes
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1989: Ollie Johnston†, Milt Kahl*, Eric Larson*, John Lounsbery*, Wolfgang "Woolie" Reitherman*, Frank Thomas†.
1990: Richard M. Sherman, Robert B. Sherman†.
1991: Ken Anderson†, Sterling Holloway†.
2001: George Bruns*
2006: Al Dempster*
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The Bare Necessities: The Making of "The Jungle Book"
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1989: Marc Davis†
2007: Floyd Norman
2008: Burny Mattinson†
2013: Glen Keane
2015: Andreas Deja
"It swings. It sings. The jungle is jumpin', with the behind-the-scenes story of Walt Disney's masterpiece, The Jungle Book."
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The Jungle Book: The Making of a Musical Masterpiece
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"Rudyard Kipling's 1894 (1944) classic first caught Walt's attention in the late 1930s (1980s), but Disney didn't acquire the film rights until 1962 (2012). The Jungle Book was the last animated feature that Walt Disney personally supervised. As was often the case with his animated features, Walt's first approach to the story was through music."
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Leonard Maltin — Film Historian
Richard M. Sherman — Songwriter
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"The music that we know today wasn't the first score written for the film. For an early version of The Jungle Book, composer Terry Gilkyson created a dark and mysterious song score."
"At the same time, veteran story man Bill Peet created a lush and moody visual approach to the classic story, firmly based in Kipling, but it seemed that this literal approach to the story wasn't what Walt had in mind. All the initial development was abandoned, except for one song..."
"Walt called on staff songwriters Robert and Richard Sherman for a fresh musical start."
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Richard M. Sherman & Robert B. Sherman — Songwriters
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"With The Jungle Book, what most interested Walt were the memorable characters and exotic settings. In re-approaching the story development, Walt gave an unusual instruction to his staff."
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Larry Clemmons — Story Development
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"Since it was Walt's idea to disregard the original Kipling story, he became personally involved in solving story problems for the Disney version of The Jungle Book."
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Ollie Johnston & Frank Thomas — Directing Animators
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"Following these instructions from the boss, director Wolfgang Reitherman began developing the characters."
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Wolfgang Reitherman — Director
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"But selecting a credible voice for a character wasn't as easy as simply casting the latest popular actor."
"While discussing voice casting with his team, Walt had an inspiration."
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Vance Gerry — Story Development
Phil Harris — Voice of "Baloo"
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"Another inspiration came in the casting of King Louie."
"In this rare film footage shot during the recording session for I Wanna Be Like You, Louie Prima and his band display their trademark eccentricity. Director Woolie Reitherman recalled the spark of an idea."
"Inspired by Prima's band, the animators took over."
"The unconventional approach to voice casting continued with the villainous tiger, Shere Khan."
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Milt Kahl — Directing Animator
Ken Anderson — Character Design/Story Development
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"The voice of Kaa was provided by veteran Disney voice actor Sterling Holloway, who had played Mr. Stork in Dumbo...the Cheshire Cat in Alice in Wonderland...and the beloved Winnie the Pooh."
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Sterling Holloway — Voice of "Kaa"
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Sterling Holloway (1905–1992), Animation—Voice (1991)
During his nearly 40-year association with The Walt Disney Studios, actor Sterling Holloway supplied narration and character voice-overs for more than twenty Disney animated shorts, features, and television specials. Yet it was his irresistibly childlike portrayal of Disney's "silly old bear," Winnie the Pooh, for which he is most remembered.
Director of Disney Character Voices Rick Dempsey once described the actor's one-of-a-kind vocal quality: "Sterling just had a unique voice—a high-tenor, raspy voice unlike anything you ever heard. He was the first spoken teddy bear."
Born January 14, 1905, in Cedartown, Georgia, Sterling was educated at Georgia Military Academy. At 15, he enrolled in New York's American Academy of Dramatic Arts and, upon graduation, appeared in musical revues, vaudeville, and on the radio. He then moved to Hollywood, where he launched his film career, appearing in such silent movies as Casey at the Bat with Wallace Beery. When the advent of talking pictures left many featured players without work, Sterling's distinctive voice brought him prosperity. In the 1930s and '40s, the lanky redhead with a knack for playing country bumpkin roles appeared in such films as Gold Diggers of 1933, with Dick Powell, and Blonde Venus, with Marlene Dietrich. He would go on to make more than 150 film appearances during his lifetime.
Before long, Sterling's unusual voice perked the ear of Walt Disney, who invited him to star as the voice of the Messenger Stork in the 1941 animated classic Dumbo.
His first Disney performance led to subsequent voice roles including the adult Flower in Bambi and the Cheshire Cat in Alice in Wonderland. Sterling also played Kaa, the hypnotic snake, in The Jungle Book, for which he sang the memorable song "Trust in Me." His most beloved role, however, was as the voice of Winnie the Pooh in such featurettes as the Academy Award®-winning Winnie the Pooh and the Blustery Day.
Among his other Disney film credits, Sterling played Professor Holloway and the Cold-Blooded Penguin in The Three Caballeros and Roquefort in The Aristocats. He also served as narrator for the "Peter and the Wolf" segment of Make Mine Music, and other Disney shorts, including The Pelican and the SnipeLambert, the Sheepish Lion, and Susie, the Little Blue Coupe.
In the 1950s and '60s, the actor segued into the budding medium of television, appearing in such popular situation comedies as The Life of Riley and The Baileys of Balboa. Among his Disney television credits, Sterling narrated Christmas at Walt Disney World and The Restless Sea, a combination live-action and animated story of the sea.
Sterling Holloway passed away on November 22, 1992, in Los Angeles.
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"Filling out the voice cast were Sebastian Cabot as Bagheera...J. Pat O'Malley as Colonel Hathi...Verna Felton as Mrs. Hathi...and director Woolie Reitherman's son Bruce Reitherman was cast as the voice of Mowgli."
"Bringing friendship to the screen seemed natural for two of Walt's top animators and lifelong best friends, Frank Thomas and Ollie Johnston."
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John Canemaker — Animation Historian
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"When his team was stumped for an ending to the film, Walt again stepped in, suggesting the final sequence."
"Sadly, Walt Disney would not live to see this happy ending. He passed away shortly after making this final story suggestion."
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John Culhane — Animation Historian
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"Disney executives took notice when The Jungle Book premiered and was an immediate blockbuster hit."
"Though it was the end of an era at the Disney studio, in many ways, it was a new beginning. Because of the success of The Jungle Book, the Disney studio began its first formal recruiting and training programs for a new generation of Disney animators, and a triumphant future lay ahead."
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Legend Mentioned from Walt Disney's Last Words
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Kurt Russell, Film (1998)
Actor Kurt Russell is known for his roles in such action-adventure flicks as Escape from L.A.The Thing, and Big Trouble in Little China." To those who grew up with Kurt, however, he's still remembered as the all-American "apple pie and ice cream" kid who starred as Dexter Reilly in Disney's The Computer Wore Tennis Shoes, Now You See HimNow You Don't, and The Strongest Man in the World. Over the years, Kurt has never lost his boyish charm, nor forgotten his Disney roots.
"The Disney years were my education in the film business," he later recalled. "I was fortunate to be able to work there consistently."
Born in Springfield, Massachusetts, on March 17, 1951, Kurt was raised in Los Angeles where his father, Bing Russell, starred as Deputy Clem on the Bonanza television series. Kurt loved baseball and, at the age of nine, decided to go into acting when he heard that his sports heroes Mickey Mantle and Roger Maris were planning a movie, Safe at Home! He didn't get the part he auditioned for, but did win a role in Elvis Presley's It Happened at the World's Fair; this led to television's Travels with Jamie McPheeters and, ultimately, to the Disney Studios.
At 15, Kurt was cast in his first Disney picture, Follow Me, Boys! starring fellow Disney Legend Fred MacMurray. Walt Disney took an instant liking to Kurt and signed him to an exclusive Studio contract, making him the Studio's teen star of the 1960s and '70s. Kurt made 12 Disney features in all, including The Barefoot ExecutiveThe Horse in the Gray Flannel SuitCharley and the Angel, and Superdad. In the 1968 Disney musical The One and Only, Genuine Original Family Band, Kurt met a young dancer named Goldie Hawn; she would later become his real-life leading lady.
He narrated the 1970 animated short Dad, Can I Borrow the Car? and later voiced Copper, the young hunting dog, in the animated feature The Fox and the Hound." Kurt also appeared in Disney television shows, including Willie and the Yank and The Secret of Boyne Castle. Alongside the Osmond Brothers, he hosted the 1970 The Wonderful World of Disney episode "Disneyland Showtime;" in the show, he introduced viewers to a new Disney theme park adventure, the Haunted Mansion.
Unlike many child stars, Kurt made a successful transition into adult roles. In 1979, his career came full circle when he earned an Emmy® nomination for his role as Elvis Presley in the John Carpenter telefilm Elvis. Other credits include SilkwoodStargateExecutive DecisionBackdraft, and Soldier.
In 1992, Kurt returned to The Walt Disney Studios to star in Touchstone's Captain Ron; in 1993, he portrayed Wyatt Earp in Hollywood Pictures' Tombstone. Kurt tackled another biographical role, that of United States Olympic hockey coach Herb Brooks, in 2004's Miracle. The film relates the story of the "miracle on ice"—the gold-medal triumph of the underdog American hockey team at the 1980 Winter Olympics. In 2005, Kurt starred as the world's most famous superhero in the Disney family comedy Sky High.
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The Story of Tinker Bell and Periwinkle's Sisterhood and Anna and Elsa's Childhood
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On the edge of a fjord, a deep mountain lake ringed by majestic peaks, the kingdom of Arendelle was a happy place. During the day, shopkeepers, fishermen, and ice sellers kept the city bustling. At night, the northern lights often lit up the sky in beautiful patterns. The rulers of Arendelle, King Agnarr and Queen Iduna, were kind. Their young daughters, Elsa and Anna, were the joy of their lives.
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Tinkers' Nook was bustling with activity. The tinker fairies were making snowflake baskets for the fairies of winter. A flock of snowy owls soon arrived for the baskets, bringing a final shipment order for Fairy Mary with them. "Goodness," Fairy Mary said. "They need twenty more baskets for tomorrow's pickup!" Tink watched as the magnificent birds headed off toward the Winter Woods. "There's a whole other world over there," she said to herself.
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Later that day, Tink volunteered to help her friend Fawn take animals to the Winter Woods to hibernate. But Fawn told Tink that they could only bring animals to the border, and weren't allowed to go into the Winter Woods. Then she got distracted by a sleeping marmot. "No hibernating yet!" she called into the animal's ear. "You do that in winter!"
Even though she knew it could be dangerous, Tink was very curious about the Winter Woods. With Fawn distracted, Tinker Bell jumped across the border!
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Tink gazed in wonder at the beautiful wintry landscape, enchanted by the delicate snowflakes that drifted down all around her. Suddenly, her wings began to sparkle in a burst of colorful light–and she heard the faint sound of a baby's laugh!
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The magical moment ended when Fawn yanked Tinker Bell back into autumn. Fawn touched Tink's wings and gasped. They were freezing! Fawn rushed Tink straight to the fairy hospital. A healing-talent fairy examined Tink's wings. Then she warmed them until they were back to normal again.
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Tink was on a mission to find out what had made her wings sparkle. She flew off to the Book Nook, where she found a wing-shaped book she hoped would give some answers. Unfortunately, a bookworm had chewed through the pages. A fairy told Tink that the author of the book–the Keeper—might be able to help her. But he lived in the Winter Woods.
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Tinker Bell put on a warm outfit, packed the book in a bag, and snuck into the tinkers' workshop. Then the adventurous fairy climbed inside a snowflake basket. Tink's fairy friends watched closely.
In a moment, Tink was soaring through the air. The young owl that had picked up the basket had no idea there was a stowaway inside!
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As the owl crossed into the Winter Woods, Tinker Bell felt a cold blast of air. She peeked out of the basket and saw a majestic valley spread before her!
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Suddenly, the owl accidentally let go of Tink's basket! She crashed onto the landing area, sending snowflakes scattering everywhere. Tinker Bell ducked behind the basket to hide–then realized that her book had been flung onto the ice. She had to get it back before a winter fairy found it!
Just then, Lord Milori, the Lord of Winter, arrived. "Now, that is odd," he said, grabbing the book from Sled, a winter fairy who had spotted it. Lord Milori asked Sled to return the book to the Keeper.
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Tinker Bell secretly followed Sled to the Hall of Winter. When she arrived, she spotted the Keeper, whose name was Dewey. Then another winter fairy rushed into the room and asked Dewey why her wings were sparkling! Suddenly, Tinker Bell's wings began to sparkle, too–just like when she had crossed the border the other day! An irresistible force pulled her toward the fairy. The fairy's name was Periwinkle.
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The girls hoped Dewey could explain what was happening to their wings. He brought Tink and Peri over to a giant snowflake. "Just put your wings into the light," he told them.
A few seconds later, the chamber filled with images showing the journey of a baby's first laugh–a laugh that split in two and landed on a dandelion! One half traveled to the Pixie Dust Tree on the warm side of Pixie Hollow, and Tinker Bell was born. The other half blew into the Winter Woods, and baby Periwinkle arrived. That meant Tink and Peri were sisters!
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Suddenly, Lord Milori arrived. He was concerned about the book Sled had found. "What if a warm fairy brought it here?" he asked Dewey. "If a warm fairy comes here, you will send them back."
Peri and Tink, who had been hiding behind the snowflake, gasped. Did this mean that Tinker Bell would have to go home already?
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Dewey told the girls they could have a little time to visit before Tink had to go home. Tink put on her coat and earmuffs to keep warm. When they got to Periwinkle's house, Peri showed Tink a bundle of items she had been collecting. "You collect Lost Things, too?" asked Tink. "I called them Found Things," Periwinkle replied, smiling.
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Next, they went to the Frost Forest, where Peri introduced Tinker Bell to her friends Gliss and Spike. They went ice-sliding, which was like sledding on a frozen roller coaster. Tink had a wonderful time!
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Agnarr loved telling Elsa and Anna, stories of long ago. One night he told them about the Northulara, a people who lived in harmony with the spirits of nature. The story left Anna and Elsa with many questions. But it was late, so Iduna lulled them to sleep with a lullaby. She sang of a river called Ahtohallan, which held all the answers to the past.
Elsa wondered if Ahtohallan knew why she had magical power. "Someone should really try to find it," she said before dozing off.
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That night outside Periwinkle's house, after Tinker Bell had built a fire to stay warm, she had a thought. "I made it warmer over here," she said. "Maybe I could make it colder over there." Tink wanted her sister to be able to visit her on the warm side of Pixie Hollow.
Suddenly, the snow floor crumbled beneath them. It was melting from the fire! A lynx brought them to safety. Dewey told the girls that now it was really time for Tink to go back home.
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The girls realized that they might never see each other again. Tinker Bell had to come up with a plan. When the three fairies reached the border, Tinker Bell broke into fake sobs. "I can't watch!" Dewey cried. "Meet me here tomorrow. There's something I need you to bring," Tink whispered to Peri.
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A little while later, Tinker Bell arrived back on the warm side of Pixie Hollow. She asked her friends Clank and Bobble for help. The three fairies were hard at work when a few of Tinker Bell's other friends stopped by. Clank had told them about Tink's newfound sister, and everyone couldn't wait to find out more about her!
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The next day, Tinker Bell arrived at the border with Bobble and Clank, who were pulling a strange-looking contraption. It was a snowmaker! Periwinkle and her friends gasped in surprise. "How does it work?" Peri asked.
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A few seconds later, the snowmaker started to grate a block of ice and turn it into snow. Peri was delighted!
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The older daughter, Princess Elsa, had a magical secret–she had the power to create snow and ice!
Anna adored her big sister and wanted to spend every minute with her. One night, Anna convinced Elsa to turn the Great Hall into a winter wonderland. They made a snowman together, and then Elsa created ice slides so Anna could soar through the air!
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Peri's journey through the warm seasons was filled with one amazing sight after the next. She saw a fast-moving rainbow and a field of blooming flowers. She thought everything was so beautiful.
Soon, Fawn, Iridessa, Rosetta, Silvermist, and Vidia got to meet the frost fairy face to face. "Everyone ... this is Periwinkle, my sister!" Tinker Bell announced.
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Peri was continuing her tour of the warm side of Pixie Hollow when Tink noticed that Peri's wings had started to wilt. The snowmaker was running out of ice, and there wasn't enough snow to keep Peri cold! Elsa accidentally hit Anna with a blast of icy magic. Anna fell to the ground, shivering. A streak of white appeared in her hair.
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Immediately, Tink brought Peri back to the border. The worried Agnarr and Iduna rushed their daughters to the trolls. They were mysterious healers who knew all about magic. At the moment, Lord Milori appeared. "Lift your wings," he told Peri. "Let the cold surround them." A wise old troll named Grand Pabbie was able to cure Anna by helping her to forget the injury–and the magic. He also had a warning. "Elsa's power will grow," he said. "She must learn to control it." Suddenly Queen Clarion, the Queen of Pixie Hollow, arrived. She looked at the girls sadly. "This is why we do not cross the border," Lord Milori told Tinker Bell and Periwinkle. "I'm sorry. You two may never see each other again."
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Elsa was afraid that she would hurt her sister again. She spent her time practicing to keep her magic under control. It was difficult, especially when she became upset. As a precaution, Agnarr decided to keep the castle gates closed. As the girls went their separate ways, Lord Milori mounted his owl and flew off–but not before he knocked the snowmaker into a stream. The contraption goes over the waterfall as Lord Milori had intended, instead of the contraption getting caught on a ledge.
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Later that day, Queen Clarion tried to make Tinker Bell understand why the rule about not crossing the border was so important. She told the story of two fairies who fell in love. One was from the warm seasons and one was from the Winter Woods. One of the fairies crossed the border and broke a wing–an injury for which there was no cure. The queen finished her sad tale.
Anna couldn't remember Elsa's magic, but she still wanted to play with Elsa. No matter how much Anna pleaded, Elsa refused to open her door. Years passed, but the girls didn't grow any closer, even when their parents were lost at sea.
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10. December 15. 1966
Walter Elias Disney died on December 15, 1966, ten days after his sixty-fifth birthday, in St. Joseph's Hospital—directly across the street from the studio that he and his brother had built in Burbank, California. The nation and the world reacted in grief and disbelief, and condolences came to his family and his company from all over.
His brother Roy led the company in continuing the projects Walt had begun. The Mineral King project, which had been enthusiastically approved by California's governor Pat Brown and the U.S. Forest Service at the time of Walt's death, was defeated by the Sierra Club in a lawsuit that went as far as the Supreme Court. The concept of EPCOT, the Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow, was revised; it became World Showcase and Future World, the reasoning being that the realization of the "city of the future" was heavily dependent on Walt's own vision and direction. The acronym, however, was kept, and EPCOT Center ultimately became Epcot.
The California Institute of the Arts was built in 1969 on a hill overlooking California's Interstate 5. The School of Animation was added by the Walt Disney Studios in 1978, and was staffed entirely by veterans of the Disney animation department. John Lasseter, a member of the first graduating class and a founder of Pixar Animation Studios, became the head of Disney Animation.
Roy Disney declared that Disney World, the Florida project that lived so vividly in Walt's imagination, that he had begun but never seen realized, would be named Walt Disney World, so that everyone would know it was Walt's creation. Roy's energies, fueled by his love and grief for his younger brother, saw both CalArts and this second theme park through to completion. Roy, with Walt's widow, Lillian, dedicated Walt Disney World on its opening day with these words:
"Walt Disney World is a tribute to the philosophy and life of Walter Elias Disney and to the talents, the dedication, and the loyalty of the entire Disney organization that made Walt Disney's dream come true. May Walt Disney World bring Joy and Inspiration and New Knowledge to all who come to this happy place a Magic Kingdom where the young at heart of all ages can laugh and play and learn—together." — Roy O. Disney, October 25, 1971
Roy Oliver Disney died in St. Joseph's Hospital on December 20, 1971.
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Dedicated to the work by Walt Disney V's best friend and partner, John Lasseter, one of the key members of their executive team, who left the Disney company at the end of 2018 in a cloud of controversy and allegations of unwanted touching (Lasseter acknowledged "missteps" in a company-wide memo responding to the allegations). Ralph Breaks the Internet was the last animated cartoon feature production that Lasseter was involved with as executive producer and, like its predecessor, Disneywiz's reviews were mixed-to-negative.
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When Encanto takes over Frozen II as the winner of the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, Disneywiz's reviews were mixed-to-negative. Strange World followed, and due to the same musical score as the Wreck-It Ralph franchise, his reviews were also mixed-to-negative.
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And of course, the filmmakers all acknowledge there would be no Pixie Hollow had there not first been a Peter Pan. "One of the reasons I took this job was because growing up, I loved Peter Pan," Greenholt states, adding, "Every time we do a new project—and even in the midst of it—I'm constantly watching Peter Pan, over and over again, trying to stay in that world, to try and keep the animation and the acting as close to those sensibilities as I can." Wigert also stresses, "Peter Pan was such a fun character in that film. We absolutely respect that and want to live up to that legacy."
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After the sequel to Wreck-It Ralph was announced and thinking that Frozen Ever After or Frozen II was a better hit than the first film, Disneywiz acknowledges there would be nothing new at Disney Animation and became tired of anything new at every new animated feature with any lackluster reviewer had there not first been a Alice from Wonderland, Disney's famous mermaid with her beautiful feminine voice, and the rest of Anna and Elsa's childhood. "One of the reasons I took this job was because I loved Anna and Elsa's childhood and Queen Iduna, I loved Alice in WonderlandThe Little MermaidThe Hunchback of Notre Dame, or Enchanted," Disneywiz states, adding, "Every time we do a new Disney feature project or sequel (especially for Moana 2) which will do better than Frozen II or Disenchanted (a sequel to Enchanted, which the reviews saying that it lacked the charm of the predecessor), except for every new Frozen film with every nostalgic childhood scene (especially with rave reviews, a boo-boo, or one that is about to enter and win the awards at the Oscars) or any different movie with a C or D grade—and even in the midst of it—I'm constantly going back to visit Anna and Elsa's childhood and seeing their parents (in the first and second films), and watching Alice in WonderlandThe Little MermaidThe Hunchback, or Enchanted, over and over again, trying to stay in that world, to try and keep the animation and the acting as close to those sensibilities as I can." "Alice and Esmeralda were such feminine characters in those two films. You think it's better than Tinker Bell or her other fairy friends until further notice. We absolutely respect that and want to live up to that legacy."
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Disneywiz makes a plan of going back to Walt Disney World on the day before Ralph Breaks the Internet was released. However, my sister plans her wedding at San Diego due on August 25, 2018. Unfortunately, Disneywiz can't come to the ceremony because of what happened with Melissa and Brian's elopement on December 5, 2015. Realizing that Frozen II was more important (as his sister's wedding because he thinks that the ceremony was her atrocity) and even better than Walt Disney World, Disneywiz decides to make Frozen Ever After, a new film based on the name of the attraction (with a scene showing Anna and Elsa as children) happen or re-release The Little Mermaid, Enchanted, or The Hunchback of Notre Dame as the replacement date for Ralph Breaks the Internet on November 21, 2018 (to celebrate the quinquennial of the franchise's debut and honor as Walt Disney's time release posthumous Tinker Bell movie soundtrack), starring Anna and Elsa as eternal children, their immortal parents Agnarr and Iduna, and all of the popular Disney Princesses and pretending that the Arendelle sisters as children and their mother Queen Iduna will be the new Tinker Bell and Periwinkle in the Disney Fairies series, wanting to prove that it will be better than the first Frozen and the other Tinker Bell films. With the help of the philosophy without worry (Hakuna Matata – no worries) and the re-release of Walt Disney's 1953 classic Peter Pan, the new project since the discontinuation of the Tinker Bell series, he deals with it and fix the insecurities of Walt Disney World's Frozen Ever After (which became the sanctuary to the Disney Fairies' Tinker Bell collection) until 2019 because the wedding (or the release of Ralph Breaks the Internet) is more important than his desire.
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The cast and crew for Walt Disney V's time release posthumous Tinker Bell movie soundtrack

• Anna and Elsa (as children) — Tinker Bell (with her speaking voice) / Periwinkle
• Ariel — Tinker Bell (with her speaking voice) / Periwinkle
• Giselle — Tinker Bell (with her speaking voice) / Periwinkle
• Iduna & Agnarr — Tink's Fairy Friends from Pixie Hollow
• 11 Other Disney Princesses — Tink's Fairy Friends from Pixie Hollow
• Kristen Anderson-Lopez & Robert Lopez — Joel McNeely
• Songs in Frozen II — Unnamed Instrumental Tracks for the unfinished Secret of the Wings soundtrack / We'll Be There / The Great Divide (two parts in film version)
• Music at Atlantica (Alan Menken and Howard Ashman) — Joel McNeely / Unnamed Instrumental Tracks for the unfinished Secret of the Wings soundtrack / We'll Be There / The Great Divide (two parts in film version)
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Disney Legends Memoriam (three times at the D23 Expo)
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2011
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2013
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2015
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To learn more about the Disney Legends, click here.
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The Jungle Book's Early Film Development
In the early 1960s, after finishing his work on The Sword in the Stone (1963), story artist Bill Peet brought Rudyard Kipling's The Jungle Book to Walt Disney's attention, proposing it as their next animated film. Peet had been with The Walt Disney Studios since 1938 and was involved in some capacity with the story development, writing, or art of nearly every one of its films since Pinocchio in 1940. Peet had a heavy hand in directing the story of One Hundred and One Dalmatians and specialized in versatile animal personalities. Walt and Bob Thomas, a reporter and Hollywood film industry biographer, flew to Paris for a meeting about acquiring the rights to Kipling's collection of stories in 1962. At that point, Peet had already written an early treatment for the film, developed initial character designs, and devised a rough idea for the film's iconic song "The Bare Necessities."
The initial direction of the film that Peet presented was ominous and mysterious, with a storyline very similar to Kipling's collection of stories. Walt's feedback was positive on the script and storyboards, but he was dissatisfied with the dark tone. Walt insisted on moving further away from the original source material in order to make the film lighter and aimed at the family demographic. Though Peet had made a sincere effort to replicate the drama and mystery of Kipling's stories, that was simply not the story Walt Disney wanted to tell. Peet left The Walt Disney Studios in late 1964.
Artist Walt Peregoy, the lead background painter on Sleeping Beauty (1959), created a number of experimental visual development pieces for The Jungle Book. His rich, deep colors closely matched the darker tone of Peet's original story. With Disney's new direction for the film in place, he requested that Peregoy lighten and create more open space in his jungle backgrounds. Peregoy also decided to leave the Studios due to artistic disagreements, but years later joined WED Enterprises–known today as Walt Disney Imagineering–to help design EPCOT Center, fulfilling Walt's vision in Florida.
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The Jungle Book's New Direction
Walt recruited a new team to begin work on The Jungle Book. He assigned Larry Clemmons and Ralph Wright to be two of the film's writers. Clemmons had been hired by Disney in 1932 and received his first writing credit on The Reluctant Dragon in 1941, while Wright started at The Walt Disney Studios in the early 1940s and worked on many early Goofy short films. John LounsberyFrank ThomasOllie Johnston, and Milt Kahl–four of the core animators who Walt called his "Nine Old Men"–were supervising animators on the film. Wolfgang "Woolie" Reitherman, another of the Nine Old Men, was appointed director of the film, as he had successfully made the switch from animator to codirector on Sleeping Beauty (1959). Layout artist Vance Gerry, hired in 1955 as an in-betweener, transitioned into the Story Department during the development of The Jungle Book. Layout and background artist Al Dempster, who began his career at the Studios in 1939, was responsible for many of the detailed and vivid backgrounds and concept art pieces for the film. Walt brought on songwriters Richard and Robert Sherman, known as the Sherman brothers, to match the story's lighthearted tone.
At one point Walt called a meeting with the story team, the Sherman brothers, and other regulars at the studio. According to Richard Sherman, Walt asked if the team had read Kipling's The Jungle Book. When no one raised their hands, he exclaimed, "Good! I don't want you to read it. There are some great characters in it, but it's too dark and heavy..." Walt felt that the story should remain simple and the characters should drive the story. While much of Bill Peet's story work was discarded, the personalities of the characters and the relationships between them remained in the final film.
Beginning with Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs in 1937, animators studied live-action reference films to help develop and refine the movement of human and animal characters while retaining aspects of each artist's unique style. Milt Kahl noted that animating animals tended to be easier than animating humans, as viewers were generally not as critical of unnatural actions from animal characters as they are from human characters. This gave the artists more freedom of expression and experimentation in their animal drawings. Kahl noted that the goal was to learn so much about the live-action references that they no longer needed them as references, which, in turn, would make the animated actions seem more natural.
Due to the heavy character interaction in each scene and the episodic storyline, animators were responsible for specific sequences in the film rather than individual characters. The animation was transferred to celluloid sheets (or "cels") using xerography, which allowed pencil drawings to be printed directly onto cels. This copying process was adapted for animation by Disney Legend Ub Iwerks, the first animator of Mickey Mouse. Although Walt Disney initially disliked how xerography accentuated the roughness of the drawings, the process maintained the vitality of the original artwork. This technique eliminated the lengthy hand-inking stage and cut production costs significantly. Sleeping Beauty (1959) was the first film in which the technique was tested, while the first animated feature to fully utilize the process was One Hundred and One Dalmatians two years later. After Walt Peregoy left the Studios, concept artist Ken Anderson–who had been at Disney since 1934 and was one of the primary advocates for xerography–developed additional concept art and backgrounds for the film, along with ideas for character designs.
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A Strange Legend (00:02:30–00:05:09)
"Many strange legends are told of these jungles of India, but none so strange as the story of a small boy named Mowgli." – Bagheera
The story begins with the narration of one of the film's most prominent characters, Bagheera, whose name in Hindi translates roughly to "panther." Bagheera discovers the orphaned baby Mowgli in a basket after hearing his cries. After a moment of hesitation, he decides to bring Mowgli to the wolf pack, where he knows the baby will be protected–at least for the time being. In the original Kipling stories, Mowgli has a wolf mother named Raksha, which means "defense" or "protection" in Hindi. Ultimately, it is Bagheera who serves as Mowgli's main protector throughout the animated film.
Animator Hal King, best known for his work on Lady and the Tramp (1955), Sleeping Beauty (1959), and The Sword in the Stone (1963), animated the wolves, basing the wolf cubs on the puppies from One Hundred and One Dalmatians (1961). English actor John Abbott voiced Akela, leader of the Seeonee wolf pack, who makes the final decision to send Mowgli on a journey back to the Man-village under the guidance of Bagheera. Akela, meaning "single" or "solitary" in Hindi, is often referred to as the "lone wolf" in Kipling's stories. Abbott, known for his Shakespearean stage roles throughout the 1930s and 1940s, was featured in pioneering BBC television broadcasts prior to World War I and moved into American television in the 1950s.
In the film, Bagheera is a wise, intelligent figure in the jungle. Throughout Kipling's stories, the panther carries scars of his past captivity and gets into many confrontations, but Walt chose to omit these elements from the film to keep the tone light. Bagheera is, however, stricter with Mowgli in the film than in Kipling's version.
Milt Kahl was responsible for much of the animation of Bagheera; in order to portray his movements, Kahl studied large cats featured in Disney's earlier live-action films. From 1948 to 1960, The Walt Disney Studios produced 14 nature and animal documentary films known as the True-Life Adventures series. The last film of the series, Jungle Cat (1960), offers a glimpse into the life of a jaguar family from the jungles of Brazil. When asked how long it took Kahl to perfect Bagheera, Kahl replied, "Oh, about two to three weeks. I looked at all kinds of big cat footage. We had done a picture called Jungle Cat; I studied that film and the outtakes as well."
Story artist Bill Peet was still at The Walt Disney Studios while early discussions about determining a voice for Bagheera were ongoing. He preferred Howard Morris, an actor best known for his role as Ernest T. Bass on The Andy Griffith Show. An interoffice memo from Woolie Reitherman to Peet responding to Peet's choice reads in part: "I would like to suggest that we let Walt listen to your latest 'Howard Morris' Bagheera. ...The animators and myself like either Karl Swenson or Sebastian Cabot for Bagheera–with Sebastian being first choice." Sebastian Cabot, an English film and television actor who voiced the narrator and Sir Ector in The Sword in the Stone, was ultimately chosen as the voice of Bagheera. Cabot would go on to narrate Disney's Winnie the Pooh series of animated films and featurettes until his death in 1977.
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Bagheera hopes a family of wolves will adopt baby Mowgli.
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A Spellbinding Squeeze (00:05:27–00:12:44)
After an evening meeting at Council Rock, Bagheera accepts from the wolf pack the responsibility of taking Mowgli back to the Man-village. There is a growing threat from Shere Khan the tiger, who has returned to terrorize their part of the jungle. Mowgli, now much older, rides on Bagheera's back through the night until they stop at a tree where Bagheera believes it is safe to rest until morning. While Bagheera sleeps, a snake named Kaa slithers down from the branches to hypnotize Mowgli, putting him in mortal danger as he coils around the boy's body. Bagheera wakes up just as Kaa's mouth opens wide over Mowgli's head. Kaa hypnotizes Bagheera, and Mowgli pushes Kaa out of the tree.
Animators Frank Thomas and Ollie Johnston brought Mowgli to life, and they studied live-action human reference footage for several scenes. Since Mowgli is one of the few human characters in the film, the animators had to be very careful in the way in they drew his actions. While they could take more liberties when animating animals, they knew that audiences would be critical if they did not capture Mowgli's movement and anatomy realistically.
Director Woolie Reitherman wanted the voice of Mowgli to sound like a typical adolescent child, but he struggled to cast the role until he found the right voice in his own home–his twelve-year-old son, Bruce. In addition to the role of Mowgli, Bruce Reitherman also voiced Christopher Robin in Winnie the Pooh and the Honey Tree (1966).
While Kaa in the animated film is a sly and sinister snake, Kipling's original tales included a powerful python who was one of Mowgli's mentors and friends. This version of the snake character was included in Bill Peet's original story treatment of the film, but Walt changed the character concept. As a result, Kaa became a secondary antagonist. Designing Kaa was difficult due to his lack of limbs. The animators paired real-life characteristics of snakes with cartoonish elements to exaggerate his movement and personality. Thomas used Kaa's body to help convey emotions in a way that mimicked human physicality. In one scene, for instance, Kaa says something he should not have. While a limbed character in the same situation might put their hand over their mouth in embarrassment, Kaa instead puts his body in front of his mouth. In an interview discussing character animation, Thomas and Johnston recounted that Walt often told the animators that the audience watches the eyes, as they reveal what the character is thinking and feeling. Kaa's extra-large eyes, which he uses to hypnotize characters, allowed Thomas to express a wide range of emotions.
Story artists knew they could have fun with Kaa's dialogue, but as Thomas and Johnston remembered, "Our first attempts at casting for a voice unearthed much sibilance, but not enough personality." Walt found the solution by approaching one of his favorite voice actors, veteran stage and screen performer Sterling Holloway. Holloway had an illustrious voice-acting career at The Walt Disney Studios, beginning with Mr. Stork in Dumbo (1941), and at the time was already at the studio recording the lead role for an upcoming animated featurette. "Walt came to me," Holloway recalled, "and he's such a stickler for voices, and said, When you're finished with what you're doing today on Winnie the Pooh, see what you can do with a snake. I thought, wouldn't it be funny to have a snake with an aching back? Because it would be such a long ache."
The Sherman brothers worked on songs alongside story artists and decided to give the character a sinus condition, which gave an additional dimension to his hissing. Kaa's song "Trust in Me" was based on the song "The Land of Sand," which was originally written by the Shermans for Mary Poppins (1964) but went unused after its sequence in the film was cut. The Sherman brothers felt the mysteriously mesmerizing music was perfect for Kaa, so they wrote new lyrics, adding many sibilant sounds to emphasize his hissing and sinus troubles.
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"You told me a lie, Kaa. You said I could trust you!"
"Trust in me…"
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Marching Elephants (00:13:08–00:19:25)
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(00:19:30–00:20:48)
The trees start to shake rhythmically as Bagheera and Mowgli sleep. The Dawn Patrol, a group of elephants resembling a military unit, is marching through the jungle when they first meet Mowgli. The pompous Colonel Hathi leads the group of elephants alongside his wife, Winifred, and young son, Hathi, Jr. Mowgli is interested in what they are doing, so he joins the march with Hathi, Jr. The group attempts to leave in an orderly fashion, but accidentally causes a pileup when Colonel Hathi forgets to tell the herd to halt. Though the Dawn Patrol group is made up of mostly male Indian elephants, male elephants in the wild usually travel alone or in small bachelor groups. Mowgli's encounter with Colonel Hathi and the elephant troop leads to earning a scolding from Bagheera, who remains insistent that he belongs in the Man-village. Mowgli decides to set off on his own into the jungle.
Hathi, named after "hathi"–the Hindi word for "elephant"–was an original character in Kipling's The Jungle Book who stood for the law of the jungle. John Lounsbery was appointed directing animator for the elephant characters in the film, and was assisted by artist Eric Cleworth. Prior to The Jungle Book, Lounsbery animated characters with lively personalities and dramatic physical movements, such as chefs Tony and Joe in Lady and the Tramp (1955), Maleficent's piglike henchmen in Sleeping Beauty (1959), and the clumsy dognappers Jasper and Horace in One Hundred and One Dalmatians (1961). Regarding the characters he preferred to animate, Lounsbery said, "What I enjoy the most is broader action. I like the heavies. I don't like the subtle things–the princes and the queens."
Lounsbery was known for bringing oversized personalities to life, and Colonel Hathi was no exception. When Hathi, acting as drill sergeant, inspects the elephant troops, Lounsbery manipulates the loose skin around his face, squashing and stretching the character. Though the tusks on a real-life elephant are firmly connected to its skull, Hathi's tusks move alongside his mouth in a dramatic fashion as he speaks. Animation historian John Canemaker noted that despite the larger-than-life aspects of the characters he created, Lounsbery was still able to imbue them with sensitivity and heart through the subtleties of his artistic style.
In the Disney adaptation, Colonel Hathi is voiced by J. Pat O'Malley. O'Malley was a popular Disney actor who previously voiced The Colonel and Jasper in One Hundred and One Dalmatians (1961). In The Jungle Book, he also voiced Buzzie the vulture. Young actor Clint Howard provided the voice of Colonel Hathi's son, as well as Roo in Winnie the Pooh and the Honey Tree (1966) and Winnie the Pooh and the Blustery Day (1968). Belonging to the prolific Howard family of actors, he is the son of actors Rance Howard and Jean Speegle Howard, the brother of actor and filmmaker Ron Howard, and the uncle of actor and director Bryce Dallas Howard. Disney regular Verna Felton–well known for her roles as the Fairy Godmother in Cinderella (1950), the Queen of Hearts in Alice in Wonderland (1951), and Flora the good fairy in Sleeping Beauty (1959)–voiced Winifred, the matriarch of the Dawn Patrol.
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"Just do what I do, but don't talk in ranks. It's against regulations."
"Gee pop, you forgot to say 'Halt!'"
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Papa Bear (00:21:11–00:29:43)
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(00:25:14–00:29:29)
Still angry, Mowgli sits by a rock and pouts, leading to his first encounter with Baloo the bear. Baloo cheers Mowgli up by teaching him to fight, eat, and relax like a bear. The pair dance and sing to what is arguably the most iconic song in the film, "The Bare Necessities," which preaches the importance of letting go of worries and focusing on the simple, essential things in life. Baloo thinks Mowgli should stay in the jungle, much to the annoyance of Bagheera, and the boy and the bear become fast friends.
Baloo, which comes from "bhalu," or "bear" in Hindi, appears as a sloth bear that appears in both of Kipling's Jungle Book story collections, in which he is portrayed as a strict teacher of the law of the jungle for Mowgli and the wolf pack cubs. While he remains one of Mowgli's mentors in the Disney film, he is presented as a gentle, lazy, and carefree "jungle bum," according to Bagheera. Ollie Johnston was tasked with animating Baloo in his first encounter with the Man-cub. Walt acted out how he felt Baloo should move throughout the film, and Johnston included these subtleties in his animation. Johnston also studied footage of bears to accurately mimic their movements and habits. Baloo exhibits exaggerated humanlike showmanship, as in when he stacks a tower of fruit and devours it in a single bite–all while dancing–but Johnston's fluid and clear representation of his actions make his movements feel believable.
Animators Frank Thomas and Ollie Johnston were paired to develop the relationship between Mowgli and Baloo. From their first meeting, it was clear that the characters' friendship would grow throughout the film. "You never knew where it came from, but you had a feeling of a strong friendship here, which we wanted and needed so badly for the picture," remarked Milt Kahl. The dynamic between the boy and the bear provided the much-needed emotional depth that carries the story. Mowgli affectionately refers to Baloo as "Papa Bear" as the pair grows closer. Thomas and Johnston based Baloo and Mowgli's friendship on their own close friendship and feelings of loyalty and trust toward one another. The two met at Stanford in 1931 and began decades-long careers at Disney a few years later. They worked closely together on many films and developed a friendship that would last throughout their lives. Johnston remarked that the relationship between Baloo and Mowgli was "one of the best things we've ever done."
The Studios held many auditions for Baloo's voice before deciding on comedian, actor, singer, and jazz musician Phil Harris, who Walt met at a party in Palm Springs. After coming to the studio to record test dialogue, Harris nearly dropped out of the role, claiming he was unable to perform the dialogue "like a bear." He was called back to the studio, and writer Larry Clemmons met with Harris about his concerns. Clemmons recounts "[Harris] said, I can't do the zoobies, zoobies, zabies. What is this? Zoobie-zoobie-doobie-doo, like a bear. I said 'Phil, we don't want a bear. We want Phil Harris like on The Jack Benny Show.' He said, "That I can do!"
As director Woolie Reitherman recalled: "So, we had Phil over to the studio, and once we told him not to be a bear, but to be Phil Harris, he got in front of the microphone and tore that thing apart. Harris turned out to be just perfect for the character of Baloo." The Studios gave Harris the freedom to perform Baloo the way that felt most comfortable to him, allowing him to improvise many of his lines in the film. Both Reitherman and Walt knew that Harris would be able to convey Baloo's lively personality through his own naturally warm and entertaining demeanor.
Composer Terry Gilkyson wrote the original film score, which was mostly dark and moody to match Peet's original concept for the film. Though the Sherman brothers were brought on to compose all of the songs for the film, Walt did have one request of them: "I have one excellent song by Terry Gilkyson, called The Bare Necessities. That's the only one I can use. Is that okay with you two?" The pair agreed, as the song fit the upbeat nature of the film. "The Bare Necessities," sung by Baloo and Mowgli, was nominated for an Academy Award' in 1968 and has since been covered by artists around the world across multiple genres, formats, and media.
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"You need help, and ol' Baloo's gonna learn you how to fight like a bear."
Baloo teaches Mowgli about the bare necessities of life.
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Jazz in the Jungle (00:29:45–00:39:11)
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(00:32:19–00:33:45)
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(00:33:46–00:36:29 / 00:53:20–00:53:37)
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(00:37:48)
Just after lazily floating down the river on Baloo's belly at the conclusion of "The Bare Necessities," Mowgli is kidnapped by a group of mischievous monkeys. The monkeys take him to their leader, King Louie, who resides in the ruins of an ancient palace. Louie, a cool, smooth-talking orangutan, hopes that Mowgli can teach him how to make fire, which he refers to as "man's red flower.' Louie makes his pitch to Mowgli in the jazz song "I Wan'na Be Like You, but his effort is in vain, as Mowgli does not know how to make fire. When Bagheera and Baloo arrive to save Mowgli, a scuffle ensues, and the pair rescue Mowgli as King Louie's palace crumbles to the ground.
Unlike most characters in The Jungle Book, King Louie was created expressly for the film. Orangutans are not native to the jungles of India, and there is no ape king in Rudyard Kipling's original stories, either. Both versions do include the "Bandar-log, a group of monkeys who live in Kipling's Seeonee jungle and end up kidnapping Mowgli, but the scene plays out quite differently in the film.
King Louie and the monkeys were brought to life by Milt Kahl, Frank Thomas, and John Lounsbery. Even during the wild, frantic action sequences, the animators maintained movements consistent with the characters' anatomy. When Baloo, disguised as an ape, grabs King Louie and throws him over his head, the bear's spine turns in a naturalistic manner. While at times exaggerated, there are no impossible distortions in either of the animals' movements throughout the sequence.
"I Wanna Be Like You" was one of the more challenging songs to write, but it also ranks among the more memorable songs from the film. In order to make the kidnapping of Mowgli into a playful–rather than somber–event, the Sherman brothers came up with a jazz melody to fit King Louie's personality as the "king of the swingers." Walt and the team first considered casting Louis Armstrong, a jazz legend who had performed at Disneyland, as the voice of King Louie. Armstrong and Walt had become friends, and Walt knew that his style and rich, gravelly voice would fit the melody of King Louie's iconic song. The team ultimately reconsidered, believing that casting an African-American actor for the voice of an ape would be inappropriate, according to Richard Sherman in a 2013 interview in the New York Times. Still, the character has long been criticized and considered an offensive caricature that utilizes racist stereotypes of the Black population.
The then-president of Walt Disney Records Jimmy Johnson suggested famed Italian American jazz trumpeter and vocalist Louis Prima because he "was this wild, swinging cat." Prima and his band, Sam Butera & The Witnesses, flew to Burbank to audition at the studio, where they performed almost everything that went into their Las Vegas act at the Hotel Sahara. During a typical performance, Prima would walk through the audience, blowing a horn as his bandmates followed in a line. "It was always the grand finale to his act." explained director Woolie Reitherman. Inspired, the animators incorporated that element of their performance into the film: King Louie mimes a trumpet with his hand and marches around while Mowgli and the other monkeys follow. The scene also includes a monkey using bananas as drumsticks mimicking the way that Prima's drummer would beat his drumsticks enthusiastically on furniture, other instruments, and the ground. "It's a hilarious bit, and it broke up the animators," remarked Johnson.
The song "I Wan'na Be Like You" includes a notable section of scat singing, a vocal improvisation technique that uses nonsense syllables. Due to Louis Prima and Phil Harris's tight schedules, they had to record their individual sections of the scat duet separately. Harris would listen to Prima's sections and then ad-lib his responses. Richard Sherman remarked, "It was hilarious, like a real scat conversation. It took a wonderful combination of artistic and technical talents to pull it off successfully." For its 50th anniversary of the classic film, the song includes a extra section of popular celebrity Phil Collins' last verse of "Strangers Like Me" from Disney's Tarzan that shares Harris and Prima's performance. Collins also voiced Lucky the Vulture from The Jungle Book 2, produced in 2003 by DisneyToon Studios Australia and released by Walt Disney Pictures, is a direct-to-video sequel to the original film.
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Monkeys throw fruit at Baloo and create chaos.
"Now, I'm the king of the swingers!"
"What I desire is Man's Red Fire to make my dream come true!"
With the help of Lucky the Vulture, Baloo's cover is blown.
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Tiger Trouble (00:39:38–00:47:08)
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(00:47:54–00:52:47)
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(00:54:15–01:01:00)
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(00:55:15–00:56:58)
After the run-in with King Louie and the monkeys, Baloo encourages Mowgli to return to the Man-village for his own safety, and Mowgli storms off for the second time. The tone of their relationship has shifted: Mowgli now feels betrayed by Baloo. Soon after, the terrifying tiger Shere Khan makes his first appearance. While stalking a deer in the jungle, Shere Khan is interrupted by "that ridiculous Colonel Hathi" and his elephant troop's loud marching. Shere Khan overhears Bagheera talking to Colonel Hathi about Mowgli, and his hunt for the Man-cub begins.
Shere Khan is Mowgli's main antagonist in the film, as he is in Kipling's original stories. According to Kipling, "shere" translated to "tiger," while "Khan" referred to a level of distinction; the two words together can be interpreted as "chief among tigers." In both the Kipling stories and the Disney film, Shere Khan is deeply feared by most of the animals in the jungle.
Shere Khan is briefly mentioned by several characters before he appears for the first time, about two-thirds of the way through the film. The animators were curious about Shere Khan's role in the film, as the character was not talked about much in storyboard meetings up until this point. Eventually, Walt requested that Ken Anderson draw up some sketches of how he envisioned Shere Khan. Walt did not want a tiger that growled the entire time; he wanted a new type of villain. Anderson drew an overly confident, suave, and menacing character–and Walt was sold.
Shere Khan was animated primarily by Milt Kahl. As he did with Bagheera, Kahl studied earlier live-action Disney documentary films in order to incorporate the qualities of a real tiger into the animated character. He often referred to A Tiger Walks (1964), a film about a Bengal tiger that escapes from a traveling circus. Kahl paid close attention when designing the stripes on Shere Khan, using them to add volume and perspective to his motions. A powerful draftsman, Kahl played down the tiger's actions, evoking a sense of power and ferocity through poses and subtle movements. As Deja wrote in his animation biography The Nine Old Men, "The less Shere Khan moves, the more intimidating he becomes."
When considering the voice of Shere Khan, Kahl said, "They were thinking of kind of a Jack Palance type, you know. A straight evil character who was going to kill this kid, you know. And maybe enjoy him for dinner. ... Ken Anderson made one drawing; he was thinking of a supercilious, above-it-all tiger..." for which George Sanders fit the bill perfectly. Sanders, a British actor, had an upper-class English accent that was ideal for sophisticated, villainous characters. Prior to The Jungle Book, Sanders was cast in roles such as Addison DeWitt in All About Eve (1950), Richard the Lionheart in King Richard and the Crusaders (1954), and Mr. Freeze in an episode of the Batman television series (1966).
This was Sanders's last significant role before his death in 1972. Shere Khan's personality and facial expressions were based directly on Sanders, though animator and historian John Canemaker notes that Kahl drafted him to be somewhat of a caricature of himself. Though Sanders could sing–he had sung in several previous productions and even recorded an album–he was unable to sing for the role of Shere Khan. The studio brought in Bill Lee, who had sung in other Disney films, such as Alice in Wonderland (1951), One Hundred and One Dalmatians (1961), and Mary Poppins (1964), to sing in his place. Sound effects artist Jimmy MacDonald, the voice of Mickey Mouse from 1946 to 1977, provided Shere Khan's roars for the film.
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Baloo tucks Mowgli in for the night.
"I'm a bear like you!"
"Hup, two, three, four. Keep it up, two, three, four!"
Mowgli is under Kaa's hypnotic spell.
"Just you wait till I get you in my coils!"
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The introduction of the beloved wooden puppet or the trio between Donald Duck and his friends from South America can make a huge return for Disney's most popular snow queen as she was a little girl, her mother the former queen of Arendelle, or hopefully, for some kind of animation you wanted to see so badly (traditional hand-drawn animation films and the Disney Fairies' Tinker Bell franchise, including the sibling of Disney's most famous fairy with her voice with her name based on a purple flower).
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List of prizes for the introduction of Pinocchio and The Three Caballeros:

The Little Mermaid (November 21, 2018) (featuring Anna and Elsa as eternal children, their immortal parents Agnarr and Iduna, and all of the popular Disney Princesses)
• The Hunchback of Notre Dame (November 21, 2018) (featuring Anna and Elsa as eternal children, their immortal parents Agnarr and Iduna, and all of the popular Disney Princesses)
• Enchanted (November 21, 2018) (featuring Anna and Elsa as eternal children, their immortal parents Agnarr and Iduna, and all of the popular Disney Princesses)
• Eternal Christmas (known for receiving gifts and things everyone wished for, including the Tinker Bell collection and extra scenes featuring Anna and Elsa as eternal children and their immortal parents Agnarr and Iduna for Disneywiz)
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Since Frozen IIThe Little Mermaid, or The Hunchback were out of this because Disneywiz made a wager about either those two films set for the November 2018 release, he has to wish of something different. Next year will be the anniversary of the Walt Disney Company and the anniversary of the debut of Walt Disney's most famous fairy. Peter Pan is not popular at the Academy Awards but it was a box office success. Pinocchio was best at the Academy Awards but it was not successful at the box office since over 75 years since World War II.
Star light, star bright, first star I see tonight, I wish I may, I wish I might, have the wish I make tonight. 
Disneywiz knows what he wished: To make Pinocchio more popular than Frozen or the other new Disney animated blockbuster hits, including Zootopia and Moana.
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"Felicitations to Disneywiz on this Christmas Day, Monday the 25th, from Mr. Reitherman and his fellow pioneers of animation who seven of them had children."
"Which present should I open first?"
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Present #1: The Film Projector

From: Animator: Hal King
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Present #2: Baía

From: Layout artist: Ken Anderson and animators: Fred Moore, John Lounsbery, Les Clark, and Hal King
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Tinker Bell
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Release Date: December 11, 2009 (with The Princess and the Frog)
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Have you ever wondered how nature gets its glow — who gives it light and color as the seasons come and go? Enter a land of adventure and mystery as Tinker Bell and her four best fairy friends turn winter into spring and, with the power of faith, trust and a little bit of pixie dust, learn the importance of being true to yourself.
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Tinker Bell: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
Soundtrack album by various artists
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Released
: July 22, 2013
Recorded: 2008–2009
Genre: Orchestral score, classical
Label: Walt Disney Records
Producer: Joel McNeely
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The score to the film was composed by Joel McNeely (Return to Never Land, other Disney animated sequels), who recorded the music with an 88-piece ensemble of the Hollywood Studio Symphony and Celtic violin soloist Máiréad Nesbitt at the Sony Scoring Stage.
One of Disney's most beloved characters inspires composer to create magical, playful orchestral score replete with yearning ideas for lost collectibles, lyrical melodies for Tinker Bell, musical wisps for Pixie Hollow, much more. Exotic colors abound. It is a score that literally sparkles with delight. Celtic sounds, birds, crickets, drops of water, all are captured in skillful meld of gently dramatic, hauntingly beautiful musical vignettes. Highlights are plentiful but surely deserving spotlight is "Choosing A Talent" with rich major to minor chords that crescendo into powerful, massive orchestra/choral peroration. Breathtaking! Capturing attention in action mode is powerful "Hawk!", with heroic moment for French horn, trumpet. "Sprinting Thistles" commands as well. For sheer exuberant splendor, listen no further than to "Rebuilding Spring". McNeely shines! And yes, you also get that soaring vocal "Fly To Your Heart" as well. Beautifully packaged, illustrated booklet graces the CD from Walt Disney Records. Joel McNeely conducts.
Tracks
  1. Prologue
  2. To the Fairies They Draw Near – Loreena McKennitt
  3. A Child's Laughter / Flight to Pixie Hollow
  4. Choosing a Talent
  5. Tink Tours Pixie Hollow
  6. Welcome to Tinker's Nook
  7. Tinker Bell's New Home
  8. Tink Meets the Other Fairies
  9. The Lost Things Theme
  10. Tink Meets Vidia and Finds Lost Things
  11. Tinkering
  12. Your Place is Here
  13. Making Things
  14. Tink Tries to be a Light Fairy
  15. Teaching a Baby Bird to Fly
  16. Hawk!
  17. Tink Finds the Music Box
  18. Searching for Answers
  19. Sprinting Thistles
  20. Tink Feels Lost
  21. Spring is Ruined
  22. Rebuilding Spring
  23. The Music Box Resorted
  24. To the Fairies They Draw Near, Part II – Loreena McKennitt
  25. Tink Meets Wendy
  26. Fly to Your Heart – Selena Gomez
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Clank and Bobble give Tinker Bell a tour of Pixie Hollow.
Tinker Bell realizes she needs to put her own spin on things, including her clothes.
"Being a Tinker is never a bore!"
Clank and Bobble quickly welcome Tink into the tinkering family.
Fairy Mary is excited to have another tinker around.
Clank and Bobble are off to show the other fairies what new tools they have for spring.
Tinker Bell loves collecting any lost things that come from the mainland.
The Tinker Fairies live and work in this tucked away part of Pixie Hollow.
It doesn't take long for Tink to come up with a good idea.
These fairy friends stick together and help each other reach their dreams.
Iridessa tries showing Tink one of the Light Fairy skills.
This Tinker Fairy is observant of everything that happens in Tinker's Nook.
These best friends embrace their talent and love to tinker.
Tink tries teaching baby birds how to fly while learning Animal Fairy skills.
This mouse, named after his favorite food, is Tink's loyal companion.
This Dust Fairy sees Tink's potential and encourages her to fly after what she loves.
The leader of the fairies is kind and patient even when plans for spring go awry.
This Animal Fairy makes friends with any fuzzy creature she meets.
All it takes is a little faith, trust, and...
Fawn, Rosetta, and Silvermist love to have a good laugh together.
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Robert Sherman, Music
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Annette Funicello, Film & Television
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Norman "Stormy" Palmer, Film
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Ray Bradbury, Film
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Glenn Puder, Nephew
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Mel Shaw, Animation
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Ginny Tyler, Television & Film
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Lucille Martin, Administration
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Raymond Watson, Administration
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The Autumn Treasure
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Release Date: November 24, 2010 (with Tangled)
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This year's Autumn Revelry promises to be something special. A blue harvest moon will rise, allowing the fairies to use a precious moonstone to restore the Pixie Dust Tree — the source of all their magic. But when Tinker Bell accidentally puts all of Pixie Hollow in jeopardy, she must venture out across the sea on a secret quest to set things right.
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The Lost Treasure: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
Soundtrack album by various artists
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Released
: February 2, 2015
Recorded: 2009–2010
Genre: Orchestral score, classical
Label: Walt Disney Records
Producer: Joel McNeely
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The score to the film was composed by Joel McNeely, who scored the first Tinker Bell film. He recorded the music with an 82-piece ensemble of the Hollywood Studio Symphony and Celtic violin soloist Máiréad Nesbitt at the Sony Scoring Stage.
Our second "Disney Fairies" soundtrack release premieres Joel McNeely's sensational orchestral tour-de-force for The Lost Treasure. A song album appeared in 2010 albeit offering none of McNeely's score. New Disney/Intrada co-brand now zeroes in on McNeely's music as well as spotlighting several key songs including wondrous, important "If You Believe". McNeely works with large orchestra, chorus, Celtic violin, ethnic woodwinds, creates richly textured environment for Tinker Bell's second adventure in Pixie Hollow, primarily involving breakage of moonstone that generates their precious pixie dust. Highlights literally abound: haunting, major-key chorus & orchestra envelopes "Hall Of Scepters", rousing, powerful "Tink Sails Away" with surging themes coming to fore, tender Celtic overtones of "Tink Tries For More", dramatic, imposing "The Ship That Sunk", aggressive, fercious "Rat Attack" just a handful. Special attention due magnificent, fanfare-regal "Our Finest Reverly Ever" with its spectacular outbursts for brass as well as oft-requested entire "Fairy Tale Theater" sequence which melds dynamic storytelling with combination of Celtic opening, choral & orchestral development leading to fortissimo minor-key coda for entire ensemble. McNeely provides a stirring, melodically soaring and vibrant score throughout. An hour of musical riches! Joel McNeely conducts.
Tracks
  1. Tapestry
  2. If You Believe – Lisa Kelly
  3. Pixie Dust Factory
  4. Where Are You Off To?
  5. Pixie Dust Express
  6. The Hall of Scepters
  7. Maybe I Can Help
  8. The Fireworks Launcher
  9. The Finishing Touch / I Had a Fight with Tink
  10. Fairy Tale Theatre – Lyria
  11. Tink Sails Away
  12. Tink Tries for More Pixie Dust
  13. I'm On My Own
  14. Sailing Further North
  15. Blaze the Stowaway
  16. I'll Take First Watch
  17. The Lost Island
  18. Tink Finds the Arch
  19. Troll Bridge Toll Bridge
  20. The Ship That Sunk
  21. Searching the Ship
  22. They Find the Mirror of Encanta
  23. I Was Wrong
  24. Rat Attack
  25. I Can't Do This Without You
  26. Presenting the Autumn Scepter
  27. Our Finest Revelry Ever
  28. If You Believe, Part 2 – Lisa Kelly
  29. The Gift of a Friend – Demi Lovato
  30. Where the Sunbeams Play – Méav Ni Mhalchatha
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Tinker Bell puts the finishing touches on the Pixie Dust Express.
A new scepter is created when the end of autumn coincides with the blue harvest moon.
When light passes through this stone, blue pixie dust is created and restores the Pixie Dust Tree.
Fairy Gary and the other Dust Fairies question Terence's friendship with Tink.
Tink and Terence work together to build a scepter for the moonstone.
"Faraway island is close at hand due north past Neverland."
Tink meets firefly Blaze who helps light their journey.
Tinker Bell is off to find the lost island.
Rosetta creates a beautiful flower arrangement for the autumn revelry.
Fawn coordinates these fluttering friends for a special surprise at the autumn revelry.
Tinker Bell makes some new friends who help boost her spirits.
Terence discovers that Tink has gone to find the lost island.
These guardians of the bridge take their job very seriously.
These two want to cross the bridge instead of hearing the bantering trolls go on (and on).
One of the bubble-makers gets stuck inside his own bubble.
"This must be the lost island!"
Tink is looking for a rock arch, not a twisty, branchy, tree arch.
Mr. Owl gives Terence some pretty good advice.
This firefly offers a helping hand, or light, whenever he can.
This mirror has one more wish to grant.
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The Midsummer Rescue
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Release Date: July 15, 2011 (with Winnie the Pooh)
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During the fairies' summer visit to the flowering meadows of England, two very different worlds unite for the first time and Tink develops a special bond with a curious child in need of a friend. As her fellow fairies launch a daring rescue, Tinker Bell takes a huge risk, putting her own safety and the future of all fairykind in jeopardy.
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The Great Fairy Rescue: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
Soundtrack album by various artists
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Released
: February 16, 2015
Recorded: 2010–2011
Genre: Orchestral score, classical
Label: Walt Disney Records
Producer: Joel McNeely
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The score to the film was composed and conducted by Joel McNeely, who scored the first two Tinker Bell films.
Tinker Bell's third installment adventure featuring Joel McNeely music gets premiere CD soundtrack release on Disney/Intrada co-brand! "The majestic countryside of England meets the magical world of Pixie Hollow" is vivid description of score in booklet introduction. As with two previous Tinker Bell scores, McNeely creates magical, magnificent musical portrait of Tink's world of wonder, adventure with full orchestral assist courtesy finest musicians in Los Angeles. Moments of magical melody trade with powerful episodes of action. In between are rich bars of sentiment, warmth, wonder. This time Tinker Bell attends English fairy camp, befriends human child Lizzy, gets trapped in fairy house. Rescue plans are soon underway. McNeely keeps pace with every moment of action and adventure with his array of orchestral color ranging from delicate celeste, flute and shimmering strings to pulse-racing flourishes for his entire orchestra. Dazzling music! Just two of many highlights: Rousing action of "We're Going To Build A Boat", gentle Vaughn Williams-style modality "Tink And Lizzy Meet". Deserving extra spotlight is masterful "Tink Wants To Leave/Lauching The Boat", which melds vernacular of above two highlights in one great sequence. In addition to McNeely score, CD also offers key songs "Summer's Just Begun", "How To Believe", "Come Flying With Me". Third Disney/Intrada co-brand in "Disney Fairies" series. Joel McNeely conducts.
Tracks
  1. Introduction
  2. Summer's Just Begun – Cara Dillion
  3. Fairy Camp!
  4. The Horseless Carriage
  5. Curious Tink
  6. Lizzy Builds Her Fairy House
  7. Tink and Vidia Discover the Fairy House
  8. Tink Is Captured
  9. Trying to Escape
  10. We're Going to Build a Boat
  11. Tink and Lizzy Meet
  12. Tink Wants to Leave / Launching the Boat
  13. How to Believe (Fairy Field Guide) – Holly Brook
  14. Riding the Rapids
  15. I'll Never Forget You
  16. Tink Returns
  17. Fixing Leaks
  18. Father Never Has Time for Me
  19. Lizzy Flies!
  20. Father Discovers Tink / Vidia Is Captured
  21. Flying to London
  22. Race to Save Vidia
  23. Father Believes
  24. A Fairy Tea Party
  25. Summer's Just Begun (Reprise) – Cara Dillion
  26. How to Believe – Bridgit Mendler
  27. Come Flying with Me – Cara Dillion
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This Garden Fairy takes delight in bringing beauty to the world.
All Lizzy wants is to see a fairy so she sets up her fairy house in case one flutters by.
Tinker Bell stumbles across a path of buttons when out exploring.
Lizzy and her father, Dr. Griffiths, observe the fairies' handiwork.
Lizzy creates a welcoming place for traveling fairies to visit.
Tinker Bell takes this as a good sign to keep going.
Tinker Bell realizes there might be a human-sized companion outside.
This Fast-flying Fairy worries where Tink's journey will take her.
Lizzy is anxious to make friends with the fairy inside.
"A fairy could get used to this."
Tink tries teaching Lizzy all about fairies.
Tink makes sure Lizzy takes down all her fairy research correctly.
With a little pixie dust, Lizzy flies around her room.
These two friends get ready to travel to the big city.
The fairies hop a ride with Lizzy to save one of their friends.
Always remember: pinky up.
Lizzy's new fairy friends bring her a beautiful crown of flowers.
Tink and Terence enjoy good company together.
These friends promise to look out for one another.
No matter the weather, Tink's friends are determined to find her.
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Dick Jones, Animation—Voice
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Mickey Clark, Imagineering
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Diane Disney Miller, Family
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Bob Thomas, Publishing
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Milt Albright, Parks & Resorts
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Cicely Rigdon, Parks & Resorts
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Walt Peregoy, Animation
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Robin Williams, Film & Animation—Voice
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Fearing that the success of the first Tinker Bell film was a huge deal that will lead to each sequel they do, which made the franchise cease (which is not a bad thing because it must have gotten the same score as the Academy Award-winning Frozen on Rotten Tomatoes), Disneywiz realizes that seeing Alice (of Wonderland) and explain to her of how Tinker Bell came to be will help her, along with her sister Periwinkle and Anna and Elsa as they were little, feel better, trying to concern future animation and feature films.
"My rumor was that they're never gonna have one of those gosh-darned things. Disney is never going to make any more features that have the same PG rating and success at the Oscars." — Disneywiz, referring to Frozen franchise and the other recent Academy Award related films
The gosh-darned things on the list was:
  • The origins of the developments of the Disney new franchises: Frozen (2013) and Wreck-It Ralph (2012)
  • The Walt Disney Company's acquisitions of Marvel Entertainment in 2009 (which leads to the development of Big Hero 6 (2014)) and Lucasfilm in 2012.
  • Jennifer Lee joining Disney in 2011.
However, this is a better way: After the Disney Fairies film series ended with Legend of the NeverBeast, which is when Gruff goes back to his cave where he belongs; and after the young Anna and Elsa go in separate ways (same thing as Tinker Bell and her sister did) and their parents die at sea, we decided to remain true to the Frozen and Tinker Bell story and begin in the Darling nursery in Peter Pan or begin the other classic Disney films (including Enchanted (2007) and the Renaissance films from Mickey's PhilharMagic) instead of beginning in Elsa's coronation day.
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"We ought get right into the story itself, which is when Tinker Bell (Anna/Elsa as they were children or teenagers) comes to the house with Peter Pan to get his shadow. That's where the story picks up. How Tinker Bell came to be, is really another story." — Disneywiz
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Liverpudlian Buzzards (01:01:10–01:13:00)
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(01:04:25–01:06:32)
After escaping the coils of Kaa for the second time, Mowgli settles on a rock in a deserted part of the jungle where a group of shaggy-haired Liverpudlian vultures pester him. Mowgli walks off, visibly upset, while the vultures sing a song in an attempt to entice him to join them as an honorary vulture. Shere Khan emerges, and Mowgli stands his ground against the tiger as he attacks. Baloo appears and grabs hold of the tiger's tail to give Mowgli, now assisted by the vultures, a chance to escape. A chase ensues. Lightning strikes a tree and sets it ablaze just in time for Mowgli to grab the one thing Shere Khan is afraid of–fire. Mowgli ties a flaming branch to the end of Shere Khan's tail, and the tiger escapes into the jungle. Baloo lies unconscious from the attack, prompting a tearful eulogy from Bagheera, until he finally wakes up–much to the surprise of Mowgli and Bagheera.
The vultures were almost entirely new characters created for the Disney film. While vultures do make a brief appearance in Kipling's stories, they mostly feed on animal carcasses. Consistent with the lighter tone of his version of the story, Walt Disney wanted the vultures to be silly and fun. During the production of the film, Beatlemania was in full swing. Walt originally considered having the Beatles–or a Beatles-like group–voice the vultures and perform songs for The Jungle Book, but the idea was ultimately abandoned. Milt Kahl, Eric Larson, and John Lounsbery worked on the animation of the vultures, who retained their original Beatles-inspired mop-top design and vocal accents.
The group of vultures were originally intended to sing a rock-and-roll rendition of "That's What Friends Are For"–initially called "We're Your Friends"–but Walt concluded that a contemporary rock song would give the film a short shelf life. The Sherman brothers instead turned the vultures into a barbershop quartet while still paying homage to the British Invasion, later noting that "Walt thought that was a very funny idea and went for it in a big way." Buzzie, the leader of the vultures, was voiced by J. Pat O'Malley, who also voiced Colonel Hathi. True to their personalities, Flaps was voiced by English musician Chad Stuart of the folk-rock duo Chad & Jeremy, Ziggy was voiced by English actor Digby Wolfe, and Dizzy was voiced by Lord Tim Hudson, an Englishman who made a name for himself as a DJ in Canada and the United States.
Shere Khan perishes in a stampede of buffalo in Kipling's story "Tiger! Tiger!" but flees into the jungle in the Disney film. For the end of the scene following the defeat of Shere Khan, director Woolie Reitherman recalled that it was a Disney story invention to have everyone believe that Baloo had been killed. He said, "Not only does Mowgli think he is killed, but so does the panther. Then, Bagheera eulogizes his dead companion, but then the dead companion wakes up and wants more and more of the eulogy." Frank Thomas and Ollie Johnston once again took special care to articulate the friendship of Baloo and Bagheera based on their own closeness, and sadness quickly turns to happiness as it is revealed that Baloo has survived.
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"You don't scare me. I won't run from anyone."
"Now, I'm going to close my eyes and count to ten. It makes the chase more interesting... for me."
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Present #3: La Piñata
 
From: Animators: Eric Larson, Fred Moore, John Lounsbery, and John Sibley
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My Own Home (01:13:01–01:16:53)
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(01:13:24–01:16:50)
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(01:16:51–01:17:40)
With the threat of Shere Khan removed, the unlikely trio of Mowgli, Bagheera, and Baloo set off merrily into the jungle. Hearing singing in the distance, Mowgli pecks over the brush to find a girl fetching water to bring back to the Man-village. Intrigued, Mowgli moves closer to get a better look, as he has never seen another human. The girl charms Mowgli into joining her at the Man-village despite Baloo's initial apprehension. Comforted knowing that Mowgli is now safe with his own kind, Bagheera and Baloo cheerfully dance off into the jungle together: "Well, come on, Baggy, buddy, let's get back to where we belong."
Through most of production, the animators had no idea how the film was going to end, as they had each been focusing on developing specific sequences and gags. They knew that Mowgli would make it back to the Man-village one way or another but could not fathom why he would give up on his dreams of staying in the jungle with his friends. Walt brought the team together and suggested that Mowgli would be enticed to join the Man-village by a young girl around his age. Walt's suggestion was initially not well received by the animators, as they believed Mowgli was too young to show any interest in a girl, so the ending would not be believable or true to his character. Despite their doubts, Walt knew this was how he needed the film to end. According to Woolie Reitherman, "Walt liked people around him that were willing to try and dare, even though they didn't know quite where they were going or why."
Kipling's stories do not feature a young girl, but rather an adult woman named Messua, who is Mowgli's adoptive mother. Ollie Johnston, who was tasked with animating the girl in the sequence, felt that the ending was a clumsy afterthought at first. However, the more he worked on it, the more he saw the scene come to life, thanks to the endearing and natural innocence of the characters. Animator and Disney Legend Floyd Norman, who worked with Larry Clemmons on the story for the film, reflected on the ending and the interaction between Mowgli and the girl: "You never think of Mowgli being a kid. He sees the girl. The girl is enticing. And he follows her. Maybe it's just curiosity. He had never seen a girl before. It's charming. It's cute, and it's our ending. Your solutions to problems in films sometimes are very simple. It was a simple solution that we thought was to a complex problem."
Once Walt decided on a rough conclusion to the film, the Sherman brothers wrote the haunting ballad for the girl, titled "My Own Home." Child actor and singer Darleen Carr; who had already starred in a number of television shows, was at the studio filming Monkeys, Go Home! (1967) while The Jungle Book (1967) was in production. Carr was asked to record a demo of "My Own Home," and Walt, impressed, cast her in the role. The Sherman brothers incorporated the melody of the song into the film in such a way that it became the main theme throughout, beginning with the wolves finding baby Mowgli in a basket.
Once Johnston had finished a few scenes for the final sequence of the film, he brought them to Walt's office for review and inadvertently walked into a disagreement between Walt and Milt Kahl about whether or not tigers could climb trees: Kahl thought they could not, and Walt thought they could. Johnston initially feared that Walt would be too worked up to be receptive to the tender mood of his scene, but he was relieved when Walt ultimately gave it his stamp of approval. Johnston later told Deja, "Incidentally, Milt happened to be right: Tigers do not climb trees." (In fact, tigers can climb trees, but they seldom do so after they have reached adulthood.)
Throughout the development of the film, Walt reiterated how he wanted the team to focus on the characters while he focused on the story. Because he was being pulled in many directions by a number of key projects at the time, some doubted his ability to successfully give The Jungle Book his full attention and see the storyline through to the end. However, the film's creative team trusted Walt to lead them in the right direction. The film's overall story outline proved once again that Walt was one of the greatest storytellers of all time. The Sherman brothers noted, "He was on top of every sequence of every animated movie that was ever made under his name. And he would constantly make them better."
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Mowgli is intrigued by a girl he spots from the man-village.
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Disneywiz's surprise gift

To: The fan of Walt Disney's most popular fairy with her voice and sibling in Pixie Hollow with her name based on a purple flower and Arendelle's enchanted sisters as they were juniors
From: The Academy Award team behind ZootopiaMoana and Lilo & Stitch: Clark Spencer, Don Hall, Byron Howard, the voice actor behind Oaken in Frozen: Chris Williams, the directing team that made The Little MermaidAladdin, and The Princess and the Frog: Ron Clements and John Musker, the group of animators — some of them who worked with the Nine Old Men (Mark Henn, Randy Haycock, Andreas Deja, Bruce W. Smith, Eric Goldberg, Dale Baer, and story supervisor Burny Mattinson), the most of the crew (some of the surviving cast members and Disney Legends) who worked on Walt's last picture and the film produced without Walt: actors Darleen Carr, Bruce Reitherman, and Lord Tim Hudson; Winnie the Pooh's voice actor Sterling Holloway; director and producer: Woolie Reitherman; co-producer Winston Hibler; animators: Milt Kahl, Frank Thomas, Ollie Johnston, John Lounsbery, Hal King, and Eric Larson; writers: Larry Clemmons, Ralph Wright (the voice of Eeyore), Ken Anderson, and Vance Gerry; background stylist: Al Dempster; story artist: Floyd Norman, composer George Bruns, the Sherman brothers, and especially, two fathers of Walt Disney's most popular icons: Marc Davis (Tinker Bell) and Ward Kimball (Jiminy Cricket).
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Frozen II
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Rating: G (originally planned); PG
Runtime: 1h 44min
Release Date: November 21, 2018 (originally planned); November 22, 2019
Genre: Action-Adventure, Animation, Family, Fantasy, Musical
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During the fairies' summer visit to the flowering meadows of England, two very different worlds unite for the first time and Tink develops a special bond with a curious child in need of a friend. Why was Elsa born with magical powers? What truths about the past await Elsa as she ventures into the unknown to the enchanted forests and dark seas beyond Arendelle? The answers are calling her but also threatening her kingdom. Together with Anna, Kristoff, Olaf and Sven, she'll face a dangerous but remarkable journey. As her fellow fairies launch a daring rescue, Tinker Bell takes a huge risk, putting her own safety and the future of all fairykind in jeopardy. In "Frozen," Elsa feared her powers were too much for the world. In "Frozen II," she must hope they are enough.
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Cast
Kristen Bell (Anna), Mae Whitman (Tinker Bell), Idina Menzel (Elsa), Lauren Mote (Lizzy), Josh Gad (Olaf), Jonathan Groff (Kristoff), Sterling K. Brown (Mattias), Michael Sheen (Dr. Griffiths), Pamela Adlon (Vidia)Lucy Liu (Silvermist), Raven-Symoné (Iridessa), Megan Hilty (Rosetta), Angela Bartys (Fawn)Rob Paulsen (Bobble), Jeff Bennett (Clank, Driver), Evan Rachel Wood (Iduna), Alfred Molina (Agnarr), Martha Plimpton (Yelena), Jason Ritter (Ryder), Rachel Matthews (Honeymaren), Jeremy Sisto (King Runeard), Ciarán Hinds (Pabbie), Alan Tudyk (Guard, Northuldra Leader, Arendellian Soldier, Duke of Weselton), Jesse McCartney (Terence), Hadley Gannaway (Young Anna), Mattea Conforti (Young Elsa), Cara Dillion (Prologue Narrator), Faith Prince (Mrs. Perkins), Aurora (The Voice). Prologue Voices: Lucy Hale (Periwinkle), Timothy Dalton (Lord Milori), Jeff Bennett (Dewey), Matt Lanter (Sled), Debby Ryan (Spike), Grey DeLisle (Gliss), Jane Horrocks (Fairy Mary), Jodi Benson (Healing Fairy), Kari Wahlgren (Receptionist), Thomas Lennon (Reading Fairy), Benjamin Diskin (Glacier Fairy), Anjelica Huston (Queen Clarion). Princesses: Irene Bedard (Pocahontas), Jodi Benson (Ariel), Auli'i Cravalho (Moana), Jennifer Hale (Cinderella), Kate Higgins (Aurora), Linda Larkin (Jasmine), Kelly Macdonald (Merida), Mandy Moore (Rapunzel), Paige O'Hara (Belle), Pamela Ribon (Snow White), Anika Noni Rose (Tiana), Ming-Na Wen (Mulan). Ahtohallan Voices: Santino Fontana (Hans), Livvy Stubenrauch (Young Anna), Eva Bella (Young Elsa). Additional Voices: Maia Wilson (Bulda), Stephen J. Anderson (Kai), Paul Briggs (Marshmallow), Jackson Stein (Young Agnarr), Delaney Rose Stein (Young Iduna), Halima V. Hudson (Halima), Isabella Acres, Stephen Apostolina, Kimberly Bailey, Bob Bergen, David Boat, June Christopher, Antonio Corbo, David Cowgill, Wendy Cutler, Hudson D'Andrea, Grey DeLisle, Jessica DiCicco, Terri Douglas, Robin Atkin Downes, Nick Fisher, Jackie Gonneau, Franck Gourlat, Daniel Kaz, Phil LaMarr, Arnaud Leonard, Mimi Maynard, Scott Menville, Melanie Minichino, Max Mittelman, Matt Nolan, Capri Oliver, Arthur Ortiz, Paul Pape, Michael Ralph, Kai Robinson, Lynwood Robinson, Maddix Robinson, Kaitlyn Robrock, Violet Schaffer, Pepper Sweeney, Fred Tatasciore, Jean-Alain Velardo, Kari Wahlgren, Matthew Wood.
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Crew
Directed By: Chris Buck, Jennifer Lee
Written By: Jennifer Lee
Produced By: Peter Del Vecho
Music: Christophe Beck
Songs By: Kristen Anderson-Lopez, Robert Lopez
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"Over the past decade, Disney Feature Animation has cultivated the art of the animated feature to a new status of popularity and artistic achievement, a status not seen since these classic films created under the supervision of Walt Disney himself. Timeless tales, beloved characters and dazzling music have been brought to life by a dedicated group of artists, who have truly created a renaissance of the animated art form. And all of this is made possible by one little mermaid. Come along with us somewhere under the sea and beyond your imagination for underneath the waves and behind-the-scenes of the creation of a modern Disney classic."
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Under the Sea: The Making of Disney's Masterpiece 'The Little Mermaid'
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"The story of Disney's animated triumph, The Little Mermaid, actually begins in 1937 as Walt Disney created the animated feature."
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Leonard Maltin — Film Historian
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"After Walt Disney's death in 1966, interest in the animated feature as an art form began to wane. But in the mid-1980s, Roy Edward Disney, Walt Disney's nephew and vice chairman of The Walt Disney Company, took on the challenge of reviving interest in the animated feature at the Disney studio."
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Roy E. Disney — Vice Chairman of the Board, The Walt Disney Company
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Roy E. Disney (1930–2009), Film, Animation & Administration (1998)
If the Walt Disney Studios were to have a real-life Jiminy Cricket, it would have to have been former vice chairman Roy Edward Disney, son of Roy O. Disney and nephew of Walt Disney. Besides being its conscience, Roy has also been called the "soul of the Company;" he often looked to its past to define its future.
Roy once said, "The thing that distinguishes us from everybody else, and always has and always will, is our past. The goal is to look over our shoulder and see Snow White and Pinocchio and Dumbo standing there, saying, 'Be this good.' We shouldn't be intimidated by them; they're an arrow pointing someplace."
Born in Los Angeles on January 10, 1930, Roy practically grew up at the Studio. His father managed the Company's business affairs, while his uncle inspired artists to create magical animated worlds for movie screens. Roy was there when Snow White and Pinocchio were born and once recalled:
"The animators used to test stuff out on me. They'd say, 'Come on in and watch this and see if you think it's funny.'"
In 1951, Roy graduated with a bachelor's degree in English from Southern California's Pomona College. He soon launched his entertainment career as an assistant film editor on the television series Dragnet, starring Jack Webb. He joined The Walt Disney Studios in 1954, working as an assistant editor on the successful True-Life Adventures films. These included The Living Desert and The Vanishing Prairie, both of which won Academy Awards®. He later wrote and co-produced Mysteries of the Deep, which won an Oscar® nomination in 1959.
Roy also wrote for television series, including Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color and the popular Zorro, starring Guy Williams. Then, in 1964, he formed his own production unit to write, produce, and direct some 35 television and theatrical productions including Varda, the Peregrine FalconThe Owl That Didn't Give a Hoot, and Pancho, the Fastest Paw in the West. He joined the Company's Board of Directors in 1967.
After 23 years, Roy left the Studio in 1977 to become an independent producer and investor. He returned seven years later to serve as the Company's vice chairman and head of the animation department. Subsequently, Disney animation produced some of its greatest box office successes of all time, including The Little MermaidBeauty and the Beast, and The Lion King.
Roy achieved a long-time dream when he revived one of his uncle's most colorful visions with Fantasia 2000. A continuation of Walt Disney's 1940 classic Fantasia, which combined classical music with original animation, Fantasia 2000 rang in a new millennium on January 1, 2000, at IMAX theaters across the country.
Roy also spearheaded the effort to complete Destino, the surrealistic cartoon envisioned by Salvador Dali and Walt, but subsequently shelved. The film appeared in 2003.
After another brief time away from the Company, Roy returned as a consultant and Director Emeritus in 2005. He was also a trustee at the California Institute of the Arts, and an avid sailor; he smashed several speed records and participated in more than a dozen Transpacific Yacht Races in a series of ships named Pyewacket. Roy also produced a number of documentaries about sailing, including 2008's Morning Light.
Roy passed away on December 16, 2009. In 2010, the feature animation building at The Walt Disney Studios was re-dedicated as the "Roy E. Disney Animation Building," paying tribute to Roy's efforts to revitalize the art form. The 2009 documentary Waking Sleeping Beauty was also dedicated in his honor.
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"In the mid-1800s, Danish writer Hans Christian Andersen wrote a story about a shy little mermaid, who falls in love with a handsome prince and sacrifices her life out of her love for him."
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Ron Clements — Writer/Director
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"Given the go-ahead to expand the two-page screen treatment, Ron Clements brought in his Great Mouse Detective colleague John Musker. Together, the two set out to adapt the Andersen tale into a Disney feature."
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John Musker — Writer/Director
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"One of the challenges that Musker and Clements faced was that The Little Mermaid was a fairy tale, and although Disney is famous for fairy tales, there hadn't been a Disney film based on one since Sleeping Beauty in 1959. In fact, The Little Mermaid would be only the fourth Disney animated feature based on a fairy tale. This return to the fairy tale, however, was much of the reason for the final success of The Little Mermaid; another was its rediscovery of the movie musical brought to the project by composer Alan Menken and his creative partner; the late Howard Ashman."
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Peter Schneider — President, Walt Disney Feature Animation
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Alan Menken — Composer
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Alan Menken, Music (2001)
Among Disney's most prolific composers, eight-time Academy Award® winner Alan Menken writes from his soul. Whether it be "A Whole New World," co-written with Tim Rice for Aladdin, or "Colors of the Wind," co-written with Stephen Schwartz for Pocahontas, Alan's songs speak directly to the hearts of Disney fans and music lovers alike.
He once explained, "Songs are a very familiar vocabulary to people and I've always believed that you should be able to understand not only the feeling, but the content of the song, by just hearing the music and not even the lyrics. What you're trying to say should be that clear."
Born July 22, 1949, and raised in New Rochelle, New York, Alan was more interested in creating his own tunes as a child than practicing the songs assigned to him by his piano and violin teachers. He later enrolled at New York University as a pre-med student, but ultimately graduated with a degree in music in 1971.
Soon after, Alan joined a theater workshop run by Broadway conductor Lehman Engel, where he met fellow Legend Howard Ashman. In 1987, after the success of their second collaboration, a campy adaptation of Roger Corman's 1960 cult film Little Shop of Horrors, he and Ashman joined Disney to write songs for The Little Mermaid. The film won Alan his first two Oscars® for Best Song, "Under the Sea," and Best Music, Original Score. Three years later, his contributions to Beauty and the Beast earned him two more Academy Awards for the film's title song, as well as Best Music, Original Score.
The musical team was working on Aladdin at the time of Ashman's untimely death in 1991. Subsequently, Alan went on to collaborate with lyricist Tim Rice on the Oscar-winning "A Whole New World" and took home an additional Academy Award for the film's original score. In 1996, Alan won his seventh and eighth Oscars for Disney's Pocahontas in the categories of Best Music, Song ("Colors of the Wind") and Best Music, Original Musical or Comedy Score.
Alan went on to earn additional Oscar nominations for his work on Disney's The Hunchback of Notre DameHerculesEnchanted, and Tangled. Other works include scores for the 2004 animated feature Home on the Range and the 2006 live-action comedy The Shaggy Dog. He also scored the 1992 Disney live-action musical Newsies, followed by Hollywood Pictures' Life with Mikey, starring Michael J. Fox. His small screen contributions include direct-to-video films, including The Little Mermaid II: Return to the Sea.
In 1994, Alan helped translate Beauty and the Beast to the Broadway stage; by the time the show closed in 2007 it had become the eighth-longest-running musical in Broadway history. In 1997, he and Rice wrote music for Disney's stage production King David. Other Disney stage works include an adaptation of The Hunchback of Notre Dame, which premiered in Germany in 1999; the Tony®-nominated The Little Mermaid, which came to Broadway in 2008; and the Tony-winning film adaptation Newsies The Musical, which debuted on Broadway in 2012. He provided music for the Tony-nominated Sister Act, based on the 1992 Touchstone film. Alan has also developed a stage adaptation of the 1992 animated hit, Aladdin.
Several of the Disney theme parks feature shows and attractions based on animated classics which include Alan's songs. For Tokyo DisneySea he wrote an original song, "Compass of Your Heart," for Sindbad's Storybook Voyage, as well as an unproduced stage musical based on the story of The Snow Queen.
Outside Disney, Alan has contributed to a variety of esteemed projects including the original score for the 1992 television documentary Lincoln, as well as the Rocky V song titled "The Measure of a Man." Among Alan's non-Disney stage work are the original score for the off-Broadway Weird Romance in 1992 and A Christmas Carol in 1994.
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Howard Ashman (1950–1991), Music (2001)
Producer and lyricist Howard Ashman made a huge splash in the world of Disney animation in 1989 with The Little Mermaid, which he co-produced with John Musker. His song "Under the Sea," co-written with composer Alan Menken, won an Oscar® that year for Best Song. In the infectious Calypso-flavored piece, Sebastian the Crab advises lovelorn mermaid Ariel to stay home because the seaweed isn't necessarily greener "in somebody else's lake."
"Howard's lyrics," as Menken later recalled, "would wink at the adults and say something to the kids at exactly the same time."
Born in Baltimore, Maryland, on May 17, 1950, the successful lyricist, librettist, playwright, and director received his MFA from Indiana University. In 1974, he moved to New York and became an editor at Grosset & Dunlap, while writing plays including Dreamstuff, a musical version of Shakespeare's The Tempest, which marked the beginning of his association with the off-off-Broadway WPA Theatre in 1977. While at Grosset & Dunlap, he also compiled The New Mickey Mouse Club Book for Disney .
Two years later, Howard teamed with Menken for the first time, creating a musical version of Kurt Vonnegut's God Bless You, Mr. Rosewater. They went on to write the musical version of Roger Corman's 1960 cult film Little Shop of Horrors and won critical raves and awards including the New York Drama Critics Circle Award for Best Musical of 1982-83. The offbeat show was transformed into a motion picture by Frank Oz in 1986, subsequently winning the musical duo their first Academy Award® nominations.
That same year, Howard penned the wistful ballad "Disneyland" for the Broadway production of Smile, written with Marvin Hamlisch, depicting utopia as a Disney theme park. He soon after signed a contract with The Walt Disney Company to write lyrics and dialogue for its animated features.
Whether Howard envisioned a hip genie performing the Oscar®-nominated "Friend Like Me" with Cab Calloway flamboyance in Aladdin, or an anthropomorphic candlestick oozing with Maurice Chevalier charm while singing the Oscar-nominated "Be Our Guest" in Beauty and the Beast, he imbued Disney characters with his own sense of emotional realism.
Howard Ashman passed away in New York City on March 14, 1991, prior to the release of Beauty and the Beast. That film, which he executive produced, was the first animated movie ever nominated for an Academy Award for Best Motion Picture. Its title song won the songwriters yet another Oscar. Upon its release, the film was dedicated to Howard, "who gave a mermaid her voice and a beast his soul." Howard earned a posthumous Oscar nomination in 1993 for "Friend Like Me," which he had co-written for Aladdin prior to his death.
In 1994, Beauty and the Beast moved to the New York stage; when it closed in 2007 after 5,464 performances, it had become the 8th longest-running musical in Broadway history. The production featured "Human Again," a chorus number by Howard and Menken that was storyboarded for the animated motion picture but never completed. The nearly 10-minute sequence was later animated and added to Beauty and the Beast for an IMAX re-release on January 1, 2002.
The 2009 documentary Waking Sleeping Beauty, which tells of the animation renaissance that Howard helped usher in at The Walt Disney Studios, is dedicated in part to his memory.
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Glen Keane — Directing Animator
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"Glen Keane, along with Mark Henn would animate the little mermaid, Ariel. But for Keane, securing the assignment wasn't easy."
"Veteran Broadway performer Jodi Benson was cast as the voice of Ariel."
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Mark Henn — Directing Animator
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Jodi Benson — Voice of "Ariel"
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"Musker and Clements also define a strong personality for Ariel's father, the Sea King, whom they named King Triton."
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Andreas Deja — Directing Animator
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"The sea witch, unnamed in Andersen's story, was developed by Musker and Clements into a central villain. They named her Ursula and gave her the slinky glide of an octopus."
"Ursula eventually slithered to life under the pencil of animators Rob Minkoff and Ruben Aquino."
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Ruben Aquino — Directing Animator
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"Actress and comedian Pat Carroll provided the voice of Ursula."
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Pat Carroll — Voice of "Ursula"
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"New personalities, not present in the Andersen fairy tale were also created to support the main characters."
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Samuel E. Wright — Voice of "Sebastian"
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"Every shell, bubble and wave of the watery world these characters would inhabit had to be designed. Concept artists from the Disney team, as well as top contemporary storybook illustrators, led their talents to creating this underwater environment. The animators even turned back to Disney's 1939 classic Pinocchio for its spectacular underwater sequence."
"It was also during this production period that veteran story man Vance Gerry made the filmmakers aware of a treasure trove of inspirational sketches, preserved in the Walt Disney archives. This art had originally been created for a version of The Little Mermaid, planned by Walt Disney almost 50 years before. With these many inspirations, the art directors began experimenting with layout, backgrounds and color to strengthen their support of the story."
"For the colors of the characters, great care had to be taken to compensate for changing environments and life. There were 32 color models for Ariel alone. The Disney paint lab even invented a new color, appropriately named Ariel for the blue-green color of her fin. Over the three years of production, The Little Mermaid drew on the talents of more than 400 artists and technicians. In the end, almost 150,000 painted cels and 1,100 backgrounds, using more than 1,000 different colors went into the making of the 7,000 feet of finished film."
"The Little Mermaid premiered in November 1989. It was acclaimed by the press and the public and set the box office record for the first release of an animated feature. On Oscar night 1990, The Little Mermaid swam away with two Academy Awards: Best Song 'Under the Sea' and Best Original Score."
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Frozen II: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
Soundtrack album by various artists
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Released
: November 21, 2018 (original); February 26, 2019
Recorded: 2018 (original); 2019
Genre: Orchestral score
Label: Walt Disney Records
Producer: Robert Lopez • Kristen Anderson-Lopez • David Metzger • Christophe Beck • The PhilharMagic Orchestra
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The songs and score for the film was composed by the husband-and-wife songwriting team of Robert Lopez and Kristen Anderson-Lopez (Winnie the PoohCoco) and Christophe Beck (The Muppets). The Lopezes in the PhilharMagic Orchestra replaced and conduct Joel McNeely's score suites from the previous Disney Fairies-themed films due to his work of Tinker Bell's NeverZootropolis Legend.
Tinker Bell and the Disney Fairies is one of the most popular animated franchises of all-time with global earnings of 2.8 billion dollars over the first six films. Each successive film has been bigger than the previous!
In March 2017 (to honor the fact of the unreleased Tinker Bell's Wintry Secret soundtrack), Kristen Anderson-Lopez revealed in an interview that she and her husband, Robert Lopez, would return from the film Frozen & Muppets & Fairies' Wintry Secret to write new songs for its sequel Frozen II & Tinker Bell Ever After, having already recorded a song for the sequel with star Kristen Bell. On August 13, 2018, star Josh Gad said that the songs in the sequel will be "even better" and "even catchier" than the first film's. In August 2018, it was revealed that there would be seven new songs. The complete tracklist was revealed on September 30, along with the announcement of pre-orders; the soundtrack was released by Walt Disney Records on November 21 (the same day as the film's release).
Co-director Jennifer Lee said that "the songs and score of Frozen II & Tinker Bell Ever After reflect the growth of the characters and the deepening of their story" and called the songs "emotional, personal yet powerful, intimate but also epic", while co-director Chris Buck said that "[t]he music of the Lopezes and [composer] Christophe Beck are part of the DNA of Frozen. We couldn’t imagine building Frozen II & Tinker Bell Ever After without them. They bring such a rich, emotional understanding of the world and characters, and through their incredible music we have been able to really deepen and expand the story". The song "Into the Unknown", sung by Idina Menzel as Elsa with additional vocals by Norwegian recording artist Aurora, has been called the successor of "Let It Go". Anderson-Lopez said that "[f]rom the beginning of [her and Lopez's] collaboration with Jennifer Lee, Chris Buck and Peter Del Vecho, everything [they had] created has come from big questions — what is the story that we all as artists, individually and collectively, need to tell?" Anderson-Lopez also said that she and Lopez "approach the story through the lens of which moments of [their] story lead to big emotions — feelings so strong [the] characters can no longer talk but need to sing". Lopez said that "[his and Anderson-Lopez's] tradition of songwriting comes from the world of musical theater, where songs must always forward the story in a fresh and surprising way. Every song has to take a character on a journey". Lopez further explained: "All the songs are thematically linked to this idea of change, and also the idea of the journey, getting lost before you can really be found." According to Anderson-Lopez, the theme of a journey was a very "meta story" for them, because it was not always clear along the way how all the songs would fit together in the final version of the film. They kept telling themselves, "This is all going to make sense in six months. This is all going to make sense by the time this movie opens."
Composer Christophe Beck, who previously scored the first film, returned for the sequel, with his score drawing elements from Lopez and Anderson-Lopez's songs. As with the first film, Beck used Norwegian elements for the sequel's score, as well as featuring the Norwegian female choir Cantus, with Beck stating that it gives the score a "magical" setting, yet still being "rooted in real tradition". Beck said that the film's score reflects the character's growth since the original film, stating that "[s]imilar to how Elsa and Anna have grown up since the last film, the new score has also matured and introduces more sophisticated musical concepts and thematic elements". Beck also said that he wanted the sequel's score to reflect the film's "complex and intense" emotional story, while commenting that he enjoyed "exploring extreme dynamic contrasts, harmonic complexity, intricate textures with vibrant colors, and hugely expressive melodic moments".
Tinker Bell's final installment adventure in the Disney Fairies revival series featuring the PhilharMagic Orchestra music gets premiere release! "The majestic countryside of England meets the magical world of Pixie Hollow" is vivid description of score in booklet introduction by directors Jennifer Lee and Chris Buck. As with the previous Tinker Bell score in the PhilharMagic Orchestra, the Lopezes creates magical, magnificent musical portrait of Tink's world of wonder, adventure with full orchestral assist courtney finest musicians in Los Angeles. Moments of magical melody trade with powerful episodes of action. In between are rich bars of sentiment, warmth, wonder. This time Tinker Bell attends English fairy camp, befriends human child Lizzy, gets trapped in fairy house. Rescue plans are soon underway. The PhilharMagic Orchestra keeps pace with every moment of action and adventure with his array of orchestral color ranging from delicate celeste, flute and shimmering strings to pulse-racing flurishes for his entire orchestra. Dazzling music! Just two of many highlights: Rousing action of "We're Going To Build A Boat", gentle Vaughn Williams-style modality "Tink And Lizzy Meet". Deserving extra spotlight is masterful "Tink Wants To Leave/Lauching The Boat", which melds vernacular of above two highlights in one great sequence. In addition to the PhilharMagic Orchestra score, premiere also offers key songs "Summer's Just Begun", "How To Believe", "Come Flying With Me".

Tracks

  1. Introduction
  2. The Northuldra
  3. All is Found – Evan Rachel Wood
  4. Frozen Heart – The cast of Frozen II
  5. Elsa & Anna
  6. The Trolls
  7. Do You Want to Build a Snowman? – Kristen BellKatie Lopez, and Agatha Lee Monn
  8. Summer's Just Begun – Cara Dillion
  9. Fairy Camp!
  10. Some Things Never Change – Kristen BellIdina MenzelJosh GadJonathan Groff, and the cast of Frozen II
  11. The Horseless Carriage
  12. Curious Tink
  13. Sisters
  14. Lizzy Builds Her Fairy House
  15. Tink and Vidia Discover the Fairy House
  16. Into the Unknown – Idina Menzel & Aurora
  17. Exodus
  18. Tink Is Captured
  19. Trying to Escape
  20. We're Going to Build a Boat
  21. The Mist
  22. Tink and Lizzy Meet
  23. Tink Wants to Leave
  24. When I Am Older – Josh Gad
  25. Wind
  26. Iduna's Scarf (featuring Cast of Frozen II)
  27. Fire and Ice
  28. Launching the Boat
  29. How to Believe (Fairy Field Guide) – Holly Brook
  30. Riding the Rapids
  31. Earth Giants
  32. Reindeers Are Better Than People (cont.) – Jonathan Groff
  33. Lost in the Woods – Jonathan Groff
  34. I'll Never Forget You
  35. Tink Returns
  36. Fixing Leaks
  37. The Ship
  38. River Slide
  39. Father Never Has Time for Me
  40. Dark Sea
  41. Show Yourself – Idina Menzel & Evan Rachel Wood
  42. Lizzy Flies!
  43. Ghosts of Arendelle Past
  44. Father Discovers Tink / Vidia Is Captured
  45. Gone Too Far
  46. The Next Right Thing – Kristen Bell
  47. Rude Awakening
  48. The Flood
  49. Reindeer Circle (featuring Cantus)
  50. Reunion
  51. A Fairy Tea Party / Epilogue
  52. Summer's Just Begun (Reprise) – Cara Dillion
  53. How to Believe – Bridgit Mendler
  54. Come Flying with Me – Cara Dillion
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The Little Mermaid: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
Soundtrack album by various artists
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Released: October 19, 1989 (original release); October 24, 1991 (re-release); October 14, 1997 (re-release); October 31, 2000 (Special Edition Double Pack); October 3, 2006 (2-Disc Special Edition); November 24, 2014 (Legacy Collection)
Recorded: 1988–1989
Genre: Broadway musical-style soundtrack, film score, classical music, calypso
Label: Walt Disney
Producer: Alan Menken, Howard Ashman, Robert Kraft
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The Little Mermaid: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the soundtrack to the 1989 Disney animated feature film, The Little Mermaid. It contains the songs from the film written by Alan Menken and Howard Ashman, as well as the film's score composed by Alan Menken. The score was orchestrated by Thomas Pasatieri. The album has achieved multi-platinum sales and won the Grammy Award for Best Recording for Children. The album includes recordings of the music that won the Grammy for Best Instrumental Composition Written for a Motion Picture or for Television ("Under the Sea"), the Academy Awards for Best Original Score and Best Original Song ("Under the Sea") and the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score.
The soundtrack was first released by Walt Disney Records on October 19, 1989, on both CD and cassette tape. The album was also included in a four-disc box set entitled The Music Behind the Magic: The Musical Artistry of Alan Menken, Howard Ashman & Tim Rice, which was released on November 22, 1994. The box set included work tapes and demos intertwined into the finished original soundtrack. The soundtrack (without the demos and work tapes) was re-released with different artwork, on October 14, 1997, and it was released internationally on October 31, 2000, in a double pack with The Little Mermaid II soundtrack. On October 3, 2006, a new two-disc special edition version of the soundtrack was released to correspond with the two-disc Platinum Edition DVD release of The Little Mermaid. The first disc remains identical to the original release, yet with remastered audio while the newly added second disc is composed of various newly recorded versions of the film's songs by different artists, such as Ashley Tisdale, Raven-Symoné, The Jonas Brothers, and Jessica Simpson. It also included two music videos, as well as new cover art. The Legacy Collection: The Little Mermaid was released as a two-disc album on November 24, 2014, to coincide with the film's twenty-fifth anniversary.

Tracks
  1. Fathoms Below — Ship's Chorus
  2. Main Titles
  3. Fanfare
  4. Daughters of Triton — Kimmy Robertson
  5. Intro Ariel
  6. Intro Ursula
  7. Triton Reprimands
  8. Sebastian's Dilemma
  9. Part of Your World — Jodi Benson
  10. Fireworks
  11. The Storm
  12. Part of Your World (Reprise) / Ursula Plots — Jodi Benson
  13. Ariel in Love
  14. Under the Sea — Samuel E. Wright
  15. Sebastian and Triton
  16. Destroying the Grotto
  17. Flotsam and Jetsam
  18. Ursula's Lair
  19. Poor Unfortunate Souls — Pat Carroll
  20. She's Got Legs
  21. Sebastian Relents
  22. On Land
  23. Miss Manners
  24. Les Poissons — René Auberjonois
  25. Crab On a Plate / Bedtime
  26. Tour of the Kingdom
  27. Kiss the Girl — Samuel E. Wright
  28. Ariel Left Behind
  29. Poor Unfortunate Souls (Reprise) — Jodi Benson
  30. The Truth
  31. Interrupting the Wedding / Ursula's Defeat
  32. Happy Ending
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Tinker Bell and her fairy friends from Pixie Hollow were on their way to bring summer to the mainland. Summer was the busiest of all the four seasons–which meant the fairies would be away from home for months instead of days.
Tinker Bell was so excited! She had heard that the fairy camp where they'd be staying was an amazing place.
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Once Tink and the others arrived, the nature fairies got right to work. Vidia, a fast-flying fairy, made the summer grasses sway. Iridessa, a light fairy, bathed flowers in sunshine. Rosetta, a garden fairy, helped bees find their way to the flowers' sweet nectar. Fawn, an animal fairy, greeted birds while Silvermist, a water fairy, frolicked with pollywogs.
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Many years and adventures later, Arendelle was flourishing. Elsa was the new ruler, and she and Anna surrounded themselves with a friendly group–composed of a snowman, a reindeer, and a mountain man–they called family. One evening, they were all playing charades. Olaf and Kristoff made a great team.
"Teapot! Unicorn!" – Kristoff
Kristoff guessed correctly every time. Olaf rearranged himself into a new shape.
It was Elsa and Anna's turn. As Elsa stood before the group, she heard a haunting melody sung by a voice that no one else seemed to hear. It took her focus off the game.
When the round was over, Elsa abruptly excused herself, saying she was tired.
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Anna knew her sister wasn't just tired. She opened the door to Elsa's room and saw that she had wrapped herself in their mother's scarf.
"You do that when something wrong, said Anna. "What is it?"
Elsa wanted to tell Anna about the voice but decided against it. Instead, she said she was worried about messing things up.
"You're doing great," Anna assured her.
Elsa smiled. "What would I do without you?" she asked. "You'll always have me," replied Anna.
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Meanwhile, Tink landed in a peaceful clearing.
"Where is everyone else?" she asked Terence, a dust-keeper fairy.
Terence pulled back a tangle of leaves beneath a huge oak tree, revealing the bustling fairy camp.
Tink couldn't wait to get right to work.
"Don't worry, you'll find something to fix," Terence told her. Then he flew off to make pixie dust deliveries.
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Tink went over to a fairy who was painting stripes on bees. "How's the bee striper working? Need any tweaks?" she asked.
The bee fairy shook her head. "It's working find, Tink," she replied.
Since there wasn't anything that needed to be repaired just yet, Tink decided to go look for Lost Things.
The other fairies reminded Tink that she needed to stay hidden from humans.
Just then, a loud CRACK! went through the fairy camp!
Fawn was startled and knocked over some paint she was using to decorate butterfly wings.
Tinker Bell was very curious about what had caused the loud noise. She went off to find out.
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It was a car! Tinker Bell had never seen one before.
Tink followed, and watched as the car stopped at an old house in the country.
Then she saw a little girl, her father, and their cat get out.
"Could we have a tea party in the meadow? Please?" Lizzy pleaded.
"Not today," Dr. Griffiths said wearily. "I have quite a bit of work to do."
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After the three had gone inside, Tink flew under the car to examine it. Suddenly, Vidia appeared. "You shouldn't be this close to the house!" she scolded.
But Tinker Bell was already poking around the engine. She found an interesting-looking lever and turned it. Outside the car, Vidia got showered with water!
Vidia was furious! Tink knew fairies couldn't fly with wet wings!
Moments later, Lizzy and her father returned to the car–and the fairies froze in fright. Luckily, the humans were busy examining a strange-looking butterfly.
"I guess that's just the way the fairies decided to paint it," Lizzy said.
"Fairies do not paint pbutterfly wings, because fairies are not real," Dr. Griffiths insisted as he captured the creature with a net.
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Meanwhile, Lizzy was pulling a fairy house out of the trunk of the car. She hoped a real fairy would come to live in her miniature house one day. Lizzy invited her father to help her set it up in the meadow, but–as usual–he was too busy. He had to get ready for a meeting he was having at the museum the next day.
When the humans had left, Tinker Bell apologized to Vidia for getting her wet.
"Maybe if you spent less time causing disasters," Vidia snapped, "you wouldn't have to help everybody so much."
The pair set off together into the meadow, where they soon spotted Lizzy's fairy house.
Tink flew over to investigate.
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"Tinker Bell, we're not supposed to go near human houses!" warned Vidia.
"Human houses are a lot bigger," Tink replied. She went inside and looked around, delighted by the tiny furnishings. "It's perfectly safe."
"Oh, really?" asked Vidia. She stepped outside and whipped up a gust of wind that slammed the door shut.
Tink didn't mind. She was having fun exploring.
Suddenly, Vidia saw Lizzy approaching in the distance. She pulled on the door to let Tink out–but it was jammed shut!
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Later that night, the voice woke Elsa, louder and more insistent than before. She followed it to the fjord. She needed to know more about it.
Elsa began to sing along with the voice's call. As she did, she felt her magic getting stronger. The voice encouraged her to use her power in new ways.
Elsa found she could pull moisture out of the air and create wonderful fleeting images made of snow. How can this be happening? she thought.
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Then Elsa felt the voice pull away from her. She reached for it and a shock wave of magic blasted from her in every direction. The moisture in the air froze into crystals that dotted the sky as far as she could see. Suddenly, an explosion of light came from the north.
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"Tink, someone's coming!" cried Vidia. "Get out of there!"
Tink ignored her. She was sure Vidia was just trying to scare her.
Vidia hid, watching as Lizzy got closer. "Oh, no! What have I done?" she cried as the little girl peeked into the house.
"A...a...fairy...," Lizzy whispered.
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Tinker Bell saw Lizzy's huge eye staring at her through the window. It was terrifying! Lizzy snatched up the fairy house and raced back home. Vidia followed at a safe distance.
Dr. Griffiths was busy studying the butterfly he had captured earlier.
"Now, dear," Dr. Griffiths said. "What did you want me to see?"
"Um, never mind...," Lizzy answered. She worried that her father might try to study the fairy the way he was studying the butterfly.
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The shock wave woke Anna. When she saw that Elsa was not in her bedroom, she raced for the castle doors. Just as she stumbled into the courtyard, the frozen crystals fell from the sky.
The sound of crashing ice crystals brought the villagers out of their homes as well. All around them, lanterns suddenly flickered out, and the water in the fountains began to dry up.
The sisters found each other, and it was clear to them that something was very wrong. The ground shook and the wind blew the villagers, pushing everyone toward the cliffs.
After they were all safe, Elsa told her sister about the voice.
"A voice?" asked Anna. "What kind of voice? What did it say?"
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Elsa revealed that the voice hadn't said anything it had simply shown her the Enchanted Forest. She knew she needed to travel there.
"Not without us, you don't," Anna said.
The ground rumbled again, but this time it was the mountain trolls rolling through the pass. Grand Pabbie went straight to Elsa.
"Much about the past is not what it seems," Pabbie said. "When one can see no future, all one can do is the next right thing."
Elsa had to find the voice. "And this time, Anna, I am not afraid," she said.
Grand Pabbie told Anna he would take care of the villagers but she needed to watch over Elsa.
"I won't let anything happen to her," Anna promised.
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Up in her room, Lizzy took the roof off the fairy house, and ZIP! Tinker Bell darted out.
Vidia watched through the window as Mr. Twitches pounced. Tinker Bell was in more danger than Vidia had thought!
Lizzy scooped Tinker Bell out of the way and put her in a birdcage for safekeeping.
"Bad cat! No, no, no!" cried Lizzy.
Vidia raced back to the fairy camp to get help, but a storm had begun.
"We can't fly in the rain," Fawn reminded her. "And the meadow's already flooded!"
Clank and Bobble had the answer: They would build a boat!
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At dawn, Elsa, Anna, Olaf, Kristoff, and Sven left Arendelle, headed due north. They traveled day and night. Their mission was too important–the stakes too high–to stop for rest.
Olaf tried to lighten the mood. "Who's into trivia?" he asked, but he didn't wait for a response. "I am! Okay!"
The snowman kept up a never-ending chatter, revealing fun facts he had discovered since learning to read. "Did you know that water has memory?" Olaf said. "Did you know men are six times more likely to be struck by lightning? Sorry, Kristoff!"
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As they went over a small hill, Elsa heard the voice again. She asked Kristoff to stop the wagon. Straight ahead, the sun revealed the Enchanted Forest, shrouded in a heavy mist.
Elsa raced across the plain with Anna right behind her, but they stopped before reaching the mist. "We do this together, okay?" Anna said.
"Together," Elsa replied.
At once, the mist began to part.
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Kristoff, Olaf, and Sven hurried to join Anna and Elsa. The group stared as four giant stone columns were revealed.
The friends moved slowly toward the monoliths. But once they were inside the mist, it closed around them. They were trapped!
They didn't have time to be concerned, as the mist began to push the friends into the unknown!
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Back at the house, Lizzy let Tinker Bell out of the cage and showed off her collection of fairy artwork. But as Lizzy described what was going on in each picture, Tink realized that the little girl had her fairy facts all wrong!
Tink interrupted, but all Lizzy heard was a jingling sound. "So that's how fairies speak! she exclaimed.
Tink went over to the fairy house and started repairing the door.
"Why, you're quite the little tinker, aren't you?" asked Lizzy.
Tink pointed to herself, then rang the house's fairy bell.
"Tinker Bell!" Lizzy cried. "What a lovely name!"
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Just then, Dr. Griffiths came upstairs to deal with some leaks in the old house's ceilings.
"Lizzy," he said, "it sounds like you're talking to...a fairy?"
Tinker Bell hid while Lizzy quickly held up a fairy drawing. "Oh, yes, but she's make-believe," the little girl replied.
"Quite right," her father said. "I would like to see you spending less time in the fantasy world and more time in the real world. This summer you have an excellent opportunity to learn all sorts of wonderful things. Here is a blank field journal. I'm sure you'll be able to fill it with your own scientific research."
 Satisfied, her father went back to his task.
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They eventually stumbled into a wooded area. Everyone looked around in amazement. They had entered the Enchanted Forest!
Suddenly, the snowman was swept up by a gust of air.
"Olaf! Elsa cried, rushing toward him.
It was the Wind Spirit! Moments later, the whole group was caught in its vortex.
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Elsa sent a blast of magic that pushed everyone out of the whirlwind–except her. She filled the vortex with a steady stream of snow and slowed its spinning. Then she threw her arms open and snow flew everywhere.
Elsa was free. And she was surrounded by ice sculptures depicting beautiful moments frozen in time.
"What's that thing you say, Olaf?" Anna asked.
"Water has memory," he said.
As Anna and Elsa walked among the sculptures, one in particular caught their attention. It showed their father as a teenager. He was being rescued by a girl who wore a scarf that was just like their mother's.
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They suddenly heard a loud banging. Reindeer quickly surrounded Elsa and the others as people emerged from the bushes. They were the Northuldra! Anna grabbed an ice sword from one of the sculptures.
"Lower your weapon," said a Northuldra woman named Honeymaren.
Seconds later, soldiers from Arendelle, in faded and tattered uniforms, appeared.
"And you lower yours," Lieutenant Mattias of the Arendellians said to Honeymaren.
But another Northuldra, Yelana, sneaked up behind them. "Threatening my people again, Lieutenant?" she said.
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The two groups charged, both wanting to be the first to capture the sisters and their friends. Elsa used her magic to make the ground slick, causing the Northuldra and the Arendellian soldiers to slip and fall.
"That was magic!" Mattias cried.
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As Mattias got to his feet, Anna asked, "Do I know you?" She and Elsa walked over to him.
Then it hit her. His portrait was in the castle. "You were our father's official guard!" Anna exclaimed.
"I see him. I see him in your faces," Mattias said.
The young Northuldra were also eager to meet Anna and Elsa. Honeymaren approached them and asked about the scarf Anna was carrying. Anna explained that it had been given to her father, who had then given it to her mother.
It was remarkable to all that a traditional Northuldra scarf was cherished by an Arendellian queen. Maybe the two sides were more alike than different.
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Without warning, a bright light shot out from behind a tree. It was the Fire Spirit! Everything it touched burst into flame. People scattered, but Elsa stayed to battle the blaze with her magic.
The Northuldra reindeer panicked and ran. Kristoff jumped onto Sven and took off after them.
Elsa spotted the tiny Fire Spirit, a salamander, under a rocky overhang.
Elsa held out her hand and the spirit cautiously climbed onto it. She smiled and sprinkled the salamander with snowflakes.
All of a sudden, Elsa heard the voice and so did the Fire Spirit! The two of them turned toward its calling.
"We have to go north," Elsa said. It was time to move on.
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Tinker Bell came out of hiding. She was ready to go home, but a rainstorm had begun!
"You can stay with me until it stops," suggested Lizzy. "You can teach me more about fairies!"
Tinker Bell had an idea. She gathered together some art supplies, then opened the blank field journal.
Lizzy asked her questions about being a fairy, and Tinker Bell acted out the answers.
Soon Tink and Lizzy had filled the journal!
Meanwhile, Tinker Bell's friends were having a rough voyage in their homemade boat. In fact, they were headed straight for a waterfall!
After a wild ride, the boat crashed on the shore. The fairies were safe–but their boat was in pieces.
"I guess our sailing days are over," said Bobble.
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Now that Lizzy's fairy field journal was complete and the rain was slowing down, it was time for Tink to go find her friends. Tinker Bell was sad about leaving, but excited to get back to the fairy camp.
"Good-bye, Tinker Bell," Lizzy said. "I'll never forget you."
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But when Tinker Bell flew past the office window, she saw Lizzy inside. It was obvious the little girl wanted her father to look at her journal–but he was too busy trying to fix all the leaks in the house.
Tink realized she couldn't leave just yet. She had to find a way to help Lizzy and her father spend more time together.
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Lizzy went back to her room, feeling sad. Suddenly, Tink appeared!
"You came back!" Lizzy exclaimed. She was overjoyed to see her new friend again!
Meanwhile, the other fairies were on foot, continuing their mission to find Tink. Vidia finally spotted the road that led to Lizzy's house. Everyone crossed the road safely except Vidia. She got stuck in the mud! Silvermist, Fawn, Rosetta, and Iridessa grabbed on to Vidia and pulled–but they couldn't budge her.
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Then, suddenly, the fairies saw headlights coming toward them in the rain!
Iridessa held up her hand and bounced the headlight beams back toward the car. The driver stopped and got out. "Is somebody out there?" he asked.
The fairies reached out for his shoelace and held on tight. When the driver turned to leave, he pulled them all out of the mud!
After a fun evening of playing with Tink, and a yummy tea party, Lizzy fell asleep. Tink peeked into the hallway and saw Dr. Griffiths give up and head to bed himself as even more drips fell from the ceiling.
That gave Tinker Bell an idea. If she could help Dr. Griffiths with the house repairs, he would have more time to spend with Lizzy!
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Tinker Bell found a hole in the ceiling and flew up into the attic. The musty old place was filled with crates and boxes–and leaks!
She searched the attic until she had all the parts she needed. In no time at all, she had invented a system to take the water from the leaks and send it back outside.
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Tinker Bell flew down into the office to make sure her repairs had worked.
She couldn't help noticing the butterfly fluttering in a jar on the desk. It made Tink fell terrible to see the poor creature trapped and helpess.
By the time Tink was done taking care of his leaks, it was morning.
Dr. Griffiths came by to check on his daughter. "All the leaks seem to have stopped," he told her. "It's as if they mended themselves."
When Dr. Griffiths left the room, Tink picked up the field journal. She encouraged Lizzy to take it to her father.
"I would like to show him this," Lizzy said. "He has so much to learn about fairies."
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Elsa started walking. Even though Kristoff and Sven were away from the camp, Anna and Olaf knew they had to leave immediately with Elsa.
It felt as if they had been walking for hours when a distressing sight came into view–the wreckage of an Arendellian ship.
When they got closer, Elsa and Anna realized it was their parents' ship! Inside, Anna found a map. Ahtohallan, the river from their mother's lullaby, was clearly marked on it.
Elsa was devastated. "This was my fault. They were looking for answers about me!"
"Hey, you are not responsible for their choices," said Anna.
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Elsa let that sink in. She knew Anna was right. But she also knew that the next part of the journey would be the most dangerous. She had to go alone. If anything happened to Anna, she wouldn't be able to bear it.
She conjured up an ice boat beneath Anna and Olaf and sent them down a dry riverbed.
Anna reached for something, anything, to stop their boat. But they slipped into a quickly flowing river that took them farther from Elsa.
As their ice boat continued downstream, Anna spotted Earth Giants sleeping along the shore. The giants stirred as Anna and Olaf drifted silently by. As perilous as the moment was, Anna couldn't help wondering what dangers Elsa was facing.
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But when Lizzy got downstairs, her father was very upset. "The butterfly is gone," he announced. "I was going to present it at the museum tonight. I didn't let to go, and since there is no one else in this house, it must have been you."
"I didn't," replied Lizzy. "It must have been..."
Tinker Bell started toward the office, but Lizzy waved her away.
"It must have been who?" Dr. Griffiths asked.
"I could tell you, Father," Lizzy declared, "but you wouldn't believe me."
"Very well," Dr. Griffiths said, "off to your room. I'm very disappointed in you."
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In the woods nearby, Tinker Bell's friends made their way silently through the rain.
"I was just thinking, if Tink were here," said Silvermist, "how not quiet it would be right now. I really miss her."
"Tinker Bell getting trapped is all my fault," Vidia admitted. "I'm so sorry."
To Vidia's surprise, the other fairies weren't upset with her.
"Tinker Bell can get into plenty of trouble by herself," Rosetta declared.
The fairies joined hands and vowed to work together to save Tink.
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Elsa had, in fact, reached the Dark Sea. Its ferocious waves made it nearly impossible for her to cross. Elsa was determined, but time and time again the sea pushed her back, and then it pulled her under!
She managed to reach the surface and create an ice slide, but when the waves broke it, she dove straight into the water, not noticing an enormous creature watching her.
Below the waves, Elsa was confronted by a looming spirit that took the form of a horse–the Water Nokk!
The spirit charged at Elsa over and over, but Elsa didn't surrender. She summoned all her power to create an ice bridle, which she hooked onto the massive horse.
At last, the Water Nokk responded to Elsa's commands. Together, they galloped to the other side of the Dark Sea.
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Elsa had reached Ahtohallan–and the voice that had been calling to her. The answers to all her questions were there, just as her mother's Iullaby had promised. But more than the truth about her magic, Elsa also diseovered peace–a peace she couldn't wait to share with her sister, the spirits, and spread throughout the kingdom.
Meanwhile, Anna and Olaf had found refuge in a cave. A twinkle of snowflakes rushed in and formed an ice sculpture. It was a signal from Elsa that she was safe, and soon they would all be together again.
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Meanwhile, Tinker Bell was trying to make Lizzy feel better.
"I wish I were a fairy just like you," Lizzy told Tink. "Then I could fly around with the other fairies all the time."
Tink knew how to make Lizzy's wish come true: pixie dust!
While Lizzy was being a pretend fairy upstairs, lots of real fairies were slipping into the kitchen downstairs to rescue Tink!
They didn't get very far, though. Mr. Twitches was blocking their way!
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Vidia had an idea. She shot a stream of pixie dust at a plate, which began to hover in the air. The others joined in, sprinkling the magic dust on dishes and silverware. Now the fairies hurried across their flying bridge to reach the stairs–but Mr. Twitches was right behind them.
"You know where Tink is," Rosetta told Vidia. "You go. We'll take care of the cat."
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8 Ways Frozen II Is Better Than The Original (& 6 Ways It's Not)
Frozen II brings back Elsa, Anna, and the whole crew, but is the sequel good? Here are the reasons it's better than the original, and why it's not.

After six long, long years, we've finally gotten the sequel to one of the most popular movies of all time, Frozen. Boy is it a good one! The sequel has its fair share of problems, sure, but overall it's a very strong sequel that does a lot of things right.
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Better: The Animation
It's a given that in the six-year timeframe between the two releases, Frozen II would look better than the original film. While the original still looked absolutely beautiful, the sequel pushes the boundaries even further. Stunning bodies of water, ice sculptures, and even Elsa undergo a transformation that looks great. There's nothing in this movie that looks poor. Everything in Frozen II is simply gorgeous from start to finish.
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Better: A Natural Progression
Sure, while the concept of Frozen II isn't as novel as the original film is, the story makes sense, overall. Characters feel like they're where they should be at this point in their lives. Their motivations feel real. We didn't necessarily need a Frozen II, but this movie proves that it has a right to exist, it isn't just some shameless cash-grab that exists to print Disney money, which it is still doing either way.
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Better: The Soundtrack
Let it Go is dead. She was murdered. By who, you might be asking? Oh, well that's simple. By Into the Unknown. The Frozen II soundtrack is fantastic. Elsa has two fantastic songs, Anna shines more than once, Kristoff finally gets his own song (and it's everything you could ever dream of), Olaf goes in, and the whole thing is fantastic.

While all of the songs are fantastic, the soundtrack also has three pop versions of the songs on it, performed by Panic! at the Disco, Kacey Musgraves, and Weezer. All of these renditions are great. The soundtrack is absolutely fantastic from the beginning to end. It also features some outtakes from the movie! We did not deserve this at all. We don't deserve Idina Menzel at all.
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Better: Olaf
Of course, Olaf is killing it left and right in the second film, it's what he does best. His comedic relief is as great as it ever is. Olaf was one of the highlights of the original Frozen, and he's no different in the sequel. He's funny, heartwarming, and his song is great; he's got it all for the second time around. Truly the best of the snowmen.
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Better: Elsa's Outfits
THE HAIR. In Frozen II, Elsa does the unthinkable, and LETS HER HAIR DOWN! Yeah, you heard that right. Everyone has a new wardrobe in the sequel, Anna looks great of course. However, Elsa is killing it.

She gets an entirely new dress, which is just great. But we have to get back to the hair. It looks absolutely fantastic while it's down, and it's animated so beautifully, good god. Never has someone's hair been so important, but Elsa's truly is.
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Better: Anna's Character
Luckily, Anna does see a fair amount of growth in Frozen II. Throughout the film we see her struggle with some very dark themes, and the fact that Elsa goes off on her own once again enrages Anna, rightfully so. She has to save her sister once more, yet, she doesn't hold it against her. She still loves her. Despite the trials that Elsa puts Anna through in Frozen II, the new Queen of Arendelle persists.
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Better: The Narrative
In an overall sense, Frozen II has a better storyline than its predecessor. It deals with some heavier themes, has different consequences, it's just stronger overall. Frozen II goes deeper, and digs into Elsa and Anna's background in some new ways. When looking at the big picture, Frozen II tells a better story than Frozen. However, there is one issue with the story that overall drags it down a bit. The ending.
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Better: The Lore
Frozen II dives deeper into the lore of Arendelle and Elsa's powers. We get a better understanding of the world that our protagonists live in, which is something that the first movie lacked. We also get a deep dive into Elsa's powers, how and why they exist, and why they exist within her. Getting to understand why it is that Elsa has her powers was something that a sequel needed to do, and it was handled very well in Frozen II. It doesn't feel like the explanation was created in order to be an explanation, it just fits.
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Walt Disney's Passing
Walt Disney was involved in a number of projects in the mid-1960s besides The Jungle Book (and Frozen II in the mid-2010s). He was especially passionate about the Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow, or EPCOT, intended as part of his ambitious "Florida Project" which would open as the Walt Disney World Resort in 1971. He also announced the new region in Disneyland Resort in Anaheim, California will include sections about the films Tangled and Peter Pan and Tinker Bell, Kingdom of Arendelle (Frozen) will be as part of the new area. A new hotel will be built nearby. He also planned for the Secret of the Wings soundtrack release at Intrada Records in 2017, and Gigantic, a feature-length musical cartoon feature in 2018 or 2020 (which is cancelled), which is based on the English folk tale "Jack and the Beanstalk", the story was set in Spain, in which Jack befriends a female giant. In 1966, however, he began feeling weak and tried to hide his frequent pain. Animators believed he was suffering the effects from an injury sustained while playing polo several decades earlier. Diagnosed with lung cancer, Walt scheduled a doctor's appointment in October for some neck pain he was in. During the x-ray, doctors noticed the spot on his lung. He went in a month later on November 7th to get surgery done to remove it. However, the tumor had gotten so big that he was only given another six months to two years.
"Nobody at the studio was aware that Walt was as sick as he was." — Richard Sherman
During that one month period between his surgery and his death, Walt made one final visit to the studio, though his staff had no idea how sick he truly was. They could see it in his face, but they were happy to see him regardless as they continued to work on Frozen II.
"I was so grateful and glad to see him and I said, 'Gee it's good to see you Walt' and he said, 'Ken it's very good to be here'." — Ken Anderson
"He walked down the hall and said goodbye. He never said goodbye to anybody in his life, he'd say "I'll see you next week" or something." — Marc Davis
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Not Better: Originality
The originality of the entire Frozen concept isn't really as fresh as it was in the original. While the charm of the characters isn't gone at all in their second outing, the idea of the fivesome just doesn't have the same uniqueness that they had in their first film. Still, this is only a minor concern, as the characters all still provide a ton of entertainment that is certainly worth the watch.
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Not Better: Anna And Elsa's Relationship
The structuring of Frozen II keeps Elsa and Anna apart for most of the movie. In all honesty, it makes sense narratively, and makes the story very strong. Unfortunately, you can't help but wonder what things would have been like if the story was a bit different, and Anna and Elsa got to work together. Instead, Frozen II follows in Frozen's footsteps, and keeps the sisters on separate journeys for the majority of the film. While they do get some good moments between each other, it is a bit disappointing.
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Not Better: Supporting Cast
The original Frozen had quite a few interesting side characters, such as Hans and all the Weasletown people. Also, Rapunzel was there because why wouldn't she be? These characters added to the film. and the side characters in Frozen II are really a non-entity. They really don't add anything to the film in any meaningful way, save for a few interesting moments here and there. Overall, they just moved the plot forward, and didn't do anything too exciting for the film.
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Not Better: Elsa's Character
In Frozen II, Elsa's character doesn't go through any big changes, it's almost as if she didn't learn anything in the original film. Elsa would still rather take on all challenges herself, instead of working with her friends to solve their issues. Elsa instead sends Anna away. Did she really think that would work? She should know that her sister isn't going to sit by while Elsa puts herself in danger. Of course, Anna ends up saving Elsa in the end, thankfully, but Elsa really should have learned a thing or two in the original film about herself, and her sister.
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Not Better: Kristoff's Character
While Kristoff has some good moments in the film, like his aforementioned solo song, he doesn't really do that much throughout the film. His story didn't really make sense. He feels like Anna isn't interested anymore, but this isn't the case, and there really isn't much reason for him to think that this is the case at all, he just kind of does. Still, once again, it makes for a fantastic song.
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Not Better: The Ending
The ending of Frozen II is just kind of... quick? Things move so quickly in the final few moments of the film. Of course, it is a kid's movie, so it makes sense that it does have to wrap up rather quickly. Still, with only five more minutes, Frozen II's ending would have had a lot more impact. The conflict just wraps up so quickly that it makes things feel a bit cheap. Overall, the narrative is great. However, the ending just takes away from the experience. That doesn't make the film bad in any way at all, but just keeps it from soaring even higher. It'll still break the box office with or without a perfect ending.
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Elsa rode the Water Nokk to Ahtohallan, using the mysterious voice to guide her. When she arrived, she discovered Ahtohallan was a glacier–a frozen river. Elsa entered the glacier, and realized the voice was the memory of her mother, Queen Iduna. She helped Elsa discover who she was always meant to be–the Snow Queen, Soon, memories appeared as ice sculptures. But one memory of her grandfather caught her attention, and Elsa learned the terrible truth about her grandfather and the Northuldra. But she had gone too deep. As the ice consumed her, Elsa used her final breath to send Anna a message.
At the same time, Dr. Griffiths could hear strange noises coming from Lizzy's room.
"What's going on in here?" he demanded. Look at this room! How did you get footprints on the ceiling? The truth this time."
"Well, I...," began Lizzy. "I was flying. My fairy showed me how."
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"You've got to stop this nonsense!" insisted Dr. Griffiths.
Just then, Vidia sneaked into the room, but he didn't see her.
"You will never convince me that fairies exist!" he added.
Tinker Bell couldn't stand it any longer She flew out of hiding and hovered directly in front of his face!
"It can't be!" Lizzy's father cried. He stared at Tink in wonder. "This is going to be the discovery of the century!"
Vidia saw him raise a glass jar. "Watch out!" she warned. Now that her wings were dry, she was able to fly over and knock Tink out of the way.
SLAM! The jar came down on Vidia instead.
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"I must get this to the museum right away!" declared Dr. Griffiths.
"Father, you can't do this!" cried Lizzy–but it was no use.
Dr. Griffiths ran out of the house, jumped into his car, and drove off to the city.
When the other fairies arrived, Tink told them that Vidia was in danger. "We have to hurry and rescue her!" she cried.
It was still raining, though. The fairies wouldn't be able to fly.
Meanwhile, Anna and Olaf were in a dark cavern. They were searching for a way out when suddenly Elsa's message appeared before them as an ice sculpture, It showed Anna's grandfather attacking the Northuldra leader. Anna now knew the truth–her grandfather had deceived the Northuldra people. The dam had not been a gift of peace. Anna knew she needed to set things right by breaking the dam. Suddenly, Olaf began to fade away. Elsa was in trouble, but Anna knew she had to pick herself up and do the next right thing.
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Before his death, Walt called Woolie Reitherman to St. Joseph's Hospital and personally asked him to help lead the feature film animation program, letting him know that he would be the one to continue the legacy of animated films and the Disney Fairies film series, so Reitherman (who sees Don Hahn's potential as a future producer of Beauty and the BeastThe Lion King, and especially, The Hunchback of Notre Dame) pushed back against the shutdown and the discontinuation of the Tinker Bell franchise. He and the other artists wanted Frozen II, the Secret of the Wings soundtrack, or one scene involving Anna and Elsa's childhood to be completed the way Walt wanted, and they were ultimately able to continue production.
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Frozen II (along with the Secret of the Wings motion picture soundtrack and one scene featuring Anna and Elsa as they were children and their parents) was the last animated cartoon feature production that Walt Disney V personally supervised before passing away from complications related to lung cancer on December 15, 1966, ten days after his 65th birthday.
Animator and Disney Legend Floyd Norman reflected on Walt's sudden death: "None of us knew during the making of [Frozen II/The Jungle Book] that Walt was sick. He worked with the usual vigor and enthusiasm. You would never think Walt was a dying man in 1966. He never came across as faltering or that his health was failing. We never got that. I think that's why his passing was a shock to all of us."
Walt's death was mourned at The Walt Disney Studios and all over the world. Disney was in fact cremated on December 17th, 1966 and had his ashes were interred at Forest Lawn Cemetery in Los Angeles, California. Disney's last words before dying of lung cancer were Kurt Russell written on a piece of paper.
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Kristen Bell on Anna's devastating moment in Frozen II
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About three-quarters of the way into Frozen II, just before the film's final original song, princess protagonist Anna (Kristen Bell) finds herself stranded in a dark cave and an even darker state of mind. Elsa (Idina Menzel) is all but considered dead, Olaf (Josh Gad) has disintegrated like an extra Avenger in Endgame, and any wisp of hope that the princess ever felt has vanished like an icicle in August. It's a shocking nadir for the habitually optimistic Anna, who now joins Bambi and Simba in the subsection of Disney characters who have just absolutely gone through it on screen.
It also inspires over a Disney story idea to have everyone believe that Baloo the bear from The Jungle Book had been killed. Over fifty years later in Frozen II, when Elsa risked her life to deliver the truth beyond the Arendelle past to her sister Anna so she can free the Enchanted Forest and save the kingdom, causing her happy-go-lucky snowman sidekick Olaf to disappear and Anna singing "The Next Right Thing" desperately. Believing two deaths have struck her world, Anna does what a Disney princess in mourning is want to do: She sings.
"I've seen dark before, but not like this.
This is cold, this is empty, this is numb.
The life I knew is over, the lights are out.
Hello darkness, I'm ready to succumb.

I follow you around, I always have.
But you've gone to a place I cannot find.
This grief has a gravity, it pulls me down,
But a tiny voice whispers in my mind."
Fortunately, what follows is a moment of inspiring resolve, even for young viewers who have been left shaken by the drama (and/or possible introduction of the word "succumb"). "You are lost, hope is gone, but you must go on and do the next right thing," Anna sings. "Take a step, step again, it is all that I can to do the next right thing."
What ultimately happens here is Anna finds a way to literally scrape herself off the floor and continue living, despite no longer having two of the people she's been living for. It's that difficult duality — of crippling uncertainty and the loss of co-dependency, in this moment and throughout Frozen II itself — that Bell, who voices Anna, was eager to explore.
"Before [writer/director] Jennifer Lee wrote the script, we sat down for a while and she said, 'What do you think Anna is struggling with? What's the next big hurdle in her life?' and it honestly took me a while to come up with it, but I think whereas Anna in the first one is ultimately optimistic and believes in everyone around her, I wanted to talk about, what you do when you don't know what to do, which I think is a really dark question for a lot of us," Bell tells EW. "What do you do when you don't know what to do?"
It's certainly not an easy issue to unpack, and Anna's song "The Next Right Thing" is an objectively tough one to listen to (not only for its lyrics, but for Bell's performance and decision to not sacrifice emotion for the sake of making a song minivan-appropriate). But Anna's uncertainty over what to do (after so confidently proclaiming that some things never change) is greatly worsened by a loss of who to even do it for — and Anna, more than any other character, is wayward when left without a tribe.
There is a chasm of difference between the loss of life and the loss of co-dependency — you don't have to have been intensely co-dependent to meaningfully grieve a death — but Anna's personality has always been calibrated toward an optimism that manifests in an allowance of needing others to fulfill her. That sounds pretty harsh, but recall that the first 20 minutes of Frozen introduce Anna as a person whose entire worldview was created in the absence of human interaction; the rest of the film presents a wonderfully layered adult full of wit and warmth, but one who nevertheless has outsourced a large portion of her own sense of self-completion to the new affections of other people (like Hans, Elsa, and Kristoff). Add another layer to this: Anna is, according to the directors, an archetype of fairy tale — as opposed to Elsa, an archetype of myth — and so her motivations have been purposefully crafted to follow north stars of love, harmony, and happy endings. None of those are bad things to believe in, but the reason Anna's moment of mourning feels so disarmingly dark is because such sunny dogma exacerbate the fall from grace when you're suddenly miles away from your castle alone in a cave grieving her sister and snowman.
Watching Anna go to her darkest depth is no easy scene to swallow, certainly not for younger audience members who didn't exactly have "Olaf dies" on their Frozen II bingo card. But if the moment can spur a meaningful dialogue about determination after the film, then it holds the same power that, for decades, has made animated films a consequential medium for fostering maturity.
"We waited around to find the story lines that were important enough to talk about, ones that we felt were necessary and things that hadn't been discussed before," says Bell. "This film definitely grew with its audience, and it took so long to make because everyone was hell-bent on not just making episode 2 of Frozen." In the six years since Frozen first made landfall in the world, the actress has always spoken about her "otherworldly connection" to Anna — to her humor, her idiosyncrasies, to proudly wearing her heart on her sleeve — and Anna's development here only furthers their bond. "I am very co-dependent, and that's part of where my people-pleasing and optimism comes from, and we really dug deep with Anna about the good and the bad parts of being all those things in a melting pot," she continues. "But what do you do when you can't live for someone else anymore? I think our children deserve that conversation."
Bell volunteers a link to another current project of hers that has also sparked its share of provocative conversation: NBC's The Good Place, the four-season-long sitcom on which Bell plays a reformed sinner whose near-death — or, actual-death — experience galvanizes her to be a better human being. "I'm proud to be a part of a show like The Good Place because I play a girl who lives in isolation and was an island, and then only when she got to the afterlife did she realize she needed people, and she grew because of it," Bell says. "I think Anna is sort of the opposite. She lives for everyone around her, she's seemingly happy, but even she has to find her strength and depend on herself. And I think Jen and everyone found a beautifully poignant way to have Anna discover that and look inward." When viewed that way, Anna's moment of mourning doesn't have to be something terrifying, but something teachable.
And it certainly doesn't hurt that, for the second time in forever, a happy ending still does manage to work out in the long run.
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This tragic but very emotionally touching scene when Anna griefs her sister (Elsa) and snowman (Olaf) after they die, singing "The Next Right Thing" (along with the climax and the epilogue), will definitely help me let Mike Greenholt and the filmmakers tell the truth about the death of Pixie Hollow had there not first been a Peter Pan. And it also will definitely help me let go of the fact that company will discontinue Pixie Hollow and DisneyToon Studios and the fact that the Tinker Bell film soundtrack collection was almost completed.
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At the time of Walt's passing, Frozen II was only half finished. Everything Walt had learned from the past 30 years of filmmaking was poured into the project: Unique character personalities, sight gags, catchy music, rich background art, and more. His passing led to mass uncertainty at The Walt Disney Studios, even halting production. Animators and key personnel became concerned about the future of animated filmmaking, while management briefly considered shutting down the Animation Department (the shutdown for DisneyToon Studios happens during Lasseter's departure from the company) to rely on income generated solely through rereleases of older films.
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The decision was not an easy one. Destroying the dam would flood her beloved home of Arendelle. But luckily the citizens would be safe; the spirits of nature had already forced them away from the village. Anna found a way out of the cavern and headed for the dam. With the help of the Earth Giants and their destructive boulders, Anna was able to destroy the dam. A massive wave burst forth, heading straight for the only home Anna had ever known.
At that moment, deep inside Ahtohallan, something was cracking. It was the ice around Elsa! Anna's selfless act had once again saved her sister. Elsa fell into the water where the Water Nokk was waiting. She rode the Water Nokk to Arendelle as fast as possible, hoping there was still enough time. When Elsa arrived, she turned to face the mountain of water. As it rushed toward her with incredible force, she used her power to create a barrier of ice. Then she pushed the waves away from Arendelle. The kingdom still stood!
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Soon, Anna and Elsa were reunited.
"I thought l'd lost you!" cried Anna as she hugged her sister.
"Lost me? You saved me. Again," said Elsa.
The curse was finally broken; the Arendellians and Northuldra who had been trapped in the forest were released.
On her journey, Elsa realized she belonged with the spirits of nature, looking after the Enchanted Forest. The spirits all agreed that Anna would be crowned queen of Arendelle. So much had changed on their journey, but one thing would always remain the same–Anna and Elsa's love for each other.
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Before its official releases, the film (The Jungle Book / Frozen II (Anna (Tinker Bell) & Elsa's (Periwinkle's) Frozen Beginning)) was screened at the studio in February of 1967. The audience included Hazel George, Walt's personal nurse, one of his closest confidantes, and the songwriter in Disney's From All of Us to All of You. Some of the animators and other staff who worked on the film liked to think that the very last scene of The Jungle Book that Ollie Johnston did, when Baloo and Bagheera are dancing off into the sunset, was Walt's final scene of his life too.
"Walt wasn't a man, he was a force of nature. And that last scene where Baloo and Bagheera dance off into the sunset, she says, 'You know, that's just the way Walt went off. He went off into the sunset. Just like that, here he's gone." – Hazel George, Walt's personal nurse
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These were the final scenes with the life of the Pixie Hollow era, providing an true explanation of how Tinker Bell came to be.
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'Peter Pan (2018 re-release)' review: Lavish animation sequences and Tinker Bell's pantomime performances make Disney's first cartoon fairy tale pretty fun without the Pixie Hollow involvement.

Originally Published 5:08 pm EST November 20, 2018

Updated 10:10 am EST November 21, 2018

Grade: B+
Details: 77 minutes, G, multiple locations; opens Wednesday, Nov. 21
Credits: Voices of Tommy Luske, Paul Collins, Kathryn Beaumont, Candy Candido, Hans Conried, Bill Thompson, Heather Angel, Bobby Driscoll. Executive produced by Jennifer Lee. Directed by Wilfred Jackson, Hamilton Luske, Clyde Geronimi.
Music & Lyrics by Sammy Cahn, Sammy Fain, Michelle Tumes, X Atencio, George Bruns, Jack Lawrence, Frank Churchill, Winston Hibler, Ted Sears, Oliver Wallace, and Ray Kelly
The lowdown: Think of the happiest things as Peter Pan soars to spectacular new heights! Bid your cares goodbye as Wendy and her brothers embark on fantastic adventures with the hero of their bedtime stories… Peter Pan! With faith, trust and Tinker Bell's pixie dust, Peter teaches them how to fly and leads them to the "second star to the right" and beyond… to Never Land!

This was the first animated cartoon feature film supervised under Wolfgang Reitherman V's team style leadership. It marked Tinker Bell's new beginning at the Disney studio, just for now until the Frozen sequel comes in the next Thanksgiving release.
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The tremendous success of The Jungle Book and Frozen II reestablished animation as a valuable form of storytelling while also reassuring The Walt Disney Studios that they would be able to move forward without their ambitious leader. Walt was never as concerned with profits as he was with entertaining audiences with the art of great storytelling. Reflecting on this time, Reitherman said '"... [Walt] left so many roots in all of us. All of the pictures I did since then, I went for personality, strong characterization, strong voices that fit the character. And it did make the pictures ever so much simpler to construct," This simplicity also helped save the company money on production costs for the next decade.
In the wake of Walt's death, the animators united to preserve what he had worked so hard to create. Reitherman continued, "There was no replacement for Walt. In my view, the main thing was to keep this team together and keep the same creative juices flowing..." Reitherman remained in key roles at the Studios until his retirement in 1981, directing or codirecting films such as The AristoCats (1970), The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh (1977), and The Rescuers (1977). During this time, he and the other animators launched Disney Plus, the service that is built around content from Disney's main entertainment studios and film and television library, including DisneyToon Studios, to guarantee the future of animation at the Studios. "This was survival, as far as I and most of the animators were concerned. It was survival to keep this thing going, this thing called 'Walt Disney Animation.'"
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It's not surprising that all six of the Tinker Bell feature films always had a special place in their heart for the Disney Fairies library at Disney Plus. It helped save their franchise, along with the superior critical success of Frozen II. It was a new beginning.
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To see Tinker Bell's special animation, click 00:42:43–44.
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Disneywiz's wish gift

Shipped from eBay to Traverse Town on Thursday, December 6, 2018
Delivered on Monday, December 24, 2018

Wish Granted: Monday, May 21, 2018
Film Release: Wednesday, November 21, 2018 (replacement for Ralph Breaks the Internet)
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To: The fan of Walt Disney's most popular fairy with her voice and sibling in Pixie Hollow with her name based on a purple flower and Arendelle's enchanted sisters as they were juniors and the Academy Award-winning team behind Zootopia and Frozen, including the father of the deceased guardian angel: Chris Buck.
—with Christmas kisses—
From: The surviving studio staff and the cast of Peter Pan (Margaret Kerry, Kathryn Beaumont, and Paul Collins), Tinker Bell's animation supervisor Michael Greenholt, Gary and Lyn Geronimi, two sons of a gifted director and a new Disney Legend: Clyde Geronimi, costume designer Alice Davis† (Marc Davis' wife and widow), former studio executive Ron Miller† (Walt Disney's son-in-law and Diane's husband), actor Kurt Russell, the PhilharMagic orchestra, the group of animators who worked with the Nine Old Men which some of them had children (Ron Clements (Frank Thomas, filmmaker Ted Thomas), Eric Goldberg (Ward Kimball), Don Hahn (Woolie Reitherman, child actors Richard, Robert, and Bruce Reitherman), and Mark Henn), most of the surviving Disney Legends: Richard Sherman, Burny Mattinson†, Andreas Deja, Glen Keane, Linda Larkin, Lea Salonga, Paige O'Hara, Anika Noni Rose, Marge Champion†, Floyd Norman, Tony Baxter, and Don Iwerks; and the old Disney Legends' animation team, including actor Fred MacMurray; director: Ben Sharpsteen; co-director: Robert Stevenson; co-producer: Bill Walsh; Donald Duck's animation director: Jack Hannah; Disney musician: Paul J. Smith; writer: Winston Hibler; Imagineers: Roger Broggie, John Hench, and Richard Irvine; famed television host Art Linkletter; matte artist: Peter Ellenshaw; animators: Art Babbitt, Les Clark, and John Lounsbery; a successor for Tinker Bell's voice: Jimmy Macdonald, and especially, two King Arthur character designers: Milt Kahl and Bill Peet, the story man who left the Studio in over fifty years.
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Dedicated to:
• Blaine Gibson — Animation, Imagineering
• Jack Lindquist — Attractions
• Dean Jones — Film
• X Atencio — Animation, Imagineering
• Al Konetzni — Character Merchandise
• Charlie Ridgway — Attractions
• Marty Sklar — Imagineering
• Tyrus Wong — Animation
• Kevin Corcoran — Television, Film
• Frank Gifford — Television
• Harry Archinal — Administration
• Carson Van Osten — Consumer Products

• Stan Lee — Film, Publishing
• Eric Larson — Animation
• Ollie Johnston — Animation
• Ryder Buck — Family, Son of Chris Buck
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Secret of the Wings: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
Soundtrack album by various artists
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Released: 
May 21, 2018
Recorded: 2012–2013
Genre: Orchestral score, classical, pop, folk-pop, orchestral pop, teen pop, bubblegum pop
Label: Walt Disney Records
Producer: Joel McNeely
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Tracks
  1. Opening Poem
  2. We'll Be There – Sydney Sierota
  3. Snowy Owls
  4. Runaway Bunny
  5. Stepping Into Winter
  6. Searching For Clues
  7. Making Winter Clothes
  8. The Stowaway
  9. The Journey Begins
  10. Tink And Peri Meet / The Story
  11. The Great Divide, Part 1 – The McClain Sisters
  12. Peri Wants Go to Pixie Hollow
  13. Say Goodbye
  14. Peri Crosses Over
  15. The Great Divide, Part 2 – The McClain Sisters
  16. Peri Falls
  17. Lord Milori Forbids
  18. Queen Clarion's Story
  19. The Weather Turns
  20. Frost Fairies Come To Help
  21. To The Rescue
  22. The Storm Hits
  23. The Thaw
  24. Tink's Broken Wing
  25. The Wing Heals
  26. New Beginnings
  27. The Great Divide – The McClain Sisters.
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How did the company release the soundtrack when Disney has to discontinue the Tinker Bell series?
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50 years ago, in October 1967, 10 months after Walt's passing, excitement grew in anticipation of the theatrical release of The Jungle Book. The Walt Disney Studios hoped they had properly honored Walt's life, work, and vision. On October 18, the film's gala premiere was held at Hollywood's famed Grauman's Chinese Theatre as a benefit for the Los Angeles Zoo. Along with the notable voice actors from the film, a number of celebrities attended the event, including actors Charlton Heston and Fred MacMurray and pop singers Sonny & Cher. Children were interviewed by famed television host Art Linkletter–more than 12 years after he helped helm Walt's opening-day broadcast at Disneyland–as part of the live coverage of the premiere.

When the film opened to wide release, it received overwhelmingly positive reviews from critics. A December 23 article in the New York Times promoted the film: MERRY CHRISTMAS right back to the Walt Disney studio!

A perfectly dandy cartoon feature, The Jungle Book, scooted into local theaters yesterday just ahead of the big day, and it's ideal for the children. Based loosely on Rudyard Kipling's "Mowgli" stories, this glowing little picture should be grand fun for all ages, for in spirit, flavor and superb personification of animals, the old Disney specialty, the new film suggests that bygone [1941] Disney masterpiece, Dumbo.

By this time, The Walt Disney Studios had come full circle with their animated films. Early Disney productions included short cartoons with gags and simple linear events to drive the storyline, but then transitioned to full character animation with complex storylines based on classic literature and fairy tales. Following World War Il, a time when the Studios experimented with different types of animation, the films became simpler and included more character-driven storylines. After Walt passed, nostalgia built for older Disney films, with Time magazine noting that the film was "...the happiest way to remember Walt Disney." Life magazine echoed the New York Times, claiming that it was the best Disney film since Dumbo (1941). Overall, critics and audiences were drawn to the animation style, rich artwork, simple storyline, and catchy songs from the film.

Produced on a modest budget, The Jungle Book became a box-office sensation. The film was rereleased theatrically in North America three times–in 1978, 1984, and 1990. Legendary actor Gregory Peck, president of the Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences when The Jungle Book was originally released, was so impressed that he lobbied for it to be nominated for an Academy Award* for Best Picture, though he was unsuccessful. Overseas, the film had similar success, and was rereleased theatrically in Europe several times in the 1970s and 1980s. In Germany, The Jungle Book, premiering over a year after its domestic release, was equally successful during its opening weekend, and currently stands as the most-attended film in German theatrical history.
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The introductions of of the beloved wooden puppet who risked his life to save his father, the trio between Donald Duck and his friends from South America, Disney's retelling of Tchaikovsky's fairy tale, and especially, the young boy who wouldn't grow up – developed by King Arthur legend enthusiast Milt Kahl, Alice's Wonderland specialist Ward Kimball, and Tinker Bell's godfather Marc Davis – will make both the Frozen and Tinker Bell franchises stick together for the first time in forever.
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From that day on, warm fairies could cross over the border into winter anytime they liked. A coat of frost kept them safe and warm. Friendships between warm fairies and winter fairies bloomed–all just as beautiful as Periwinkle's flower!
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The Wintry Secret
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Rating: PG
Runtime: 1h 42min
Release Date: November 27, 2013 (with Frozen); November 21, 2018
Genre: Animation, Family, Fantasy, Musical
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Walt Disney Animation Studios, the studio behind "The Lion King" and "Beauty and the Beast" presents "Frozen," a stunning big-screen comedy adventure. Fearless optimist Anna (voice of Kristen Bell) sets off on an epic journey—teaming up with rugged mountain man Kristoff (voice of Jonathan Groff) and his loyal reindeer Sven—to find her sister Elsa (voice of Idina Menzel), whose icy powers have trapped the kingdom of Arendelle in eternal winter. Journey with Tinker Bell and her fairy friends into the forbidden world of the mysterious Winter Woods, where curiosity and adventure lead Tink to an amazing discovery and reveal a magical secret that could change her world forever. Encountering Everest-like conditions, mystical trolls and a hilarious snowman named Olaf, Anna and Kristoff battle the elements in a race to save the kingdom.
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Cast
Mae Whitman (Tinker Bell), Hadley Gannaway (Young Anna), Kristen Bell (Anna), Lucy Hale (Periwinkle), Mattea Conforti (Young Elsa), Idina Menzel (Elsa)Jonathan Groff (Kristoff), Josh Gad (Olaf)Evan Rachel Wood (Iduna), Alfred Molina (Agnarr), Santino Fontana (Hans), Timothy Dalton (Lord Milori)Jeff Bennett (Dewey, Clank)Lucy Liu (Silvermist)Raven-Symoné (Iridessa)Megan Hilty (Rosetta)Pamela Adlon (Vidia)Angela Bartys (Fawn)Matt Lanter (Sled), Debby Ryan (Spike), Grey DeLisle (Gliss), Rob Paulsen (Bobble), Jane Horrocks (Fairy Mary), Alan Tudyk (Duke), Ciarán Hinds (Pabbie, Grandpa)Anjelica Huston (Queen Clarion), Chris Williams (Oaken), Jodi Benson (Healing Fairy), Kari Wahlgren (Receptionist), Thomas Lennon (Reading Fairy), Benjamin Diskin (Glacier Fairy), Jesse McCartney (Terence), Stephen J. Anderson (Kai), Maia Wilson (Bulda), Edie McClurg (Gerda), Robert Pine (Bishop), Maurice LaMarche (King)Spencer Lacey Ganus (Teen Elsa), Kathy Najimy (Minister of Summer), John DiMaggio (Minister of Autumn), Steve Valentine (Minister of Spring), Jesse Corti (Spanish Dignitary), Jeffrey Marcus (German Dignitary), Tucker Gilmore (Irish Dignitary). Additional Voices: Ava Acres, Stephen Apostolina, Annaleigh Ashford, Kirk Baily, Jenica Bergere, David Boat, Paul Briggs, Tyree Brown, Woody Buck, June Christopher, Lewis Cleale, Wendy Cutler, Terri Douglas, Eddie Frierson, Jean Gilpin, Jackie Gonneau, Nicholas Guest, Bridget Hoffman, Nick Jameson, Daniel Kaz, John Lavelle, Jennifer Lee, Patricia Lentz, Annie Lopez, Katie Lowes, Mona Marshall, Dara McGarry, Scott Menville, Adam Overett, Paul Pape, Courtney Peldon, Jennifer Perry, Raymond S. Persi, Jean-Michel Richaud, Lynwood Robinson, Carter Sand, Jadon Sand, Katie Silverman, Pepper Sweeney, Fred Tatasciore.
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Crew
Directed By: Chris Buck, Jennifer Lee
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Blaine Gibson, Animation & Imagineering
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Jack Lindquist, Attractions
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Dean Jones, Film
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X Atencio, Animation & Imagineering
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Al Konetzni, Character Merchandise
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Charlie Ridgway, Attractions
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John Culhane, Author & Historian
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Marty Sklar, Imagineering
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Tyrus Wong, Animation
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Kevin Corcoran, Television & Film
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Frank Gifford, Television
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Harry Archinal, Administration
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Carson Van Osten, Consumer Products
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Stan Lee, Film & Publishing
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To our guardian angel, Ryder Buck (1990—2013)
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Disneywiz's gift, given out of the simple desperation of a pure love and wager, is the one favored above all.
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The next day, everyone enjoyed a lovely tea party in the meadow.
"Isn't this pleasant, Father?" asked Lizzy.
"I can't imagine anything better," Dr. Griffiths answered. "Although flying over London Bridge is a close second."
Tink and Vidia sat together, sipping their tea. Not only did they know each other better now–but they had actually become good friends!
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A little while later, everyone settled in to hear Dr. Griffiths read from Lizzy's fairy field journal.
Just then, Terence returned from his pixie dust deliveries. "Well," he said to Tinker Bell, "you found something to fix after all."
Tink looked at Lizzy snuggled close to her father.
"I guess I did," she replied with a satisfied smile.
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The Winner: Frozen II
Frozen II is a better movie than the original, that's for sure. There are certainly quite a few things that the original does better than the sequel, but all-in-all, Frozen II is a stronger film than the original. Whether or not we'll get a third movie to wrap things up as a trilogy is currently up in the air, but either way, we have two spectacular animated films here.
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To see Frozen II's superior success, click Frozen II's Film Release and Success.
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Disneywiz's family
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Joe Walker (February 13, 1939June 24, 2023)
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